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NARRATOR: This glass dome
holds a grisly relic.

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The hand belongs to
a martyred saint.

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Can it work miracles?

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Is this is the true
face of Jesus Christ?

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How was this photographic
image imprinted centuries

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ago on the Turin Shroud?

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The people of Naples
live in fear of the power

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of their patron saint.

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But does this
reliquary really hold

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the blood of Saint Januarius?

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Mysteries from the
files of Arthur C

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Clarke, author
"2001" and inventor

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of the communication satellite.

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Now in retreat in Sri Lanka,
he ponders the riddles

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of this and other worlds.

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Sri Lanka is a melting
pot of religions,

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where Buddhists, Hindus,
Muslims, and Christians

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live and worship side by side.

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Every year, one of the world's
most spectacular festivals

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takes place in Kandy,
the ancient hill capital.

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It's called the Perahera,
and its centerpiece

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is a colorful
procession of elephants.

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The Perahera is held in honor
of the Lord Buddha, one of whose

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teeth is preserved inside a set
of magnificent jeweled caskets.

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This tooth is just one of
countless sacred relics

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revered throughout the world.

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Many are believed to
possess miraculous powers.

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NARRATOR: At Our Lady of
Peace Church in Manhattan,

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an expectant congregation
hopes to witness miracles.

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Father Peter Mary Rookey has
been in the heating business

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for 45 years.

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He seems to exercise a
strange power over his flock.

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He believes the secret lies
hidden inside this cross.

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It fragments of bones
from seven saints.

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Father Peter Mary
claims these relics can

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bring comfort to the afflicted.

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A gift of tears,
that's a beautiful gift.

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Let the tears flow.

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Let the tears flow.

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Thank you, Jesus.

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FATHER PETER MARY (VOICEOVER):
The relics are very powerful,

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and always have been.

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By blessing people with our
with our saints, their relics,

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people were healed.

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So more powerful than that,
you cannot say, I guess.

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--[INAUDIBLE] this to
somebody here for a minute.

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OK.

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FATHER PETER MARY (VOICEOVER):
Placing this reliquary crucifix

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upon them, and blessing
them with our saints,

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we have seen the blind recover
their sight, and the deaf hear,

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and the lame walk.

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NARRATOR: For this
man, at least,

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the relics appear to
have worked wonders,

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whether through
unearthly intervention

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or mere coincidence.

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Sister Gregory of
the Bar Convent

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is custodian of Britain's
greatest horde of relics.

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She's lost count of
how many she has.

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There are two
classes of relics.

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There are first class
relics, which are actually

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part of the saint or the
martyr, a bit of his bone,

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a bit of his hair,
a bit of his flesh.

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Then there are second class
relics, which are very much

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more common, and
those consist of a bit

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of the clothing, or
perhaps something

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that's just touched the body.

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This is the skull of Saint
Victor, a Roman martyr.

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We see he was a martyr from
the palm around his skull.

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And here, we have a very large
collection of small relics.

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Now, this is a little bit of
the bone of Saint Cecilia.

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And that is certainly
a first class relic,

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because it is part of her body.

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And this, again, is part
of the body of Saint Agnes.

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Some saints, as
soon as they died,

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people were trying to take
parts of their bodies.

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St. Theresa of
Avila, her community

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had great difficulty
in getting her buried,

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because people were lying in
wait to take parts of her body

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in a really quite gruesome way.

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I can't say that
I have a favorite,

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but I suppose
perhaps if anything,

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Margaret Clitherow's
hand, because I

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do admire her enormously.

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She was a very,
very brave woman.

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NARRATOR: Margaret
Clitherow was a 16th century

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butcher's wife in York.

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She became a Catholic when it
was against the law to do so.

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For giving sanctuary
to persecuted priests,

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she was condemned
to a barbaric death.

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Crushed beneath
enormous weights,

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she took 15 minutes to die.

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Her body was then
thrown on a dung hill

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as a sign of disrespect,
but after some days,

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it was rescued by her friends,
and they took off the hand.

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And for about 200 years, it was
kept in a little wooden box,

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and then it was put into
this reliquary and sealed in.

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I don't know that
any flesh could

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exist in those
circumstances for 400 years.

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I think it must be supernatural.

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Of all the world's
religious relics,

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the most studied is a length of
cloth kept at Turin in Italy.

