1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:00,994 2 00:00:00,994 --> 00:00:18,389 [THEME MUSIC] 3 00:00:18,389 --> 00:00:23,042 There was a blue flame coming from his stomach. 4 00:00:23,042 --> 00:00:26,930 About four inch slit in his stomach. 5 00:00:26,930 --> 00:00:31,630 And it was making noise like a blowhorn-- bzzz. 6 00:00:31,630 --> 00:00:33,130 NARRATOR: Did this fireman witness 7 00:00:33,130 --> 00:00:37,650 a case of spontaneous human combustion? 8 00:00:37,650 --> 00:00:40,320 For more than 40 years, this American physician 9 00:00:40,320 --> 00:00:44,420 has been trying to discover the truth about his mother's death. 10 00:00:44,420 --> 00:00:49,340 How was Mary Reeser reduced to ashes? 11 00:00:49,340 --> 00:00:53,300 This log cabin remained unsinged while inside, a retired fireman 12 00:00:53,300 --> 00:00:55,100 was consumed by flames. 13 00:00:55,100 --> 00:01:00,110 Was George Mott also a case of spontaneous human combustion? 14 00:01:00,110 --> 00:01:03,110 Mysteries from the files of Arthur C. Clarke, 15 00:01:03,110 --> 00:01:08,070 author of 2001 and inventor of the communication satellite. 16 00:01:08,070 --> 00:01:11,020 Now in retreat in Sri Lanka, he ponders the riddles 17 00:01:11,020 --> 00:01:13,956 of this and other worlds. 18 00:01:13,956 --> 00:01:36,864 [THEME MUSIC] 19 00:01:36,864 --> 00:01:40,197 [FIRE ALARM] 20 00:01:40,197 --> 00:01:41,430 ARTHUR C. CLARKE: There's one mystery 21 00:01:41,430 --> 00:01:43,750 I'm asked about more than any other-- 22 00:01:43,750 --> 00:01:46,390 spontaneous human combustion. 23 00:01:46,390 --> 00:01:48,440 Fires, of course, are all too common 24 00:01:48,440 --> 00:01:50,890 but occasionally brigades, like this one 25 00:01:50,890 --> 00:01:54,740 near my home in Colombo, are called out to deal with cases 26 00:01:54,740 --> 00:01:57,460 which baffle even the experts. 27 00:01:57,460 --> 00:01:59,780 Apparently, for no reason, people have 28 00:01:59,780 --> 00:02:02,260 suddenly burst into flames. 29 00:02:02,260 --> 00:02:06,480 Their bodies are almost totally consumed, yet amazingly, 30 00:02:06,480 --> 00:02:10,090 their surroundings are barely singed. 31 00:02:10,090 --> 00:02:14,330 When I first investigated spontaneous human combustion, 32 00:02:14,330 --> 00:02:19,192 the explanations seemed even more fantastic than the facts. 33 00:02:19,192 --> 00:02:21,390 However, new evidence has now emerged 34 00:02:21,390 --> 00:02:25,170 so I'm returning, rather reluctantly, to this most 35 00:02:25,170 --> 00:02:26,175 gruesome of mysteries. 36 00:02:26,175 --> 00:02:35,950 37 00:02:35,950 --> 00:02:38,030 ROBERT POLK: And it still is a mystery. 38 00:02:38,030 --> 00:02:41,670 We talk about the case today, just like we did 20 39 00:02:41,670 --> 00:02:44,600 years ago when I first started. 40 00:02:44,600 --> 00:02:49,200 And even in 1951, when the incident occurred. 41 00:02:49,200 --> 00:02:52,910 A great deal of speculation, a great deal of conjecture. 42 00:02:52,910 --> 00:02:56,900 Everybody has an angle, but nobody has the answer. 43 00:02:56,900 --> 00:02:59,010 NARRATOR: The bizarre death of this man's mother 44 00:02:59,010 --> 00:03:01,380 has kept Florida talking for 40 years. 45 00:03:01,380 --> 00:03:03,990 46 00:03:03,990 --> 00:03:06,190 In the bedroom of her wooden bungalow, 47 00:03:06,190 --> 00:03:09,490 on that fateful summer night in 1951, 48 00:03:09,490 --> 00:03:12,080 Mary Reeser kissed her son Richard goodbye. 49 00:03:12,080 --> 00:03:14,930 50 00:03:14,930 --> 00:03:17,967 To the young physician, everything seemed normal. 51 00:03:17,967 --> 00:03:24,440 52 00:03:24,440 --> 00:03:26,900 RICHARD REESER: At 8 o'clock, I remember the landlady 53 00:03:26,900 --> 00:03:30,430 who called me and said that there 54 00:03:30,430 --> 00:03:32,410 had been a terrible accident. 55 00:03:32,410 --> 00:03:36,980 She didn't go into details, and that I was to come right down. 56 00:03:36,980 --> 00:03:40,910 And across the way, when we came down, 57 00:03:40,910 --> 00:03:45,200 there where painters painting the house across the street. 58 00:03:45,200 --> 00:03:47,940 And they were totally unaware that anything 59 00:03:47,940 --> 00:03:51,350 that happened in the apartment. 60 00:03:51,350 --> 00:03:54,390 I was prevented from going in the room by, I believe, 61 00:03:54,390 --> 00:03:59,530 the fire chief, who said that I shouldn't see what is inside. 