1 00:00:03,600 --> 00:00:05,990 {\an1}when operation desert storm was launched 2 00:00:05,990 --> 00:00:06,000 {\an1}when operation desert storm was launched 3 00:00:06,000 --> 00:00:07,990 {\an1}when operation desert storm was launched in early 1991 4 00:00:07,990 --> 00:00:08,000 {\an1}in early 1991 5 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:10,549 {\an1}in early 1991 i was in a hotel room overlooking the 6 00:00:10,549 --> 00:00:10,559 {\an1}i was in a hotel room overlooking the 7 00:00:10,559 --> 00:00:12,470 {\an1}i was in a hotel room overlooking the las vegas strip 8 00:00:12,470 --> 00:00:12,480 {\an1}las vegas strip 9 00:00:12,480 --> 00:00:15,030 {\an1}las vegas strip and as the television played out live 10 00:00:15,030 --> 00:00:15,040 {\an1}and as the television played out live 11 00:00:15,040 --> 00:00:17,349 {\an1}and as the television played out live footage of the us-led invasion of the 12 00:00:17,349 --> 00:00:17,359 {\an1}footage of the us-led invasion of the 13 00:00:17,359 --> 00:00:20,070 {\an1}footage of the us-led invasion of the gulf i looked out of the window at the 14 00:00:20,070 --> 00:00:20,080 {\an1}gulf i looked out of the window at the 15 00:00:20,080 --> 00:00:23,189 {\an1}gulf i looked out of the window at the neon glow of the lights on the hotels 16 00:00:23,189 --> 00:00:23,199 {\an1}neon glow of the lights on the hotels 17 00:00:23,199 --> 00:00:26,390 {\an1}neon glow of the lights on the hotels and the casinos and reminded myself just 18 00:00:26,390 --> 00:00:26,400 {\an1}and the casinos and reminded myself just 19 00:00:26,400 --> 00:00:28,790 {\an1}and the casinos and reminded myself just how greedy the superpowers of the world 20 00:00:28,790 --> 00:00:28,800 {\an1}how greedy the superpowers of the world 21 00:00:28,800 --> 00:00:32,950 {\an1}how greedy the superpowers of the world had become for crude oil 22 00:00:32,950 --> 00:00:32,960 {\an1}had become for crude oil 23 00:00:32,960 --> 00:00:35,430 {\an1}had become for crude oil so it's no wonder that the us reacted 24 00:00:35,430 --> 00:00:35,440 {\an1}so it's no wonder that the us reacted 25 00:00:35,440 --> 00:00:38,310 {\an1}so it's no wonder that the us reacted with such immediacy and intensity when 26 00:00:38,310 --> 00:00:38,320 {\an1}with such immediacy and intensity when 27 00:00:38,320 --> 00:00:41,190 {\an1}with such immediacy and intensity when saddam hussein's iraq annexed their 28 00:00:41,190 --> 00:00:41,200 {\an1}saddam hussein's iraq annexed their 29 00:00:41,200 --> 00:00:44,229 {\an1}saddam hussein's iraq annexed their small oil rich neighbor q weight in a 30 00:00:44,229 --> 00:00:44,239 {\an1}small oil rich neighbor q weight in a 31 00:00:44,239 --> 00:00:46,470 {\an1}small oil rich neighbor q weight in a bid to gain control of the lucrative 32 00:00:46,470 --> 00:00:46,480 {\an1}bid to gain control of the lucrative 33 00:00:46,480 --> 00:00:48,470 {\an1}bid to gain control of the lucrative wells in the desert 34 00:00:48,470 --> 00:00:48,480 {\an1}wells in the desert 35 00:00:48,480 --> 00:00:50,950 {\an1}wells in the desert the response by coalition forces was 36 00:00:50,950 --> 00:00:50,960 {\an1}the response by coalition forces was 37 00:00:50,960 --> 00:00:53,590 {\an1}the response by coalition forces was swift and hugely successful 38 00:00:53,590 --> 00:00:53,600 {\an1}swift and hugely successful 39 00:00:53,600 --> 00:00:56,830 {\an1}swift and hugely successful it came as a cost to 40 00:00:56,830 --> 00:00:56,840 {\an1}it came as a cost to 41 00:00:56,840 --> 00:00:59,270 {\an1}it came as a cost to many where i looked up and there's five 42 00:00:59,270 --> 00:00:59,280 {\an1}many where i looked up and there's five 43 00:00:59,280 --> 00:01:02,389 {\an1}many where i looked up and there's five guys with guns pointed at my head 44 00:01:02,389 --> 00:01:02,399 {\an1}guys with guns pointed at my head 45 00:01:02,399 --> 00:01:04,469 {\an1}guys with guns pointed at my head i said oh i'm not dead 46 00:01:04,469 --> 00:01:04,479 {\an1}i said oh i'm not dead 47 00:01:04,479 --> 00:01:06,230 {\an1}i said oh i'm not dead no being dead it's a lot worse than 48 00:01:06,230 --> 00:01:06,240 {\an1}no being dead it's a lot worse than 49 00:01:06,240 --> 00:01:07,429 {\an1}no being dead it's a lot worse than being a prisoner and those were the only 50 00:01:07,429 --> 00:01:07,439 {\an1}being a prisoner and those were the only 51 00:01:07,439 --> 00:01:09,750 {\an1}being a prisoner and those were the only two choices at the time 52 00:01:09,750 --> 00:01:09,760 {\an1}two choices at the time 53 00:01:09,760 --> 00:01:11,750 {\an1}two choices at the time they put me in a back room 54 00:01:11,750 --> 00:01:11,760 {\an1}they put me in a back room 55 00:01:11,760 --> 00:01:13,510 {\an1}they put me in a back room last handcuffed and blindfolded with a 56 00:01:13,510 --> 00:01:13,520 {\an1}last handcuffed and blindfolded with a 57 00:01:13,520 --> 00:01:14,870 {\an1}last handcuffed and blindfolded with a bag i met 58 00:01:14,870 --> 00:01:14,880 {\an1}bag i met 59 00:01:14,880 --> 00:01:17,510 {\an1}bag i met and then i don't know the door slams 60 00:01:17,510 --> 00:01:17,520 {\an1}and then i don't know the door slams 61 00:01:17,520 --> 00:01:18,390 {\an1}and then i don't know the door slams open 62 00:01:18,390 --> 00:01:18,400 {\an1}open 63 00:01:18,400 --> 00:01:21,429 {\an1}open yeah my wall goes black 64 00:01:21,429 --> 00:01:21,439 {\an1}yeah my wall goes black 65 00:01:21,439 --> 00:01:24,149 {\an1}yeah my wall goes black the gulf war was such a short conflict 66 00:01:24,149 --> 00:01:24,159 {\an1}the gulf war was such a short conflict 67 00:01:24,159 --> 00:01:26,550 {\an1}the gulf war was such a short conflict that it seems to have faded from memory 68 00:01:26,550 --> 00:01:26,560 {\an1}that it seems to have faded from memory 69 00:01:26,560 --> 00:01:29,030 {\an1}that it seems to have faded from memory but the political fallout still 70 00:01:29,030 --> 00:01:29,040 {\an1}but the political fallout still 71 00:01:29,040 --> 00:01:37,700 {\an1}but the political fallout still resonates today 72 00:01:37,700 --> 00:01:37,710 {\an1} 73 00:01:37,710 --> 00:01:42,230 {\an1} [Music] 74 00:01:42,230 --> 00:01:42,240 {\an1} 75 00:01:42,240 --> 00:01:45,990 {\an1}in february 1991 kuwait city was freed 76 00:01:45,990 --> 00:01:46,000 {\an1}in february 1991 kuwait city was freed 77 00:01:46,000 --> 00:01:47,910 {\an1}in february 1991 kuwait city was freed from the iraqi military 78 00:01:47,910 --> 00:01:47,920 {\an1}from the iraqi military 79 00:01:47,920 --> 00:01:50,550 {\an1}from the iraqi military in just a few short months a gargantuan 80 00:01:50,550 --> 00:01:50,560 {\an1}in just a few short months a gargantuan 81 00:01:50,560 --> 00:01:53,749 {\an1}in just a few short months a gargantuan coalition force spearheaded by the usa 82 00:01:53,749 --> 00:01:53,759 {\an1}coalition force spearheaded by the usa 83 00:01:53,759 --> 00:01:56,709 {\an1}coalition force spearheaded by the usa had been assembled deployed and won the 84 00:01:56,709 --> 00:01:56,719 {\an1}had been assembled deployed and won the 85 00:01:56,719 --> 00:01:59,830 {\an1}had been assembled deployed and won the gulf war in comprehensive fashion 86 00:01:59,830 --> 00:01:59,840 {\an1}gulf war in comprehensive fashion 87 00:01:59,840 --> 00:02:02,230 {\an1}gulf war in comprehensive fashion saddam hussein's troops had been driven 88 00:02:02,230 --> 00:02:02,240 {\an1}saddam hussein's troops had been driven 89 00:02:02,240 --> 00:02:09,330 {\an1}saddam hussein's troops had been driven back to baghdad 90 00:02:09,330 --> 00:02:09,340 {\an1} 91 00:02:09,340 --> 00:02:11,270 {\an1} [Music] 92 00:02:11,270 --> 00:02:11,280 {\an1}[Music] 93 00:02:11,280 --> 00:02:14,949 {\an1}[Music] the gulf war of 91 was the last time 94 00:02:14,949 --> 00:02:14,959 {\an1}the gulf war of 91 was the last time 95 00:02:14,959 --> 00:02:16,949 {\an1}the gulf war of 91 was the last time that i can recall 96 00:02:16,949 --> 00:02:16,959 {\an1}that i can recall 97 00:02:16,959 --> 00:02:19,750 {\an1}that i can recall that we really had a militarily 98 00:02:19,750 --> 00:02:19,760 {\an1}that we really had a militarily 99 00:02:19,760 --> 00:02:23,589 {\an1}that we really had a militarily achievable and measurable objective 100 00:02:23,589 --> 00:02:23,599 {\an1}achievable and measurable objective 101 00:02:23,599 --> 00:02:26,550 {\an1}achievable and measurable objective the goal was get all the iraqi forces 102 00:02:26,550 --> 00:02:26,560 {\an1}the goal was get all the iraqi forces 103 00:02:26,560 --> 00:02:28,309 {\an1}the goal was get all the iraqi forces out of kuwait 104 00:02:28,309 --> 00:02:28,319 {\an1}out of kuwait 105 00:02:28,319 --> 00:02:29,990 {\an1}out of kuwait it wasn't that we're going to go rebuild 106 00:02:29,990 --> 00:02:30,000 {\an1}it wasn't that we're going to go rebuild 107 00:02:30,000 --> 00:02:32,309 {\an1}it wasn't that we're going to go rebuild the streets of kuwait city it wasn't 108 00:02:32,309 --> 00:02:32,319 {\an1}the streets of kuwait city it wasn't 109 00:02:32,319 --> 00:02:35,030 {\an1}the streets of kuwait city it wasn't that we're going to instill democracy on 110 00:02:35,030 --> 00:02:35,040 {\an1}that we're going to instill democracy on 111 00:02:35,040 --> 00:02:37,350 {\an1}that we're going to instill democracy on anybody it was we're going to push the 112 00:02:37,350 --> 00:02:37,360 {\an1}anybody it was we're going to push the 113 00:02:37,360 --> 00:02:42,470 {\an1}anybody it was we're going to push the bad guys out of where they invaded 114 00:02:42,470 --> 00:02:42,480 {\an1} 115 00:02:42,480 --> 00:02:45,350 {\an1}the gulf war was beamed across the world 116 00:02:45,350 --> 00:02:45,360 {\an1}the gulf war was beamed across the world 117 00:02:45,360 --> 00:02:47,110 {\an1}the gulf war was beamed across the world and yet strangely it seems to have 118 00:02:47,110 --> 00:02:47,120 {\an1}and yet strangely it seems to have 119 00:02:47,120 --> 00:02:49,910 {\an1}and yet strangely it seems to have disappeared from most people's memories 120 00:02:49,910 --> 00:02:49,920 {\an1}disappeared from most people's memories 121 00:02:49,920 --> 00:02:51,910 {\an1}disappeared from most people's memories maybe that's because it was a relatively 122 00:02:51,910 --> 00:02:51,920 {\an1}maybe that's because it was a relatively 123 00:02:51,920 --> 00:02:54,309 {\an1}maybe that's because it was a relatively straightforward success with few allied 124 00:02:54,309 --> 00:02:54,319 {\an1}straightforward success with few allied 125 00:02:54,319 --> 00:02:55,750 {\an1}straightforward success with few allied casualties 126 00:02:55,750 --> 00:02:55,760 {\an1}casualties 127 00:02:55,760 --> 00:02:57,670 {\an1}casualties or perhaps it was overshadowed by the 128 00:02:57,670 --> 00:02:57,680 {\an1}or perhaps it was overshadowed by the 129 00:02:57,680 --> 00:02:59,910 {\an1}or perhaps it was overshadowed by the controversial iraq war in the same 130 00:02:59,910 --> 00:02:59,920 {\an1}controversial iraq war in the same 131 00:02:59,920 --> 00:03:02,390 {\an1}controversial iraq war in the same region just over a decade later 132 00:03:02,390 --> 00:03:02,400 {\an1}region just over a decade later 133 00:03:02,400 --> 00:03:04,229 {\an1}region just over a decade later but for the men and women who fought for 134 00:03:04,229 --> 00:03:04,239 {\an1}but for the men and women who fought for 135 00:03:04,239 --> 00:03:06,149 {\an1}but for the men and women who fought for the liberation of kuwait 136 00:03:06,149 --> 00:03:06,159 {\an1}the liberation of kuwait 137 00:03:06,159 --> 00:03:08,740 {\an1}the liberation of kuwait it will live long in the memory 138 00:03:08,740 --> 00:03:08,750 {\an1}it will live long in the memory 139 00:03:08,750 --> 00:03:10,550 {\an1}it will live long in the memory [Music] 140 00:03:10,550 --> 00:03:10,560 {\an1}[Music] 141 00:03:10,560 --> 00:03:12,470 {\an1}[Music] a lot of the families feel very 142 00:03:12,470 --> 00:03:12,480 {\an1}a lot of the families feel very 143 00:03:12,480 --> 00:03:13,990 {\an1}a lot of the families feel very forgotten they they do feel it's 144 00:03:13,990 --> 00:03:14,000 {\an1}forgotten they they do feel it's 145 00:03:14,000 --> 00:03:16,229 {\an1}forgotten they they do feel it's difficult more and they feel that the 146 00:03:16,229 --> 00:03:16,239 {\an1}difficult more and they feel that the 147 00:03:16,239 --> 00:03:17,830 {\an1}difficult more and they feel that the sacrifice of their loved ones isn't 148 00:03:17,830 --> 00:03:17,840 {\an1}sacrifice of their loved ones isn't 149 00:03:17,840 --> 00:03:19,430 {\an1}sacrifice of their loved ones isn't remembered very well 150 00:03:19,430 --> 00:03:19,440 {\an1}remembered very well 151 00:03:19,440 --> 00:03:21,190 {\an1}remembered very well because to us 152 00:03:21,190 --> 00:03:21,200 {\an1}because to us 153 00:03:21,200 --> 00:03:23,430 {\an1}because to us we got back after the war and life went 154 00:03:23,430 --> 00:03:23,440 {\an1}we got back after the war and life went 155 00:03:23,440 --> 00:03:25,030 {\an1}we got back after the war and life went on as normal but for 156 00:03:25,030 --> 00:03:25,040 {\an1}on as normal but for 157 00:03:25,040 --> 00:03:26,630 {\an1}on as normal but for a whole bunch of families 158 00:03:26,630 --> 00:03:26,640 {\an1}a whole bunch of families 159 00:03:26,640 --> 00:03:29,990 {\an1}a whole bunch of families that just wasn't the case 160 00:03:29,990 --> 00:03:30,000 {\an1} 161 00:03:30,000 --> 00:03:33,670 {\an1}you learn how to be a prisoner of war 162 00:03:33,670 --> 00:03:33,680 {\an1}you learn how to be a prisoner of war 163 00:03:33,680 --> 00:03:35,270 {\an1}you learn how to be a prisoner of war you learn what it's like to be in 164 00:03:35,270 --> 00:03:35,280 {\an1}you learn what it's like to be in 165 00:03:35,280 --> 00:03:37,350 {\an1}you learn what it's like to be in solitary confinement 166 00:03:37,350 --> 00:03:37,360 {\an1}solitary confinement 167 00:03:37,360 --> 00:03:39,350 {\an1}solitary confinement and you have to learn to 168 00:03:39,350 --> 00:03:39,360 {\an1}and you have to learn to 169 00:03:39,360 --> 00:03:40,229 {\an1}and you have to learn to live 170 00:03:40,229 --> 00:03:40,239 {\an1}live 171 00:03:40,239 --> 00:03:42,470 {\an1}live pitch black half the time semi-pitch the 172 00:03:42,470 --> 00:03:42,480 {\an1}pitch black half the time semi-pitch the 173 00:03:42,480 --> 00:03:44,550 {\an1}pitch black half the time semi-pitch the other time freezing cold 174 00:03:44,550 --> 00:03:44,560 {\an1}other time freezing cold 175 00:03:44,560 --> 00:03:47,509 {\an1}other time freezing cold and you just have to manage your life 176 00:03:47,509 --> 00:03:47,519 {\an1}and you just have to manage your life 177 00:03:47,519 --> 00:03:49,830 {\an1}and you just have to manage your life but you're a military person who is 178 00:03:49,830 --> 00:03:49,840 {\an1}but you're a military person who is 179 00:03:49,840 --> 00:03:51,350 {\an1}but you're a military person who is attacking their country so they're not 180 00:03:51,350 --> 00:03:51,360 {\an1}attacking their country so they're not 181 00:03:51,360 --> 00:03:53,509 {\an1}attacking their country so they're not nice to you 182 00:03:53,509 --> 00:03:53,519 {\an1}nice to you 183 00:03:53,519 --> 00:03:56,710 {\an1}nice to you i do think the gulf war is a lesser 184 00:03:56,710 --> 00:03:56,720 {\an1}i do think the gulf war is a lesser 185 00:03:56,720 --> 00:03:59,270 {\an1}i do think the gulf war is a lesser known war i think half a million of our 186 00:03:59,270 --> 00:03:59,280 {\an1}known war i think half a million of our 187 00:03:59,280 --> 00:04:00,550 {\an1}known war i think half a million of our guys went 188 00:04:00,550 --> 00:04:00,560 {\an1}guys went 189 00:04:00,560 --> 00:04:01,990 {\an1}guys went but 190 00:04:01,990 --> 00:04:02,000 {\an1}but 191 00:04:02,000 --> 00:04:04,390 {\an1}but we really had a very low casualty rate 192 00:04:04,390 --> 00:04:04,400 {\an1}we really had a very low casualty rate 193 00:04:04,400 --> 00:04:06,229 {\an1}we really had a very low casualty rate and we're very successful 194 00:04:06,229 --> 00:04:06,239 {\an1}and we're very successful 195 00:04:06,239 --> 00:04:08,309 {\an1}and we're very successful and i think people like to talk about 196 00:04:08,309 --> 00:04:08,319 {\an1}and i think people like to talk about 197 00:04:08,319 --> 00:04:10,550 {\an1}and i think people like to talk about stuff that isn't successful they somehow 198 00:04:10,550 --> 00:04:10,560 {\an1}stuff that isn't successful they somehow 199 00:04:10,560 --> 00:04:12,550 {\an1}stuff that isn't successful they somehow think it'll sell better and maybe 200 00:04:12,550 --> 00:04:12,560 {\an1}think it'll sell better and maybe 201 00:04:12,560 --> 00:04:15,670 {\an1}think it'll sell better and maybe they're right the seeds of the gulf war 202 00:04:15,670 --> 00:04:15,680 {\an1}they're right the seeds of the gulf war 203 00:04:15,680 --> 00:04:17,830 {\an1}they're right the seeds of the gulf war were sown years before 204 00:04:17,830 --> 00:04:17,840 {\an1}were sown years before 205 00:04:17,840 --> 00:04:19,509 {\an1}were sown years before rising out of the ashes of another 206 00:04:19,509 --> 00:04:19,519 {\an1}rising out of the ashes of another 207 00:04:19,519 --> 00:04:21,780 {\an1}rising out of the ashes of another conflict that had raged in the region 208 00:04:21,780 --> 00:04:21,790 {\an1}conflict that had raged in the region 209 00:04:21,790 --> 00:04:24,150 {\an1}conflict that had raged in the region [Music] 210 00:04:24,150 --> 00:04:24,160 {\an1}[Music] 211 00:04:24,160 --> 00:04:27,670 {\an1}[Music] the iran iraq war lost most of the 1980s 212 00:04:27,670 --> 00:04:27,680 {\an1}the iran iraq war lost most of the 1980s 213 00:04:27,680 --> 00:04:29,110 {\an1}the iran iraq war lost most of the 1980s and the us and the uk were on the side 214 00:04:29,110 --> 00:04:29,120 {\an1}and the us and the uk were on the side 215 00:04:29,120 --> 00:04:31,510 {\an1}and the us and the uk were on the side of iraq because they were fighting iran 216 00:04:31,510 --> 00:04:31,520 {\an1}of iraq because they were fighting iran 217 00:04:31,520 --> 00:04:33,270 {\an1}of iraq because they were fighting iran which had come to power in 1979 with the 218 00:04:33,270 --> 00:04:33,280 {\an1}which had come to power in 1979 with the 219 00:04:33,280 --> 00:04:34,950 {\an1}which had come to power in 1979 with the revolution and was exporting islamic 220 00:04:34,950 --> 00:04:34,960 {\an1}revolution and was exporting islamic 221 00:04:34,960 --> 00:04:37,590 {\an1}revolution and was exporting islamic fundamentalism so iraq was our party in 222 00:04:37,590 --> 00:04:37,600 {\an1}fundamentalism so iraq was our party in 223 00:04:37,600 --> 00:04:38,580 {\an1}fundamentalism so iraq was our party in the conflict 224 00:04:38,580 --> 00:04:38,590 {\an1}the conflict 225 00:04:38,590 --> 00:04:39,749 {\an1}the conflict [Music] 226 00:04:39,749 --> 00:04:39,759 {\an1}[Music] 227 00:04:39,759 --> 00:04:41,990 {\an1}[Music] when it comes to an end it really 228 00:04:41,990 --> 00:04:42,000 {\an1}when it comes to an end it really 229 00:04:42,000 --> 00:04:44,790 {\an1}when it comes to an end it really struggles to rebuild its infrastructure 230 00:04:44,790 --> 00:04:44,800 {\an1}struggles to rebuild its infrastructure 231 00:04:44,800 --> 00:04:47,110 {\an1}struggles to rebuild its infrastructure because its economy is not doing so well 232 00:04:47,110 --> 00:04:47,120 {\an1}because its economy is not doing so well 233 00:04:47,120 --> 00:04:49,030 {\an1}because its economy is not doing so well the part of the reason it's not doing so 234 00:04:49,030 --> 00:04:49,040 {\an1}the part of the reason it's not doing so 235 00:04:49,040 --> 00:04:53,030 {\an1}the part of the reason it's not doing so well is that the price of oil globally 236 00:04:53,030 --> 00:04:53,040 {\an1}well is that the price of oil globally 237 00:04:53,040 --> 00:04:55,110 {\an1}well is that the price of oil globally is quite low and 238 00:04:55,110 --> 00:04:55,120 {\an1}is quite low and 239 00:04:55,120 --> 00:04:59,110 {\an1}is quite low and iraq blames kuwait and the uae for 240 00:04:59,110 --> 00:04:59,120 {\an1}iraq blames kuwait and the uae for 241 00:04:59,120 --> 00:05:02,469 {\an1}iraq blames kuwait and the uae for flooding the market with cheap oil for 242 00:05:02,469 --> 00:05:02,479 {\an1}flooding the market with cheap oil for 243 00:05:02,479 --> 00:05:05,029 {\an1}flooding the market with cheap oil for keeping the oil price down 244 00:05:05,029 --> 00:05:05,039 {\an1}keeping the oil price down 245 00:05:05,039 --> 00:05:07,990 {\an1}keeping the oil price down iraq's president saddam hussein 246 00:05:07,990 --> 00:05:08,000 {\an1}iraq's president saddam hussein 247 00:05:08,000 --> 00:05:09,830 {\an1}iraq's president saddam hussein had taken control of the ruling bath 248 00:05:09,830 --> 00:05:09,840 {\an1}had taken control of the ruling bath 249 00:05:09,840 --> 00:05:12,230 {\an1}had taken control of the ruling bath party in 1979 250 00:05:12,230 --> 00:05:12,240 {\an1}party in 1979 251 00:05:12,240 --> 00:05:14,710 {\an1}party in 1979 he'd suppressed his enemies and executed 252 00:05:14,710 --> 00:05:14,720 {\an1}he'd suppressed his enemies and executed 253 00:05:14,720 --> 00:05:17,350 {\an1}he'd suppressed his enemies and executed his rivals on the way to the top 254 00:05:17,350 --> 00:05:17,360 {\an1}his rivals on the way to the top 255 00:05:17,360 --> 00:05:20,150 {\an1}his rivals on the way to the top and now he had kuwait firmly in his 256 00:05:20,150 --> 00:05:20,160 {\an1}and now he had kuwait firmly in his 257 00:05:20,160 --> 00:05:23,029 {\an1}and now he had kuwait firmly in his sights 258 00:05:23,029 --> 00:05:23,039 {\an1} 259 00:05:23,039 --> 00:05:25,270 {\an1}iraq sees kuwait as part of its 260 00:05:25,270 --> 00:05:25,280 {\an1}iraq sees kuwait as part of its 261 00:05:25,280 --> 00:05:27,270 {\an1}iraq sees kuwait as part of its territory it regards the line in the 262 00:05:27,270 --> 00:05:27,280 {\an1}territory it regards the line in the 263 00:05:27,280 --> 00:05:29,029 {\an1}territory it regards the line in the sand almost literally drawn by the 264 00:05:29,029 --> 00:05:29,039 {\an1}sand almost literally drawn by the 265 00:05:29,039 --> 00:05:32,710 {\an1}sand almost literally drawn by the british in 1922 was not a real border 266 00:05:32,710 --> 00:05:32,720 {\an1}british in 1922 was not a real border 267 00:05:32,720 --> 00:05:34,469 {\an1}british in 1922 was not a real border and that it was entitled not least 268 00:05:34,469 --> 00:05:34,479 {\an1}and that it was entitled not least 269 00:05:34,479 --> 00:05:35,830 {\an1}and that it was entitled not least because the border meant that iraq had 270 00:05:35,830 --> 00:05:35,840 {\an1}because the border meant that iraq had 271 00:05:35,840 --> 00:05:37,990 {\an1}because the border meant that iraq had virtually no sea access no coastline 272 00:05:37,990 --> 00:05:38,000 {\an1}virtually no sea access no coastline 273 00:05:38,000 --> 00:05:39,510 {\an1}virtually no sea access no coastline felt the kuwait was part of iraqi 274 00:05:39,510 --> 00:05:39,520 {\an1}felt the kuwait was part of iraqi 275 00:05:39,520 --> 00:05:41,749 {\an1}felt the kuwait was part of iraqi territory moreover felt the kuwait had 276 00:05:41,749 --> 00:05:41,759 {\an1}territory moreover felt the kuwait had 277 00:05:41,759 --> 00:05:43,670 {\an1}territory moreover felt the kuwait had been suppressing the price of oil and 278 00:05:43,670 --> 00:05:43,680 {\an1}been suppressing the price of oil and 279 00:05:43,680 --> 00:05:46,629 {\an1}been suppressing the price of oil and that it owed iraq historically 280 00:05:46,629 --> 00:05:46,639 {\an1}that it owed iraq historically 281 00:05:46,639 --> 00:05:49,110 {\an1}that it owed iraq historically saddam hussein also accuses kuwait of 282 00:05:49,110 --> 00:05:49,120 {\an1}saddam hussein also accuses kuwait of 283 00:05:49,120 --> 00:05:52,230 {\an1}saddam hussein also accuses kuwait of stealing some of iraq's oil so one of 284 00:05:52,230 --> 00:05:52,240 {\an1}stealing some of iraq's oil so one of 285 00:05:52,240 --> 00:05:54,629 {\an1}stealing some of iraq's oil so one of the oil fields is on the border between 286 00:05:54,629 --> 00:05:54,639 {\an1}the oil fields is on the border between 287 00:05:54,639 --> 00:05:57,189 {\an1}the oil fields is on the border between kuwait and iraq and saddam hussein 288 00:05:57,189 --> 00:05:57,199 {\an1}kuwait and iraq and saddam hussein 289 00:05:57,199 --> 00:05:59,510 {\an1}kuwait and iraq and saddam hussein accuses kuwait of what we call side 290 00:05:59,510 --> 00:05:59,520 {\an1}accuses kuwait of what we call side 291 00:05:59,520 --> 00:06:02,469 {\an1}accuses kuwait of what we call side drilling or slant drilling into iraqi 292 00:06:02,469 --> 00:06:02,479 {\an1}drilling or slant drilling into iraqi 293 00:06:02,479 --> 00:06:05,350 {\an1}drilling or slant drilling into iraqi fields and taking their oil and this 294 00:06:05,350 --> 00:06:05,360 {\an1}fields and taking their oil and this 295 00:06:05,360 --> 00:06:08,070 {\an1}fields and taking their oil and this causes the sort of melting pot in the 296 00:06:08,070 --> 00:06:08,080 {\an1}causes the sort of melting pot in the 297 00:06:08,080 --> 00:06:10,629 {\an1}causes the sort of melting pot in the summer of 1990. 