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It's said to have wrapped
the body of Christ

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after he was crucified.

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And pilgrims have been
flocking to venerate

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it for more than 400 years.

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The search for the truth
about the Turin Shroud

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has caused bitter controversy
among scientists and believers.

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NARRATOR: The shroud
is considered so sacred

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that it's kept under top
security in a sealed box

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in Turin Cathedral.

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A mass is held in
its honor every year.

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The linen cloth is 14 feet long.

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The first certain record of
it dates to the Middle Ages,

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when it belonged to
a crusader knight.

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He put it on show,
and claimed it

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had wrapped the body of Christ.

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But there were
skeptics even then.

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Pope Clement VII dismissed
it as only a painting.

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But this man's work
restored believers' faith.

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In 1898, Secondo Pia took
a photograph of this,

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but in his darkroom,
this appeared.

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The negative image shook
the Christian world.

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To millions, it is the
true image of Christ.

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An International Center
in Turin is devoted

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to the study of the shroud.

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Its director is
professor Bruno Barbaris.

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The reason that we can be sure
that it was a crucified man

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is due to the fact that
this we have a lot of signs

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connected with the crucifixion.

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In particular, we
can see these wounds

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on the wrists which are
characteristic of the nail used

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for the crucifixion.

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We can see a lot
of blood, the blood

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coming down from the
wounds of the wrist

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and going along the arms.

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We have to understand that the
arms in the crucified position

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are vertical, and not in
this position, obviously.

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We see also some
other blood coming

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to some wounds on the front
and on the back of the head.

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they are due to a
crown of thorns.

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We can see also on the
back, and all of the back

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until the feet, a lot of
signs due to the flagellation.

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It was surely a
Roman flagellation,

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because the number of the
wounds are more than 120.

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On the contrary, the Jews'
flagellation stops at 39.

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There is a very, very
strong probability

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that this man, Jesus of Nazareth
as written in the Gospel,

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and the man of the shroud,
as we can see on this cloth,

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are the same person.

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NARRATOR: In 1978,
the Church allowed

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an international
team of scientists

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to study the shroud
at close quarters.

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To reveal its underside,
the sisters of Saint Joseph

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snipped it from its backing.

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With sticky tape, the
scientists lifted tiny fibers

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from the blood-like stains.

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A few precious samples were
sent to Dr. Walter McCrone.

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His Institute in
Chicago specializes

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in microscopic analysis.

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And McCrone knows as
much about blood stains

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as anyone else on Earth.

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In the search for truth,
he gave up Christmas Day

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to study the fibers.

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The first thing that I did
when I got the tapes back

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here to Chicago was
to take a look at them

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under the microscope.

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This is what one of
the shroud tapes.

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And the particles on
the individual fibers

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are apparent
immediately, particularly

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in bloodstained areas, there
are more of them there.

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I went to higher and
higher magnifications

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to be sure that I
was seeing everything

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that I needed to see,
and realized very

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soon that they were not blood.

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What I was seeing were very
fine particles, red, deep red

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in color.

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I'd seen this particular
substance many times before.

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I've worked a lot on
Rembrandt and Raphael

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imitations and other paintings.

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And this is just red ochre.

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NARRATOR: In order
to be sure, McCrone

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prepared two solutions, one
of his own dilute blood,

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the other of red ochre.

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He painted them
onto linen cloth,

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and prepared microscopic slides.

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First, he looked
at the real blood.

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When I look at this--
magnification right

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now it's about 800 times--
And I see on the surface

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of this blood-painted fibers
brownish smear of something

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that is not all small particles.

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00:11:32,110 --> 00:11:35,950
It's a continuous smeared
layer over the surface,

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and actually gluing, apparently,
several of these fibers

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together.

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I then decided to compare
this with this slide

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of a red ochre painted spot.

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I'm now looking at fibers that
look very different from those

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00:11:53,660 --> 00:11:57,330
from the blood-painted area.

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00:11:57,330 --> 00:12:03,610
These fibers all show
individual, tiny, very dark

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00:12:03,610 --> 00:12:06,700
little red particles, very,
very different from any

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smeared coating of the blood.

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They look, in other
words, exactly

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00:12:12,680 --> 00:12:15,510
like the fibers
and the particles

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00:12:15,510 --> 00:12:17,230
that I saw with the shroud.