62 00:03:59,530 --> 00:04:02,010 So I didn't go in. 63 00:04:02,010 --> 00:04:05,066 Of course, I later saw what it was, 64 00:04:05,066 --> 00:04:12,580 what the picture was from photographs and descriptions. 65 00:04:12,580 --> 00:04:15,130 My recollection is that I entered the apartment 66 00:04:15,130 --> 00:04:17,440 at the fire scene with a hand-pump, which 67 00:04:17,440 --> 00:04:22,220 is a small tank of water that is maneuverable by hand 68 00:04:22,220 --> 00:04:24,840 for interior extinguishment. 69 00:04:24,840 --> 00:04:28,140 And noticing a pile of debris in the center of the room, 70 00:04:28,140 --> 00:04:30,140 I started to squirt it and was stopped 71 00:04:30,140 --> 00:04:34,660 immediately by other people who had preceded me into the room. 72 00:04:34,660 --> 00:04:37,140 It turns out that it was not just 73 00:04:37,140 --> 00:04:42,020 debris, but part of a corpse, of the lady who had been burned 74 00:04:42,020 --> 00:04:44,400 to death, unbeknownst to me. 75 00:04:44,400 --> 00:04:48,180 It was just her foot and a shoe, was all that I 76 00:04:48,180 --> 00:04:50,880 recall seeing ever there. 77 00:04:50,880 --> 00:04:55,560 It was an incredible, unexplainable thing to me then 78 00:04:55,560 --> 00:04:58,720 and is still now. 79 00:04:58,720 --> 00:05:03,280 RICHARD REESER: She was consumed almost completely. 80 00:05:03,280 --> 00:05:08,660 Just what remained was a heel of her left foot, 81 00:05:08,660 --> 00:05:11,960 and just a piece of the skull. 82 00:05:11,960 --> 00:05:14,960 Plus a little ash remains of her body. 83 00:05:14,960 --> 00:05:16,315 Everything had been consumed. 84 00:05:16,315 --> 00:05:19,890 85 00:05:19,890 --> 00:05:27,220 The room was covered with a, sort of a smoky, oily ash 86 00:05:27,220 --> 00:05:30,000 up to the level of about four feet. 87 00:05:30,000 --> 00:05:33,620 Completely around, but that was it. 88 00:05:33,620 --> 00:05:35,840 The bed that had been turned down 89 00:05:35,840 --> 00:05:43,850 was undisturbed and ready, as if it were ready to be slept in. 90 00:05:43,850 --> 00:05:50,500 And the clock that was nearby had stopped running 91 00:05:50,500 --> 00:05:53,085 at about 4:20 in the morning. 92 00:05:53,085 --> 00:05:56,950 I believe Ms. Reeser was known to be a smoker, 93 00:05:56,950 --> 00:05:59,600 so there was some speculation that possibly she 94 00:05:59,600 --> 00:06:02,890 dozed off or dropped a cigarette on her clothing, which 95 00:06:02,890 --> 00:06:04,950 initially started the fire, but that 96 00:06:04,950 --> 00:06:10,830 still doesn't speak to how this total consumption occurred. 97 00:06:10,830 --> 00:06:13,090 We have had many, many cases where people have 98 00:06:13,090 --> 00:06:16,200 fallen asleep smoking, burn their clothes, 99 00:06:16,200 --> 00:06:17,680 in fact burned themselves. 100 00:06:17,680 --> 00:06:19,760 And unfortunately succumbed to the fire, 101 00:06:19,760 --> 00:06:22,030 but never anything like this. 102 00:06:22,030 --> 00:06:24,610 I believe there probably was some type 103 00:06:24,610 --> 00:06:26,570 of external ignition source. 104 00:06:26,570 --> 00:06:30,490 Now what that was, I couldn't begin to speculate. 105 00:06:30,490 --> 00:06:34,390 But I think, in my mind, what happened, 106 00:06:34,390 --> 00:06:39,560 Ms. Reeser's body began to burn, much like when we cook food, 107 00:06:39,560 --> 00:06:43,330 and you can essentially cook food down to nothing 108 00:06:43,330 --> 00:06:45,300 by applying the proper amounts of heat 109 00:06:45,300 --> 00:06:48,610 over the proper period of time. 110 00:06:48,610 --> 00:06:51,470 Unusual as that may seem, I think 111 00:06:51,470 --> 00:06:55,710 the human body in this case actually became a fuel for fire 112 00:06:55,710 --> 00:07:01,130 as opposed to just the recipient of heat related injury. 113 00:07:01,130 --> 00:07:06,050 The possibility of it being spontaneous combustion 114 00:07:06,050 --> 00:07:08,960 arose, and was written. 115 00:07:08,960 --> 00:07:13,960 Even all kinds of theories were brought 116 00:07:13,960 --> 00:07:17,600 out, such as even lightening that came to an open window. 117 00:07:17,600 --> 00:07:21,970 118 00:07:21,970 --> 00:07:27,610 But there was nothing concrete. 