298 00:06:10,629 --> 00:06:10,639 {\an1}summer of 1990. 299 00:06:10,639 --> 00:06:13,590 {\an1}summer of 1990. saddam hussein began to deploy iraqi 300 00:06:13,590 --> 00:06:13,600 {\an1}saddam hussein began to deploy iraqi 301 00:06:13,600 --> 00:06:16,390 {\an1}saddam hussein began to deploy iraqi troops to the border of kuwait 302 00:06:16,390 --> 00:06:16,400 {\an1}troops to the border of kuwait 303 00:06:16,400 --> 00:06:18,550 {\an1}troops to the border of kuwait over a hundred thousand soldiers were in 304 00:06:18,550 --> 00:06:18,560 {\an1}over a hundred thousand soldiers were in 305 00:06:18,560 --> 00:06:21,350 {\an1}over a hundred thousand soldiers were in position to strike at any moment 306 00:06:21,350 --> 00:06:21,360 {\an1}position to strike at any moment 307 00:06:21,360 --> 00:06:23,830 {\an1}position to strike at any moment with an invasion imminent arab league 308 00:06:23,830 --> 00:06:23,840 {\an1}with an invasion imminent arab league 309 00:06:23,840 --> 00:06:26,550 {\an1}with an invasion imminent arab league delegates met in jeddah in saudi arabia 310 00:06:26,550 --> 00:06:26,560 {\an1}delegates met in jeddah in saudi arabia 311 00:06:26,560 --> 00:06:30,070 {\an1}delegates met in jeddah in saudi arabia to try and find a peaceful resolution 312 00:06:30,070 --> 00:06:30,080 {\an1}to try and find a peaceful resolution 313 00:06:30,080 --> 00:06:32,309 {\an1}to try and find a peaceful resolution the first wave of the jedi talks just 314 00:06:32,309 --> 00:06:32,319 {\an1}the first wave of the jedi talks just 315 00:06:32,319 --> 00:06:34,790 {\an1}the first wave of the jedi talks just didn't really work very well saddam 316 00:06:34,790 --> 00:06:34,800 {\an1}didn't really work very well saddam 317 00:06:34,800 --> 00:06:36,230 {\an1}didn't really work very well saddam agreed that they would meet again in a 318 00:06:36,230 --> 00:06:36,240 {\an1}agreed that they would meet again in a 319 00:06:36,240 --> 00:06:38,950 {\an1}agreed that they would meet again in a few days time to resume the talks 320 00:06:38,950 --> 00:06:38,960 {\an1}few days time to resume the talks 321 00:06:38,960 --> 00:06:40,070 {\an1}few days time to resume the talks however 322 00:06:40,070 --> 00:06:40,080 {\an1}however 323 00:06:40,080 --> 00:06:41,430 {\an1}however it was a bluff 324 00:06:41,430 --> 00:06:41,440 {\an1}it was a bluff 325 00:06:41,440 --> 00:06:43,110 {\an1}it was a bluff he deceived everyone because they 326 00:06:43,110 --> 00:06:43,120 {\an1}he deceived everyone because they 327 00:06:43,120 --> 00:06:45,430 {\an1}he deceived everyone because they genuinely believed he was committed to 328 00:06:45,430 --> 00:06:45,440 {\an1}genuinely believed he was committed to 329 00:06:45,440 --> 00:06:47,830 {\an1}genuinely believed he was committed to completing these talks and the very next 330 00:06:47,830 --> 00:06:47,840 {\an1}completing these talks and the very next 331 00:06:47,840 --> 00:06:53,909 {\an1}completing these talks and the very next day he entered kuwait 332 00:06:53,909 --> 00:06:53,919 {\an1} 333 00:06:53,919 --> 00:06:55,990 {\an1}i went out to rf germany in january of 334 00:06:55,990 --> 00:06:56,000 {\an1}i went out to rf germany in january of 335 00:06:56,000 --> 00:06:58,390 {\an1}i went out to rf germany in january of 1990 to larbruck 336 00:06:58,390 --> 00:06:58,400 {\an1}1990 to larbruck 337 00:06:58,400 --> 00:07:01,110 {\an1}1990 to larbruck and everything was still very cold war 338 00:07:01,110 --> 00:07:01,120 {\an1}and everything was still very cold war 339 00:07:01,120 --> 00:07:02,870 {\an1}and everything was still very cold war russia was the threat soviet union 340 00:07:02,870 --> 00:07:02,880 {\an1}russia was the threat soviet union 341 00:07:02,880 --> 00:07:04,309 {\an1}russia was the threat soviet union warsaw pact 342 00:07:04,309 --> 00:07:04,319 {\an1}warsaw pact 343 00:07:04,319 --> 00:07:07,110 {\an1}warsaw pact and then saddam hussein invaded kuwait 344 00:07:07,110 --> 00:07:07,120 {\an1}and then saddam hussein invaded kuwait 345 00:07:07,120 --> 00:07:07,990 {\an1}and then saddam hussein invaded kuwait and 346 00:07:07,990 --> 00:07:08,000 {\an1}and 347 00:07:08,000 --> 00:07:09,589 {\an1}and everyone was looking at each other 348 00:07:09,589 --> 00:07:09,599 {\an1}everyone was looking at each other 349 00:07:09,599 --> 00:07:13,189 {\an1}everyone was looking at each other wondering where's kuwait 350 00:07:13,189 --> 00:07:13,199 {\an1} 351 00:07:13,199 --> 00:07:14,950 {\an1}the united nations condemned the 352 00:07:14,950 --> 00:07:14,960 {\an1}the united nations condemned the 353 00:07:14,960 --> 00:07:17,430 {\an1}the united nations condemned the invasion and demanded that iraq leave 354 00:07:17,430 --> 00:07:17,440 {\an1}invasion and demanded that iraq leave 355 00:07:17,440 --> 00:07:20,710 {\an1}invasion and demanded that iraq leave kuwait immediately mr saddam is saying 356 00:07:20,710 --> 00:07:20,720 {\an1}kuwait immediately mr saddam is saying 357 00:07:20,720 --> 00:07:23,510 {\an1}kuwait immediately mr saddam is saying you simply do what the world is calling 358 00:07:23,510 --> 00:07:23,520 {\an1}you simply do what the world is calling 359 00:07:23,520 --> 00:07:27,029 {\an1}you simply do what the world is calling upon you to do get out 360 00:07:27,029 --> 00:07:27,039 {\an1}upon you to do get out 361 00:07:27,039 --> 00:07:29,510 {\an1}upon you to do get out within a week the americans had started 362 00:07:29,510 --> 00:07:29,520 {\an1}within a week the americans had started 363 00:07:29,520 --> 00:07:31,670 {\an1}within a week the americans had started building a response of their own 364 00:07:31,670 --> 00:07:31,680 {\an1}building a response of their own 365 00:07:31,680 --> 00:07:43,670 {\an1}building a response of their own the world was on the brink of war 366 00:07:43,670 --> 00:07:43,680 {\an1} 367 00:07:43,680 --> 00:07:47,350 {\an1}on the 2nd of august 1990 iraq invaded 368 00:07:47,350 --> 00:07:47,360 {\an1}on the 2nd of august 1990 iraq invaded 369 00:07:47,360 --> 00:07:48,469 {\an1}on the 2nd of august 1990 iraq invaded kuwait 370 00:07:48,469 --> 00:07:48,479 {\an1}kuwait 371 00:07:48,479 --> 00:07:51,270 {\an1}kuwait and in less than a week saddam hussein 372 00:07:51,270 --> 00:07:51,280 {\an1}and in less than a week saddam hussein 373 00:07:51,280 --> 00:07:53,830 {\an1}and in less than a week saddam hussein had taken control of the small country 374 00:07:53,830 --> 00:07:53,840 {\an1}had taken control of the small country 375 00:07:53,840 --> 00:07:57,350 {\an1}had taken control of the small country and declared it iraq's 19th and newest 376 00:07:57,350 --> 00:07:57,360 {\an1}and declared it iraq's 19th and newest 377 00:07:57,360 --> 00:07:59,670 {\an1}and declared it iraq's 19th and newest province 378 00:07:59,670 --> 00:07:59,680 {\an1}province 379 00:07:59,680 --> 00:08:02,469 {\an1}province the invasion happens very swiftly it's 380 00:08:02,469 --> 00:08:02,479 {\an1}the invasion happens very swiftly it's 381 00:08:02,479 --> 00:08:04,309 {\an1}the invasion happens very swiftly it's not a very great piece of territory 382 00:08:04,309 --> 00:08:04,319 {\an1}not a very great piece of territory 383 00:08:04,319 --> 00:08:06,950 {\an1}not a very great piece of territory kuwait they cover the land from the 384 00:08:06,950 --> 00:08:06,960 {\an1}kuwait they cover the land from the 385 00:08:06,960 --> 00:08:09,270 {\an1}kuwait they cover the land from the iraqi border to the sea very quickly 386 00:08:09,270 --> 00:08:09,280 {\an1}iraqi border to the sea very quickly 387 00:08:09,280 --> 00:08:10,790 {\an1}iraqi border to the sea very quickly there's overwhelming force kuwaiti 388 00:08:10,790 --> 00:08:10,800 {\an1}there's overwhelming force kuwaiti 389 00:08:10,800 --> 00:08:13,029 {\an1}there's overwhelming force kuwaiti forces try to resist but they're nothing 390 00:08:13,029 --> 00:08:13,039 {\an1}forces try to resist but they're nothing 391 00:08:13,039 --> 00:08:15,189 {\an1}forces try to resist but they're nothing like as numerous or as well equipped or 392 00:08:15,189 --> 00:08:15,199 {\an1}like as numerous or as well equipped or 393 00:08:15,199 --> 00:08:17,430 {\an1}like as numerous or as well equipped or as experienced and the iraqis take the 394 00:08:17,430 --> 00:08:17,440 {\an1}as experienced and the iraqis take the 395 00:08:17,440 --> 00:08:18,550 {\an1}as experienced and the iraqis take the country 396 00:08:18,550 --> 00:08:18,560 {\an1}country 397 00:08:18,560 --> 00:08:21,029 {\an1}country initially when saddam hussein moved his 398 00:08:21,029 --> 00:08:21,039 {\an1}initially when saddam hussein moved his 399 00:08:21,039 --> 00:08:24,070 {\an1}initially when saddam hussein moved his troops into kuwait and the ruling family 400 00:08:24,070 --> 00:08:24,080 {\an1}troops into kuwait and the ruling family 401 00:08:24,080 --> 00:08:26,469 {\an1}troops into kuwait and the ruling family were forced to flee to saudi arabia he 402 00:08:26,469 --> 00:08:26,479 {\an1}were forced to flee to saudi arabia he 403 00:08:26,479 --> 00:08:28,390 {\an1}were forced to flee to saudi arabia he set up a puppet government which would 404 00:08:28,390 --> 00:08:28,400 {\an1}set up a puppet government which would 405 00:08:28,400 --> 00:08:31,350 {\an1}set up a puppet government which would control the area in the short term but 406 00:08:31,350 --> 00:08:31,360 {\an1}control the area in the short term but 407 00:08:31,360 --> 00:08:33,509 {\an1}control the area in the short term but very quickly he annexed the territory 408 00:08:33,509 --> 00:08:33,519 {\an1}very quickly he annexed the territory 409 00:08:33,519 --> 00:08:34,790 {\an1}very quickly he annexed the territory and what we mean by that is he 410 00:08:34,790 --> 00:08:34,800 {\an1}and what we mean by that is he 411 00:08:34,800 --> 00:08:38,829 {\an1}and what we mean by that is he essentially subsumed kuwait into iraqi 412 00:08:38,829 --> 00:08:38,839 {\an1}essentially subsumed kuwait into iraqi 413 00:08:38,839 --> 00:08:41,750 {\an1}essentially subsumed kuwait into iraqi territory the un condemned the attack 414 00:08:41,750 --> 00:08:41,760 {\an1}territory the un condemned the attack 415 00:08:41,760 --> 00:08:43,750 {\an1}territory the un condemned the attack and called on saddam hussein to 416 00:08:43,750 --> 00:08:43,760 {\an1}and called on saddam hussein to 417 00:08:43,760 --> 00:08:45,750 {\an1}and called on saddam hussein to immediately withdraw his troops from 418 00:08:45,750 --> 00:08:45,760 {\an1}immediately withdraw his troops from 419 00:08:45,760 --> 00:08:46,949 {\an1}immediately withdraw his troops from kuwait 420 00:08:46,949 --> 00:08:46,959 {\an1}kuwait 421 00:08:46,959 --> 00:08:50,230 {\an1}kuwait in a new look global political landscape 422 00:08:50,230 --> 00:08:50,240 {\an1}in a new look global political landscape 423 00:08:50,240 --> 00:08:51,750 {\an1}in a new look global political landscape where communism had all but been 424 00:08:51,750 --> 00:08:51,760 {\an1}where communism had all but been 425 00:08:51,760 --> 00:08:52,949 {\an1}where communism had all but been defeated 426 00:08:52,949 --> 00:08:52,959 {\an1}defeated 427 00:08:52,959 --> 00:08:55,910 {\an1}defeated president george bush's usa was looking 428 00:08:55,910 --> 00:08:55,920 {\an1}president george bush's usa was looking 429 00:08:55,920 --> 00:08:57,750 {\an1}president george bush's usa was looking to lead the way 430 00:08:57,750 --> 00:08:57,760 {\an1}to lead the way 431 00:08:57,760 --> 00:09:00,550 {\an1}to lead the way in the 1990s we've seen the end of the 432 00:09:00,550 --> 00:09:00,560 {\an1}in the 1990s we've seen the end of the 433 00:09:00,560 --> 00:09:01,829 {\an1}in the 1990s we've seen the end of the cold war 434 00:09:01,829 --> 00:09:01,839 {\an1}cold war 435 00:09:01,839 --> 00:09:04,310 {\an1}cold war now that we are no longer in this big 436 00:09:04,310 --> 00:09:04,320 {\an1}now that we are no longer in this big 437 00:09:04,320 --> 00:09:06,310 {\an1}now that we are no longer in this big bipolar competition between the soviet 438 00:09:06,310 --> 00:09:06,320 {\an1}bipolar competition between the soviet 439 00:09:06,320 --> 00:09:08,630 {\an1}bipolar competition between the soviet union and the united states what does 440 00:09:08,630 --> 00:09:08,640 {\an1}union and the united states what does 441 00:09:08,640 --> 00:09:10,230 {\an1}union and the united states what does the world look like what do the 442 00:09:10,230 --> 00:09:10,240 {\an1}the world look like what do the 443 00:09:10,240 --> 00:09:12,949 {\an1}the world look like what do the international relations mean and for 444 00:09:12,949 --> 00:09:12,959 {\an1}international relations mean and for 445 00:09:12,959 --> 00:09:14,949 {\an1}international relations mean and for george h.w bush he develops this idea of 446 00:09:14,949 --> 00:09:14,959 {\an1}george h.w bush he develops this idea of 447 00:09:14,959 --> 00:09:17,269 {\an1}george h.w bush he develops this idea of a new world order and it's this concept 448 00:09:17,269 --> 00:09:17,279 {\an1}a new world order and it's this concept 449 00:09:17,279 --> 00:09:20,150 {\an1}a new world order and it's this concept of global justice actually going through 450 00:09:20,150 --> 00:09:20,160 {\an1}of global justice actually going through 451 00:09:20,160 --> 00:09:22,310 {\an1}of global justice actually going through appreciating the united nations working 452 00:09:22,310 --> 00:09:22,320 {\an1}appreciating the united nations working 453 00:09:22,320 --> 00:09:23,590 {\an1}appreciating the united nations working together 454 00:09:23,590 --> 00:09:23,600 {\an1}together 455 00:09:23,600 --> 00:09:25,910 {\an1}together upholding human rights and the 456 00:09:25,910 --> 00:09:25,920 {\an1}upholding human rights and the 457 00:09:25,920 --> 00:09:28,710 {\an1}upholding human rights and the international rule of law 458 00:09:28,710 --> 00:09:28,720 {\an1}international rule of law 459 00:09:28,720 --> 00:09:31,030 {\an1}international rule of law i think his idea was 460 00:09:31,030 --> 00:09:31,040 {\an1}i think his idea was 461 00:09:31,040 --> 00:09:34,070 {\an1}i think his idea was that we would have a new world order 462 00:09:34,070 --> 00:09:34,080 {\an1}that we would have a new world order 463 00:09:34,080 --> 00:09:36,389 {\an1}that we would have a new world order where the un would be powerful 464 00:09:36,389 --> 00:09:36,399 {\an1}where the un would be powerful 465 00:09:36,399 --> 00:09:38,790 {\an1}where the un would be powerful and it would be based on international 466 00:09:38,790 --> 00:09:38,800 {\an1}and it would be based on international 467 00:09:38,800 --> 00:09:41,910 {\an1}and it would be based on international law and it would mean repelling 468 00:09:41,910 --> 00:09:41,920 {\an1}law and it would mean repelling 469 00:09:41,920 --> 00:09:44,470 {\an1}law and it would mean repelling any territorial aggression 470 00:09:44,470 --> 00:09:44,480 {\an1}any territorial aggression 471 00:09:44,480 --> 00:09:47,110 {\an1}any territorial aggression and the u.s would guarantee this world 472 00:09:47,110 --> 00:09:47,120 {\an1}and the u.s would guarantee this world 473 00:09:47,120 --> 00:09:49,590 {\an1}and the u.s would guarantee this world order by being the only 474 00:09:49,590 --> 00:09:49,600 {\an1}order by being the only 475 00:09:49,600 --> 00:09:52,230 {\an1}order by being the only superpower 476 00:09:52,230 --> 00:09:52,240 {\an1}superpower 477 00:09:52,240 --> 00:09:55,590 {\an1}superpower the u.s began operation desert shield 478 00:09:55,590 --> 00:09:55,600 {\an1}the u.s began operation desert shield 479 00:09:55,600 --> 00:09:57,670 {\an1}the u.s began operation desert shield which meant deploying their army navy 480 00:09:57,670 --> 00:09:57,680 {\an1}which meant deploying their army navy 481 00:09:57,680 --> 00:10:00,389 {\an1}which meant deploying their army navy and air force to the persian gulf this 482 00:10:00,389 --> 00:10:00,399 {\an1}and air force to the persian gulf this 483 00:10:00,399 --> 00:10:03,190 {\an1}and air force to the persian gulf this was their way of protecting saudi arabia 484 00:10:03,190 --> 00:10:03,200 {\an1}was their way of protecting saudi arabia 485 00:10:03,200 --> 00:10:05,670 {\an1}was their way of protecting saudi arabia from iraq's military might which had now 486 00:10:05,670 --> 00:10:05,680 {\an1}from iraq's military might which had now 487 00:10:05,680 --> 00:10:08,230 {\an1}from iraq's military might which had now swelled inside kuwait to around about 488 00:10:08,230 --> 00:10:08,240 {\an1}swelled inside kuwait to around about 489 00:10:08,240 --> 00:10:11,430 {\an1}swelled inside kuwait to around about 300 000 troops 490 00:10:11,430 --> 00:10:11,440 {\an1}300 000 troops 491 00:10:11,440 --> 00:10:14,150 {\an1}300 000 troops desert shield was really just the 492 00:10:14,150 --> 00:10:14,160 {\an1}desert shield was really just the 493 00:10:14,160 --> 00:10:16,550 {\an1}desert shield was really just the buildup of all of the 494 00:10:16,550 --> 00:10:16,560 {\an1}buildup of all of the 495 00:10:16,560 --> 00:10:19,750 {\an1}buildup of all of the coalition forces to get ready to invade 496 00:10:19,750 --> 00:10:19,760 {\an1}coalition forces to get ready to invade 497 00:10:19,760 --> 00:10:21,110 {\an1}coalition forces to get ready to invade there was some question as to whether 498 00:10:21,110 --> 00:10:21,120 {\an1}there was some question as to whether 499 00:10:21,120 --> 00:10:22,310 {\an1}there was some question as to whether they were going to roll on through 500 00:10:22,310 --> 00:10:22,320 {\an1}they were going to roll on through 501 00:10:22,320 --> 00:10:24,949 {\an1}they were going to roll on through kuwait into saudi and then just 502 00:10:24,949 --> 00:10:24,959 {\an1}kuwait into saudi and then just 503 00:10:24,959 --> 00:10:27,030 {\an1}kuwait into saudi and then just accumulating enough stuff and enough 504 00:10:27,030 --> 00:10:27,040 {\an1}accumulating enough stuff and enough 505 00:10:27,040 --> 00:10:29,509 {\an1}accumulating enough stuff and enough willpower probably to push him back out 506 00:10:29,509 --> 00:10:29,519 {\an1}willpower probably to push him back out 507 00:10:29,519 --> 00:10:31,430 {\an1}willpower probably to push him back out of kuwait 508 00:10:31,430 --> 00:10:31,440 {\an1}of kuwait 509 00:10:31,440 --> 00:10:32,790 {\an1}of kuwait first of all it was august and saudi 510 00:10:32,790 --> 00:10:32,800 {\an1}first of all it was august and saudi 511 00:10:32,800 --> 00:10:35,590 {\an1}first of all it was august and saudi arabia the biggest danger was probably 512 00:10:35,590 --> 00:10:35,600 {\an1}arabia the biggest danger was probably 513 00:10:35,600 --> 00:10:38,710 {\an1}arabia the biggest danger was probably not getting shot it was heat stroke and 514 00:10:38,710 --> 00:10:38,720 {\an1}not getting shot it was heat stroke and 515 00:10:38,720 --> 00:10:40,550 {\an1}not getting shot it was heat stroke and trying to rebuild 516 00:10:40,550 --> 00:10:40,560 {\an1}trying to rebuild 517 00:10:40,560 --> 00:10:42,550 {\an1}trying to rebuild equipment that had to be taken apart 518 00:10:42,550 --> 00:10:42,560 {\an1}equipment that had to be taken apart 519 00:10:42,560 --> 00:10:46,550 {\an1}equipment that had to be taken apart when you moved it in 128 degrees you get 520 00:10:46,550 --> 00:10:46,560 {\an1}when you moved it in 128 degrees you get 521 00:10:46,560 --> 00:10:47,829 {\an1}when you moved it in 128 degrees you get there and now you've got your 522 00:10:47,829 --> 00:10:47,839 {\an1}there and now you've got your 523 00:10:47,839 --> 00:10:50,550 {\an1}there and now you've got your helicopters built and now you're just 524 00:10:50,550 --> 00:10:50,560 {\an1}helicopters built and now you're just 525 00:10:50,560 --> 00:10:52,949 {\an1}helicopters built and now you're just waiting for everyone else 526 00:10:52,949 --> 00:10:52,959 {\an1}waiting for everyone else 527 00:10:52,959 --> 00:10:55,269 {\an1}waiting for everyone else a coalition was formed to pressure 528 00:10:55,269 --> 00:10:55,279 {\an1}a coalition was formed to pressure 529 00:10:55,279 --> 00:10:58,790 {\an1}a coalition was formed to pressure saddam hussein to withdraw from kuwait 530 00:10:58,790 --> 00:10:58,800 {\an1}saddam hussein to withdraw from kuwait 531 00:10:58,800 --> 00:11:01,829 {\an1}saddam hussein to withdraw from kuwait 38 nations joined the us to form the 532 00:11:01,829 --> 00:11:01,839 {\an1}38 nations joined the us to form the 533 00:11:01,839 --> 00:11:04,550 {\an1}38 nations joined the us to form the largest alliance since the second world 534 00:11:04,550 --> 00:11:04,560 {\an1}largest alliance since the second world 535 00:11:04,560 --> 00:11:06,230 {\an1}largest alliance since the second world war 536 00:11:06,230 --> 00:11:06,240 {\an1}war 537 00:11:06,240 --> 00:11:09,350 {\an1}war the iraqi army in 1990 is the fourth 538 00:11:09,350 --> 00:11:09,360 {\an1}the iraqi army in 1990 is the fourth 539 00:11:09,360 --> 00:11:11,509 {\an1}the iraqi army in 1990 is the fourth largest in the world and iraq has been 540 00:11:11,509 --> 00:11:11,519 {\an1}largest in the world and iraq has been 541 00:11:11,519 --> 00:11:13,990 {\an1}largest in the world and iraq has been fighting for much of the last 10 years 542 00:11:13,990 --> 00:11:14,000 {\an1}fighting for much of the last 10 years 543 00:11:14,000 --> 00:11:15,990 {\an1}fighting for much of the last 10 years so it has battle-hardened troops it has 544 00:11:15,990 --> 00:11:16,000 {\an1}so it has battle-hardened troops it has 545 00:11:16,000 --> 00:11:18,550 {\an1}so it has battle-hardened troops it has very good equipment paid for or provided 546 00:11:18,550 --> 00:11:18,560 {\an1}very good equipment paid for or provided 547 00:11:18,560 --> 00:11:20,389 {\an1}very good equipment paid for or provided by the soviet union 548 00:11:20,389 --> 00:11:20,399 {\an1}by the soviet union 549 00:11:20,399 --> 00:11:22,470 {\an1}by the soviet union and the west decides to have what 550 00:11:22,470 --> 00:11:22,480 {\an1}and the west decides to have what 551 00:11:22,480 --> 00:11:24,069 {\an1}and the west decides to have what general peter de billiere the british 552 00:11:24,069 --> 00:11:24,079 {\an1}general peter de billiere the british 553 00:11:24,079 --> 00:11:26,150 {\an1}general peter de billiere the british commander says is a sledgehammer to 554 00:11:26,150 --> 00:11:26,160 {\an1}commander says is a sledgehammer to 555 00:11:26,160 --> 00:11:29,829 {\an1}commander says is a sledgehammer to crack a nut and this coalition was 556 00:11:29,829 --> 00:11:29,839 {\an1}crack a nut and this coalition was 557 00:11:29,839 --> 00:11:32,710 {\an1}crack a nut and this coalition was really remarkable in lots of ways not 558 00:11:32,710 --> 00:11:32,720 {\an1}really remarkable in lots of ways not 559 00:11:32,720 --> 00:11:34,949 {\an1}really remarkable in lots of ways not only was it such a big coalition with so 560 00:11:34,949 --> 00:11:34,959 {\an1}only was it such a big coalition with so 561 00:11:34,959 --> 00:11:37,030 {\an1}only was it such a big coalition with so many nations and all the arab nations 562 00:11:37,030 --> 00:11:37,040 {\an1}many nations and all the arab nations 563 00:11:37,040 --> 00:11:39,430 {\an1}many nations and all the arab nations agreeing to take part we also saw 564 00:11:39,430 --> 00:11:39,440 {\an1}agreeing to take part we also saw 565 00:11:39,440 --> 00:11:41,269 {\an1}agreeing to take part we also saw germany taking part in what they were 566 00:11:41,269 --> 00:11:41,279 {\an1}germany taking part in what they were 567 00:11:41,279 --> 00:11:43,829 {\an1}germany taking part in what they were allowed to do within their limitations 568 00:11:43,829 --> 00:11:43,839 {\an1}allowed to do within their limitations 569 00:11:43,839 --> 00:11:46,949 {\an1}allowed to do within their limitations sweden returning since the early 1800s 570 00:11:46,949 --> 00:11:46,959 {\an1}sweden returning since the early 1800s 571 00:11:46,959 --> 00:11:48,870 {\an1}sweden returning since the early 1800s to active service and even the 572 00:11:48,870 --> 00:11:48,880 {\an1}to active service and even the 573 00:11:48,880 --> 00:11:51,750 {\an1}to active service and even the argentinian flotilla arriving to support 574 00:11:51,750 --> 00:11:51,760 {\an1}argentinian flotilla arriving to support 575 00:11:51,760 --> 00:11:53,990 {\an1}argentinian flotilla arriving to support the british naval ship so this was 576 00:11:53,990 --> 00:11:54,000 {\an1}the british naval ship so this was 577 00:11:54,000 --> 00:11:57,829 {\an1}the british naval ship so this was really quite an unusual situation and i 578 00:11:57,829 --> 00:11:57,839 {\an1}really quite an unusual situation and i 579 00:11:57,839 --> 00:12:00,069 {\an1}really quite an unusual situation and i think for many people represented what 580 00:12:00,069 --> 00:12:00,079 {\an1}think for many people represented what 581 00:12:00,079 --> 00:12:01,990 {\an1}think for many people represented what they hoped the new world order would 582 00:12:01,990 --> 00:12:02,000 {\an1}they hoped the new world order would 583 00:12:02,000 --> 00:12:04,230 {\an1}they hoped the new world order would look like with all these nations working 584 00:12:04,230 --> 00:12:04,240 {\an1}look like with all these nations working 585 00:12:04,240 --> 00:12:05,269 {\an1}look like with all these nations working together 586 00:12:05,269 --> 00:12:05,279 {\an1}together 587 00:12:05,279 --> 00:12:06,069 {\an1}together to 588 00:12:06,069 --> 00:12:06,079 {\an1}to 589 00:12:06,079 --> 00:12:09,430 {\an1}to fight against an aggressor who was going 590 00:12:09,430 --> 00:12:09,440 {\an1}fight against an aggressor who was going 591 00:12:09,440 --> 00:12:13,130 {\an1}fight against an aggressor who was going against the rule of law 592 00:12:13,130 --> 00:12:13,140 {\an1} 593 00:12:13,140 --> 00:12:17,110 {\an1} [Music] 594 00:12:17,110 --> 00:12:17,120 {\an1} 595 00:12:17,120 --> 00:12:19,430 {\an1}we deployed to book in northwestern 596 00:12:19,430 --> 00:12:19,440 {\an1}we deployed to book in northwestern 597 00:12:19,440 --> 00:12:23,030 {\an1}we deployed to book in northwestern saudi arabia in december 1990 598 00:12:23,030 --> 00:12:23,040 {\an1}saudi arabia in december 1990 599 00:12:23,040 --> 00:12:24,949 {\an1}saudi arabia in december 1990 everything seems strange initially 600 00:12:24,949 --> 00:12:24,959 {\an1}everything seems strange initially 601 00:12:24,959 --> 00:12:25,990 {\an1}everything seems strange initially you're in the middle of the desert 602 00:12:25,990 --> 00:12:26,000 {\an1}you're in the middle of the desert 603 00:12:26,000 --> 00:12:27,030 {\an1}you're in the middle of the desert suddenly 604 00:12:27,030 --> 00:12:27,040 {\an1}suddenly 605 00:12:27,040 --> 00:12:28,710 {\an1}suddenly it's it looks different it smells 606 00:12:28,710 --> 00:12:28,720 {\an1}it's it looks different it smells 607 00:12:28,720 --> 00:12:29,990 {\an1}it's it looks different it smells different 608 00:12:29,990 --> 00:12:30,000 {\an1}different 609 00:12:30,000 --> 00:12:32,470 {\an1}different all the while not knowing 610 00:12:32,470 --> 00:12:32,480 {\an1}all the while not knowing 611 00:12:32,480 --> 00:12:34,550 {\an1}all the while not knowing was this going to come to a war at all 612 00:12:34,550 --> 00:12:34,560 {\an1}was this going to come to a war at all 613 00:12:34,560 --> 00:12:37,110 {\an1}was this going to come to a war at all might happen tomorrow next week 614 00:12:37,110 --> 00:12:37,120 {\an1}might happen tomorrow next week 615 00:12:37,120 --> 00:12:38,550 {\an1}might happen tomorrow next week next month 616 00:12:38,550 --> 00:12:38,560 {\an1}next month 617 00:12:38,560 --> 00:12:40,230 {\an1}next month so you're trying to cram as much 618 00:12:40,230 --> 00:12:40,240 {\an1}so you're trying to cram as much 619 00:12:40,240 --> 00:12:41,670 {\an1}so you're trying to cram as much training in as you can in a short period 620 00:12:41,670 --> 00:12:41,680 {\an1}training in as you can in a short period 621 00:12:41,680 --> 00:12:44,550 {\an1}training in as you can in a short period of time just so that everyone's ready 622 00:12:44,550 --> 00:12:44,560 {\an1}of time just so that everyone's ready 623 00:12:44,560 --> 00:12:46,389 {\an1}of time just so that everyone's ready in anticipation of reporting on a 624 00:12:46,389 --> 00:12:46,399 {\an1}in anticipation of reporting on a 625 00:12:46,399 --> 00:12:49,269 {\an1}in anticipation of reporting on a potential war members of the media also 626 00:12:49,269 --> 00:12:49,279 {\an1}potential war members of the media also 627 00:12:49,279 --> 00:12:52,550 {\an1}potential war members of the media also began to arrive in the region it was new 628 00:12:52,550 --> 00:12:52,560 {\an1}began to arrive in the region it was new 629 00:12:52,560 --> 00:12:55,910 {\an1}began to arrive in the region it was new territory for journalist mark urban 630 00:12:55,910 --> 00:12:55,920 {\an1}territory for journalist mark urban 631 00:12:55,920 --> 00:12:58,870 {\an1}territory for journalist mark urban the situation with saudi arabia was that 632 00:12:58,870 --> 00:12:58,880 {\an1}the situation with saudi arabia was that 633 00:12:58,880 --> 00:13:01,350 {\an1}the situation with saudi arabia was that it was a country that very few of us had 634 00:13:01,350 --> 00:13:01,360 {\an1}it was a country that very few of us had 635 00:13:01,360 --> 00:13:03,110 {\an1}it was a country that very few of us had any real knowledge of 636 00:13:03,110 --> 00:13:03,120 {\an1}any real knowledge of 637 00:13:03,120 --> 00:13:05,350 {\an1}any real knowledge of including people who'd been involved in 638 00:13:05,350 --> 00:13:05,360 {\an1}including people who'd been involved in 639 00:13:05,360 --> 00:13:07,430 {\an1}including people who'd been involved in coverage of the middle east before and 640 00:13:07,430 --> 00:13:07,440 {\an1}coverage of the middle east before and 641 00:13:07,440 --> 00:13:09,030 {\an1}coverage of the middle east before and we went back out there in january and we 642 00:13:09,030 --> 00:13:09,040 {\an1}we went back out there in january and we 643 00:13:09,040 --> 00:13:10,949 {\an1}we went back out there in january and we went back out in the near certainty that 644 00:13:10,949 --> 00:13:10,959 {\an1}went back out in the near certainty that 645 00:13:10,959 --> 00:13:12,310 {\an1}went back out in the near certainty that there was going to be a conflict we 646 00:13:12,310 --> 00:13:12,320 {\an1}there was going to be a conflict we 647 00:13:12,320 --> 00:13:13,910 {\an1}there was going to be a conflict we didn't think that saddam was suddenly 648 00:13:13,910 --> 00:13:13,920 {\an1}didn't think that saddam was suddenly 649 00:13:13,920 --> 00:13:15,590 {\an1}didn't think that saddam was suddenly going to withdraw on the eve of the 650 00:13:15,590 --> 00:13:15,600 {\an1}going to withdraw on the eve of the 651 00:13:15,600 --> 00:13:17,509 {\an1}going to withdraw on the eve of the ultimatum so we went back knowing we 652 00:13:17,509 --> 00:13:17,519 {\an1}ultimatum so we went back knowing we 653 00:13:17,519 --> 00:13:18,829 {\an1}ultimatum so we went back knowing we were going to cover a 654 00:13:18,829 --> 00:13:18,839 {\an1}were going to cover a 655 00:13:18,839 --> 00:13:22,310 {\an1}were going to cover a conflict president bush issued iraq with 656 00:13:22,310 --> 00:13:22,320 {\an1}conflict president bush issued iraq with 657 00:13:22,320 --> 00:13:25,110 {\an1}conflict president bush issued iraq with a 15th of january deadline for a total 658 00:13:25,110 --> 00:13:25,120 {\an1}a 15th of january deadline for a total 659 00:13:25,120 --> 00:13:27,829 {\an1}a 15th of january deadline for a total withdrawal from kuwait 660 00:13:27,829 --> 00:13:27,839 {\an1}withdrawal from kuwait 661 00:13:27,839 --> 00:13:30,949 {\an1}withdrawal from kuwait throughout the autumn and winter of 1990 662 00:13:30,949 --> 00:13:30,959 {\an1}throughout the autumn and winter of 1990 663 00:13:30,959 --> 00:13:33,350 {\an1}throughout the autumn and winter of 1990 the western forces are amassing on the 664 00:13:33,350 --> 00:13:33,360 {\an1}the western forces are amassing on the 665 00:13:33,360 --> 00:13:35,910 {\an1}the western forces are amassing on the saudi border on several occasions saddam 666 00:13:35,910 --> 00:13:35,920 {\an1}saudi border on several occasions saddam 667 00:13:35,920 --> 00:13:38,150 {\an1}saudi border on several occasions saddam says he will withdraw if this is granted 668 00:13:38,150 --> 00:13:38,160 {\an1}says he will withdraw if this is granted 669 00:13:38,160 --> 00:13:40,069 {\an1}says he will withdraw if this is granted or access to this oil field is made 670 00:13:40,069 --> 00:13:40,079 {\an1}or access to this oil field is made 671 00:13:40,079 --> 00:13:41,910 {\an1}or access to this oil field is made available the west make it clear there 672 00:13:41,910 --> 00:13:41,920 {\an1}available the west make it clear there 673 00:13:41,920 --> 00:13:43,269 {\an1}available the west make it clear there are no negotiations it must be a 674 00:13:43,269 --> 00:13:43,279 {\an1}are no negotiations it must be a 675 00:13:43,279 --> 00:13:45,189 {\an1}are no negotiations it must be a complete withdrawal 676 00:13:45,189 --> 00:13:45,199 {\an1}complete withdrawal 677 00:13:45,199 --> 00:13:46,870 {\an1}complete withdrawal iraq was showing no signs of withdrawing 678 00:13:46,870 --> 00:13:46,880 {\an1}iraq was showing no signs of withdrawing 679 00:13:46,880 --> 00:13:48,150 {\an1}iraq was showing no signs of withdrawing from kuwait so it was looking 680 00:13:48,150 --> 00:13:48,160 {\an1}from kuwait so it was looking 681 00:13:48,160 --> 00:13:49,590 {\an1}from kuwait so it was looking increasingly likely that we'd be going 682 00:13:49,590 --> 00:13:49,600 {\an1}increasingly likely that we'd be going 683 00:13:49,600 --> 00:13:52,949 {\an1}increasingly likely that we'd be going to war but it was the day before 684 00:13:52,949 --> 00:13:52,959 {\an1}to war but it was the day before 685 00:13:52,959 --> 00:13:55,030 {\an1}to war but it was the day before that the boss called us in and said 686 00:13:55,030 --> 00:13:55,040 {\an1}that the boss called us in and said 687 00:13:55,040 --> 00:13:57,430 {\an1}that the boss called us in and said right it's going to happen it's early 688 00:13:57,430 --> 00:13:57,440 {\an1}right it's going to happen it's early 689 00:13:57,440 --> 00:13:59,110 {\an1}right it's going to happen it's early tomorrow morning so we'll be flying 690 00:13:59,110 --> 00:13:59,120 {\an1}tomorrow morning so we'll be flying 691 00:13:59,120 --> 00:14:00,230 {\an1}tomorrow morning so we'll be flying tonight 692 00:14:00,230 --> 00:14:00,240 {\an1}tonight 693 00:14:00,240 --> 00:14:02,470 {\an1}tonight so get a bit of rest we'll come in this 694 00:14:02,470 --> 00:14:02,480 {\an1}so get a bit of rest we'll come in this 695 00:14:02,480 --> 00:14:04,230 {\an1}so get a bit of rest we'll come in this afternoon we'll finish off the planning 696 00:14:04,230 --> 00:14:04,240 {\an1}afternoon we'll finish off the planning 697 00:14:04,240 --> 00:14:05,670 {\an1}afternoon we'll finish off the planning and we go tonight 698 00:14:05,670 --> 00:14:05,680 {\an1}and we go tonight 699 00:14:05,680 --> 00:14:12,230 {\an1}and we go tonight and that was quite a shock 700 00:14:12,230 --> 00:14:12,240 {\an1} 701 00:14:12,240 --> 00:14:14,790 {\an1}war broke out on the 17th of january 702 00:14:14,790 --> 00:14:14,800 {\an1}war broke out on the 17th of january 703 00:14:14,800 --> 00:14:19,189 {\an1}war broke out on the 17th of january 1991 with operation desert storm 704 00:14:19,189 --> 00:14:19,199 {\an1}1991 with operation desert storm 705 00:14:19,199 --> 00:14:21,990 {\an1}1991 with operation desert storm coalition air forces took to the skies 706 00:14:21,990 --> 00:14:22,000 {\an1}coalition air forces took to the skies 707 00:14:22,000 --> 00:14:24,310 {\an1}coalition air forces took to the skies from aircraft carriers like this one 708 00:14:24,310 --> 00:14:24,320 {\an1}from aircraft carriers like this one 709 00:14:24,320 --> 00:14:26,389 {\an1}from aircraft carriers like this one based in the persian gulf 710 00:14:26,389 --> 00:14:26,399 {\an1}based in the persian gulf 711 00:14:26,399 --> 00:14:28,870 {\an1}based in the persian gulf and lay siege to iraq 712 00:14:28,870 --> 00:14:28,880 {\an1}and lay siege to iraq 713 00:14:28,880 --> 00:14:32,069 {\an1}and lay siege to iraq a voice reported to be saddam hussein's 714 00:14:32,069 --> 00:14:32,079 {\an1}a voice reported to be saddam hussein's 715 00:14:32,079 --> 00:14:34,470 {\an1}a voice reported to be saddam hussein's announced on iraqi radio 716 00:14:34,470 --> 00:14:34,480 {\an1}announced on iraqi radio 717 00:14:34,480 --> 00:14:36,710 {\an1}announced on iraqi radio the mother of all battles 718 00:14:36,710 --> 00:14:36,720 {\an1}the mother of all battles 719 00:14:36,720 --> 00:14:42,069 {\an1}the mother of all battles has begun 720 00:14:42,069 --> 00:14:42,079 {\an1} 721 00:14:42,079 --> 00:14:44,790 {\an1}the basic principle of the gulf war as 722 00:14:44,790 --> 00:14:44,800 {\an1}the basic principle of the gulf war as 723 00:14:44,800 --> 00:14:47,189 {\an1}the basic principle of the gulf war as far as the western alliance is concerned 724 00:14:47,189 --> 00:14:47,199 {\an1}far as the western alliance is concerned 725 00:14:47,199 --> 00:14:49,829 {\an1}far as the western alliance is concerned is to as far as possible eliminate 726 00:14:49,829 --> 00:14:49,839 {\an1}is to as far as possible eliminate 727 00:14:49,839 --> 00:14:53,030 {\an1}is to as far as possible eliminate allied flatten the iraqi defenses before 728 00:14:53,030 --> 00:14:53,040 {\an1}allied flatten the iraqi defenses before 729 00:14:53,040 --> 00:14:55,189 {\an1}allied flatten the iraqi defenses before an invasion takes place on land and so 730 00:14:55,189 --> 00:14:55,199 {\an1}an invasion takes place on land and so 731 00:14:55,199 --> 00:14:57,590 {\an1}an invasion takes place on land and so for that reason air assault is crucially 732 00:14:57,590 --> 00:14:57,600 {\an1}for that reason air assault is crucially 733 00:14:57,600 --> 00:15:00,470 {\an1}for that reason air assault is crucially important 734 00:15:00,470 --> 00:15:00,480 {\an1} 735 00:15:00,480 --> 00:15:01,910 {\an1}air superiority has been the most 736 00:15:01,910 --> 00:15:01,920 {\an1}air superiority has been the most 737 00:15:01,920 --> 00:15:03,189 {\an1}air superiority has been the most important thing since the second world 738 00:15:03,189 --> 00:15:03,199 {\an1}important thing since the second world 739 00:15:03,199 --> 00:15:03,990 {\an1}important thing since the second world war 740 00:15:03,990 --> 00:15:04,000 {\an1}war 741 00:15:04,000 --> 00:15:06,550 {\an1}war and in iraq it is felt that the u.s air 742 00:15:06,550 --> 00:15:06,560 {\an1}and in iraq it is felt that the u.s air 743 00:15:06,560 --> 00:15:08,389 {\an1}and in iraq it is felt that the u.s air force and the royal air force between 744 00:15:08,389 --> 00:15:08,399 {\an1}force and the royal air force between 745 00:15:08,399 --> 00:15:15,030 {\an1}force and the royal air force between them can do much of the heavy lifting 746 00:15:15,030 --> 00:15:15,040 {\an1} 747 00:15:15,040 --> 00:15:17,670 {\an1}raf pilot john peters alongside his 748 00:15:17,670 --> 00:15:17,680 {\an1}raf pilot john peters alongside his 749 00:15:17,680 --> 00:15:20,389 {\an1}raf pilot john peters alongside his navigator john nicol flew their first 750 00:15:20,389 --> 00:15:20,399 {\an1}navigator john nicol flew their first 751 00:15:20,399 --> 00:15:23,350 {\an1}navigator john nicol flew their first mission on day one of the war 752 00:15:23,350 --> 00:15:23,360 {\an1}mission on day one of the war 753 00:15:23,360 --> 00:15:27,189 {\an1}mission on day one of the war the plan was we were going to attack a 754 00:15:27,189 --> 00:15:27,199 {\an1}the plan was we were going to attack a 755 00:15:27,199 --> 00:15:29,509 {\an1}the plan was we were going to attack a an airfield to the southeast of baghdad 756 00:15:29,509 --> 00:15:29,519 {\an1}an airfield to the southeast of baghdad 757 00:15:29,519 --> 00:15:31,829 {\an1}an airfield to the southeast of baghdad the main operating base 758 00:15:31,829 --> 00:15:31,839 {\an1}the main operating base 759 00:15:31,839 --> 00:15:33,990 {\an1}the main operating base we arrived in at midnight and we're told 760 00:15:33,990 --> 00:15:34,000 {\an1}we arrived in at midnight and we're told 761 00:15:34,000 --> 00:15:35,749 {\an1}we arrived in at midnight and we're told we're going at six in the morning 762 00:15:35,749 --> 00:15:35,759 {\an1}we're going at six in the morning 763 00:15:35,759 --> 00:15:37,350 {\an1}we're going at six in the morning it was a high low high sorter which 764 00:15:37,350 --> 00:15:37,360 {\an1}it was a high low high sorter which 765 00:15:37,360 --> 00:15:38,710 {\an1}it was a high low high sorter which means you're going at high level to get 766 00:15:38,710 --> 00:15:38,720 {\an1}means you're going at high level to get 767 00:15:38,720 --> 00:15:41,110 {\an1}means you're going at high level to get range drop down below the radar horizons 768 00:15:41,110 --> 00:15:41,120 {\an1}range drop down below the radar horizons 769 00:15:41,120 --> 00:15:44,230 {\an1}range drop down below the radar horizons get to low level to attack the airfield 770 00:15:44,230 --> 00:15:44,240 {\an1}get to low level to attack the airfield 771 00:15:44,240 --> 00:15:46,790 {\an1}get to low level to attack the airfield and then come out low level and back 772 00:15:46,790 --> 00:15:46,800 {\an1}and then come out low level and back 773 00:15:46,800 --> 00:15:48,710 {\an1}and then come out low level and back high to get home 774 00:15:48,710 --> 00:15:48,720 {\an1}high to get home 775 00:15:48,720 --> 00:15:51,030 {\an1}high to get home that first week the sorties were all at 776 00:15:51,030 --> 00:15:51,040 {\an1}that first week the sorties were all at 777 00:15:51,040 --> 00:15:54,069 {\an1}that first week the sorties were all at low level at night that was largely to 778 00:15:54,069 --> 00:15:54,079 {\an1}low level at night that was largely to 779 00:15:54,079 --> 00:15:56,629 {\an1}low level at night that was largely to evade the iraqi defenses but we were 780 00:15:56,629 --> 00:15:56,639 {\an1}evade the iraqi defenses but we were 781 00:15:56,639 --> 00:15:58,870 {\an1}evade the iraqi defenses but we were taking quite a few losses so we were 782 00:15:58,870 --> 00:15:58,880 {\an1}taking quite a few losses so we were 783 00:15:58,880 --> 00:16:01,030 {\an1}taking quite a few losses so we were losing i think roughly an aircraft a day 784 00:16:01,030 --> 00:16:01,040 {\an1}losing i think roughly an aircraft a day 785 00:16:01,040 --> 00:16:02,710 {\an1}losing i think roughly an aircraft a day from the tornado force on those 786 00:16:02,710 --> 00:16:02,720 {\an1}from the tornado force on those 787 00:16:02,720 --> 00:16:04,629 {\an1}from the tornado force on those low-level sorties 788 00:16:04,629 --> 00:16:04,639 {\an1}low-level sorties 789 00:16:04,639 --> 00:16:07,030 {\an1}low-level sorties and we lost a crew from our own squadron 790 00:16:07,030 --> 00:16:07,040 {\an1}and we lost a crew from our own squadron 791 00:16:07,040 --> 00:16:08,230 {\an1}and we lost a crew from our own squadron and you don't know what's happened to 792 00:16:08,230 --> 00:16:08,240 {\an1}and you don't know what's happened to 793 00:16:08,240 --> 00:16:09,990 {\an1}and you don't know what's happened to them you know they didn't come back from 794 00:16:09,990 --> 00:16:10,000 {\an1}them you know they didn't come back from 795 00:16:10,000 --> 00:16:11,189 {\an1}them you know they didn't come back from sortie 796 00:16:11,189 --> 00:16:11,199 {\an1}sortie 797 00:16:11,199 --> 00:16:12,550 {\an1}sortie you don't know if they're alive or not 798 00:16:12,550 --> 00:16:12,560 {\an1}you don't know if they're alive or not 799 00:16:12,560 --> 00:16:14,949 {\an1}you don't know if they're alive or not sadly they were killed in the crash 800 00:16:14,949 --> 00:16:14,959 {\an1}sadly they were killed in the crash 801 00:16:14,959 --> 00:16:19,030 {\an1}sadly they were killed in the crash but you've just got to get on with it 802 00:16:19,030 --> 00:16:19,040 {\an1} 803 00:16:19,040 --> 00:16:21,110 {\an1}on the way in we got shot at by guns and 804 00:16:21,110 --> 00:16:21,120 {\an1}on the way in we got shot at by guns and 805 00:16:21,120 --> 00:16:24,150 {\an1}on the way in we got shot at by guns and missiles and anti-aircraft bullets 806 00:16:24,150 --> 00:16:24,160 {\an1}missiles and anti-aircraft bullets 807 00:16:24,160 --> 00:16:26,389 {\an1}missiles and anti-aircraft bullets just everywhere missiles and bullets and 808 00:16:26,389 --> 00:16:26,399 {\an1}just everywhere missiles and bullets and 809 00:16:26,399 --> 00:16:30,550 {\an1}just everywhere missiles and bullets and everything everyone's shooting at us 810 00:16:30,550 --> 00:16:30,560 {\an1} 811 00:16:30,560 --> 00:16:32,389 {\an1}came off at target and we're heading 812 00:16:32,389 --> 00:16:32,399 {\an1}came off at target and we're heading 813 00:16:32,399 --> 00:16:34,230 {\an1}came off at target and we're heading home here about 50 feet above the ground 814 00:16:34,230 --> 00:16:34,240 {\an1}home here about 50 feet above the ground 815 00:16:34,240 --> 00:16:36,710 {\an1}home here about 50 feet above the ground doing 600 knots on the way back and then 816 00:16:36,710 --> 00:16:36,720 {\an1}doing 600 knots on the way back and then 817 00:16:36,720 --> 00:16:37,910 {\an1}doing 600 knots on the way back and then suddenly 818 00:16:37,910 --> 00:16:37,920 {\an1}suddenly 819 00:16:37,920 --> 00:16:40,069 {\an1}suddenly you get this huge cup bang and the whole 820 00:16:40,069 --> 00:16:40,079 {\an1}you get this huge cup bang and the whole 821 00:16:40,079 --> 00:16:41,910 {\an1}you get this huge cup bang and the whole aircraft is shunted across the desert 822 00:16:41,910 --> 00:16:41,920 {\an1}aircraft is shunted across the desert 823 00:16:41,920 --> 00:16:43,030 {\an1}aircraft is shunted across the desert floor 824 00:16:43,030 --> 00:16:43,040 {\an1}floor 825 00:16:43,040 --> 00:16:44,790 {\an1}floor the aircraft rotated a couple of times 826 00:16:44,790 --> 00:16:44,800 {\an1}the aircraft rotated a couple of times 827 00:16:44,800 --> 00:16:46,310 {\an1}the aircraft rotated a couple of times so i'm seeing sand and sky and pushing 828 00:16:46,310 --> 00:16:46,320 {\an1}so i'm seeing sand and sky and pushing 829 00:16:46,320 --> 00:16:48,230 {\an1}so i'm seeing sand and sky and pushing this stick and say i can't hold it 830 00:16:48,230 --> 00:16:48,240 {\an1}this stick and say i can't hold it 831 00:16:48,240 --> 00:16:50,310 {\an1}this stick and say i can't hold it prepare to eject john nichols said don't 832 00:16:50,310 --> 00:16:50,320 {\an1}prepare to eject john nichols said don't 833 00:16:50,320 --> 00:16:52,470 {\an1}prepare to eject john nichols said don't you bloody well eject 834 00:16:52,470 --> 00:16:52,480 {\an1}you bloody well eject 835 00:16:52,480 --> 00:16:54,790 {\an1}you bloody well eject but the damage to their tornado was too 836 00:16:54,790 --> 00:16:54,800 {\an1}but the damage to their tornado was too 837 00:16:54,800 --> 00:16:56,870 {\an1}but the damage to their tornado was too much to recover from 838 00:16:56,870 --> 00:16:56,880 {\an1}much to recover from 839 00:16:56,880 --> 00:16:58,550 {\an1}much to recover from basey and missile gone right up our 840 00:16:58,550 --> 00:16:58,560 {\an1}basey and missile gone right up our 841 00:16:58,560 --> 00:17:00,710 {\an1}basey and missile gone right up our right hand engine and exploded 842 00:17:00,710 --> 00:17:00,720 {\an1}right hand engine and exploded 843 00:17:00,720 --> 00:17:02,310 {\an1}right hand engine and exploded we flew for two three minutes trying to 844 00:17:02,310 --> 00:17:02,320 {\an1}we flew for two three minutes trying to 845 00:17:02,320 --> 00:17:04,470 {\an1}we flew for two three minutes trying to solve the problem and then john started 846 00:17:04,470 --> 00:17:04,480 {\an1}solve the problem and then john started 847 00:17:04,480 --> 00:17:07,110 {\an1}solve the problem and then john started screaming we're on fire on fire and 848 00:17:07,110 --> 00:17:07,120 {\an1}screaming we're on fire on fire and 849 00:17:07,120 --> 00:17:08,870 {\an1}screaming we're on fire on fire and basically we were in a ball of flame you 850 00:17:08,870 --> 00:17:08,880 {\an1}basically we were in a ball of flame you 851 00:17:08,880 --> 00:17:10,390 {\an1}basically we were in a ball of flame you couldn't see any of the aircraft it was 852 00:17:10,390 --> 00:17:10,400 {\an1}couldn't see any of the aircraft it was 853 00:17:10,400 --> 00:17:11,270 {\an1}couldn't see any of the aircraft it was orange 854 00:17:11,270 --> 00:17:11,280 {\an1}orange 855 00:17:11,280 --> 00:17:12,630 {\an1}orange it was like flying the nose of an 856 00:17:12,630 --> 00:17:12,640 {\an1}it was like flying the nose of an 857 00:17:12,640 --> 00:17:14,789 {\an1}it was like flying the nose of an aircraft outside this comet of flame i 858 00:17:14,789 --> 00:17:14,799 {\an1}aircraft outside this comet of flame i 859 00:17:14,799 --> 00:17:17,189 {\an1}aircraft outside this comet of flame i mean it was just a ball of orange flame 860 00:17:17,189 --> 00:17:17,199 {\an1}mean it was just a ball of orange flame 861 00:17:17,199 --> 00:17:22,789 {\an1}mean it was just a ball of orange flame so that's when we decided to eject 862 00:17:22,789 --> 00:17:22,799 {\an1} 863 00:17:22,799 --> 00:17:24,470 {\an1}what made the gulf war different from 864 00:17:24,470 --> 00:17:24,480 {\an1}what made the gulf war different from 865 00:17:24,480 --> 00:17:26,630 {\an1}what made the gulf war different from previous conflicts was the news 866 00:17:26,630 --> 00:17:26,640 {\an1}previous conflicts was the news 867 00:17:26,640 --> 00:17:28,950 {\an1}previous conflicts was the news reporting from the front line we weren't 868 00:17:28,950 --> 00:17:28,960 {\an1}reporting from the front line we weren't 869 00:17:28,960 --> 00:17:32,310 {\an1}reporting from the front line we weren't just passive observers anymore now with 870 00:17:32,310 --> 00:17:32,320 {\an1}just passive observers anymore now with 871 00:17:32,320 --> 00:17:34,630 {\an1}just passive observers anymore now with 24-hour news channels we could see 872 00:17:34,630 --> 00:17:34,640 {\an1}24-hour news channels we could see 873 00:17:34,640 --> 00:17:37,510 {\an1}24-hour news channels we could see things happening in real time sometimes 874 00:17:37,510 --> 00:17:37,520 {\an1}things happening in real time sometimes 875 00:17:37,520 --> 00:17:40,390 {\an1}things happening in real time sometimes we'd see events unfold from thousands of 876 00:17:40,390 --> 00:17:40,400 {\an1}we'd see events unfold from thousands of 877 00:17:40,400 --> 00:17:42,390 {\an1}we'd see events unfold from thousands of miles away even before a lot of the 878 00:17:42,390 --> 00:17:42,400 {\an1}miles away even before a lot of the 879 00:17:42,400 --> 00:17:45,590 {\an1}miles away even before a lot of the troops on the ground did 880 00:17:45,590 --> 00:17:45,600 {\an1}troops on the ground did 881 00:17:45,600 --> 00:17:46,630 {\an1}troops on the ground did for me 882 00:17:46,630 --> 00:17:46,640 {\an1}for me 883 00:17:46,640 --> 00:17:48,870 {\an1}for me when the air war started we deployed out 884 00:17:48,870 --> 00:17:48,880 {\an1}when the air war started we deployed out 885 00:17:48,880 --> 00:17:50,390 {\an1}when the air war started we deployed out to the middle of the desert and quite 886 00:17:50,390 --> 00:17:50,400 {\an1}to the middle of the desert and quite 887 00:17:50,400 --> 00:17:53,029 {\an1}to the middle of the desert and quite frankly we didn't have any news 888 00:17:53,029 --> 00:17:53,039 {\an1}frankly we didn't have any news 889 00:17:53,039 --> 00:17:54,470 {\an1}frankly we didn't have any news and there wasn't radio and there wasn't 890 00:17:54,470 --> 00:17:54,480 {\an1}and there wasn't radio and there wasn't 891 00:17:54,480 --> 00:17:57,350 {\an1}and there wasn't radio and there wasn't tv and there wasn't the internet and so 892 00:17:57,350 --> 00:17:57,360 {\an1}tv and there wasn't the internet and so 893 00:17:57,360 --> 00:17:59,669 {\an1}tv and there wasn't the internet and so the only news we got was the little 894 00:17:59,669 --> 00:17:59,679 {\an1}the only news we got was the little 895 00:17:59,679 --> 00:18:01,909 {\an1}the only news we got was the little evening briefing from the commander and 896 00:18:01,909 --> 00:18:01,919 {\an1}evening briefing from the commander and 897 00:18:01,919 --> 00:18:03,830 {\an1}evening briefing from the commander and he would tell you if somebody got shot 898 00:18:03,830 --> 00:18:03,840 {\an1}he would tell you if somebody got shot 899 00:18:03,840 --> 00:18:06,070 {\an1}he would tell you if somebody got shot down but we were really pretty close to 900 00:18:06,070 --> 00:18:06,080 {\an1}down but we were really pretty close to 901 00:18:06,080 --> 00:18:09,909 {\an1}down but we were really pretty close to unaware of what was happening 902 00:18:09,909 --> 00:18:09,919 {\an1} 903 00:18:09,919 --> 00:18:11,669 {\an1}there are some really odd stories of 904 00:18:11,669 --> 00:18:11,679 {\an1}there are some really odd stories of 905 00:18:11,679 --> 00:18:13,990 {\an1}there are some really odd stories of people being on the phone to families 906 00:18:13,990 --> 00:18:14,000 {\an1}people being on the phone to families 907 00:18:14,000 --> 00:18:16,390 {\an1}people being on the phone to families back home and being told that the news 908 00:18:16,390 --> 00:18:16,400 {\an1}back home and being told that the news 909 00:18:16,400 --> 00:18:17,669 {\an1}back home and being told that the news says the iraqis have launched god 910 00:18:17,669 --> 00:18:17,679 {\an1}says the iraqis have launched god 911 00:18:17,679 --> 00:18:19,590 {\an1}says the iraqis have launched god missiles against your base so 912 00:18:19,590 --> 00:18:19,600 {\an1}missiles against your base so 913 00:18:19,600 --> 00:18:20,710 {\an1}missiles against your base so while you're talking to me you need to 914 00:18:20,710 --> 00:18:20,720 {\an1}while you're talking to me you need to 915 00:18:20,720 --> 00:18:23,190 {\an1}while you're talking to me you need to be running for a shelter and then the 916 00:18:23,190 --> 00:18:23,200 {\an1}be running for a shelter and then the 917 00:18:23,200 --> 00:18:25,270 {\an1}be running for a shelter and then the air raid siren's going off on the base 918 00:18:25,270 --> 00:18:25,280 {\an1}air raid siren's going off on the base 919 00:18:25,280 --> 00:18:26,950 {\an1}air raid siren's going off on the base so they've known about leicester somehow 920 00:18:26,950 --> 00:18:26,960 {\an1}so they've known about leicester somehow 921 00:18:26,960 --> 00:18:30,950 {\an1}so they've known about leicester somehow [Music] 922 00:18:30,950 --> 00:18:30,960 {\an1} 923 00:18:30,960 --> 00:18:33,350 {\an1}we did a very kind of audacious 924 00:18:33,350 --> 00:18:33,360 {\an1}we did a very kind of audacious 925 00:18:33,360 --> 00:18:35,669 {\an1}we did a very kind of audacious unilateral one day where we went right 926 00:18:35,669 --> 00:18:35,679 {\an1}unilateral one day where we went right 927 00:18:35,679 --> 00:18:37,830 {\an1}unilateral one day where we went right up onto the border with kuwait the 928 00:18:37,830 --> 00:18:37,840 {\an1}up onto the border with kuwait the 929 00:18:37,840 --> 00:18:41,270 {\an1}up onto the border with kuwait the border is marked by a sand bank of berm 930 00:18:41,270 --> 00:18:41,280 {\an1}border is marked by a sand bank of berm 931 00:18:41,280 --> 00:18:43,990 {\an1}border is marked by a sand bank of berm and we used that berm as a sort of 932 00:18:43,990 --> 00:18:44,000 {\an1}and we used that berm as a sort of 933 00:18:44,000 --> 00:18:45,350 {\an1}and we used that berm as a sort of covered position 934 00:18:45,350 --> 00:18:45,360 {\an1}covered position 935 00:18:45,360 --> 00:18:48,230 {\an1}covered position to film into kuwait and as we were there 936 00:18:48,230 --> 00:18:48,240 {\an1}to film into kuwait and as we were there 937 00:18:48,240 --> 00:18:50,710 {\an1}to film into kuwait and as we were there some u.s marine aircraft appeared on the 938 00:18:50,710 --> 00:18:50,720 {\an1}some u.s marine aircraft appeared on the 939 00:18:50,720 --> 00:18:53,590 {\an1}some u.s marine aircraft appeared on the scene and actually started an airstrike 940 00:18:53,590 --> 00:18:53,600 {\an1}scene and actually started an airstrike 941 00:18:53,600 --> 00:18:55,590 {\an1}scene and actually started an airstrike just several hundred meters in front of 942 00:18:55,590 --> 00:18:55,600 {\an1}just several hundred meters in front of 943 00:18:55,600 --> 00:18:58,390 {\an1}just several hundred meters in front of us and so we filmed american marine 944 00:18:58,390 --> 00:18:58,400 {\an1}us and so we filmed american marine 945 00:18:58,400 --> 00:19:01,110 {\an1}us and so we filmed american marine harriers cluster bombing these iraqi 946 00:19:01,110 --> 00:19:01,120 {\an1}harriers cluster bombing these iraqi 947 00:19:01,120 --> 00:19:02,230 {\an1}harriers cluster bombing these iraqi units 948 00:19:02,230 --> 00:19:02,240 {\an1}units 949 00:19:02,240 --> 00:19:04,310 {\an1}units from pretty close up you could hear the 950 00:19:04,310 --> 00:19:04,320 {\an1}from pretty close up you could hear the 951 00:19:04,320 --> 00:19:05,990 {\an1}from pretty close up you could hear the crackle of the cluster bombs and the 952 00:19:05,990 --> 00:19:06,000 {\an1}crackle of the cluster bombs and the 953 00:19:06,000 --> 00:19:07,430 {\an1}crackle of the cluster bombs and the thump of the other bombs they were 954 00:19:07,430 --> 00:19:07,440 {\an1}thump of the other bombs they were 955 00:19:07,440 --> 00:19:09,830 {\an1}thump of the other bombs they were dropping we were very near to it so what 956 00:19:09,830 --> 00:19:09,840 {\an1}dropping we were very near to it so what 957 00:19:09,840 --> 00:19:12,230 {\an1}dropping we were very near to it so what we were trying to do was cover and 958 00:19:12,230 --> 00:19:12,240 {\an1}we were trying to do was cover and 959 00:19:12,240 --> 00:19:14,710 {\an1}we were trying to do was cover and convey the reality of what was an air 960 00:19:14,710 --> 00:19:14,720 {\an1}convey the reality of what was an air 961 00:19:14,720 --> 00:19:16,870 {\an1}convey the reality of what was an air war 962 00:19:16,870 --> 00:19:16,880 {\an1}war 963 00:19:16,880 --> 00:19:18,630 {\an1}war during the air strikes of operation 964 00:19:18,630 --> 00:19:18,640 {\an1}during the air strikes of operation 965 00:19:18,640 --> 00:19:21,909 {\an1}during the air strikes of operation desert storm over 88 and a half thousand 966 00:19:21,909 --> 00:19:21,919 {\an1}desert storm over 88 and a half thousand 967 00:19:21,919 --> 00:19:24,549 {\an1}desert storm over 88 and a half thousand tons of bombs were dropped by coalition 968 00:19:24,549 --> 00:19:24,559 {\an1}tons of bombs were dropped by coalition 969 00:19:24,559 --> 00:19:25,909 {\an1}tons of bombs were dropped by coalition forces 970 00:19:25,909 --> 00:19:25,919 {\an1}forces 971 00:19:25,919 --> 00:19:28,070 {\an1}forces new technology meant that on-board 972 00:19:28,070 --> 00:19:28,080 {\an1}new technology meant that on-board 973 00:19:28,080 --> 00:19:30,390 {\an1}new technology meant that on-board cameras and night vision footage 974 00:19:30,390 --> 00:19:30,400 {\an1}cameras and night vision footage 975 00:19:30,400 --> 00:19:32,710 {\an1}cameras and night vision footage captured the annihilation of iraqi 976 00:19:32,710 --> 00:19:32,720 {\an1}captured the annihilation of iraqi 977 00:19:32,720 --> 00:19:36,390 {\an1}captured the annihilation of iraqi targets for all to see 978 00:19:36,390 --> 00:19:36,400 {\an1}targets for all to see 979 00:19:36,400 --> 00:19:38,710 {\an1}targets for all to see it was very very showy 980 00:19:38,710 --> 00:19:38,720 {\an1}it was very very showy 981 00:19:38,720 --> 00:19:41,510 {\an1}it was very very showy the use of very sophisticated weapons 982 00:19:41,510 --> 00:19:41,520 {\an1}the use of very sophisticated weapons 983 00:19:41,520 --> 00:19:44,630 {\an1}the use of very sophisticated weapons very sophisticated aircraft all of the 984 00:19:44,630 --> 00:19:44,640 {\an1}very sophisticated aircraft all of the 985 00:19:44,640 --> 00:19:48,150 {\an1}very sophisticated aircraft all of the stuff was it was almost like an air show 986 00:19:48,150 --> 00:19:48,160 {\an1}stuff was it was almost like an air show 987 00:19:48,160 --> 00:19:50,870 {\an1}stuff was it was almost like an air show because actually it was all designed for 988 00:19:50,870 --> 00:19:50,880 {\an1}because actually it was all designed for 989 00:19:50,880 --> 00:19:53,029 {\an1}because actually it was all designed for a war with the soviet union and instead 990 00:19:53,029 --> 00:19:53,039 {\an1}a war with the soviet union and instead 991 00:19:53,039 --> 00:19:55,190 {\an1}a war with the soviet union and instead of the soviet union you had 992 00:19:55,190 --> 00:19:55,200 {\an1}of the soviet union you had 993 00:19:55,200 --> 00:19:57,270 {\an1}of the soviet union you had saddam hussein 994 00:19:57,270 --> 00:19:57,280 {\an1}saddam hussein 995 00:19:57,280 --> 00:19:58,789 {\an1}saddam hussein for critics of the war it suggested a 996 00:19:58,789 --> 00:19:58,799 {\an1}for critics of the war it suggested a 997 00:19:58,799 --> 00:20:00,710 {\an1}for critics of the war it suggested a kind of detachment from the horror of 998 00:20:00,710 --> 00:20:00,720 {\an1}kind of detachment from the horror of 999 00:20:00,720 --> 00:20:03,270 {\an1}kind of detachment from the horror of what took place 1000 00:20:03,270 --> 00:20:03,280 {\an1}what took place 1001 00:20:03,280 --> 00:20:04,870 {\an1}what took place something we see now with the use of 1002 00:20:04,870 --> 00:20:04,880 {\an1}something we see now with the use of 1003 00:20:04,880 --> 00:20:07,350 {\an1}something we see now with the use of drones that the horrors can be 1004 00:20:07,350 --> 00:20:07,360 {\an1}drones that the horrors can be 1005 00:20:07,360 --> 00:20:09,909 {\an1}drones that the horrors can be perpetrated without real awareness of 1006 00:20:09,909 --> 00:20:09,919 {\an1}perpetrated without real awareness of 1007 00:20:09,919 --> 00:20:14,950 {\an1}perpetrated without real awareness of the human cost 1008 00:20:14,950 --> 00:20:14,960 {\an1} 1009 00:20:14,960 --> 00:20:16,470 {\an1}and the critics of the war certainly it 1010 00:20:16,470 --> 00:20:16,480 {\an1}and the critics of the war certainly it 1011 00:20:16,480 --> 00:20:17,669 {\an1}and the critics of the war certainly it could appear to be almost an 1012 00:20:17,669 --> 00:20:17,679 {\an1}could appear to be almost an 1013 00:20:17,679 --> 00:20:19,029 {\an1}could appear to be almost an entertainment 1014 00:20:19,029 --> 00:20:19,039 {\an1}entertainment 1015 00:20:19,039 --> 00:20:21,750 {\an1}entertainment for viewers watching this at home rather 1016 00:20:21,750 --> 00:20:21,760 {\an1}for viewers watching this at home rather 1017 00:20:21,760 --> 00:20:23,430 {\an1}for viewers watching this at home rather than a war in which people weren't 1018 00:20:23,430 --> 00:20:23,440 {\an1}than a war in which people weren't 1019 00:20:23,440 --> 00:20:26,789 {\an1}than a war in which people weren't losing their lives 1020 00:20:26,789 --> 