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00:12:17,230 --> 00:12:21,740
I don't think I have any
doubt that the shroud, then,

215
00:12:21,740 --> 00:12:27,690
and the red ochre-painted
spots are identical.

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00:12:27,690 --> 00:12:29,070
And therefore, the
shroud is a painting.

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00:12:29,070 --> 00:12:34,780


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00:12:34,780 --> 00:12:37,890
NARRATOR: But the believers
would not be convinced.

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00:12:37,890 --> 00:12:41,580
10 years later, the Church
agreed to the ultimate test.

220
00:12:41,580 --> 00:12:44,200
Carbon-14 dating would
at last establish

221
00:12:44,200 --> 00:12:47,050
when the cloth was made.

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00:12:47,050 --> 00:12:49,690
But this meant doing
the unthinkable,

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cutting the sacred shroud.

224
00:12:51,360 --> 00:12:56,150


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Samples were sent
to laboratories

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00:12:57,950 --> 00:13:00,220
in three different countries.

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Their verdict was unanimous.

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00:13:02,760 --> 00:13:06,260
The shroud is medieval.

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00:13:06,260 --> 00:13:08,870
But establishing when
the Turin shroud was made

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00:13:08,870 --> 00:13:11,370
has still left one
question unanswered.

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How was the image created?

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00:13:14,800 --> 00:13:18,440
NARRATOR: In California, Sam
Pellicori thinks he knows.

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He is convinced that a real
corpse made the image, even

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if the body was not Christ's.

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The hypothesis is
that it's a result

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of a direct contact
between the skin

237
00:13:29,610 --> 00:13:31,840
of the corpse and the linen.

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00:13:31,840 --> 00:13:36,940
The skin of the corpse contains
perspiration and body oils,

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00:13:36,940 --> 00:13:40,170
and I believe these helped
stimulate the yellowing,

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00:13:40,170 --> 00:13:41,170
the degradation, of the linen.

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00:14:00,840 --> 00:14:04,510
I tested the theory by
employing a student to work

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00:14:04,510 --> 00:14:06,900
up a good, healthy sweat.

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00:14:06,900 --> 00:14:11,570
This produces the body oils
and perspiration products that

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00:14:11,570 --> 00:14:15,560
a stressed body would produced.

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00:14:15,560 --> 00:14:20,670
And lightly applying
the linen to the skin,

247
00:14:20,670 --> 00:14:25,030
and the linen picks up
a very minute amount

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00:14:25,030 --> 00:14:29,270
of the perspiration or oils.

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00:14:29,270 --> 00:14:32,940
And in the case of the shroud,
this [INAUDIBLE] image press

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00:14:32,940 --> 00:14:37,310
took tens of years to
develop and become visible.

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00:14:37,310 --> 00:14:39,800
What I'm doing here
with this experiment

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00:14:39,800 --> 00:14:43,280
is accelerating that
naturally occurring process.

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00:14:43,280 --> 00:14:47,120
The yellowing of cellulose is
a naturally occurring process.

254
00:14:47,120 --> 00:14:50,440
It does not require the
presence of pigments or

255
00:14:50,440 --> 00:14:53,090
any other artistic application.

256
00:14:53,090 --> 00:14:58,320
We have applied well
known cellulose chemistry,

257
00:14:58,320 --> 00:15:00,270
and it seems to fit.

258
00:15:00,270 --> 00:15:02,170
It seems to fit very well.

259
00:15:02,170 --> 00:15:07,590
This appears to be the beard,
his eyes, and his hair.

260
00:15:07,590 --> 00:15:11,320


261
00:15:11,320 --> 00:15:13,805
I think we solved at least one
of the mysteries of the shroud

262
00:15:13,805 --> 00:15:16,220
of Turin, probably the
most fascinating one,

263
00:15:16,220 --> 00:15:18,600
namely how the
image was produced.

264
00:15:18,600 --> 00:15:24,520


265
00:15:24,520 --> 00:15:25,990
NARRATOR: On the
other side of America,

266
00:15:25,990 --> 00:15:28,200
shroud skeptics
need only a plaster

267
00:15:28,200 --> 00:15:32,320
face, a wet linen cloth,
and some nifty fingerwork.