119 00:07:27,610 --> 00:07:32,290 And the fire people here had no explanation for it. 120 00:07:32,290 --> 00:07:34,340 No one had any explanation. 121 00:07:34,340 --> 00:07:37,900 And in looking back, I just think that no one ever 122 00:07:37,900 --> 00:07:42,300 knows how a person of her size and weight, 123 00:07:42,300 --> 00:07:47,000 I'm judging she weighed about 170 pounds, 124 00:07:47,000 --> 00:07:54,620 could be totally consumed by a fire that only 125 00:07:54,620 --> 00:07:57,910 involved a portion of her room. 126 00:07:57,910 --> 00:08:03,020 The chair, which was, of course, completely burned. 127 00:08:03,020 --> 00:08:06,370 All that was left were some springs that were found 128 00:08:06,370 --> 00:08:07,750 near the ashes of her body. 129 00:08:07,750 --> 00:08:13,980 130 00:08:13,980 --> 00:08:17,150 NARRATOR: Like Richard Reeser, this man, Jack Stacey, 131 00:08:17,150 --> 00:08:20,570 is still gripped by a fire from the past. 132 00:08:20,570 --> 00:08:23,020 On this spot in Lambeth, South London 133 00:08:23,020 --> 00:08:26,510 stood Auckland street, the scene of the strangest sight 134 00:08:26,510 --> 00:08:28,227 of his 30 years as a fireman. 135 00:08:28,227 --> 00:08:30,940 136 00:08:30,940 --> 00:08:33,929 The memory has brought him back to search the records 137 00:08:33,929 --> 00:08:35,225 at the fire brigades museum. 138 00:08:35,225 --> 00:08:38,730 139 00:08:38,730 --> 00:08:43,049 JACK STACEY: We got the call at about 20 past 5 in the morning, 140 00:08:43,049 --> 00:08:49,310 and when we arrived two or three minutes down the embankment, 141 00:08:49,310 --> 00:08:51,590 there were about half a dozen office 142 00:08:51,590 --> 00:08:55,610 cleaners outside this building. 143 00:08:55,610 --> 00:08:59,220 And they were pointing to the first floor and said, 144 00:08:59,220 --> 00:09:00,520 we think there's a fire in there. 145 00:09:00,520 --> 00:09:04,600 And sure enough there was a flickering blue flame coming 146 00:09:04,600 --> 00:09:06,520 from the upstairs window. 147 00:09:06,520 --> 00:09:09,040 When we got up the ladder to the, onto the first floor, 148 00:09:09,040 --> 00:09:13,050 there was a body, a man's body, laying on the stairs. 149 00:09:13,050 --> 00:09:19,700 And there was a blue flame coming from his stomach, 150 00:09:19,700 --> 00:09:23,590 about a four inch slit in his stomach, 151 00:09:23,590 --> 00:09:27,910 and it was making noise like a blowhorn-- bzzz. 152 00:09:27,910 --> 00:09:29,250 And it was about eight inches long. 153 00:09:29,250 --> 00:09:31,800 That was the first thing we saw. 154 00:09:31,800 --> 00:09:34,170 A man came up the ladder with a hose reel, 155 00:09:34,170 --> 00:09:37,730 and we actually put the hose reel inside the man's body, 156 00:09:37,730 --> 00:09:39,500 he was burning from the inside out. 157 00:09:39,500 --> 00:09:44,100 It was the most bizarre thing I've ever seen at a fire. 158 00:09:44,100 --> 00:09:46,070 I think this is why I remember it so vividly. 159 00:09:46,070 --> 00:09:50,730 I'd seen bodies in fires before, but you always, we've 160 00:09:50,730 --> 00:09:54,520 always been able to say this happened or that happened, 161 00:09:54,520 --> 00:09:55,890 or we know how this started. 162 00:09:55,890 --> 00:09:59,170 But this one, I'm afraid we didn't know, 163 00:09:59,170 --> 00:10:00,555 and we still don't know. 164 00:10:00,555 --> 00:10:03,720 And the cause of the fire is still unknown. 165 00:10:03,720 --> 00:10:05,490 The official cause of death by the coroner 166 00:10:05,490 --> 00:10:07,930 was in relation of fire fumes, suffocation 167 00:10:07,930 --> 00:10:10,810 due to inhalation of fire fumes. 168 00:10:10,810 --> 00:10:13,660 I have my doubts about that. 169 00:10:13,660 --> 00:10:15,940 I have my doubts about that. 170 00:10:15,940 --> 00:10:20,370 I think it is one of these human spontaneous combustion 171 00:10:20,370 --> 00:10:24,670 mysteries which we'll never solve at the moment. 172 00:10:24,670 --> 00:10:28,450 The moment the fire started, the evidence was destroyed. 173 00:10:28,450 --> 00:10:32,230 Fireman are used to things igniting spontaneously. 174 00:10:32,230 --> 00:10:35,750 For example, haystacks can generate enough heat 175 00:10:35,750 --> 00:10:38,740 by fermentation to catch fire. 176 00:10:38,740 --> 00:10:41,660 And I've even heard of a case in Britain of a laundry, which 177 00:10:41,660 --> 00:10:45,830 was razed to the ground when a pile of very dirty washing 178 00:10:45,830 --> 00:10:48,780 apparently went up in smoke on its own accord. 