00:20:26,799 {\an1} 1021 00:20:26,799 --> 00:20:29,350 {\an1}the coalition forces obliterated the 1022 00:20:29,350 --> 00:20:29,360 {\an1}the coalition forces obliterated the 1023 00:20:29,360 --> 00:20:32,470 {\an1}the coalition forces obliterated the iraqi defenses from above 1024 00:20:32,470 --> 00:20:32,480 {\an1}iraqi defenses from above 1025 00:20:32,480 --> 00:20:34,630 {\an1}iraqi defenses from above but not without suffering casualties of 1026 00:20:34,630 --> 00:20:34,640 {\an1}but not without suffering casualties of 1027 00:20:34,640 --> 00:20:35,750 {\an1}but not without suffering casualties of their own 1028 00:20:35,750 --> 00:20:35,760 {\an1}their own 1029 00:20:35,760 --> 00:20:38,470 {\an1}their own some personnel were shot down 1030 00:20:38,470 --> 00:20:38,480 {\an1}some personnel were shot down 1031 00:20:38,480 --> 00:20:42,310 {\an1}some personnel were shot down captured and tortured behind enemy lines 1032 00:20:42,310 --> 00:20:42,320 {\an1}captured and tortured behind enemy lines 1033 00:20:42,320 --> 00:20:51,120 {\an1}captured and tortured behind enemy lines [Music] 1034 00:20:51,120 --> 00:20:51,130 {\an1} 1035 00:20:51,130 --> 00:20:53,590 {\an1} [Music] 1036 00:20:53,590 --> 00:20:53,600 {\an1}[Music] 1037 00:20:53,600 --> 00:20:55,750 {\an1}[Music] the gulf war is often noted as being 1038 00:20:55,750 --> 00:20:55,760 {\an1}the gulf war is often noted as being 1039 00:20:55,760 --> 00:20:58,029 {\an1}the gulf war is often noted as being incredibly one-sided 1040 00:20:58,029 --> 00:20:58,039 {\an1}incredibly one-sided 1041 00:20:58,039 --> 00:21:01,590 {\an1}incredibly one-sided 292 coalition troops lost their lives 1042 00:21:01,590 --> 00:21:01,600 {\an1}292 coalition troops lost their lives 1043 00:21:01,600 --> 00:21:03,510 {\an1}292 coalition troops lost their lives compared with tens of thousands of 1044 00:21:03,510 --> 00:21:03,520 {\an1}compared with tens of thousands of 1045 00:21:03,520 --> 00:21:05,190 {\an1}compared with tens of thousands of iraqis 1046 00:21:05,190 --> 00:21:05,200 {\an1}iraqis 1047 00:21:05,200 --> 00:21:07,270 {\an1}iraqis however some coalition members had an 1048 00:21:07,270 --> 00:21:07,280 {\an1}however some coalition members had an 1049 00:21:07,280 --> 00:21:12,630 {\an1}however some coalition members had an extremely traumatic experience 1050 00:21:12,630 --> 00:21:12,640 {\an1} 1051 00:21:12,640 --> 00:21:15,590 {\an1}raf pilot john peters and navigator john 1052 00:21:15,590 --> 00:21:15,600 {\an1}raf pilot john peters and navigator john 1053 00:21:15,600 --> 00:21:18,870 {\an1}raf pilot john peters and navigator john nichol had been shot down with no idea 1054 00:21:18,870 --> 00:21:18,880 {\an1}nichol had been shot down with no idea 1055 00:21:18,880 --> 00:21:23,669 {\an1}nichol had been shot down with no idea what would happen next 1056 00:21:23,669 --> 00:21:23,679 {\an1} 1057 00:21:23,679 --> 00:21:25,270 {\an1}we're in the desert for about two hours 1058 00:21:25,270 --> 00:21:25,280 {\an1}we're in the desert for about two hours 1059 00:21:25,280 --> 00:21:27,750 {\an1}we're in the desert for about two hours i mean it was fascicle because we had 1060 00:21:27,750 --> 00:21:27,760 {\an1}i mean it was fascicle because we had 1061 00:21:27,760 --> 00:21:30,870 {\an1}i mean it was fascicle because we had bright orange dinghies bright orange 1062 00:21:30,870 --> 00:21:30,880 {\an1}bright orange dinghies bright orange 1063 00:21:30,880 --> 00:21:32,310 {\an1}bright orange dinghies bright orange life jackets 1064 00:21:32,310 --> 00:21:32,320 {\an1}life jackets 1065 00:21:32,320 --> 00:21:34,149 {\an1}life jackets burning tornadoes so we stood up like a 1066 00:21:34,149 --> 00:21:34,159 {\an1}burning tornadoes so we stood up like a 1067 00:21:34,159 --> 00:21:35,190 {\an1}burning tornadoes so we stood up like a sore thumb 1068 00:21:35,190 --> 00:21:35,200 {\an1}sore thumb 1069 00:21:35,200 --> 00:21:37,830 {\an1}sore thumb we had a plan uh tried to follow it but 1070 00:21:37,830 --> 00:21:37,840 {\an1}we had a plan uh tried to follow it but 1071 00:21:37,840 --> 00:21:40,149 {\an1}we had a plan uh tried to follow it but two to three hours later about 20 iraqi 1072 00:21:40,149 --> 00:21:40,159 {\an1}two to three hours later about 20 iraqi 1073 00:21:40,159 --> 00:21:41,669 {\an1}two to three hours later about 20 iraqi soldiers found us 1074 00:21:41,669 --> 00:21:41,679 {\an1}soldiers found us 1075 00:21:41,679 --> 00:21:44,549 {\an1}soldiers found us 20 guys with klashnikov machine guns 1076 00:21:44,549 --> 00:21:44,559 {\an1}20 guys with klashnikov machine guns 1077 00:21:44,559 --> 00:21:46,390 {\an1}20 guys with klashnikov machine guns i just taken out because i wore contact 1078 00:21:46,390 --> 00:21:46,400 {\an1}i just taken out because i wore contact 1079 00:21:46,400 --> 00:21:47,430 {\an1}i just taken out because i wore contact lenses and i thought i don't want my 1080 00:21:47,430 --> 00:21:47,440 {\an1}lenses and i thought i don't want my 1081 00:21:47,440 --> 00:21:48,950 {\an1}lenses and i thought i don't want my contact lens in because i 1082 00:21:48,950 --> 00:21:48,960 {\an1}contact lens in because i 1083 00:21:48,960 --> 00:21:50,710 {\an1}contact lens in because i thought we're going to get captured or 1084 00:21:50,710 --> 00:21:50,720 {\an1}thought we're going to get captured or 1085 00:21:50,720 --> 00:21:51,750 {\an1}thought we're going to get captured or killed 1086 00:21:51,750 --> 00:21:51,760 {\an1}killed 1087 00:21:51,760 --> 00:21:54,070 {\an1}killed so i flicked out my contact lens and put 1088 00:21:54,070 --> 00:21:54,080 {\an1}so i flicked out my contact lens and put 1089 00:21:54,080 --> 00:21:55,830 {\an1}so i flicked out my contact lens and put my glasses on and the contact lens were 1090 00:21:55,830 --> 00:21:55,840 {\an1}my glasses on and the contact lens were 1091 00:21:55,840 --> 00:21:57,990 {\an1}my glasses on and the contact lens were then the very first bullet hit 1092 00:21:57,990 --> 00:21:58,000 {\an1}then the very first bullet hit 1093 00:21:58,000 --> 00:21:58,789 {\an1}then the very first bullet hit and 1094 00:21:58,789 --> 00:21:58,799 {\an1}and 1095 00:21:58,799 --> 00:22:00,710 {\an1}and blew away the contact lens and then 1096 00:22:00,710 --> 00:22:00,720 {\an1}blew away the contact lens and then 1097 00:22:00,720 --> 00:22:01,990 {\an1}blew away the contact lens and then there were hundreds of bullets and 1098 00:22:01,990 --> 00:22:02,000 {\an1}there were hundreds of bullets and 1099 00:22:02,000 --> 00:22:03,430 {\an1}there were hundreds of bullets and barriers in the standby machine gun 1100 00:22:03,430 --> 00:22:03,440 {\an1}barriers in the standby machine gun 1101 00:22:03,440 --> 00:22:05,029 {\an1}barriers in the standby machine gun phone 1102 00:22:05,029 --> 00:22:05,039 {\an1}phone 1103 00:22:05,039 --> 00:22:07,110 {\an1}phone the two men were picked up and held as 1104 00:22:07,110 --> 00:22:07,120 {\an1}the two men were picked up and held as 1105 00:22:07,120 --> 00:22:08,630 {\an1}the two men were picked up and held as prisoners of war 1106 00:22:08,630 --> 00:22:08,640 {\an1}prisoners of war 1107 00:22:08,640 --> 00:22:10,710 {\an1}prisoners of war the news of their capture was broadcast 1108 00:22:10,710 --> 00:22:10,720 {\an1}the news of their capture was broadcast 1109 00:22:10,720 --> 00:22:14,149 {\an1}the news of their capture was broadcast on iraqi tv much to the concern of their 1110 00:22:14,149 --> 00:22:14,159 {\an1}on iraqi tv much to the concern of their 1111 00:22:14,159 --> 00:22:17,270 {\an1}on iraqi tv much to the concern of their colleagues in the raf 1112 00:22:17,270 --> 00:22:17,280 {\an1}colleagues in the raf 1113 00:22:17,280 --> 00:22:19,830 {\an1}colleagues in the raf the first crews that were lost 1114 00:22:19,830 --> 00:22:19,840 {\an1}the first crews that were lost 1115 00:22:19,840 --> 00:22:21,669 {\an1}the first crews that were lost and that then came up on television as 1116 00:22:21,669 --> 00:22:21,679 {\an1}and that then came up on television as 1117 00:22:21,679 --> 00:22:24,390 {\an1}and that then came up on television as pows john peters and john nichol they 1118 00:22:24,390 --> 00:22:24,400 {\an1}pows john peters and john nichol they 1119 00:22:24,400 --> 00:22:27,029 {\an1}pows john peters and john nichol they were from the same bases as from us from 1120 00:22:27,029 --> 00:22:27,039 {\an1}were from the same bases as from us from 1121 00:22:27,039 --> 00:22:29,029 {\an1}were from the same bases as from us from a sister squadron so we knew those guys 1122 00:22:29,029 --> 00:22:29,039 {\an1}a sister squadron so we knew those guys 1123 00:22:29,039 --> 00:22:30,310 {\an1}a sister squadron so we knew those guys we'd been drinking with them in the bar 1124 00:22:30,310 --> 00:22:30,320 {\an1}we'd been drinking with them in the bar 1125 00:22:30,320 --> 00:22:31,830 {\an1}we'd been drinking with them in the bar at la brook 1126 00:22:31,830 --> 00:22:31,840 {\an1}at la brook 1127 00:22:31,840 --> 00:22:33,909 {\an1}at la brook we trained with them 1128 00:22:33,909 --> 00:22:33,919 {\an1}we trained with them 1129 00:22:33,919 --> 00:22:35,669 {\an1}we trained with them we we knew them well 1130 00:22:35,669 --> 00:22:35,679 {\an1}we we knew them well 1131 00:22:35,679 --> 00:22:36,950 {\an1}we we knew them well and 1132 00:22:36,950 --> 00:22:36,960 {\an1}and 1133 00:22:36,960 --> 00:22:38,870 {\an1}and there they are as pows haven't obviously 1134 00:22:38,870 --> 00:22:38,880 {\an1}there they are as pows haven't obviously 1135 00:22:38,880 --> 00:22:41,510 {\an1}there they are as pows haven't obviously been badly treated 1136 00:22:41,510 --> 00:22:41,520 {\an1}been badly treated 1137 00:22:41,520 --> 00:22:43,430 {\an1}been badly treated was i prepared to go to war in terms of 1138 00:22:43,430 --> 00:22:43,440 {\an1}was i prepared to go to war in terms of 1139 00:22:43,440 --> 00:22:46,149 {\an1}was i prepared to go to war in terms of how to operate a tornado and the flying 1140 00:22:46,149 --> 00:22:46,159 {\an1}how to operate a tornado and the flying 1141 00:22:46,159 --> 00:22:47,510 {\an1}how to operate a tornado and the flying side 1142 00:22:47,510 --> 00:22:47,520 {\an1}side 1143 00:22:47,520 --> 00:22:49,270 {\an1}side absolutely 1144 00:22:49,270 --> 00:22:49,280 {\an1}absolutely 1145 00:22:49,280 --> 00:22:52,149 {\an1}absolutely are you prepared for 1146 00:22:52,149 --> 00:22:52,159 {\an1}are you prepared for 1147 00:22:52,159 --> 00:22:55,190 {\an1}are you prepared for being a prisoner of war 1148 00:22:55,190 --> 00:22:55,200 {\an1}being a prisoner of war 1149 00:22:55,200 --> 00:22:57,350 {\an1}being a prisoner of war well what can prepare you for that you 1150 00:22:57,350 --> 00:22:57,360 {\an1}well what can prepare you for that you 1151 00:22:57,360 --> 00:22:59,510 {\an1}well what can prepare you for that you can be told about it you can be told 1152 00:22:59,510 --> 00:22:59,520 {\an1}can be told about it you can be told 1153 00:22:59,520 --> 00:23:00,950 {\an1}can be told about it you can be told look if they break your fingers it's 1154 00:23:00,950 --> 00:23:00,960 {\an1}look if they break your fingers it's 1155 00:23:00,960 --> 00:23:03,029 {\an1}look if they break your fingers it's gonna hurt 1156 00:23:03,029 --> 00:23:03,039 {\an1}gonna hurt 1157 00:23:03,039 --> 00:23:04,870 {\an1}gonna hurt very different when 1158 00:23:04,870 --> 00:23:04,880 {\an1}very different when 1159 00:23:04,880 --> 00:23:07,110 {\an1}very different when you are presented with a gun against 1160 00:23:07,110 --> 00:23:07,120 {\an1}you are presented with a gun against 1161 00:23:07,120 --> 00:23:09,750 {\an1}you are presented with a gun against your head and they pull the trigger or 1162 00:23:09,750 --> 00:23:09,760 {\an1}your head and they pull the trigger or 1163 00:23:09,760 --> 00:23:11,110 {\an1}your head and they pull the trigger or they smash you around the head with a 1164 00:23:11,110 --> 00:23:11,120 {\an1}they smash you around the head with a 1165 00:23:11,120 --> 00:23:12,710 {\an1}they smash you around the head with a baseball bat or they threaten you with 1166 00:23:12,710 --> 00:23:12,720 {\an1}baseball bat or they threaten you with 1167 00:23:12,720 --> 00:23:15,270 {\an1}baseball bat or they threaten you with rape 1168 00:23:15,270 --> 00:23:15,280 {\an1} 1169 00:23:15,280 --> 00:23:16,950 {\an1}you can't really prepare for those 1170 00:23:16,950 --> 00:23:16,960 {\an1}you can't really prepare for those 1171 00:23:16,960 --> 00:23:22,149 {\an1}you can't really prepare for those moments until they happen to 1172 00:23:22,149 --> 00:23:22,159 {\an1} 1173 00:23:22,159 --> 00:23:24,630 {\an1}john was interrogated and tortured for 1174 00:23:24,630 --> 00:23:24,640 {\an1}john was interrogated and tortured for 1175 00:23:24,640 --> 00:23:26,789 {\an1}john was interrogated and tortured for the duration of the war 1176 00:23:26,789 --> 00:23:26,799 {\an1}the duration of the war 1177 00:23:26,799 --> 00:23:28,950 {\an1}the duration of the war he'd been shot down on day one 1178 00:23:28,950 --> 00:23:28,960 {\an1}he'd been shot down on day one 1179 00:23:28,960 --> 00:23:31,350 {\an1}he'd been shot down on day one while u.s army flight surgeon rhonda 1180 00:23:31,350 --> 00:23:31,360 {\an1}while u.s army flight surgeon rhonda 1181 00:23:31,360 --> 00:23:33,909 {\an1}while u.s army flight surgeon rhonda cornum and her crewmates on a blackhawk 1182 00:23:33,909 --> 00:23:33,919 {\an1}cornum and her crewmates on a blackhawk 1183 00:23:33,919 --> 00:23:35,830 {\an1}cornum and her crewmates on a blackhawk helicopter were downed by an 1184 00:23:35,830 --> 00:23:35,840 {\an1}helicopter were downed by an 1185 00:23:35,840 --> 00:23:38,630 {\an1}helicopter were downed by an anti-aircraft gun just a day before the 1186 00:23:38,630 --> 00:23:38,640 {\an1}anti-aircraft gun just a day before the 1187 00:23:38,640 --> 00:23:41,029 {\an1}anti-aircraft gun just a day before the war ended 1188 00:23:41,029 --> 00:23:41,039 {\an1}war ended 1189 00:23:41,039 --> 00:23:42,630 {\an1}war ended getting shut down is certainly a bad 1190 00:23:42,630 --> 00:23:42,640 {\an1}getting shut down is certainly a bad 1191 00:23:42,640 --> 00:23:44,070 {\an1}getting shut down is certainly a bad thing and as we were flying and you 1192 00:23:44,070 --> 00:23:44,080 {\an1}thing and as we were flying and you 1193 00:23:44,080 --> 00:23:45,830 {\an1}thing and as we were flying and you could hear small arms hitting the 1194 00:23:45,830 --> 00:23:45,840 {\an1}could hear small arms hitting the 1195 00:23:45,840 --> 00:23:48,070 {\an1}could hear small arms hitting the aircraft already and then you felt the 1196 00:23:48,070 --> 00:23:48,080 {\an1}aircraft already and then you felt the 1197 00:23:48,080 --> 00:23:49,590 {\an1}aircraft already and then you felt the big shutter and you felt the big lurch 1198 00:23:49,590 --> 00:23:49,600 {\an1}big shutter and you felt the big lurch 1199 00:23:49,600 --> 00:23:51,350 {\an1}big shutter and you felt the big lurch and you knew we were going in 1200 00:23:51,350 --> 00:23:51,360 {\an1}and you knew we were going in 1201 00:23:51,360 --> 00:23:53,510 {\an1}and you knew we were going in and my last conscious thought was i am 1202 00:23:53,510 --> 00:23:53,520 {\an1}and my last conscious thought was i am 1203 00:23:53,520 --> 00:23:55,590 {\an1}and my last conscious thought was i am going to die right here i'd done lots of 1204 00:23:55,590 --> 00:23:55,600 {\an1}going to die right here i'd done lots of 1205 00:23:55,600 --> 00:23:57,430 {\an1}going to die right here i'd done lots of accident investigations in my life i 1206 00:23:57,430 --> 00:23:57,440 {\an1}accident investigations in my life i 1207 00:23:57,440 --> 00:23:59,190 {\an1}accident investigations in my life i knew how fast we were going this was 1208 00:23:59,190 --> 00:23:59,200 {\an1}knew how fast we were going this was 1209 00:23:59,200 --> 00:24:01,350 {\an1}knew how fast we were going this was going to be an unsurvivable way 1210 00:24:01,350 --> 00:24:01,360 {\an1}going to be an unsurvivable way 1211 00:24:01,360 --> 00:24:03,350 {\an1}going to be an unsurvivable way and i thought well at least i'm dying 1212 00:24:03,350 --> 00:24:03,360 {\an1}and i thought well at least i'm dying 1213 00:24:03,360 --> 00:24:06,630 {\an1}and i thought well at least i'm dying doing something honorable 1214 00:24:06,630 --> 00:24:06,640 {\an1} 1215 00:24:06,640 --> 00:24:08,789 {\an1}ronda blacked out and awoke in the 1216 00:24:08,789 --> 00:24:08,799 {\an1}ronda blacked out and awoke in the 1217 00:24:08,799 --> 00:24:12,230 {\an1}ronda blacked out and awoke in the wreckage hours later 1218 00:24:12,230 --> 00:24:12,240 {\an1} 1219 00:24:12,240 --> 00:24:14,390 {\an1}four of her crewmates had died but she'd 1220 00:24:14,390 --> 00:24:14,400 {\an1}four of her crewmates had died but she'd 1221 00:24:14,400 --> 00:24:16,470 {\an1}four of her crewmates had died but she'd somehow managed to survive 1222 00:24:16,470 --> 00:24:16,480 {\an1}somehow managed to survive 1223 00:24:16,480 --> 00:24:18,549 {\an1}somehow managed to survive albeit with two broken arms and a 1224 00:24:18,549 --> 00:24:18,559 {\an1}albeit with two broken arms and a 1225 00:24:18,559 --> 00:24:21,190 {\an1}albeit with two broken arms and a gunshot wound to her back 1226 00:24:21,190 --> 00:24:21,200 {\an1}gunshot wound to her back 1227 00:24:21,200 --> 00:24:23,350 {\an1}gunshot wound to her back well they took me to some bunker and i 1228 00:24:23,350 --> 00:24:23,360 {\an1}well they took me to some bunker and i 1229 00:24:23,360 --> 00:24:25,430 {\an1}well they took me to some bunker and i was asked you know who was i and what 1230 00:24:25,430 --> 00:24:25,440 {\an1}was asked you know who was i and what 1231 00:24:25,440 --> 00:24:27,190 {\an1}was asked you know who was i and what was i doing there and i 1232 00:24:27,190 --> 00:24:27,200 {\an1}was i doing there and i 1233 00:24:27,200 --> 00:24:28,390 {\an1}was i doing there and i well 1234 00:24:28,390 --> 00:24:28,400 {\an1}well 1235 00:24:28,400 --> 00:24:30,310 {\an1}well my name was on my shirts as i made you 1236 00:24:30,310 --> 00:24:30,320 {\an1}my name was on my shirts as i made you 1237 00:24:30,320 --> 00:24:32,149 {\an1}my name was on my shirts as i made you ronda cornum and so i said i'm major 1238 00:24:32,149 --> 00:24:32,159 {\an1}ronda cornum and so i said i'm major 1239 00:24:32,159 --> 00:24:34,870 {\an1}ronda cornum and so i said i'm major ronda cornum and what am i doing there i 1240 00:24:34,870 --> 00:24:34,880 {\an1}ronda cornum and what am i doing there i 1241 00:24:34,880 --> 00:24:36,630 {\an1}ronda cornum and what am i doing there i i had a helicopter wreck 1242 00:24:36,630 --> 00:24:36,640 {\an1}i had a helicopter wreck 1243 00:24:36,640 --> 00:24:38,070 {\an1}i had a helicopter wreck that's all i said and they threw me in 1244 00:24:38,070 --> 00:24:38,080 {\an1}that's all i said and they threw me in 1245 00:24:38,080 --> 00:24:41,029 {\an1}that's all i said and they threw me in the middle of a group of iraqi soldiers 1246 00:24:41,029 --> 00:24:41,039 {\an1}the middle of a group of iraqi soldiers 1247 00:24:41,039 --> 00:24:42,789 {\an1}the middle of a group of iraqi soldiers i was kneeling down left i didn't just 1248 00:24:42,789 --> 00:24:42,799 {\an1}i was kneeling down left i didn't just 1249 00:24:42,799 --> 00:24:44,830 {\an1}i was kneeling down left i didn't just do a face plant since i couldn't catch 1250 00:24:44,830 --> 00:24:44,840 {\an1}do a face plant since i couldn't catch 1251 00:24:44,840 --> 00:24:47,669 {\an1}do a face plant since i couldn't catch myself and then they pulled out a 1252 00:24:47,669 --> 00:24:47,679 {\an1}myself and then they pulled out a 1253 00:24:47,679 --> 00:24:49,590 {\an1}myself and then they pulled out a revolver and held at the back of my head 1254 00:24:49,590 --> 00:24:49,600 {\an1}revolver and held at the back of my head 1255 00:24:49,600 --> 00:24:53,110 {\an1}revolver and held at the back of my head and i really thought um this is it and i 1256 00:24:53,110 --> 00:24:53,120 {\an1}and i really thought um this is it and i 1257 00:24:53,120 --> 00:24:54,549 {\an1}and i really thought um this is it and i really thought you know if they were 1258 00:24:54,549 --> 00:24:54,559 {\an1}really thought you know if they were 1259 00:24:54,559 --> 00:24:55,590 {\an1}really thought you know if they were going to shoot me they could have done 1260 00:24:55,590 --> 00:24:55,600 {\an1}going to shoot me they could have done 1261 00:24:55,600 --> 00:24:57,510 {\an1}going to shoot me they could have done it at the site they didn't need to do 1262 00:24:57,510 --> 00:24:57,520 {\an1}it at the site they didn't need to do 1263 00:24:57,520 --> 00:24:58,870 {\an1}it at the site they didn't need to do all this other stuff 1264 00:24:58,870 --> 00:24:58,880 {\an1}all this other stuff 1265 00:24:58,880 --> 00:25:00,789 {\an1}all this other stuff i had a little chance to reflect and i 1266 00:25:00,789 --> 00:25:00,799 {\an1}i had a little chance to reflect and i 1267 00:25:00,799 --> 00:25:03,110 {\an1}i had a little chance to reflect and i had a great life and um my daughter was 1268 00:25:03,110 --> 00:25:03,120 {\an1}had a great life and um my daughter was 1269 00:25:03,120 --> 00:25:04,630 {\an1}had a great life and um my daughter was going to do fine but this time she was 1270 00:25:04,630 --> 00:25:04,640 {\an1}going to do fine but this time she was 1271 00:25:04,640 --> 00:25:07,510 {\an1}going to do fine but this time she was almost 13 and she was gonna be fine and 1272 00:25:07,510 --> 00:25:07,520 {\an1}almost 13 and she was gonna be fine and 1273 00:25:07,520 --> 00:25:08,710 {\an1}almost 13 and she was gonna be fine and i thought well you know everybody's 1274 00:25:08,710 --> 00:25:08,720 {\an1}i thought well you know everybody's 1275 00:25:08,720 --> 00:25:10,549 {\an1}i thought well you know everybody's gonna die sometime and it's not gonna 1276 00:25:10,549 --> 00:25:10,559 {\an1}gonna die sometime and it's not gonna 1277 00:25:10,559 --> 00:25:12,470 {\an1}gonna die sometime and it's not gonna hurt they're gonna shoot me right in the 1278 00:25:12,470 --> 00:25:12,480 {\an1}hurt they're gonna shoot me right in the 1279 00:25:12,480 --> 00:25:15,190 {\an1}hurt they're gonna shoot me right in the brainstem and it'll be instantaneous 1280 00:25:15,190 --> 00:25:15,200 {\an1}brainstem and it'll be instantaneous 1281 00:25:15,200 --> 00:25:16,830 {\an1}brainstem and it'll be instantaneous and then the gun went click 1282 00:25:16,830 --> 00:25:16,840 {\an1}and then the gun went click 1283 00:25:16,840 --> 00:25:18,789 {\an1}and then the gun went click [Music] 1284 00:25:18,789 --> 00:25:18,799 {\an1}[Music] 1285 00:25:18,799 --> 00:25:20,830 {\an1}[Music] and it didn't fire 1286 00:25:20,830 --> 00:25:20,840 {\an1}and it didn't fire 1287 00:25:20,840 --> 00:25:26,789 {\an1}and it didn't fire [Music] 1288 00:25:26,789 --> 00:25:26,799 {\an1}[Music] 1289 00:25:26,799 --> 00:25:28,310 {\an1}[Music] and then the next event is you're in a 1290 00:25:28,310 --> 00:25:28,320 {\an1}and then the next event is you're in a 1291 00:25:28,320 --> 00:25:30,070 {\an1}and then the next event is you're in a little room 1292 00:25:30,070 --> 00:25:30,080 {\an1}little room 1293 00:25:30,080 --> 00:25:32,870 {\an1}little room you can smell 1294 00:25:32,870 --> 00:25:32,880 {\an1}you can smell 1295 00:25:32,880 --> 00:25:34,870 {\an1}you can smell sweat 1296 00:25:34,870 --> 00:25:34,880 {\an1}sweat 1297 00:25:34,880 --> 00:25:36,470 {\an1}sweat and smoke 1298 00:25:36,470 --> 00:25:36,480 {\an1}and smoke 1299 00:25:36,480 --> 00:25:38,710 {\an1}and smoke you can feel the lights on you you can 1300 00:25:38,710 --> 00:25:38,720 {\an1}you can feel the lights on you you can 1301 00:25:38,720 --> 00:25:41,190 {\an1}you can feel the lights on you you can smell threat actually 1302 00:25:41,190 --> 00:25:41,200 {\an1}smell threat actually 1303 00:25:41,200 --> 00:25:43,830 {\an1}smell threat actually and there's about seven eight men there 1304 00:25:43,830 --> 00:25:43,840 {\an1}and there's about seven eight men there 1305 00:25:43,840 --> 00:25:45,750 {\an1}and there's about seven eight men there you're blindfolded and handcuffed with a 1306 00:25:45,750 --> 00:25:45,760 {\an1}you're blindfolded and handcuffed with a 1307 00:25:45,760 --> 00:25:48,789 {\an1}you're blindfolded and handcuffed with a bag in your head 1308 00:25:48,789 --> 00:25:48,799 {\an1} 1309 00:25:48,799 --> 00:25:51,590 {\an1}they ask a question 1310 00:25:51,590 --> 00:25:51,600 {\an1}they ask a question 1311 00:25:51,600 --> 00:25:54,149 {\an1}they ask a question i didn't even get i cannot because i was 1312 00:25:54,149 --> 00:25:54,159 {\an1}i didn't even get i cannot because i was 1313 00:25:54,159 --> 00:25:55,350 {\an1}i didn't even get i cannot because i was going to say i cannot answer that 1314 00:25:55,350 --> 00:25:55,360 {\an1}going to say i cannot answer that 1315 00:25:55,360 --> 00:25:56,549 {\an1}going to say i cannot answer that question 1316 00:25:56,549 --> 00:25:56,559 {\an1}question 1317 00:25:56,559 --> 00:25:59,110 {\an1}question and your head explodes a baseball bat is 1318 00:25:59,110 --> 00:25:59,120 {\an1}and your head explodes a baseball bat is 1319 00:25:59,120 --> 00:26:01,269 {\an1}and your head explodes a baseball bat is around your head 1320 00:26:01,269 --> 00:26:01,279 {\an1}around your head 1321 00:26:01,279 --> 00:26:02,549 {\an1}around your head and 1322 00:26:02,549 --> 00:26:02,559 {\an1}and 1323 00:26:02,559 --> 00:26:05,350 {\an1}and they don't ask a question 1324 00:26:05,350 --> 00:26:05,360 {\an1}they don't ask a question 1325 00:26:05,360 --> 00:26:06,470 {\an1}they don't ask a question for an hour 1326 00:26:06,470 --> 00:26:06,480 {\an1}for an hour 1327 00:26:06,480 --> 00:26:09,190 {\an1}for an hour five six seven men 1328 00:26:09,190 --> 00:26:09,200 {\an1}five six seven men 1329 00:26:09,200 --> 00:26:11,590 {\an1}five six seven men beat you with baseball bats 1330 00:26:11,590 --> 00:26:11,600 {\an1}beat you with baseball bats 1331 00:26:11,600 --> 00:26:14,470 {\an1}beat you with baseball bats your body is like a ragdoll 1332 00:26:14,470 --> 00:26:14,480 {\an1}your body is like a ragdoll 1333 00:26:14,480 --> 00:26:17,350 {\an1}your body is like a ragdoll and that's the beginning of uh 1334 00:26:17,350 --> 00:26:17,360 {\an1}and that's the beginning of uh 1335 00:26:17,360 --> 00:26:19,269 {\an1}and that's the beginning of uh five days of the shittiest time of my 1336 00:26:19,269 --> 00:26:19,279 {\an1}five days of the shittiest time of my 1337 00:26:19,279 --> 00:26:23,410 {\an1}five days of the shittiest time of my life 1338 00:26:23,410 --> 00:26:23,420 {\an1} 1339 00:26:23,420 --> 00:26:29,350 {\an1} [Music] 1340 00:26:29,350 --> 00:26:29,360 {\an1} 1341 00:26:29,360 --> 00:26:32,390 {\an1}just hours after her capture ronda and 1342 00:26:32,390 --> 00:26:32,400 {\an1}just hours after her capture ronda and 1343 00:26:32,400 --> 00:26:34,630 {\an1}just hours after her capture ronda and her surviving crewmate sergeant troy 1344 00:26:34,630 --> 00:26:34,640 {\an1}her surviving crewmate sergeant troy 1345 00:26:34,640 --> 00:26:38,549 {\an1}her surviving crewmate sergeant troy dunlap were moved to a jail in basra so 1346 00:26:38,549 --> 00:26:38,559 {\an1}dunlap were moved to a jail in basra so 1347 00:26:38,559 --> 00:26:40,630 {\an1}dunlap were moved to a jail in basra so we started down this road 1348 00:26:40,630 --> 00:26:40,640 {\an1}we started down this road 1349 00:26:40,640 --> 00:26:42,230 {\an1}we started down this road and it was all blacked out just like we 1350 00:26:42,230 --> 00:26:42,240 {\an1}and it was all blacked out just like we 1351 00:26:42,240 --> 00:26:43,190 {\an1}and it was all blacked out just like we would do 1352 00:26:43,190 --> 00:26:43,200 {\an1}would do 1353 00:26:43,200 --> 00:26:44,390 {\an1}would do and then 1354 00:26:44,390 --> 00:26:44,400 {\an1}and then 1355 00:26:44,400 --> 00:26:45,750 {\an1}and then they pulled the thing over and all the 1356 00:26:45,750 --> 00:26:45,760 {\an1}they pulled the thing over and all the 1357 00:26:45,760 --> 00:26:47,830 {\an1}they pulled the thing over and all the iraqis got out 1358 00:26:47,830 --> 00:26:47,840 {\an1}iraqis got out 1359 00:26:47,840 --> 00:26:50,310 {\an1}iraqis got out and they went and laid in the ditch 1360 00:26:50,310 --> 00:26:50,320 {\an1}and they went and laid in the ditch 1361 00:26:50,320 --> 00:26:52,789 {\an1}and they went and laid in the ditch and he looks at me and he says should we 1362 00:26:52,789 --> 00:26:52,799 {\an1}and he looks at me and he says should we 1363 00:26:52,799 --> 00:26:55,590 {\an1}and he looks at me and he says should we try to run and i said sergeant the lamp 1364 00:26:55,590 --> 00:26:55,600 {\an1}try to run and i said sergeant the lamp 1365 00:26:55,600 --> 00:26:57,430 {\an1}try to run and i said sergeant the lamp you were a tied up guy with a 1366 00:26:57,430 --> 00:26:57,440 {\an1}you were a tied up guy with a 1367 00:26:57,440 --> 00:27:00,870 {\an1}you were a tied up guy with a american uniform on with a broken armed 1368 00:27:00,870 --> 00:27:00,880 {\an1}american uniform on with a broken armed 1369 00:27:00,880 --> 00:27:02,950 {\an1}american uniform on with a broken armed female pilot no i don't think we should 1370 00:27:02,950 --> 00:27:02,960 {\an1}female pilot no i don't think we should 1371 00:27:02,960 --> 00:27:04,950 {\an1}female pilot no i don't think we should try to run i think we'll get shot 1372 00:27:04,950 --> 00:27:04,960 {\an1}try to run i think we'll get shot 1373 00:27:04,960 --> 00:27:06,390 {\an1}try to run i think we'll get shot and then an aircraft 1374 00:27:06,390 --> 00:27:06,400 {\an1}and then an aircraft 1375 00:27:06,400 --> 00:27:08,789 {\an1}and then an aircraft was strafing and i thought to myself i 1376 00:27:08,789 --> 00:27:08,799 {\an1}was strafing and i thought to myself i 1377 00:27:08,799 --> 00:27:10,870 {\an1}was strafing and i thought to myself i cannot believe i survived this horrible 1378 00:27:10,870 --> 00:27:10,880 {\an1}cannot believe i survived this horrible 1379 00:27:10,880 --> 00:27:13,269 {\an1}cannot believe i survived this horrible wreck and i would get killed by any ten 1380 00:27:13,269 --> 00:27:13,279 {\an1}wreck and i would get killed by any ten 1381 00:27:13,279 --> 00:27:15,430 {\an1}wreck and i would get killed by any ten of my own guys 1382 00:27:15,430 --> 00:27:15,440 {\an1}of my own guys 1383 00:27:15,440 --> 00:27:17,029 {\an1}of my own guys but luckily either they knew that was 1384 00:27:17,029 --> 00:27:17,039 {\an1}but luckily either they knew that was 1385 00:27:17,039 --> 00:27:19,269 {\an1}but luckily either they knew that was our car and missed it or they were just 1386 00:27:19,269 --> 00:27:19,279 {\an1}our car and missed it or they were just 1387 00:27:19,279 --> 00:27:21,269 {\an1}our car and missed it or they were just bad shots that day but they didn't hit 1388 00:27:21,269 --> 00:27:21,279 {\an1}bad shots that day but they didn't hit 1389 00:27:21,279 --> 00:27:24,070 {\an1}bad shots that day but they didn't hit us and they flew away and the iraqis got 1390 00:27:24,070 --> 00:27:24,080 {\an1}us and they flew away and the iraqis got 1391 00:27:24,080 --> 00:27:26,230 {\an1}us and they flew away and the iraqis got back in and we continued on our way to 1392 00:27:26,230 --> 00:27:26,240 {\an1}back in and we continued on our way to 1393 00:27:26,240 --> 00:27:28,870 {\an1}back in and we continued on our way to jail 1394 00:27:28,870 --> 00:27:28,880 {\an1} 1395 00:27:28,880 --> 00:27:31,830 {\an1}you're in a survivalistic animalistic 1396 00:27:31,830 --> 00:27:31,840 {\an1}you're in a survivalistic animalistic 1397 00:27:31,840 --> 00:27:34,470 {\an1}you're in a survivalistic animalistic environment where it's just pure 1398 00:27:34,470 --> 00:27:34,480 {\an1}environment where it's just pure 1399 00:27:34,480 --> 00:27:38,310 {\an1}environment where it's just pure instinct you want to stay alive 1400 00:27:38,310 --> 00:27:38,320 {\an1}instinct you want to stay alive 1401 00:27:38,320 --> 00:27:41,029 {\an1}instinct you want to stay alive you can't make yourself die you know you 1402 00:27:41,029 --> 00:27:41,039 {\an1}you can't make yourself die you know you 1403 00:27:41,039 --> 00:27:44,549 {\an1}you can't make yourself die you know you make every effort to keep yourself alive 1404 00:27:44,549 --> 00:27:44,559 {\an1}make every effort to keep yourself alive 1405 00:27:44,559 --> 00:27:47,510 {\an1}make every effort to keep yourself alive but they're in the interrogation rooms 1406 00:27:47,510 --> 00:27:47,520 {\an1}but they're in the interrogation rooms 1407 00:27:47,520 --> 00:27:48,789 {\an1}but they're in the interrogation rooms you don't actually have the choice 1408 00:27:48,789 --> 00:27:48,799 {\an1}you don't actually have the choice 1409 00:27:48,799 --> 00:27:50,470 {\an1}you don't actually have the choice because they decide whether you live or 1410 00:27:50,470 --> 00:27:50,480 {\an1}because they decide whether you live or 1411 00:27:50,480 --> 00:27:53,110 {\an1}because they decide whether you live or die so you just hold on to yourself 1412 00:27:53,110 --> 00:27:53,120 {\an1}die so you just hold on to yourself 1413 00:27:53,120 --> 00:27:56,549 {\an1}die so you just hold on to yourself whatever that means you just hold on 1414 00:27:56,549 --> 00:27:56,559 {\an1}whatever that means you just hold on 1415 00:27:56,559 --> 00:27:58,149 {\an1}whatever that means you just hold on you just want to breathe it's like being 1416 00:27:58,149 --> 00:27:58,159 {\an1}you just want to breathe it's like being 1417 00:27:58,159 --> 00:28:00,070 {\an1}you just want to breathe it's like being in a swimming pool underwater and you 1418 00:28:00,070 --> 00:28:00,080 {\an1}in a swimming pool underwater and you 1419 00:28:00,080 --> 00:28:01,669 {\an1}in a swimming pool underwater and you run out of breath 1420 00:28:01,669 --> 00:28:01,679 {\an1}run out of breath 1421 00:28:01,679 --> 00:28:03,430 {\an1}run out of breath and your ribs don't expand you've got 1422 00:28:03,430 --> 00:28:03,440 {\an1}and your ribs don't expand you've got 1423 00:28:03,440 --> 00:28:05,110 {\an1}and your ribs don't expand you've got the pain holding the pain and just 1424 00:28:05,110 --> 00:28:05,120 {\an1}the pain holding the pain and just 1425 00:28:05,120 --> 00:28:06,870 {\an1}the pain holding the pain and just before you get to the surface someone 1426 00:28:06,870 --> 00:28:06,880 {\an1}before you get to the surface someone 1427 00:28:06,880 --> 00:28:08,230 {\an1}before you get to the surface someone else jumps in and shoves your head 1428 00:28:08,230 --> 00:28:08,240 {\an1}else jumps in and shoves your head 1429 00:28:08,240 --> 00:28:09,680 {\an1}else jumps in and shoves your head underwater 1430 00:28:09,680 --> 00:28:09,690 {\an1}underwater 1431 00:28:09,690 --> 00:28:11,029 {\an1}underwater [Music] 1432 00:28:11,029 --> 00:28:11,039 {\an1}[Music] 1433 00:28:11,039 --> 00:28:13,269 {\an1}[Music] you are just fighting to get to surface 1434 00:28:13,269 --> 00:28:13,279 {\an1}you are just fighting to get to surface 1435 00:28:13,279 --> 00:28:15,350 {\an1}you are just fighting to get to surface all you want to do is take a breath and 1436 00:28:15,350 --> 00:28:15,360 {\an1}all you want to do is take a breath and 1437 00:28:15,360 --> 00:28:16,470 {\an1}all you want to do is take a breath and that's what it's like being in the 1438 00:28:16,470 --> 00:28:16,480 {\an1}that's what it's like being in the 1439 00:28:16,480 --> 00:28:20,710 {\an1}that's what it's like being in the little room 1440 00:28:20,710 --> 00:28:20,720 {\an1} 1441 00:28:20,720 --> 00:28:23,669 {\an1}while john spent seven weeks in hell 1442 00:28:23,669 --> 00:28:23,679 {\an1}while john spent seven weeks in hell 1443 00:28:23,679 --> 00:28:26,230 {\an1}while john spent seven weeks in hell his compatriots made wave after wave of 1444 00:28:26,230 --> 00:28:26,240 {\an1}his compatriots made wave after wave of 1445 00:28:26,240 --> 00:28:28,870 {\an1}his compatriots made wave after wave of airstrikes destroying and depleting the 1446 00:28:28,870 --> 00:28:28,880 {\an1}airstrikes destroying and depleting the 1447 00:28:28,880 --> 00:28:30,630 {\an1}airstrikes destroying and depleting the iraqi forces 1448 00:28:30,630 --> 00:28:30,640 {\an1}iraqi forces 1449 00:28:30,640 --> 00:28:32,950 {\an1}iraqi forces they now commanded the skies and were 1450 00:28:32,950 --> 00:28:32,960 {\an1}they now commanded the skies and were 1451 00:28:32,960 --> 00:28:35,990 {\an1}they now commanded the skies and were ready to put an end to the war 1452 00:28:35,990 --> 00:28:36,000 {\an1}ready to put an end to the war 1453 00:28:36,000 --> 00:28:38,710 {\an1}ready to put an end to the war on february the 24th the coalition's 1454 00:28:38,710 --> 00:28:38,720 {\an1}on february the 24th the coalition's 1455 00:28:38,720 --> 00:28:40,630 {\an1}on february the 24th the coalition's ground campaign began 1456 00:28:40,630 --> 00:28:40,640 {\an1}ground campaign began 1457 00:28:40,640 --> 00:28:42,870 {\an1}ground campaign began it was time to clear the iraqi troops 1458 00:28:42,870 --> 00:28:42,880 {\an1}it was time to clear the iraqi troops 1459 00:28:42,880 --> 00:28:46,789 {\an1}it was time to clear the iraqi troops out of kuwait once and for all 1460 00:28:46,789 --> 00:28:46,799 {\an1}out of kuwait once and for all 1461 00:28:46,799 --> 00:28:48,789 {\an1}out of kuwait once and for all the aerial bombardment had done a 1462 00:28:48,789 --> 00:28:48,799 {\an1}the aerial bombardment had done a 1463 00:28:48,799 --> 00:28:50,389 {\an1}the aerial bombardment had done a significant job 1464 00:28:50,389 --> 00:28:50,399 {\an1}significant job 1465 00:28:50,399 --> 00:28:53,430 {\an1}significant job the actual forces were losing morale we 1466 00:28:53,430 --> 00:28:53,440 {\an1}the actual forces were losing morale we 1467 00:28:53,440 --> 00:28:56,549 {\an1}the actual forces were losing morale we saw a lot of iraqis withdrawing 1468 00:28:56,549 --> 00:28:56,559 {\an1}saw a lot of iraqis withdrawing 1469 00:28:56,559 --> 00:28:58,950 {\an1}saw a lot of iraqis withdrawing or putting their hands up and 1470 00:28:58,950 --> 00:28:58,960 {\an1}or putting their hands up and 1471 00:28:58,960 --> 00:29:00,800 {\an1}or putting their hands up and surrendering 1472 00:29:00,800 --> 00:29:00,810 {\an1}surrendering 1473 00:29:00,810 --> 00:29:02,789 {\an1}surrendering [Music] 1474 00:29:02,789 --> 00:29:02,799 {\an1}[Music] 1475 00:29:02,799 --> 00:29:04,470 {\an1}[Music] and although there were a few that sort 1476 00:29:04,470 --> 00:29:04,480 {\an1}and although there were a few that sort 1477 00:29:04,480 --> 00:29:07,430 {\an1}and although there were a few that sort of stayed to fight and continue to fight 1478 00:29:07,430 --> 00:29:07,440 {\an1}of stayed to fight and continue to fight 1479 00:29:07,440 --> 00:29:09,909 {\an1}of stayed to fight and continue to fight actually the ground campaign 1480 00:29:09,909 --> 00:29:09,919 {\an1}actually the ground campaign 1481 00:29:09,919 --> 00:29:11,909 {\an1}actually the ground campaign received much less resistance than it 1482 00:29:11,909 --> 00:29:11,919 {\an1}received much less resistance than it 1483 00:29:11,919 --> 00:29:13,350 {\an1}received much less resistance than it anticipated 1484 00:29:13,350 --> 00:29:13,360 {\an1}anticipated 1485 00:29:13,360 --> 00:29:15,350 {\an1}anticipated and although every life lost is 1486 00:29:15,350 --> 00:29:15,360 {\an1}and although every life lost is 1487 00:29:15,360 --> 00:29:17,350 {\an1}and although every life lost is important it received a lot less 1488 00:29:17,350 --> 00:29:17,360 {\an1}important it received a lot less 1489 00:29:17,360 --> 00:29:21,350 {\an1}important it received a lot less casualties than they had anticipated 1490 00:29:21,350 --> 00:29:21,360 {\an1} 1491 00:29:21,360 --> 00:29:23,909 {\an1}these guys had absolutely no fight left 1492 00:29:23,909 --> 00:29:23,919 {\an1}these guys had absolutely no fight left 1493 00:29:23,919 --> 00:29:26,230 {\an1}these guys had absolutely no fight left in them at all they didn't resist in any 1494 00:29:26,230 --> 00:29:26,240 {\an1}in them at all they didn't resist in any 1495 00:29:26,240 --> 00:29:27,909 {\an1}in them at all they didn't resist in any meaningful way 1496 00:29:27,909 --> 00:29:27,919 {\an1}meaningful way 1497 00:29:27,919 --> 00:29:30,149 {\an1}meaningful way it's easy to forget that it was very 1498 00:29:30,149 --> 00:29:30,159 {\an1}it's easy to forget that it was very 1499 00:29:30,159 --> 00:29:32,549 {\an1}it's easy to forget that it was very cold people think of saudi arabia as 1500 00:29:32,549 --> 00:29:32,559 {\an1}cold people think of saudi arabia as 1501 00:29:32,559 --> 00:29:34,310 {\an1}cold people think of saudi arabia as being a place of you know camels and 1502 00:29:34,310 --> 00:29:34,320 {\an1}being a place of you know camels and 1503 00:29:34,320 --> 00:29:36,389 {\an1}being a place of you know camels and oases which which it is 1504 00:29:36,389 --> 00:29:36,399 {\an1}oases which which it is 1505 00:29:36,399 --> 00:29:39,269 {\an1}oases which which it is but that february and early march it was 1506 00:29:39,269 --> 00:29:39,279 {\an1}but that february and early march it was 1507 00:29:39,279 --> 00:29:40,789 {\an1}but that february and early march it was very cold 1508 00:29:40,789 --> 00:29:40,799 {\an1}very cold 1509 00:29:40,799 --> 00:29:42,789 {\an1}very cold and a lot of these iraqi guys in 1510 00:29:42,789 --> 00:29:42,799 {\an1}and a lot of these iraqi guys in 1511 00:29:42,799 --> 00:29:44,230 {\an1}and a lot of these iraqi guys in addition to having been bombed and 1512 00:29:44,230 --> 00:29:44,240 {\an1}addition to having been bombed and 1513 00:29:44,240 --> 00:29:46,230 {\an1}addition to having been bombed and everything else they were just miserable 1514 00:29:46,230 --> 00:29:46,240 {\an1}everything else they were just miserable 1515 00:29:46,240 --> 00:29:47,669 {\an1}everything else they were just miserable they'd been badly supplied they were 1516 00:29:47,669 --> 00:29:47,679 {\an1}they'd been badly supplied they were 1517 00:29:47,679 --> 00:29:49,029 {\an1}they'd been badly supplied they were freezing cold 1518 00:29:49,029 --> 00:29:49,039 {\an1}freezing cold 1519 00:29:49,039 --> 00:29:51,430 {\an1}freezing cold and they just wanted to give up 1520 00:29:51,430 --> 00:29:51,440 {\an1}and they just wanted to give up 1521 00:29:51,440 --> 00:29:53,190 {\an1}and they just wanted to give up [Music] 1522 00:29:53,190 --> 00:29:53,200 {\an1}[Music] 1523 00:29:53,200 --> 00:29:55,830 {\an1}[Music] just 100 hours after coalition troops 1524 00:29:55,830 --> 00:29:55,840 {\an1}just 100 hours after coalition troops 1525 00:29:55,840 --> 00:29:59,190 {\an1}just 100 hours after coalition troops entered kuwait the country was liberated 1526 00:29:59,190 --> 00:29:59,200 {\an1}entered kuwait the country was liberated 1527 00:29:59,200 --> 00:30:01,430 {\an1}entered kuwait the country was liberated as people celebrated in the streets 1528 00:30:01,430 --> 00:30:01,440 {\an1}as people celebrated in the streets 1529 00:30:01,440 --> 00:30:03,909 {\an1}as people celebrated in the streets president bush announced a ceasefire 1530 00:30:03,909 --> 00:30:03,919 {\an1}president bush announced a ceasefire 1531 00:30:03,919 --> 00:30:07,990 {\an1}president bush announced a ceasefire iraq had been defeated 1532 00:30:07,990 --> 00:30:08,000 {\an1}iraq had been defeated 1533 00:30:08,000 --> 00:30:10,389 {\an1}iraq had been defeated us it was just another night sortie we 1534 00:30:10,389 --> 00:30:10,399 {\an1}us it was just another night sortie we 1535 00:30:10,399 --> 00:30:13,029 {\an1}us it was just another night sortie we were targeting aircraft hangars at our 1536 00:30:13,029 --> 00:30:13,039 {\an1}were targeting aircraft hangars at our 1537 00:30:13,039 --> 00:30:15,430 {\an1}were targeting aircraft hangars at our takadam airfield to the west of baghdad 1538 00:30:15,430 --> 00:30:15,440 {\an1}takadam airfield to the west of baghdad 1539 00:30:15,440 --> 00:30:18,870 {\an1}takadam airfield to the west of baghdad that night 1540 00:30:18,870 --> 00:30:18,880 {\an1} 1541 00:30:18,880 --> 00:30:20,870 {\an1}the bombs hit the target 1542 00:30:20,870 --> 00:30:20,880 {\an1}the bombs hit the target 1543 00:30:20,880 --> 00:30:21,669 {\an1}the bombs hit the target and 1544 00:30:21,669 --> 