268
00:15:32,320 --> 00:15:37,130
The fingers belong to university
lecturer John Nickell.

269
00:15:37,130 --> 00:15:39,890
So even just in
a moment's work,

270
00:15:39,890 --> 00:15:43,100
we've begun to see
what it looks like.

271
00:15:43,100 --> 00:15:47,620
And then we keep
working it as it dries.

272
00:15:47,620 --> 00:15:50,720
Once the cloth is
thoroughly dry,

273
00:15:50,720 --> 00:15:54,050
we can now take the pigment,
which we've prepared

274
00:15:54,050 --> 00:15:58,840
from red iron
oxide, and we simply

275
00:15:58,840 --> 00:16:02,780
apply this to the high spots.

276
00:16:02,780 --> 00:16:07,070
As we apply the pigment,
we see the prominences

277
00:16:07,070 --> 00:16:12,360
is becoming darkened, and the
deeper recesses are missed.

278
00:16:12,360 --> 00:16:16,560
This will begin now to
make a negative image.

279
00:16:16,560 --> 00:16:19,710
These materials are exactly what
a forger working in the middle

280
00:16:19,710 --> 00:16:23,070
of the 14th century would have
had available-- a bas-relief,

281
00:16:23,070 --> 00:16:25,920
cloth in the herringbone
tool pattern,

282
00:16:25,920 --> 00:16:30,770
a simple dauber, and some earth
pigments, iron earth pigments.

283
00:16:30,770 --> 00:16:34,150
Certainly, this is a
plausible explanation

284
00:16:34,150 --> 00:16:35,510
for the shroud image.

285
00:16:35,510 --> 00:16:38,930
This is what we end up with.

286
00:16:38,930 --> 00:16:42,650
Of course, it's
still taking on some

287
00:16:42,650 --> 00:16:48,990
of the shape of the relief,
but that's the image.

288
00:16:48,990 --> 00:16:52,020
Now, when we take a
photograph of this

289
00:16:52,020 --> 00:16:57,250
and reverse the negative, we
reverse the darks and lights,

290
00:16:57,250 --> 00:17:00,920
and this is what we get,
the shroud photographed.

291
00:17:00,920 --> 00:17:10,339


292
00:17:10,339 --> 00:17:12,050
NARRATOR: On New
York's 9th Avenue,

293
00:17:12,050 --> 00:17:13,839
retired chemist
Raymond Drakoff is

294
00:17:13,839 --> 00:17:17,430
about to put his own shroud
making theory to the test.

295
00:17:17,430 --> 00:17:20,470
The requirements are
a bronze bust of Dante

296
00:17:20,470 --> 00:17:21,970
and a friendly Italian baker.

297
00:17:21,970 --> 00:17:28,830


298
00:17:28,830 --> 00:17:30,590
How you doing Ray?

299
00:17:30,590 --> 00:17:31,356
I got everything ready.

300
00:17:31,356 --> 00:17:32,056
Come on in.

301
00:17:32,056 --> 00:17:34,331


302
00:17:34,331 --> 00:17:35,030
Follow me.

303
00:17:35,030 --> 00:17:39,310


304
00:17:39,310 --> 00:17:43,330
OK, Ray, so what
are you gonna do?

305
00:17:43,330 --> 00:17:46,170
I'm gonna try to
bake the statue.

306
00:17:46,170 --> 00:17:48,200
I'm gonna put in the
hot oven, heat it up

307
00:17:48,200 --> 00:17:51,540
to about 600 degrees, and
then we'll take it out,

308
00:17:51,540 --> 00:17:52,910
and we'll work on it from there.

309
00:17:52,910 --> 00:17:54,760
Throw them in the inferno.

310
00:17:54,760 --> 00:17:56,110
All right.

311
00:17:56,110 --> 00:17:58,022
600 degrees warm enough for you?

312
00:17:58,022 --> 00:18:01,070
I think it's gonna be
warm, least as a first try.

313
00:18:01,070 --> 00:18:02,214
OK.

314
00:18:02,214 --> 00:18:03,180
Want me to put it in for you?

315
00:18:03,180 --> 00:18:04,060
Yeah.

316
00:18:04,060 --> 00:18:04,760
Put it in.

317
00:18:04,760 --> 00:18:10,160


318
00:18:10,160 --> 00:18:11,700
Into the bowels of hell.