179 00:10:48,780 --> 00:10:51,750 But people spontaneously combusting 180 00:10:51,750 --> 00:10:53,650 is quite another matter. 181 00:10:53,650 --> 00:10:57,740 In earlier centuries, that old scapegoat, alcohol, 182 00:10:57,740 --> 00:11:02,230 was blamed by investigators and popular novelists. 183 00:11:02,230 --> 00:11:04,760 NARRATOR: The idea of spontaneous human combustion 184 00:11:04,760 --> 00:11:07,250 fascinated the Victorians. 185 00:11:07,250 --> 00:11:10,520 In Bleak House, Charles Dickens chose it to dispose 186 00:11:10,520 --> 00:11:11,520 of a troublesome character. 187 00:11:11,520 --> 00:11:14,110 188 00:11:14,110 --> 00:11:15,980 Popular belief linked the phenomenon 189 00:11:15,980 --> 00:11:18,980 with excessive drinking; and improving texts 190 00:11:18,980 --> 00:11:22,720 warn drunks that they run the risk of spontaneous combustion. 191 00:11:22,720 --> 00:11:25,050 Serious research was scarce. 192 00:11:25,050 --> 00:11:28,080 One sober report from Dr. Mackenzie Booth in Aberdeen, 193 00:11:28,080 --> 00:11:31,640 Scotland, couldn't explain how a soldier was found burned up 194 00:11:31,640 --> 00:11:34,420 in a hay loft, yet straw inches away 195 00:11:34,420 --> 00:11:36,800 was untouched by the flames. 196 00:11:36,800 --> 00:11:39,460 Despite increasingly lurid reports, 197 00:11:39,460 --> 00:11:43,720 science stood back until the 1960s. 198 00:11:43,720 --> 00:11:46,800 NARRATOR: Professor David Gee, then a young pathologist, 199 00:11:46,800 --> 00:11:49,480 was called in to investigate the mysterious death 200 00:11:49,480 --> 00:11:51,140 of an old person. 201 00:11:51,140 --> 00:11:52,810 She had fallen in the grate and been 202 00:11:52,810 --> 00:11:54,970 reduced to a pile of ashes. 203 00:11:54,970 --> 00:11:57,240 She had burned almost completely; 204 00:11:57,240 --> 00:12:00,360 only a fragment of flesh and bone remained. 205 00:12:00,360 --> 00:12:04,170 Professor Gee wanted to discover how this could have happened. 206 00:12:04,170 --> 00:12:08,230 He published an account of his audacious experiment. 207 00:12:08,230 --> 00:12:12,070 I thought if I made a model that, in one sense, 208 00:12:12,070 --> 00:12:16,050 reproduced a body, by using a glass test tube which would 209 00:12:16,050 --> 00:12:18,390 provide a sort of central firmness 210 00:12:18,390 --> 00:12:22,630 and then wrapping it around with some human fat, 211 00:12:22,630 --> 00:12:26,880 and then putting round that a number of layers of cloth, 212 00:12:26,880 --> 00:12:29,570 perhaps five or six layers to reproduce 213 00:12:29,570 --> 00:12:32,140 several different layers of clothing. 214 00:12:32,140 --> 00:12:36,830 And ignited one end of it with a gas Bunsen burner. 215 00:12:36,830 --> 00:12:41,310 It then burnt with a rather smoky flame, 216 00:12:41,310 --> 00:12:43,810 and it took about 3/4 of an hour to burn 217 00:12:43,810 --> 00:12:46,890 down about six inches of model. 218 00:12:46,890 --> 00:12:51,380 And what was left was a very blackened, 219 00:12:51,380 --> 00:12:54,770 charred remains that looked very similar to the body 220 00:12:54,770 --> 00:12:56,520 that I'd been examining. 221 00:12:56,520 --> 00:12:58,340 But it was like a candle, only instead 222 00:12:58,340 --> 00:13:01,730 of having, as candles do, a wick down the middle with the wax 223 00:13:01,730 --> 00:13:05,510 on the outside, this was really a candle 224 00:13:05,510 --> 00:13:08,110 of the wick on the outside and the combustible 225 00:13:08,110 --> 00:13:09,500 material on the inside. 226 00:13:09,500 --> 00:13:12,930 227 00:13:12,930 --> 00:13:14,870 NARRATOR: Today, Dr. Sivaloganathan 228 00:13:14,870 --> 00:13:18,370 leaves his local butchers with a bag full of pork. 229 00:13:18,370 --> 00:13:21,520 It's the material he needs to carry on experimenting 230 00:13:21,520 --> 00:13:23,310 where Professor Gee left off. 231 00:13:23,310 --> 00:13:29,070 232 00:13:29,070 --> 00:13:31,330 The question Dr. Siva wants to solve 233 00:13:31,330 --> 00:13:34,040 is why do the victim's surroundings 234 00:13:34,040 --> 00:13:37,140 not burn as they do? 235 00:13:37,140 --> 00:13:41,870 I've taken some pork, with a little muscle and some fat. 236 00:13:41,870 --> 00:13:45,190 I've rolled it in, into a cylinder, 237 00:13:45,190 --> 00:13:47,360 and then covered with a cloth. 238 00:13:47,360 --> 00:13:51,070 Now the idea being that the rolled up piece of meat 239 00:13:51,070 --> 00:13:55,970 would represent a human body and the cloth would then 240 00:13:55,970 --> 00:13:58,620 represent the clothing on it. 241 00:13:58,620 --> 00:14:03,520 When the fat melts, it would then soak into the cloth, 242 00:14:03,520 --> 00:14:06,770 and then that would continue to burn exactly like a candle, 243 00:14:06,770 --> 00:14:10,520 excepting in this case, the wick is on the outside of the fat as 244 00:14:10,520 --> 00:14:12,610 opposed to being in the middle. 245 00:14:12,610 --> 00:14:18,200 The bodies are found burned and almost ashed, 246 00:14:18,200 --> 00:14:22,280 with very little burning in the surroundings. 247 00:14:22,280 --> 00:14:24,040 And perhaps a little bit of the leg 248 00:14:24,040 --> 00:14:27,380 is left behind, with almost a fairly well 249 00:14:27,380 --> 00:14:31,300 marked line of demarcation. 250 00:14:31,300 --> 00:14:33,680 We want to know why the rest of the surroundings 251 00:14:33,680 --> 00:14:35,310 didn't go up in flames. 252 00:14:35,310 --> 00:14:40,350 We want to know why this progressive burning occurred. 253 00:14:40,350 --> 00:14:43,880 And this gives you, as a fairly good working model, 254 00:14:43,880 --> 00:14:46,300 as to how this whole process occurs. 255 00:14:46,300 --> 00:14:52,560 The slowness of the process, the lack of violence of the flames, 256 00:14:52,560 --> 00:14:56,040 proves to us that this is quite a feasible explanation 257 00:14:56,040 --> 00:14:58,430 for this phenomenon. 258 00:14:58,430 --> 00:15:01,610 I think essentially we will find that when the bodies burn 259 00:15:01,610 --> 00:15:04,000 in this sort of situation, it is only 260 00:15:04,000 --> 00:15:06,070 the melted fat that's burning. 261 00:15:06,070 --> 00:15:10,630 And therefore the melted fat most likely 262 00:15:10,630 --> 00:15:14,150 will continue to burn just about the same sort of level. 263 00:15:14,150 --> 00:15:17,900 So the flames are not splurting out all over the place. 264 00:15:17,900 --> 00:15:23,480 It is fairly well localized to a few inches around the body. 265 00:15:23,480 --> 00:15:25,500 That's what's happened. 266 00:15:25,500 --> 00:15:27,200 That's the skewer that I'm keeping 267 00:15:27,200 --> 00:15:29,540 in order to keep it stiff. 268 00:15:29,540 --> 00:15:32,380 269 00:15:32,380 --> 00:15:35,230 I don't think there's anything miraculous about it at all. 270 00:15:35,230 --> 00:15:39,470 I think it's perfectly logically explainable. 271 00:15:39,470 --> 00:15:42,340 So this experiment just shows that it is possible. 272 00:15:42,340 --> 00:15:44,570 I haven't really done a complete body, 273 00:15:44,570 --> 00:15:46,370 but this is the principle by which 274 00:15:46,370 --> 00:15:47,410 this whole phenomenon occurs. 275 00:15:47,410 --> 00:15:51,870 276 00:15:51,870 --> 00:15:53,480 NARRATOR: From the British Medical Journal 277 00:15:53,480 --> 00:15:56,890 comes a further clue in a report on a stomach operation 278 00:15:56,890 --> 00:15:58,610 by Jonathan Earnshaw. 279 00:15:58,610 --> 00:16:01,777 He was using electrical cutting equipment. 280 00:16:01,777 --> 00:16:03,510 DR. JONATHAN EARNSHAW: And when I opened the stomach 281 00:16:03,510 --> 00:16:06,500 with the electrocautery device, there was an explosion, 282 00:16:06,500 --> 00:16:09,110 and the gaseous contents of his stomach 283 00:16:09,110 --> 00:16:12,540 ignited and splattered stomach contents all over the ceiling 284 00:16:12,540 --> 00:16:14,870 light and on those who were surrounding 285 00:16:14,870 --> 00:16:15,970 the operating tables. 286 00:16:15,970 --> 00:16:17,850 It was all rather frightening at the time. 287 00:16:17,850 --> 00:16:20,640 And there was a blue flame, and a sort of thump. 288 00:16:20,640 --> 00:16:23,380 And in fact, the flame lasted for a second or two, 289 00:16:23,380 --> 00:16:25,290 and then stopped. 290 00:16:25,290 --> 00:16:26,960 As you can imagine, it's a pretty frightening sort 291 00:16:26,960 --> 00:16:28,690 of thing to happen to you when a patient 292 00:16:28,690 --> 00:16:30,640 expires on the operating table. 293 00:16:30,640 --> 00:16:33,660 And there was a stunned silence initially. 