319
00:18:11,700 --> 00:18:12,400
Here you go.

320
00:18:12,400 --> 00:18:16,440


321
00:18:16,440 --> 00:18:22,830
The idea came from the fact
that the image is a negative.

322
00:18:22,830 --> 00:18:25,630
And obviously, these people
had no access to such things

323
00:18:25,630 --> 00:18:27,250
like photography.

324
00:18:27,250 --> 00:18:29,420
So the only way that
could have happened

325
00:18:29,420 --> 00:18:33,780
create an image was to
take a very hot statute,

326
00:18:33,780 --> 00:18:37,040
place a cloth on it,
and scorch the features.

327
00:18:37,040 --> 00:18:42,620
The statue that we have
selected has prominent features.

328
00:18:42,620 --> 00:18:46,580
It has an aquiline
nose, a strong jaw.

329
00:18:46,580 --> 00:18:51,410
And this would possibly be
easy to show on a cloth.

330
00:18:51,410 --> 00:18:52,297
Need the gloves?

331
00:18:52,297 --> 00:18:53,530
I could probably
use a glove, maybe.

332
00:18:53,530 --> 00:18:58,870


333
00:18:58,870 --> 00:19:01,140
Does it matter which
way you put the cloth on

334
00:19:01,140 --> 00:19:02,675
to get a different impression?

335
00:19:02,675 --> 00:19:03,390
No.

336
00:19:03,390 --> 00:19:04,090
No.

337
00:19:04,090 --> 00:19:05,080
Or the type of cloth?

338
00:19:05,080 --> 00:19:07,660
The type of cloth we try
to get as close as possible

339
00:19:07,660 --> 00:19:09,750
to the cloud that might have
been used in the holy land

340
00:19:09,750 --> 00:19:13,940
at the time, natural linen.
All right.

341
00:19:13,940 --> 00:19:15,030
Let's take it off.

342
00:19:15,030 --> 00:19:20,148


343
00:19:20,148 --> 00:19:22,040
OK.

344
00:19:22,040 --> 00:19:23,090
Another image.

345
00:19:23,090 --> 00:19:26,180
I think what we have to do
is to put it in the oven

346
00:19:26,180 --> 00:19:28,410
again, and run it
as hot as possible.

347
00:19:28,410 --> 00:19:32,609


348
00:19:32,609 --> 00:19:33,942
I think you're gonna
make history, Ray.

349
00:19:33,942 --> 00:19:37,110


350
00:19:37,110 --> 00:19:40,030
NARRATOR: This time,
Raymond uses a wet cloth.

351
00:19:40,030 --> 00:19:43,400
This'll be more
dramatic, because you

352
00:19:43,400 --> 00:19:45,762
will see the steam rising.

353
00:19:45,762 --> 00:19:49,610
It'll make for perhaps
a better image.

354
00:19:49,610 --> 00:19:52,640
The burning image of Christ.

355
00:19:52,640 --> 00:19:53,990
Looks like a death mask almost.

356
00:19:53,990 --> 00:19:55,700
That's what it's
supposed to be.

357
00:19:55,700 --> 00:19:57,070
Do you think it was
just corrupt bakers

358
00:19:57,070 --> 00:19:58,536
in the middle ages what
were doing this, or?

359
00:19:58,536 --> 00:19:59,600
Corrupt bakers.

360
00:19:59,600 --> 00:20:01,750
It could have been that.

361
00:20:01,750 --> 00:20:02,930
It could have been
statue-makers.

362
00:20:02,930 --> 00:20:05,300
Corrupt bakers from Turin, huh?

363
00:20:05,300 --> 00:20:07,100
All right.

364
00:20:07,100 --> 00:20:08,715
OK.
What do we get?

365
00:20:08,715 --> 00:20:11,500


366
00:20:11,500 --> 00:20:13,308
It's about the same image.

367
00:20:13,308 --> 00:20:15,750
OK.

368
00:20:15,750 --> 00:20:19,170
[INAUDIBLE] it's gonna be
easier if I show you down here,

369
00:20:19,170 --> 00:20:22,520
and we see the correspondence
of the features.