294 00:16:33,660 --> 00:16:35,560 And we then checked, we checked the patient, 295 00:16:35,560 --> 00:16:37,420 we checked all his vital signs, and we checked 296 00:16:37,420 --> 00:16:39,300 the inside of the stomach. 297 00:16:39,300 --> 00:16:41,660 And in fact, because the gases had been coming out 298 00:16:41,660 --> 00:16:43,860 of the stomach under pressure when they'd ignited, 299 00:16:43,860 --> 00:16:46,260 fortunately there was no damage to the patient, 300 00:16:46,260 --> 00:16:47,780 and we carried on with the operation 301 00:16:47,780 --> 00:16:50,440 and the patient did very well afterwards. 302 00:16:50,440 --> 00:16:53,090 But when we published the paper in the British Medical Journal, 303 00:16:53,090 --> 00:16:55,500 I then got a whole sheaf of letters 304 00:16:55,500 --> 00:16:58,930 from other doctors, particularly elderly doctors, 305 00:16:58,930 --> 00:17:01,630 who'd seen this occurrence on several occasions in the past. 306 00:17:01,630 --> 00:17:03,190 And there are some lovely letters here 307 00:17:03,190 --> 00:17:06,900 from surgeons and GPs, from a soldier 308 00:17:06,900 --> 00:17:10,040 who was under my care in 1941 who was rude enough to belch 309 00:17:10,040 --> 00:17:12,220 whilst lighting a cigarette and the resulting 310 00:17:12,220 --> 00:17:15,400 flashing explosion seriously disturbed his comrades. 311 00:17:15,400 --> 00:17:18,190 So obviously it's like a lot of things in medicine, 312 00:17:18,190 --> 00:17:20,210 we were only rediscovering what people 313 00:17:20,210 --> 00:17:22,000 have known about in the past. 314 00:17:22,000 --> 00:17:24,880 Organisms can proliferate and produce methane, 315 00:17:24,880 --> 00:17:26,740 which is obviously flammable. 316 00:17:26,740 --> 00:17:29,430 If you then ignite it with a spark like I did, 317 00:17:29,430 --> 00:17:31,660 then that's not spontaneous combustion, 318 00:17:31,660 --> 00:17:32,590 that's ordinary combustion. 319 00:17:32,590 --> 00:17:37,660 320 00:17:37,660 --> 00:17:39,680 NARRATOR: John Heymer developed his own theory 321 00:17:39,680 --> 00:17:42,000 about spontaneous human combustion, 322 00:17:42,000 --> 00:17:43,820 while he was scenes of crime officer 323 00:17:43,820 --> 00:17:46,050 with Gwent police in Wales. 324 00:17:46,050 --> 00:17:51,960 Two deaths, only three weeks and 15 miles apart, inspired him. 325 00:17:51,960 --> 00:17:53,760 JOHN HEYMER: It was the coincidence of the two cases 326 00:17:53,760 --> 00:17:55,120 that got me really going. 327 00:17:55,120 --> 00:17:57,730 You have the same pile of ashes, the burning was the same 328 00:17:57,730 --> 00:17:59,590 and the burn line went straight across from one 329 00:17:59,590 --> 00:18:00,350 leg to the other. 330 00:18:00,350 --> 00:18:03,260 That's what got me interested and started me on actually 331 00:18:03,260 --> 00:18:04,410 investigating the other cases. 332 00:18:04,410 --> 00:18:07,130 333 00:18:07,130 --> 00:18:11,090 NARRATOR: In the first case in January 1980 at Ebbw Vale, 334 00:18:11,090 --> 00:18:13,200 Sergeant Terry Russell was called 335 00:18:13,200 --> 00:18:19,650 to a house where a 73-year-old man had died in a fire. 336 00:18:19,650 --> 00:18:21,560 TERRY RUSSELL: My immediate thought 337 00:18:21,560 --> 00:18:28,080 on seeing the deceased was that this was not an ordinary death. 338 00:18:28,080 --> 00:18:32,900 There was no external damage, there were no windows broken. 339 00:18:32,900 --> 00:18:36,080 We entered the living room of the premises. 340 00:18:36,080 --> 00:18:40,930 It was a sight that will never, ever really leave me. 341 00:18:40,930 --> 00:18:44,780 I found it totally fascinating, although to the relatives 342 00:18:44,780 --> 00:18:49,395 it must have been really devastating and gruesome. 343 00:18:49,395 --> 00:18:53,940 Well, see here is a sketch I made just after the event 344 00:18:53,940 --> 00:18:58,095 actually, which shows the lack of damage 345 00:18:58,095 --> 00:19:01,780 to other materials in the room. 346 00:19:01,780 --> 00:19:04,230 This was the remains of a 73-year-old man 347 00:19:04,230 --> 00:19:10,030 who'd been reduced to ash on the floor of his living room. 348 00:19:10,030 --> 00:19:14,390 The pair of glasses were lying on the edge of the grate, 349 00:19:14,390 --> 00:19:17,700 totally undamaged and perfectly clean. 