370
00:20:22,520 --> 00:20:27,560
The headband here, the
crest, eyebrow, the nose,

371
00:20:27,560 --> 00:20:29,400
the sallow cheeks,
which corresponds

372
00:20:29,400 --> 00:20:31,420
to that on the image of Christ.

373
00:20:31,420 --> 00:20:34,870
And the nose, the shape
of the scorch mark

374
00:20:34,870 --> 00:20:39,700
is close to the shape of
the nose as we see it.

375
00:20:39,700 --> 00:20:40,960
It looks like the
Shroud of Turin.

376
00:20:40,960 --> 00:20:42,690
It looks like the
Shroud of Turin.

377
00:20:42,690 --> 00:20:45,071
You sold me, Ray.

378
00:20:45,071 --> 00:20:46,070
It's the Shroud of 9th Avenue.

379
00:20:46,070 --> 00:20:48,760


380
00:20:48,760 --> 00:20:52,510
Even to science, the most
rational of disciplines,

381
00:20:52,510 --> 00:20:54,880
the blood of St.
Januarius presents

382
00:20:54,880 --> 00:20:55,880
an intriguing challenge.

383
00:20:55,880 --> 00:21:01,680


384
00:21:01,680 --> 00:21:03,570
NARRATOR: Twice a
year, city of Naples

385
00:21:03,570 --> 00:21:06,790
waits to learn its destiny.

386
00:21:06,790 --> 00:21:10,690
This vial is set to contain
the blood of St. Januarius,

387
00:21:10,690 --> 00:21:13,510
Naples' patron saint.

388
00:21:13,510 --> 00:21:16,420
In an anxious procession,
the Neapolitans

389
00:21:16,420 --> 00:21:19,190
carry the reliquary through
the streets of the city.

390
00:21:19,190 --> 00:21:22,390


391
00:21:22,390 --> 00:21:26,620
St. Januarius was beheaded
in the 4th century.

392
00:21:26,620 --> 00:21:29,460
According to legend,
his blood was saved,

393
00:21:29,460 --> 00:21:32,420
and has miraculous properties.

394
00:21:32,420 --> 00:21:34,760
Against all the
laws of science, it

395
00:21:34,760 --> 00:21:38,100
can turn from solid to liquid.

396
00:21:38,100 --> 00:21:41,830
The faithful dread the
times the miracle fails.

397
00:21:41,830 --> 00:21:44,700
In history, disaster
has followed--

398
00:21:44,700 --> 00:21:47,484
plague, pestilence, and famine.

399
00:21:47,484 --> 00:21:51,356


400
00:21:51,356 --> 00:21:52,808
[SPEAKING LATIN]

401
00:21:52,808 --> 00:21:55,712


402
00:21:55,712 --> 00:21:58,490
NARRATOR: The blood
stays clotted.

403
00:21:58,490 --> 00:22:00,362
The tension rises.

404
00:22:00,362 --> 00:22:02,772
[SPEAKING LATIN]

405
00:22:02,772 --> 00:22:09,050


406
00:22:09,050 --> 00:22:12,000
Doctors and chemists know
that when blood is poured

407
00:22:12,000 --> 00:22:14,700
into a container,
it's impossible for it

408
00:22:14,700 --> 00:22:18,330
to liquefy and solidify
over and over again.

409
00:22:18,330 --> 00:22:23,040
So either the blood of St.
Januarius really is miraculous,

410
00:22:23,040 --> 00:22:25,550
or there's some
other explanation.

411
00:22:25,550 --> 00:22:27,330
NARRATOR: Two scientists,
Luigi Garlaschelli

412
00:22:27,330 --> 00:22:30,000
and Sergio Della Sala,
believe they found

413
00:22:30,000 --> 00:22:32,050
the answer over a hamburger.

414
00:22:32,050 --> 00:22:34,380
They claim the blood
is thixotropic.

415
00:22:34,380 --> 00:22:36,180
They'd seen something
similar in the cafe.

416
00:22:36,180 --> 00:22:42,600
The first thing that crossed
our mind is ketchup sauce.

417
00:22:42,600 --> 00:22:45,710
As you can see,
ketchup is solid.

418
00:22:45,710 --> 00:22:48,640
And if you think what you
have to do when you use it,

419
00:22:48,640 --> 00:22:51,290
you don't just pour it,
as you do with water.