350 00:19:17,700 --> 00:19:21,850 The fire was out in the grate, the dead coals tidy. 351 00:19:21,850 --> 00:19:25,430 I had heard the term spontaneous human combustion, 352 00:19:25,430 --> 00:19:28,020 but never really given it much thought. 353 00:19:28,020 --> 00:19:31,490 Having seen the sight that I saw on that day, 354 00:19:31,490 --> 00:19:35,660 I now believe that this kind of thing is a possibility, 355 00:19:35,660 --> 00:19:37,980 and there's certainly some questions which 356 00:19:37,980 --> 00:19:40,850 haven't been answered to my satisfaction in relation 357 00:19:40,850 --> 00:19:42,041 to that death. 358 00:19:42,041 --> 00:19:45,810 359 00:19:45,810 --> 00:19:48,770 NARRATOR: The next case, only 27 days later, 360 00:19:48,770 --> 00:19:53,200 came at Newport, the county town. 361 00:19:53,200 --> 00:19:56,160 This time, an old woman had died. 362 00:19:56,160 --> 00:19:59,770 Inspector Colin Durham investigated. 363 00:19:59,770 --> 00:20:02,330 COLIN DURHAM: There was a report of a fatality 364 00:20:02,330 --> 00:20:06,790 as a result of a fire at a house here in Corporation Road. 365 00:20:06,790 --> 00:20:10,650 And this poor old lady, she was reduced 366 00:20:10,650 --> 00:20:17,760 to ashes, except for two lower parts of both legs. 367 00:20:17,760 --> 00:20:21,680 And, well this was amazing to me, 368 00:20:21,680 --> 00:20:25,910 to see a body in such a condition. 369 00:20:25,910 --> 00:20:28,420 The most abnormal thing about it was, that there was 370 00:20:28,420 --> 00:20:30,320 nothing in the room damaged. 371 00:20:30,320 --> 00:20:32,520 There's no doubt that it was a case 372 00:20:32,520 --> 00:20:36,720 of a human body catching fire, and it was called 373 00:20:36,720 --> 00:20:38,580 spontaneous human combustion. 374 00:20:38,580 --> 00:20:40,450 I have no doubt at all. 375 00:20:40,450 --> 00:20:43,840 But I eventually started thinking about it, 376 00:20:43,840 --> 00:20:48,450 and the difficulty was that your body's laden with water, 377 00:20:48,450 --> 00:20:52,620 the average 10 stone body contains 10 gallons of water, 378 00:20:52,620 --> 00:20:55,330 being reduced to ashes in circumstances 379 00:20:55,330 --> 00:20:58,250 where normal combustible material ceased to burn, 380 00:20:58,250 --> 00:21:00,890 now that is an impossibility. 381 00:21:00,890 --> 00:21:02,230 But it happened. 382 00:21:02,230 --> 00:21:08,310 I realized that the water must be the source of the fuel. 383 00:21:08,310 --> 00:21:11,530 NARRATOR: John Heymer believes that by some as yet unknown 384 00:21:11,530 --> 00:21:13,710 alchemy, water in the body can be 385 00:21:13,710 --> 00:21:16,870 split into oxygen and hydrogen to concoct 386 00:21:16,870 --> 00:21:19,480 a highly flammable mixture. 387 00:21:19,480 --> 00:21:24,730 Now, hydrogen burning in oxygen burns with a fierce blue flame 388 00:21:24,730 --> 00:21:26,420 and will cut through steel. 389 00:21:26,420 --> 00:21:29,230 And steel melts at 1,500 degrees Centigrade. 390 00:21:29,230 --> 00:21:34,050 Now that sort of flame could indeed reduce a corpse to ashes 391 00:21:34,050 --> 00:21:36,750 without releasing enough oxygen to sustain 392 00:21:36,750 --> 00:21:38,470 burning elsewhere in a room. 393 00:21:38,470 --> 00:21:40,730 And will also explain the lack of water. 394 00:21:40,730 --> 00:21:44,870 Now, I have no belief in spontaneous human combustion 395 00:21:44,870 --> 00:21:48,050 as a paranormal or supernatural event. 396 00:21:48,050 --> 00:21:51,570 It is an entirely natural event, the mechanism of which 397 00:21:51,570 --> 00:21:54,220 we do not yet understand. 398 00:21:54,220 --> 00:21:57,530 The scientists' rather stomach churning experiments 399 00:21:57,530 --> 00:22:01,820 show that most of these cases do have a rational explanation. 400 00:22:01,820 --> 00:22:03,780 There's usually some source of ignition 401 00:22:03,780 --> 00:22:06,390 near the victim, perhaps a cigarette or 402 00:22:06,390 --> 00:22:08,800 a faulty electrical appliance. 403 00:22:08,800 --> 00:22:11,000 Yet some cases still seem to defy 404 00:22:11,000 --> 00:22:15,380 explanation and leave me with a creepy and very unscientific 405 00:22:15,380 --> 00:22:16,660 feeling. 