420
00:22:51,290 --> 00:22:56,330
You vibrate it or mechanically
agitate it until it becomes

421
00:22:56,330 --> 00:23:02,190
more fluid, until when you can
use it on the top of your pizza

422
00:23:02,190 --> 00:23:03,880
or on your hamburger.

423
00:23:03,880 --> 00:23:06,665
And if you let it
stand for a while,

424
00:23:06,665 --> 00:23:09,430
it will resolidify again.

425
00:23:09,430 --> 00:23:13,980
I had to try to find out
what thixotropic solution

426
00:23:13,980 --> 00:23:18,060
or substances I could
use, and possibly

427
00:23:18,060 --> 00:23:20,580
using medieval materials.

428
00:23:20,580 --> 00:23:24,880
I just wanted to have my
personal miracle in my lab.

429
00:23:24,880 --> 00:23:27,200
NARRATOR: Garlaschelli
began with a simple solution

430
00:23:27,200 --> 00:23:30,030
of ferric chloride and water.

431
00:23:30,030 --> 00:23:33,210
Ferric chloride now is a very
cheap and common chemical.

432
00:23:33,210 --> 00:23:36,115
You can buy it in a drug store.

433
00:23:36,115 --> 00:23:38,040
But in the Middle
Ages, the only place

434
00:23:38,040 --> 00:23:41,950
where you can find it in
nature was in active volcanoes,

435
00:23:41,950 --> 00:23:42,855
like, for example, Mt.

436
00:23:42,855 --> 00:23:44,980
Vesuvius.

437
00:23:44,980 --> 00:23:47,690
NARRATOR: He added crushed
eggshell, the medieval version

438
00:23:47,690 --> 00:23:50,520
of calcium carbonate,
then purified

439
00:23:50,520 --> 00:23:55,460
the solution through a bladder,
and left it to evaporate.

440
00:23:55,460 --> 00:23:58,520
What happens is that this
solution after a while

441
00:23:58,520 --> 00:24:05,230
will become gel, like
this, for example.

442
00:24:05,230 --> 00:24:06,190
it's thick gel.

443
00:24:06,190 --> 00:24:11,285
You can turn it upside
down, and it's solid.

444
00:24:11,285 --> 00:24:19,310
But once it's shaken,
it will become fluid.

445
00:24:19,310 --> 00:24:21,680
And more and more fluid.

446
00:24:21,680 --> 00:24:24,481
And I had reproduced
a miracle in my lab,

447
00:24:24,481 --> 00:24:25,180
a miracle of science.

448
00:24:25,180 --> 00:24:28,750


449
00:24:28,750 --> 00:24:30,860
NARRATOR: The miracle
of God is more elusive.

450
00:24:30,860 --> 00:24:36,740


451
00:24:36,740 --> 00:24:39,420
But after two days of
prayer, the Neapolitans'

452
00:24:39,420 --> 00:24:41,170
patience is finally rewarded.

453
00:24:41,170 --> 00:24:47,086


454
00:24:47,086 --> 00:24:49,551
[SPEAKING ITALIAN]

455
00:24:49,551 --> 00:24:54,980


456
00:24:54,980 --> 00:24:59,450
NARRATOR: Naples can rest
easy till the next time.

457
00:24:59,450 --> 00:25:01,500
I've been wary of
miracles since I

458
00:25:01,500 --> 00:25:03,410
heard the following story.

459
00:25:03,410 --> 00:25:06,100
Not long ago, people in
this part of the world

460
00:25:06,100 --> 00:25:08,850
rushed to buy water
from a miraculous

461
00:25:08,850 --> 00:25:11,425
spring bubbling up in the sea.

462
00:25:11,425 --> 00:25:14,190
Only later did
scientific tests reveal

463
00:25:14,190 --> 00:25:17,870
the stomach-churning
truth-- the holy water

464
00:25:17,870 --> 00:25:21,450
came from a broken sewage pipe.

465
00:25:21,450 --> 00:25:25,250
As for religious relics, I
believe that most are fakes,

466
00:25:25,250 --> 00:25:28,100
but many are perfectly genuine.

467
00:25:28,100 --> 00:25:29,840
It doesn't really matter.

468
00:25:29,840 --> 00:25:33,340
For true believers,
they'll work anyway.

469
00:25:33,340 --> 00:26:06,067