406 00:22:16,660 --> 00:22:21,000 If there's anything more to SHC, I simply don't want to know. 407 00:22:21,000 --> 00:22:24,360 408 00:22:24,360 --> 00:22:26,600 NARRATOR: In Ticonderoga in New York, 409 00:22:26,600 --> 00:22:28,664 the men of the volunteer fire brigade 410 00:22:28,664 --> 00:22:31,040 are still baffled by the untimely death 411 00:22:31,040 --> 00:22:31,970 of one of their number. 412 00:22:31,970 --> 00:22:36,240 413 00:22:36,240 --> 00:22:41,040 George Mott was a non-smoker, famously cautious about fire. 414 00:22:41,040 --> 00:22:48,560 Yet he burned to nothing in his log cabin in the woods in 1986. 415 00:22:48,560 --> 00:22:52,210 Kendall Mott used to get a call from his father every day. 416 00:22:52,210 --> 00:22:56,400 When the phone didn't ring, Kendall went to check on him. 417 00:22:56,400 --> 00:22:58,425 The door handle was warm when I grabbed the door handle. 418 00:22:58,425 --> 00:23:02,340 It was unlocked, so I knew right then I could, 419 00:23:02,340 --> 00:23:04,880 I opened the door, I could tell it wasn't-- all 420 00:23:04,880 --> 00:23:06,630 inside the house was black. 421 00:23:06,630 --> 00:23:09,320 Of course there's no lights because electricity was out, 422 00:23:09,320 --> 00:23:11,080 it was burnt out. 423 00:23:11,080 --> 00:23:13,870 So, I left, I knew something, you know, had happened 424 00:23:13,870 --> 00:23:15,167 but you couldn't see anything. 425 00:23:15,167 --> 00:23:16,500 So I went and called the state troopers, 426 00:23:16,500 --> 00:23:19,437 and Dick La Vallee came down. 427 00:23:19,437 --> 00:23:21,070 DICK LA VALLE: The first room that we walked into 428 00:23:21,070 --> 00:23:24,880 was nothing too much out of the ordinary, other 429 00:23:24,880 --> 00:23:30,180 than I couldn't help but notice as I looked around 430 00:23:30,180 --> 00:23:36,120 that the walls were slightly brownish colored, 431 00:23:36,120 --> 00:23:41,360 it appeared that the place had been subjected to intense heat. 432 00:23:41,360 --> 00:23:44,050 KENDALL MOTT: The TV was melted, you know, the guns on the wall 433 00:23:44,050 --> 00:23:46,750 were all charred, the refrigerator was all black. 434 00:23:46,750 --> 00:23:50,575 Everything was black, it was just like it'd really been hot, 435 00:23:50,575 --> 00:23:52,190 but hadn't quite burnt. 436 00:23:52,190 --> 00:23:59,670 In the bedroom itself, there was a single bed with a dresser 437 00:23:59,670 --> 00:24:03,520 adjacent to it, as I remember. 438 00:24:03,520 --> 00:24:08,960 And a mattress had been burned through, 439 00:24:08,960 --> 00:24:15,750 and the floor, which was wooden structure, below the bed, 440 00:24:15,750 --> 00:24:17,950 was burned through. 441 00:24:17,950 --> 00:24:22,860 And there were some fragments of bones and possibly a skull 442 00:24:22,860 --> 00:24:26,075 as I remember, lying on the floor beneath the bed. 443 00:24:26,075 --> 00:24:28,000 He hadn't smoked for quite awhile, 444 00:24:28,000 --> 00:24:29,510 and there was a sign on the door that 445 00:24:29,510 --> 00:24:31,760 said "no smoking in the house". 446 00:24:31,760 --> 00:24:35,680 Because he lost the use of one of his lungs a long time ago. 447 00:24:35,680 --> 00:24:37,920 All the signs indicated that there 448 00:24:37,920 --> 00:24:40,580 had been an extreme amount of heat, 449 00:24:40,580 --> 00:24:44,150 but nothing caused anything to ignite. 450 00:24:44,150 --> 00:24:48,670 And the only thing that had burned was George Mott's body. 451 00:24:48,670 --> 00:24:53,760 There was the theory of spontaneous combustion theory 452 00:24:53,760 --> 00:24:59,390 that possibly the body may have ignited itself 453 00:24:59,390 --> 00:25:02,540 for whatever reason, and consumed 454 00:25:02,540 --> 00:25:06,590 itself through extreme heat. 455 00:25:06,590 --> 00:25:09,050 Other than that, putting that aside, 456 00:25:09,050 --> 00:25:11,950 I don't think that there's too many 457 00:25:11,950 --> 00:25:15,430 other plausible explanations for it, that I can think of. 458 00:25:15,430 --> 00:25:16,900 Well he was a fireman for quite a while; 459 00:25:16,900 --> 00:25:20,895 he was pretty picky as to leaving things around. 460 00:25:20,895 --> 00:25:24,744 461 00:25:24,744 --> 00:25:26,995 I don't know, I don't think it was a fire, 462 00:25:26,995 --> 00:25:29,390 I just think it was like they said, spontaneous combustion, 463 00:25:29,390 --> 00:25:31,130 I don't see any other answer for it. 464 00:25:31,130 --> 00:25:32,680 [THEME MUSIC] 465 00:25:32,680 --> 00:26:03,800