00:30:21,679 {\an1}and 1545 00:30:21,679 --> 00:30:24,149 {\an1}and we flew back to tabuk and before we went 1546 00:30:24,149 --> 00:30:24,159 {\an1}we flew back to tabuk and before we went 1547 00:30:24,159 --> 00:30:26,149 {\an1}we flew back to tabuk and before we went to bed somebody put bbc world service 1548 00:30:26,149 --> 00:30:26,159 {\an1}to bed somebody put bbc world service 1549 00:30:26,159 --> 00:30:27,190 {\an1}to bed somebody put bbc world service news on 1550 00:30:27,190 --> 00:30:27,200 {\an1}news on 1551 00:30:27,200 --> 00:30:31,110 {\an1}news on and the ceasefire had been announced 1552 00:30:31,110 --> 00:30:31,120 {\an1}and the ceasefire had been announced 1553 00:30:31,120 --> 00:30:34,149 {\an1}and the ceasefire had been announced i can report to the nation aggression is 1554 00:30:34,149 --> 00:30:34,159 {\an1}i can report to the nation aggression is 1555 00:30:34,159 --> 00:30:36,710 {\an1}i can report to the nation aggression is defeated the war is over 1556 00:30:36,710 --> 00:30:36,720 {\an1}defeated the war is over 1557 00:30:36,720 --> 00:30:39,990 {\an1}defeated the war is over [Applause] 1558 00:30:39,990 --> 00:30:40,000 {\an1}[Applause] 1559 00:30:40,000 --> 00:30:42,470 {\an1}[Applause] the boss then put a few calls into the 1560 00:30:42,470 --> 00:30:42,480 {\an1}the boss then put a few calls into the 1561 00:30:42,480 --> 00:30:44,870 {\an1}the boss then put a few calls into the headquarters in riyadh to make sure that 1562 00:30:44,870 --> 00:30:44,880 {\an1}headquarters in riyadh to make sure that 1563 00:30:44,880 --> 00:30:46,870 {\an1}headquarters in riyadh to make sure that was actually the case 1564 00:30:46,870 --> 00:30:46,880 {\an1}was actually the case 1565 00:30:46,880 --> 00:30:48,149 {\an1}was actually the case and they said yeah there'll be no flying 1566 00:30:48,149 --> 00:30:48,159 {\an1}and they said yeah there'll be no flying 1567 00:30:48,159 --> 00:30:50,710 {\an1}and they said yeah there'll be no flying tomorrow that's it it's finished 1568 00:30:50,710 --> 00:30:50,720 {\an1}tomorrow that's it it's finished 1569 00:30:50,720 --> 00:30:51,990 {\an1}tomorrow that's it it's finished i don't think we really thought about it 1570 00:30:51,990 --> 00:30:52,000 {\an1}i don't think we really thought about it 1571 00:30:52,000 --> 00:30:53,669 {\an1}i don't think we really thought about it at the time that we just dropped the 1572 00:30:53,669 --> 00:30:53,679 {\an1}at the time that we just dropped the 1573 00:30:53,679 --> 00:30:58,970 {\an1}at the time that we just dropped the last raf bomb of the gulf war 1574 00:30:58,970 --> 00:30:58,980 {\an1} 1575 00:30:58,980 --> 00:31:01,669 {\an1} [Music] 1576 00:31:01,669 --> 00:31:01,679 {\an1}[Music] 1577 00:31:01,679 --> 00:31:03,990 {\an1}[Music] the media arrived in the newly freed 1578 00:31:03,990 --> 00:31:04,000 {\an1}the media arrived in the newly freed 1579 00:31:04,000 --> 00:31:06,789 {\an1}the media arrived in the newly freed capital to scenes of jubilation and 1580 00:31:06,789 --> 00:31:06,799 {\an1}capital to scenes of jubilation and 1581 00:31:06,799 --> 00:31:10,149 {\an1}capital to scenes of jubilation and chaos 1582 00:31:10,149 --> 00:31:10,159 {\an1} 1583 00:31:10,159 --> 00:31:12,230 {\an1}kuwait city in the hours after 1584 00:31:12,230 --> 00:31:12,240 {\an1}kuwait city in the hours after 1585 00:31:12,240 --> 00:31:14,950 {\an1}kuwait city in the hours after liberation was a very 1586 00:31:14,950 --> 00:31:14,960 {\an1}liberation was a very 1587 00:31:14,960 --> 00:31:16,310 {\an1}liberation was a very strange 1588 00:31:16,310 --> 00:31:16,320 {\an1}strange 1589 00:31:16,320 --> 00:31:18,870 {\an1}strange almost post-apocalyptic 1590 00:31:18,870 --> 00:31:18,880 {\an1}almost post-apocalyptic 1591 00:31:18,880 --> 00:31:21,190 {\an1}almost post-apocalyptic kind of atmosphere it was like a huge 1592 00:31:21,190 --> 00:31:21,200 {\an1}kind of atmosphere it was like a huge 1593 00:31:21,200 --> 00:31:23,909 {\an1}kind of atmosphere it was like a huge metropolis that had been ransacked and 1594 00:31:23,909 --> 00:31:23,919 {\an1}metropolis that had been ransacked and 1595 00:31:23,919 --> 00:31:26,149 {\an1}metropolis that had been ransacked and then sort of switched off at the mains 1596 00:31:26,149 --> 00:31:26,159 {\an1}then sort of switched off at the mains 1597 00:31:26,159 --> 00:31:28,230 {\an1}then sort of switched off at the mains like it had died or 1598 00:31:28,230 --> 00:31:28,240 {\an1}like it had died or 1599 00:31:28,240 --> 00:31:30,070 {\an1}like it had died or or been disconnected from everything 1600 00:31:30,070 --> 00:31:30,080 {\an1}or been disconnected from everything 1601 00:31:30,080 --> 00:31:33,190 {\an1}or been disconnected from everything that normally allows a city to run there 1602 00:31:33,190 --> 00:31:33,200 {\an1}that normally allows a city to run there 1603 00:31:33,200 --> 00:31:35,750 {\an1}that normally allows a city to run there were literally dead iraqis hanging out 1604 00:31:35,750 --> 00:31:35,760 {\an1}were literally dead iraqis hanging out 1605 00:31:35,760 --> 00:31:38,549 {\an1}were literally dead iraqis hanging out of the cabs of these vehicles 1606 00:31:38,549 --> 00:31:38,559 {\an1}of the cabs of these vehicles 1607 00:31:38,559 --> 00:31:40,549 {\an1}of the cabs of these vehicles then we were greeted by kuwaitis 1608 00:31:40,549 --> 00:31:40,559 {\an1}then we were greeted by kuwaitis 1609 00:31:40,559 --> 00:31:43,029 {\an1}then we were greeted by kuwaitis including women hugging and kissing us 1610 00:31:43,029 --> 00:31:43,039 {\an1}including women hugging and kissing us 1611 00:31:43,039 --> 00:31:45,190 {\an1}including women hugging and kissing us despite the fact that they were wearing 1612 00:31:45,190 --> 00:31:45,200 {\an1}despite the fact that they were wearing 1613 00:31:45,200 --> 00:31:48,070 {\an1}despite the fact that they were wearing nikabs and they were from a conservative 1614 00:31:48,070 --> 00:31:48,080 {\an1}nikabs and they were from a conservative 1615 00:31:48,080 --> 00:31:49,909 {\an1}nikabs and they were from a conservative muslim society 1616 00:31:49,909 --> 00:31:49,919 {\an1}muslim society 1617 00:31:49,919 --> 00:31:52,149 {\an1}muslim society their joy was such that they literally 1618 00:31:52,149 --> 00:31:52,159 {\an1}their joy was such that they literally 1619 00:31:52,159 --> 00:31:53,710 {\an1}their joy was such that they literally greeted us as liberators 1620 00:31:53,710 --> 00:31:53,720 {\an1}greeted us as liberators 1621 00:31:53,720 --> 00:31:58,310 {\an1}greeted us as liberators [Applause] 1622 00:31:58,310 --> 00:31:58,320 {\an1} 1623 00:31:58,320 --> 00:32:00,310 {\an1}one of the most enduring images of the 1624 00:32:00,310 --> 00:32:00,320 {\an1}one of the most enduring images of the 1625 00:32:00,320 --> 00:32:04,070 {\an1}one of the most enduring images of the gulf war was these burning oil fires lit 1626 00:32:04,070 --> 00:32:04,080 {\an1}gulf war was these burning oil fires lit 1627 00:32:04,080 --> 00:32:08,070 {\an1}gulf war was these burning oil fires lit by retreating iraqi troops across kuwait 1628 00:32:08,070 --> 00:32:08,080 {\an1}by retreating iraqi troops across kuwait 1629 00:32:08,080 --> 00:32:10,789 {\an1}by retreating iraqi troops across kuwait one last ditch attempt at some kind of 1630 00:32:10,789 --> 00:32:10,799 {\an1}one last ditch attempt at some kind of 1631 00:32:10,799 --> 00:32:13,590 {\an1}one last ditch attempt at some kind of small victory designed to destroy their 1632 00:32:13,590 --> 00:32:13,600 {\an1}small victory designed to destroy their 1633 00:32:13,600 --> 00:32:16,470 {\an1}small victory designed to destroy their enemy's most valuable assets 1634 00:32:16,470 --> 00:32:16,480 {\an1}enemy's most valuable assets 1635 00:32:16,480 --> 00:32:18,950 {\an1}enemy's most valuable assets they burned for over nine months 1636 00:32:18,950 --> 00:32:18,960 {\an1}they burned for over nine months 1637 00:32:18,960 --> 00:32:23,030 {\an1}they burned for over nine months and caused widespread pollution 1638 00:32:23,030 --> 00:32:23,040 {\an1}and caused widespread pollution 1639 00:32:23,040 --> 00:32:25,590 {\an1}and caused widespread pollution [Music] 1640 00:32:25,590 --> 00:32:25,600 {\an1}[Music] 1641 00:32:25,600 --> 00:32:27,509 {\an1}[Music] according to the kuwait oil company 1642 00:32:27,509 --> 00:32:27,519 {\an1}according to the kuwait oil company 1643 00:32:27,519 --> 00:32:30,710 {\an1}according to the kuwait oil company there are almost 600 wells of light 1644 00:32:30,710 --> 00:32:30,720 {\an1}there are almost 600 wells of light 1645 00:32:30,720 --> 00:32:32,549 {\an1}there are almost 600 wells of light within a few hundred yards there's a 1646 00:32:32,549 --> 00:32:32,559 {\an1}within a few hundred yards there's a 1647 00:32:32,559 --> 00:32:37,430 {\an1}within a few hundred yards there's a searing heat 1648 00:32:37,430 --> 00:32:37,440 {\an1} 1649 00:32:37,440 --> 00:32:39,509 {\an1}the coalition forces who were being held 1650 00:32:39,509 --> 00:32:39,519 {\an1}the coalition forces who were being held 1651 00:32:39,519 --> 00:32:42,070 {\an1}the coalition forces who were being held in iraq were oblivious to the fact that 1652 00:32:42,070 --> 00:32:42,080 {\an1}in iraq were oblivious to the fact that 1653 00:32:42,080 --> 00:32:44,470 {\an1}in iraq were oblivious to the fact that the war had come to an end 1654 00:32:44,470 --> 00:32:44,480 {\an1}the war had come to an end 1655 00:32:44,480 --> 00:32:46,470 {\an1}the war had come to an end one day the bombing stopped 1656 00:32:46,470 --> 00:32:46,480 {\an1}one day the bombing stopped 1657 00:32:46,480 --> 00:32:48,389 {\an1}one day the bombing stopped and we were bombed every day you know 18 1658 00:32:48,389 --> 00:32:48,399 {\an1}and we were bombed every day you know 18 1659 00:32:48,399 --> 00:32:49,750 {\an1}and we were bombed every day you know 18 hours days to the ground you're very 1660 00:32:49,750 --> 00:32:49,760 {\an1}hours days to the ground you're very 1661 00:32:49,760 --> 00:32:51,430 {\an1}hours days to the ground you're very used to the ground vibrating and in 1662 00:32:51,430 --> 00:32:51,440 {\an1}used to the ground vibrating and in 1663 00:32:51,440 --> 00:32:53,990 {\an1}used to the ground vibrating and in solitary confinement when it's you know 1664 00:32:53,990 --> 00:32:54,000 {\an1}solitary confinement when it's you know 1665 00:32:54,000 --> 00:32:55,110 {\an1}solitary confinement when it's you know dark 1666 00:32:55,110 --> 00:32:55,120 {\an1}dark 1667 00:32:55,120 --> 00:32:56,389 {\an1}dark sound is everything 1668 00:32:56,389 --> 00:32:56,399 {\an1}sound is everything 1669 00:32:56,399 --> 00:32:58,310 {\an1}sound is everything eerily quiet so it's really difficult to 1670 00:32:58,310 --> 00:32:58,320 {\an1}eerily quiet so it's really difficult to 1671 00:32:58,320 --> 00:32:59,830 {\an1}eerily quiet so it's really difficult to describe yeah they suddenly go gosh no 1672 00:32:59,830 --> 00:32:59,840 {\an1}describe yeah they suddenly go gosh no 1673 00:32:59,840 --> 00:33:02,710 {\an1}describe yeah they suddenly go gosh no bombs go and you can't help but think 1674 00:33:02,710 --> 00:33:02,720 {\an1}bombs go and you can't help but think 1675 00:33:02,720 --> 00:33:05,509 {\an1}bombs go and you can't help but think hang around it's so unusual something's 1676 00:33:05,509 --> 00:33:05,519 {\an1}hang around it's so unusual something's 1677 00:33:05,519 --> 00:33:07,590 {\an1}hang around it's so unusual something's happened and the following morning there 1678 00:33:07,590 --> 00:33:07,600 {\an1}happened and the following morning there 1679 00:33:07,600 --> 00:33:09,430 {\an1}happened and the following morning there was a knock on the door and this door 1680 00:33:09,430 --> 00:33:09,440 {\an1}was a knock on the door and this door 1681 00:33:09,440 --> 00:33:11,029 {\an1}was a knock on the door and this door normally flew open and they came beat 1682 00:33:11,029 --> 00:33:11,039 {\an1}normally flew open and they came beat 1683 00:33:11,039 --> 00:33:12,789 {\an1}normally flew open and they came beat the [ __ ] out of here 1684 00:33:12,789 --> 00:33:12,799 {\an1}the [ __ ] out of here 1685 00:33:12,799 --> 00:33:14,870 {\an1}the [ __ ] out of here the door opened and a guy in a suit who 1686 00:33:14,870 --> 00:33:14,880 {\an1}the door opened and a guy in a suit who 1687 00:33:14,880 --> 00:33:16,149 {\an1}the door opened and a guy in a suit who was in the seat he did this he did the 1688 00:33:16,149 --> 00:33:16,159 {\an1}was in the seat he did this he did the 1689 00:33:16,159 --> 00:33:17,269 {\an1}was in the seat he did this he did the button up 1690 00:33:17,269 --> 00:33:17,279 {\an1}button up 1691 00:33:17,279 --> 00:33:19,190 {\an1}button up and he went good morning for laptop 1692 00:33:19,190 --> 00:33:19,200 {\an1}and he went good morning for laptop 1693 00:33:19,200 --> 00:33:20,149 {\an1}and he went good morning for laptop peters 1694 00:33:20,149 --> 00:33:20,159 {\an1}peters 1695 00:33:20,159 --> 00:33:22,149 {\an1}peters i would just like to tell you the war is 1696 00:33:22,149 --> 00:33:22,159 {\an1}i would just like to tell you the war is 1697 00:33:22,159 --> 00:33:24,470 {\an1}i would just like to tell you the war is over and then he did this under the 1698 00:33:24,470 --> 00:33:24,480 {\an1}over and then he did this under the 1699 00:33:24,480 --> 00:33:26,230 {\an1}over and then he did this under the button he went if there's anything my 1700 00:33:26,230 --> 00:33:26,240 {\an1}button he went if there's anything my 1701 00:33:26,240 --> 00:33:28,389 {\an1}button he went if there's anything my staff can do for you please ask 1702 00:33:28,389 --> 00:33:28,399 {\an1}staff can do for you please ask 1703 00:33:28,399 --> 00:33:29,990 {\an1}staff can do for you please ask and that was how that was the beginning 1704 00:33:29,990 --> 00:33:30,000 {\an1}and that was how that was the beginning 1705 00:33:30,000 --> 00:33:30,980 {\an1}and that was how that was the beginning of our release 1706 00:33:30,980 --> 00:33:30,990 {\an1}of our release 1707 00:33:30,990 --> 00:33:36,070 {\an1}of our release [Music] 1708 00:33:36,070 --> 00:33:36,080 {\an1}[Music] 1709 00:33:36,080 --> 00:33:38,470 {\an1}[Music] being freed is a great thing 1710 00:33:38,470 --> 00:33:38,480 {\an1}being freed is a great thing 1711 00:33:38,480 --> 00:33:40,549 {\an1}being freed is a great thing i didn't really believe it i suppose 1712 00:33:40,549 --> 00:33:40,559 {\an1}i didn't really believe it i suppose 1713 00:33:40,559 --> 00:33:43,909 {\an1}i didn't really believe it i suppose until we got back to saudi arabia and we 1714 00:33:43,909 --> 00:33:43,919 {\an1}until we got back to saudi arabia and we 1715 00:33:43,919 --> 00:33:45,590 {\an1}until we got back to saudi arabia and we were put on the hospital ship the mercy 1716 00:33:45,590 --> 00:33:45,600 {\an1}were put on the hospital ship the mercy 1717 00:33:45,600 --> 00:33:47,590 {\an1}were put on the hospital ship the mercy so we spent a few days there 1718 00:33:47,590 --> 00:33:47,600 {\an1}so we spent a few days there 1719 00:33:47,600 --> 00:33:49,750 {\an1}so we spent a few days there getting debriefed and getting medical 1720 00:33:49,750 --> 00:33:49,760 {\an1}getting debriefed and getting medical 1721 00:33:49,760 --> 00:33:53,430 {\an1}getting debriefed and getting medical exams and then they flew us from bahrain 1722 00:33:53,430 --> 00:33:53,440 {\an1}exams and then they flew us from bahrain 1723 00:33:53,440 --> 00:33:55,029 {\an1}exams and then they flew us from bahrain back to washington where you know the 1724 00:33:55,029 --> 00:33:55,039 {\an1}back to washington where you know the 1725 00:33:55,039 --> 00:33:57,110 {\an1}back to washington where you know the biggest celebration and the secretary of 1726 00:33:57,110 --> 00:33:57,120 {\an1}biggest celebration and the secretary of 1727 00:33:57,120 --> 00:33:58,870 {\an1}biggest celebration and the secretary of defense is talking 1728 00:33:58,870 --> 00:33:58,880 {\an1}defense is talking 1729 00:33:58,880 --> 00:33:59,909 {\an1}defense is talking and the best thing that happened was 1730 00:33:59,909 --> 00:33:59,919 {\an1}and the best thing that happened was 1731 00:33:59,919 --> 00:34:01,430 {\an1}and the best thing that happened was they brought all the family members of 1732 00:34:01,430 --> 00:34:01,440 {\an1}they brought all the family members of 1733 00:34:01,440 --> 00:34:03,590 {\an1}they brought all the family members of us all up to that same celebration so 1734 00:34:03,590 --> 00:34:03,600 {\an1}us all up to that same celebration so 1735 00:34:03,600 --> 00:34:10,550 {\an1}us all up to that same celebration so that was a big reunion 1736 00:34:10,550 --> 00:34:10,560 {\an1} 1737 00:34:10,560 --> 00:34:13,030 {\an1}so kuwait was free and the coalition 1738 00:34:13,030 --> 00:34:13,040 {\an1}so kuwait was free and the coalition 1739 00:34:13,040 --> 00:34:15,270 {\an1}so kuwait was free and the coalition forces could begin to go home 1740 00:34:15,270 --> 00:34:15,280 {\an1}forces could begin to go home 1741 00:34:15,280 --> 00:34:17,349 {\an1}forces could begin to go home but the problems in iraq were far from 1742 00:34:17,349 --> 00:34:17,359 {\an1}but the problems in iraq were far from 1743 00:34:17,359 --> 00:34:19,750 {\an1}but the problems in iraq were far from over 1744 00:34:19,750 --> 00:34:19,760 {\an1} 1745 00:34:19,760 --> 00:34:22,310 {\an1}as long as saddam hussein was in charge 1746 00:34:22,310 --> 00:34:22,320 {\an1}as long as saddam hussein was in charge 1747 00:34:22,320 --> 00:34:30,410 {\an1}as long as saddam hussein was in charge the future of the country was in turmoil 1748 00:34:30,410 --> 00:34:30,420 {\an1} 1749 00:34:30,420 --> 00:34:37,669 {\an1} [Music] 1750 00:34:37,669 --> 00:34:37,679 {\an1} 1751 00:34:37,679 --> 00:34:41,030 {\an1}on the 28th of february 1991 president 1752 00:34:41,030 --> 00:34:41,040 {\an1}on the 28th of february 1991 president 1753 00:34:41,040 --> 00:34:43,829 {\an1}on the 28th of february 1991 president george bush had declared a ceasefire the 1754 00:34:43,829 --> 00:34:43,839 {\an1}george bush had declared a ceasefire the 1755 00:34:43,839 --> 00:34:46,389 {\an1}george bush had declared a ceasefire the gulf war was over 1756 00:34:46,389 --> 00:34:46,399 {\an1}gulf war was over 1757 00:34:46,399 --> 00:34:48,470 {\an1}gulf war was over but images from the days leading up to 1758 00:34:48,470 --> 00:34:48,480 {\an1}but images from the days leading up to 1759 00:34:48,480 --> 00:34:50,869 {\an1}but images from the days leading up to the cessation of combat revealed a 1760 00:34:50,869 --> 00:34:50,879 {\an1}the cessation of combat revealed a 1761 00:34:50,879 --> 00:34:53,349 {\an1}the cessation of combat revealed a horrific scene of carnage 1762 00:34:53,349 --> 00:34:53,359 {\an1}horrific scene of carnage 1763 00:34:53,359 --> 00:34:56,230 {\an1}horrific scene of carnage iraqi forces retreating from kuwait just 1764 00:34:56,230 --> 00:34:56,240 {\an1}iraqi forces retreating from kuwait just 1765 00:34:56,240 --> 00:34:58,550 {\an1}iraqi forces retreating from kuwait just hours before the end of the war had been 1766 00:34:58,550 --> 00:34:58,560 {\an1}hours before the end of the war had been 1767 00:34:58,560 --> 00:35:01,349 {\an1}hours before the end of the war had been attacked by coalition forces leaving a 1768 00:35:01,349 --> 00:35:01,359 {\an1}attacked by coalition forces leaving a 1769 00:35:01,359 --> 00:35:07,190 {\an1}attacked by coalition forces leaving a trail of death and destruction 1770 00:35:07,190 --> 00:35:07,200 {\an1} 1771 00:35:07,200 --> 00:35:09,910 {\an1}the day after we got to kuwait city 1772 00:35:09,910 --> 00:35:09,920 {\an1}the day after we got to kuwait city 1773 00:35:09,920 --> 00:35:12,710 {\an1}the day after we got to kuwait city we heard tell about the sort of road to 1774 00:35:12,710 --> 00:35:12,720 {\an1}we heard tell about the sort of road to 1775 00:35:12,720 --> 00:35:14,950 {\an1}we heard tell about the sort of road to hell as people were calling it and and 1776 00:35:14,950 --> 00:35:14,960 {\an1}hell as people were calling it and and 1777 00:35:14,960 --> 00:35:17,349 {\an1}hell as people were calling it and and we'd seen evidence that um the iraqis 1778 00:35:17,349 --> 00:35:17,359 {\an1}we'd seen evidence that um the iraqis 1779 00:35:17,359 --> 00:35:21,910 {\an1}we'd seen evidence that um the iraqis had been attacked as they were leaving 1780 00:35:21,910 --> 00:35:21,920 {\an1} 1781 00:35:21,920 --> 00:35:24,630 {\an1}road began to fill up with burning 1782 00:35:24,630 --> 00:35:24,640 {\an1}road began to fill up with burning 1783 00:35:24,640 --> 00:35:26,630 {\an1}road began to fill up with burning vehicles and things like that people 1784 00:35:26,630 --> 00:35:26,640 {\an1}vehicles and things like that people 1785 00:35:26,640 --> 00:35:28,550 {\an1}vehicles and things like that people tried to go around it 1786 00:35:28,550 --> 00:35:28,560 {\an1}tried to go around it 1787 00:35:28,560 --> 00:35:30,310 {\an1}tried to go around it they then either got stuck in the sand 1788 00:35:30,310 --> 00:35:30,320 {\an1}they then either got stuck in the sand 1789 00:35:30,320 --> 00:35:32,069 {\an1}they then either got stuck in the sand or they then got hit 1790 00:35:32,069 --> 00:35:32,079 {\an1}or they then got hit 1791 00:35:32,079 --> 00:35:34,150 {\an1}or they then got hit and what you ended up with was a sort of 1792 00:35:34,150 --> 00:35:34,160 {\an1}and what you ended up with was a sort of 1793 00:35:34,160 --> 00:35:37,430 {\an1}and what you ended up with was a sort of terrible burning traffic jam of hundreds 1794 00:35:37,430 --> 00:35:37,440 {\an1}terrible burning traffic jam of hundreds 1795 00:35:37,440 --> 00:35:38,870 {\an1}terrible burning traffic jam of hundreds of vehicles 1796 00:35:38,870 --> 00:35:38,880 {\an1}of vehicles 1797 00:35:38,880 --> 00:35:41,270 {\an1}of vehicles and one of the things i found very 1798 00:35:41,270 --> 00:35:41,280 {\an1}and one of the things i found very 1799 00:35:41,280 --> 00:35:43,990 {\an1}and one of the things i found very affecting in fact it moved me to tears 1800 00:35:43,990 --> 00:35:44,000 {\an1}affecting in fact it moved me to tears 1801 00:35:44,000 --> 00:35:46,150 {\an1}affecting in fact it moved me to tears was that the 1802 00:35:46,150 --> 00:35:46,160 {\an1}was that the 1803 00:35:46,160 --> 00:35:49,670 {\an1}was that the the people who are registering the the 1804 00:35:49,670 --> 00:35:49,680 {\an1}the people who are registering the the 1805 00:35:49,680 --> 00:35:51,510 {\an1}the people who are registering the the iraqis for burial 1806 00:35:51,510 --> 00:35:51,520 {\an1}iraqis for burial 1807 00:35:51,520 --> 00:35:54,310 {\an1}iraqis for burial could only find um 1808 00:35:54,310 --> 00:35:54,320 {\an1}could only find um 1809 00:35:54,320 --> 00:35:55,990 {\an1}could only find um the dog tags the things that you mark 1810 00:35:55,990 --> 00:35:56,000 {\an1}the dog tags the things that you mark 1811 00:35:56,000 --> 00:35:58,550 {\an1}the dog tags the things that you mark bodies with on on a very small number of 1812 00:35:58,550 --> 00:35:58,560 {\an1}bodies with on on a very small number of 1813 00:35:58,560 --> 00:35:59,510 {\an1}bodies with on on a very small number of them 1814 00:35:59,510 --> 00:35:59,520 {\an1}them 1815 00:35:59,520 --> 00:36:01,589 {\an1}them and in the group that we filmed of 80 1816 00:36:01,589 --> 00:36:01,599 {\an1}and in the group that we filmed of 80 1817 00:36:01,599 --> 00:36:03,270 {\an1}and in the group that we filmed of 80 guys who were going to be buried only 1818 00:36:03,270 --> 00:36:03,280 {\an1}guys who were going to be buried only 1819 00:36:03,280 --> 00:36:07,030 {\an1}guys who were going to be buried only two of them had their identity tags on 1820 00:36:07,030 --> 00:36:07,040 {\an1}two of them had their identity tags on 1821 00:36:07,040 --> 00:36:08,950 {\an1}two of them had their identity tags on and i remember writing a line of script 1822 00:36:08,950 --> 00:36:08,960 {\an1}and i remember writing a line of script 1823 00:36:08,960 --> 00:36:12,150 {\an1}and i remember writing a line of script about 78 unknown soldiers whose families 1824 00:36:12,150 --> 00:36:12,160 {\an1}about 78 unknown soldiers whose families 1825 00:36:12,160 --> 00:36:14,950 {\an1}about 78 unknown soldiers whose families will never know their fate 1826 00:36:14,950 --> 00:36:14,960 {\an1}will never know their fate 1827 00:36:14,960 --> 00:36:17,030 {\an1}will never know their fate but the tragedy of that really struck me 1828 00:36:17,030 --> 00:36:17,040 {\an1}but the tragedy of that really struck me 1829 00:36:17,040 --> 00:36:19,750 {\an1}but the tragedy of that really struck me very deeply at the time 1830 00:36:19,750 --> 00:36:19,760 {\an1}very deeply at the time 1831 00:36:19,760 --> 00:36:21,829 {\an1}very deeply at the time that there would be these guys who'd 1832 00:36:21,829 --> 00:36:21,839 {\an1}that there would be these guys who'd 1833 00:36:21,839 --> 00:36:23,829 {\an1}that there would be these guys who'd gone off to war from you know 1834 00:36:23,829 --> 00:36:23,839 {\an1}gone off to war from you know 1835 00:36:23,839 --> 00:36:26,230 {\an1}gone off to war from you know some village in the marshes or suburb of 1836 00:36:26,230 --> 00:36:26,240 {\an1}some village in the marshes or suburb of 1837 00:36:26,240 --> 00:36:27,990 {\an1}some village in the marshes or suburb of baghdad 1838 00:36:27,990 --> 00:36:28,000 {\an1}baghdad 1839 00:36:28,000 --> 00:36:29,349 {\an1}baghdad and that their families would never 1840 00:36:29,349 --> 00:36:29,359 {\an1}and that their families would never 1841 00:36:29,359 --> 00:36:31,829 {\an1}and that their families would never really know how and where they died that 1842 00:36:31,829 --> 00:36:31,839 {\an1}really know how and where they died that 1843 00:36:31,839 --> 00:36:34,710 {\an1}really know how and where they died that they'd just never come back 1844 00:36:34,710 --> 00:36:34,720 {\an1}they'd just never come back 1845 00:36:34,720 --> 00:36:45,130 {\an1}they'd just never come back and i found that very upsetting 1846 00:36:45,130 --> 00:36:45,140 {\an1} 1847 00:36:45,140 --> 00:36:47,190 {\an1} [Music] 1848 00:36:47,190 --> 00:36:47,200 {\an1}[Music] 1849 00:36:47,200 --> 00:36:49,829 {\an1}[Music] the war was over but saddam hussein 1850 00:36:49,829 --> 00:36:49,839 {\an1}the war was over but saddam hussein 1851 00:36:49,839 --> 00:36:51,349 {\an1}the war was over but saddam hussein remained in power 1852 00:36:51,349 --> 00:36:51,359 {\an1}remained in power 1853 00:36:51,359 --> 00:36:54,230 {\an1}remained in power un law restricted the coalition forces 1854 00:36:54,230 --> 00:36:54,240 {\an1}un law restricted the coalition forces 1855 00:36:54,240 --> 00:36:56,550 {\an1}un law restricted the coalition forces from continuing any further 1856 00:36:56,550 --> 00:36:56,560 {\an1}from continuing any further 1857 00:36:56,560 --> 00:36:58,790 {\an1}from continuing any further the biggest question with the invasion 1858 00:36:58,790 --> 00:36:58,800 {\an1}the biggest question with the invasion 1859 00:36:58,800 --> 00:37:01,030 {\an1}the biggest question with the invasion is whether to stop at the iraqi border 1860 00:37:01,030 --> 00:37:01,040 {\an1}is whether to stop at the iraqi border 1861 00:37:01,040 --> 00:37:03,510 {\an1}is whether to stop at the iraqi border whether to go on and remove the regime 1862 00:37:03,510 --> 00:37:03,520 {\an1}whether to go on and remove the regime 1863 00:37:03,520 --> 00:37:05,670 {\an1}whether to go on and remove the regime which had created this war 1864 00:37:05,670 --> 00:37:05,680 {\an1}which had created this war 1865 00:37:05,680 --> 00:37:07,430 {\an1}which had created this war much of the western response had been to 1866 00:37:07,430 --> 00:37:07,440 {\an1}much of the western response had been to 1867 00:37:07,440 --> 00:37:09,990 {\an1}much of the western response had been to describe hussein as another hitler and 1868 00:37:09,990 --> 00:37:10,000 {\an1}describe hussein as another hitler and 1869 00:37:10,000 --> 00:37:12,710 {\an1}describe hussein as another hitler and as with 1945 there was nothing short of 1870 00:37:12,710 --> 00:37:12,720 {\an1}as with 1945 there was nothing short of 1871 00:37:12,720 --> 00:37:14,870 {\an1}as with 1945 there was nothing short of removing him physically from power 1872 00:37:14,870 --> 00:37:14,880 {\an1}removing him physically from power 1873 00:37:14,880 --> 00:37:16,390 {\an1}removing him physically from power that wasn't done 1874 00:37:16,390 --> 00:37:16,400 {\an1}that wasn't done 1875 00:37:16,400 --> 00:37:18,870 {\an1}that wasn't done the reasons being that united nations 1876 00:37:18,870 --> 00:37:18,880 {\an1}the reasons being that united nations 1877 00:37:18,880 --> 00:37:20,550 {\an1}the reasons being that united nations resolutions had not given sanction for 1878 00:37:20,550 --> 00:37:20,560 {\an1}resolutions had not given sanction for 1879 00:37:20,560 --> 00:37:22,550 {\an1}resolutions had not given sanction for that so it would have been illegal 1880 00:37:22,550 --> 00:37:22,560 {\an1}that so it would have been illegal 1881 00:37:22,560 --> 00:37:23,829 {\an1}that so it would have been illegal there's always been discussions about 1882 00:37:23,829 --> 00:37:23,839 {\an1}there's always been discussions about 1883 00:37:23,839 --> 00:37:24,710 {\an1}there's always been discussions about whether 1884 00:37:24,710 --> 00:37:24,720 {\an1}whether 1885 00:37:24,720 --> 00:37:26,150 {\an1}whether the ground forces should have gone to 1886 00:37:26,150 --> 00:37:26,160 {\an1}the ground forces should have gone to 1887 00:37:26,160 --> 00:37:28,390 {\an1}the ground forces should have gone to baghdad and captured saddam hussein it 1888 00:37:28,390 --> 00:37:28,400 {\an1}baghdad and captured saddam hussein it 1889 00:37:28,400 --> 00:37:30,230 {\an1}baghdad and captured saddam hussein it was never the aim the aim was only ever 1890 00:37:30,230 --> 00:37:30,240 {\an1}was never the aim the aim was only ever 1891 00:37:30,240 --> 00:37:32,630 {\an1}was never the aim the aim was only ever to liberate kuwait the fact that saddam 1892 00:37:32,630 --> 00:37:32,640 {\an1}to liberate kuwait the fact that saddam 1893 00:37:32,640 --> 00:37:34,710 {\an1}to liberate kuwait the fact that saddam hussein stayed in power is unfortunate 1894 00:37:34,710 --> 00:37:34,720 {\an1}hussein stayed in power is unfortunate 1895 00:37:34,720 --> 00:37:37,030 {\an1}hussein stayed in power is unfortunate because of what he subsequently did to 1896 00:37:37,030 --> 00:37:37,040 {\an1}because of what he subsequently did to 1897 00:37:37,040 --> 00:37:38,630 {\an1}because of what he subsequently did to iraq 1898 00:37:38,630 --> 00:37:38,640 {\an1}iraq 1899 00:37:38,640 --> 00:37:41,030 {\an1}iraq instead the u.s president called for 1900 00:37:41,030 --> 00:37:41,040 {\an1}instead the u.s president called for 1901 00:37:41,040 --> 00:37:43,990 {\an1}instead the u.s president called for revolution in iraq asking saddam's 1902 00:37:43,990 --> 00:37:44,000 {\an1}revolution in iraq asking saddam's 1903 00:37:44,000 --> 00:37:46,230 {\an1}revolution in iraq asking saddam's enemies the shias in the south and the 1904 00:37:46,230 --> 00:37:46,240 {\an1}enemies the shias in the south and the 1905 00:37:46,240 --> 00:37:48,790 {\an1}enemies the shias in the south and the kurds in the north to try and topple the 1906 00:37:48,790 --> 00:37:48,800 {\an1}kurds in the north to try and topple the 1907 00:37:48,800 --> 00:37:51,190 {\an1}kurds in the north to try and topple the tyrant 1908 00:37:51,190 --> 00:37:51,200 {\an1}tyrant 1909 00:37:51,200 --> 00:37:54,710 {\an1}tyrant bush called on iraqis to rise up which 1910 00:37:54,710 --> 00:37:54,720 {\an1}bush called on iraqis to rise up which 1911 00:37:54,720 --> 00:37:55,990 {\an1}bush called on iraqis to rise up which they did 1912 00:37:55,990 --> 00:37:56,000 {\an1}they did 1913 00:37:56,000 --> 00:37:58,150 {\an1}they did but nothing was done to support those 1914 00:37:58,150 --> 00:37:58,160 {\an1}but nothing was done to support those 1915 00:37:58,160 --> 00:37:59,109 {\an1}but nothing was done to support those people 1916 00:37:59,109 --> 00:37:59,119 {\an1}people 1917 00:37:59,119 --> 00:38:01,670 {\an1}people and the consequence was that many many 1918 00:38:01,670 --> 00:38:01,680 {\an1}and the consequence was that many many 1919 00:38:01,680 --> 00:38:04,069 {\an1}and the consequence was that many many shias suffered terrible repression and 1920 00:38:04,069 --> 00:38:04,079 {\an1}shias suffered terrible repression and 1921 00:38:04,079 --> 00:38:07,349 {\an1}shias suffered terrible repression and curds 1922 00:38:07,349 --> 00:38:07,359 {\an1} 1923 00:38:07,359 --> 00:38:09,510 {\an1}following the uprisings many kurdish 1924 00:38:09,510 --> 00:38:09,520 {\an1}following the uprisings many kurdish 1925 00:38:09,520 --> 00:38:11,829 {\an1}following the uprisings many kurdish people in northern iraq were forced to 1926 00:38:11,829 --> 00:38:11,839 {\an1}people in northern iraq were forced to 1927 00:38:11,839 --> 00:38:13,510 {\an1}people in northern iraq were forced to flee from their homes 1928 00:38:13,510 --> 00:38:13,520 {\an1}flee from their homes 1929 00:38:13,520 --> 00:38:16,630 {\an1}flee from their homes in 1991 an operation was set up to 1930 00:38:16,630 --> 00:38:16,640 {\an1}in 1991 an operation was set up to 1931 00:38:16,640 --> 00:38:18,950 {\an1}in 1991 an operation was set up to protect the refugees and give them 1932 00:38:18,950 --> 00:38:18,960 {\an1}protect the refugees and give them 1933 00:38:18,960 --> 00:38:23,270 {\an1}protect the refugees and give them humanitarian aid 1934 00:38:23,270 --> 00:38:23,280 {\an1} 1935 00:38:23,280 --> 00:38:26,150 {\an1}royal marine major general andy salmon 1936 00:38:26,150 --> 00:38:26,160 {\an1}royal marine major general andy salmon 1937 00:38:26,160 --> 00:38:28,550 {\an1}royal marine major general andy salmon was part of the coalition effort named 1938 00:38:28,550 --> 00:38:28,560 {\an1}was part of the coalition effort named 1939 00:38:28,560 --> 00:38:30,870 {\an1}was part of the coalition effort named operation haven in the uk 1940 00:38:30,870 --> 00:38:30,880 {\an1}operation haven in the uk 1941 00:38:30,880 --> 00:38:33,190 {\an1}operation haven in the uk to put an end to the persecution in 1942 00:38:33,190 --> 00:38:33,200 {\an1}to put an end to the persecution in 1943 00:38:33,200 --> 00:38:35,510 {\an1}to put an end to the persecution in which iraqi troops loyal to saddam 1944 00:38:35,510 --> 00:38:35,520 {\an1}which iraqi troops loyal to saddam 1945 00:38:35,520 --> 00:38:38,390 {\an1}which iraqi troops loyal to saddam hussein had been killing over a thousand 1946 00:38:38,390 --> 00:38:38,400 {\an1}hussein had been killing over a thousand 1947 00:38:38,400 --> 00:38:42,069 {\an1}hussein had been killing over a thousand kurdish people every day 1948 00:38:42,069 --> 00:38:42,079 {\an1} 1949 00:38:42,079 --> 00:38:44,230 {\an1}we came across a bath party police 1950 00:38:44,230 --> 00:38:44,240 {\an1}we came across a bath party police 1951 00:38:44,240 --> 00:38:46,710 {\an1}we came across a bath party police station which had you know blood-stained 1952 00:38:46,710 --> 00:38:46,720 {\an1}station which had you know blood-stained 1953 00:38:46,720 --> 00:38:49,910 {\an1}station which had you know blood-stained walls down in the cellars with iron bed 1954 00:38:49,910 --> 00:38:49,920 {\an1}walls down in the cellars with iron bed 1955 00:38:49,920 --> 00:38:53,349 {\an1}walls down in the cellars with iron bed frames sort of wired up to light sockets 1956 00:38:53,349 --> 00:38:53,359 {\an1}frames sort of wired up to light sockets 1957 00:38:53,359 --> 00:38:55,829 {\an1}frames sort of wired up to light sockets in the ceiling for electric torture and 1958 00:38:55,829 --> 00:38:55,839 {\an1}in the ceiling for electric torture and 1959 00:38:55,839 --> 00:38:58,230 {\an1}in the ceiling for electric torture and the stench was pretty horrible 1960 00:38:58,230 --> 00:38:58,240 {\an1}the stench was pretty horrible 1961 00:38:58,240 --> 00:39:00,550 {\an1}the stench was pretty horrible so we sort of saw things like that 1962 00:39:00,550 --> 00:39:00,560 {\an1}so we sort of saw things like that 1963 00:39:00,560 --> 00:39:02,710 {\an1}so we sort of saw things like that there were two major things that had to 1964 00:39:02,710 --> 00:39:02,720 {\an1}there were two major things that had to 1965 00:39:02,720 --> 00:39:05,270 {\an1}there were two major things that had to be done one was a humanitarian job in 1966 00:39:05,270 --> 00:39:05,280 {\an1}be done one was a humanitarian job in 1967 00:39:05,280 --> 00:39:09,270 {\an1}be done one was a humanitarian job in the mountains a massive airlift in 38 1968 00:39:09,270 --> 00:39:09,280 {\an1}the mountains a massive airlift in 38 1969 00:39:09,280 --> 00:39:11,910 {\an1}the mountains a massive airlift in 38 days there was a bigger airlift to 1970 00:39:11,910 --> 00:39:11,920 {\an1}days there was a bigger airlift to 1971 00:39:11,920 --> 00:39:14,870 {\an1}days there was a bigger airlift to provide food and relief to at least a 1972 00:39:14,870 --> 00:39:14,880 {\an1}provide food and relief to at least a 1973 00:39:14,880 --> 00:39:16,630 {\an1}provide food and relief to at least a million and a half people than in the 1974 00:39:16,630 --> 00:39:16,640 {\an1}million and a half people than in the 1975 00:39:16,640 --> 00:39:18,069 {\an1}million and a half people than in the whole of the berlin area if that gives 1976 00:39:18,069 --> 00:39:18,079 {\an1}whole of the berlin area if that gives 1977 00:39:18,079 --> 00:39:20,630 {\an1}whole of the berlin area if that gives you an idea of the scale so that was the 1978 00:39:20,630 --> 00:39:20,640 {\an1}you an idea of the scale so that was the 1979 00:39:20,640 --> 00:39:23,510 {\an1}you an idea of the scale so that was the first task really which was to save life 1980 00:39:23,510 --> 00:39:23,520 {\an1}first task really which was to save life 1981 00:39:23,520 --> 00:39:25,430 {\an1}first task really which was to save life and the second task then was to mount 1982 00:39:25,430 --> 00:39:25,440 {\an1}and the second task then was to mount 1983 00:39:25,440 --> 00:39:27,670 {\an1}and the second task then was to mount the security operation and physically 1984 00:39:27,670 --> 00:39:27,680 {\an1}the security operation and physically 1985 00:39:27,680 --> 00:39:28,710 {\an1}the security operation and physically clear 1986 00:39:28,710 --> 00:39:28,720 {\an1}clear 1987 00:39:28,720 --> 00:39:30,870 {\an1}clear iraqi forces 1988 00:39:30,870 --> 00:39:30,880 {\an1}iraqi forces 1989 00:39:30,880 --> 00:39:34,040 {\an1}iraqi forces out of a portion of northern iraq 1990 00:39:34,040 --> 00:39:34,050 {\an1}out of a portion of northern iraq 1991 00:39:34,050 --> 00:39:36,710 {\an1}out of a portion of northern iraq [Music] 1992 00:39:36,710 --> 00:39:36,720 {\an1}[Music] 1993 00:39:36,720 --> 00:39:38,630 {\an1}[Music] negotiating with the enemy was a 1994 00:39:38,630 --> 00:39:38,640 {\an1}negotiating with the enemy was a 1995 00:39:38,640 --> 00:39:41,750 {\an1}negotiating with the enemy was a dangerous but necessary tactic 1996 00:39:41,750 --> 00:39:41,760 {\an1}dangerous but necessary tactic 1997 00:39:41,760 --> 00:39:43,510 {\an1}dangerous but necessary tactic [Music] 1998 00:39:43,510 --> 00:39:43,520 {\an1}[Music] 1999 00:39:43,520 --> 00:39:45,589 {\an1}[Music] we drove into 2000 00:39:45,589 --> 00:39:45,599 {\an1}we drove into 2001 00:39:45,599 --> 00:39:46,470 {\an1}we drove into this 2002 00:39:46,470 --> 00:39:46,480 {\an1}this 2003 00:39:46,480 --> 00:39:49,750 {\an1}this hilltop sort of fort type position 2004 00:39:49,750 --> 00:39:49,760 {\an1}hilltop sort of fort type position 2005 00:39:49,760 --> 00:39:51,430 {\an1}hilltop sort of fort type position and immediately was surrounded by about 2006 00:39:51,430 --> 00:39:51,440 {\an1}and immediately was surrounded by about 2007 00:39:51,440 --> 00:39:53,910 {\an1}and immediately was surrounded by about 100 iraqi soldiers 2008 00:39:53,910 --> 00:39:53,920 {\an1}100 iraqi soldiers 2009 00:39:53,920 --> 00:39:55,829 {\an1}100 iraqi soldiers and they were probably a surprise to see 2010 00:39:55,829 --> 00:39:55,839 {\an1}and they were probably a surprise to see 2011 00:39:55,839 --> 00:39:58,069 {\an1}and they were probably a surprise to see us as we were surprised to see them 2012 00:39:58,069 --> 00:39:58,079 {\an1}us as we were surprised to see them 2013 00:39:58,079 --> 00:40:00,950 {\an1}us as we were surprised to see them there was no sort of turning back 2014 00:40:00,950 --> 00:40:00,960 {\an1}there was no sort of turning back 2015 00:40:00,960 --> 00:40:02,470 {\an1}there was no sort of turning back and so we introduced ourselves as 2016 00:40:02,470 --> 00:40:02,480 {\an1}and so we introduced ourselves as 2017 00:40:02,480 --> 00:40:04,069 {\an1}and so we introduced ourselves as representative 4-5 commander in the 2018 00:40:04,069 --> 00:40:04,079 {\an1}representative 4-5 commander in the 2019 00:40:04,079 --> 00:40:05,190 {\an1}representative 4-5 commander in the coalition 2020 00:40:05,190 --> 00:40:05,200 {\an1}coalition 2021 00:40:05,200 --> 00:40:06,550 {\an1}coalition and said well 2022 00:40:06,550 --> 00:40:06,560 {\an1}and said well 2023 00:40:06,560 --> 00:40:08,790 {\an1}and said well in a couple of days time four or five 2024 00:40:08,790 --> 00:40:08,800 {\an1}in a couple of days time four or five 2025 00:40:08,800 --> 00:40:10,309 {\an1}in a couple of days time four or five commander gonna come in and clear the 2026 00:40:10,309 --> 00:40:10,319 {\an1}commander gonna come in and clear the 2027 00:40:10,319 --> 00:40:12,309 {\an1}commander gonna come in and clear the whole of this region 2028 00:40:12,309 --> 00:40:12,319 {\an1}whole of this region 2029 00:40:12,319 --> 00:40:15,190 {\an1}whole of this region and it'd be a fantastic idea if you 2030 00:40:15,190 --> 00:40:15,200 {\an1}and it'd be a fantastic idea if you 2031 00:40:15,200 --> 00:40:17,430 {\an1}and it'd be a fantastic idea if you weren't here when the commando comes 2032 00:40:17,430 --> 00:40:17,440 {\an1}weren't here when the commando comes 2033 00:40:17,440 --> 00:40:18,390 {\an1}weren't here when the commando comes through 2034 00:40:18,390 --> 00:40:18,400 {\an1}through 2035 00:40:18,400 --> 00:40:20,870 {\an1}through you said no that's absolutely impossible 2036 00:40:20,870 --> 00:40:20,880 {\an1}you said no that's absolutely impossible 2037 00:40:20,880 --> 00:40:22,790 {\an1}you said no that's absolutely impossible and i said well listen we're coming 2038 00:40:22,790 --> 00:40:22,800 {\an1}and i said well listen we're coming 2039 00:40:22,800 --> 00:40:24,790 {\an1}and i said well listen we're coming through and it'd be better to avoid any 2040 00:40:24,790 --> 00:40:24,800 {\an1}through and it'd be better to avoid any 2041 00:40:24,800 --> 00:40:26,870 {\an1}through and it'd be better to avoid any fighting and any violence so it'd be 2042 00:40:26,870 --> 00:40:26,880 {\an1}fighting and any violence so it'd be 2043 00:40:26,880 --> 00:40:28,710 {\an1}fighting and any violence so it'd be crack an idea if you go on why don't you 2044 00:40:28,710 --> 00:40:28,720 {\an1}crack an idea if you go on why don't you 2045 00:40:28,720 --> 00:40:31,430 {\an1}crack an idea if you go on why don't you try again anyway said no it's impossible 2046 00:40:31,430 --> 00:40:31,440 {\an1}try again anyway said no it's impossible 2047 00:40:31,440 --> 00:40:32,790 {\an1}try again anyway said no it's impossible we can't move you know i haven't got the 2048 00:40:32,790 --> 00:40:32,800 {\an1}we can't move you know i haven't got the 2049 00:40:32,800 --> 00:40:35,109 {\an1}we can't move you know i haven't got the orders of permissions to do that anyway 2050 00:40:35,109 --> 00:40:35,119 {\an1}orders of permissions to do that anyway 2051 00:40:35,119 --> 00:40:37,750 {\an1}orders of permissions to do that anyway the next day they disappeared 2052 00:40:37,750 --> 00:40:37,760 {\an1}the next day they disappeared 2053 00:40:37,760 --> 00:40:40,069 {\an1}the next day they disappeared the humanitarian operation was an 2054 00:40:40,069 --> 00:40:40,079 {\an1}the humanitarian operation was an 2055 00:40:40,079 --> 00:40:42,790 {\an1}the humanitarian operation was an overwhelming success which helped bring 2056 00:40:42,790 --> 00:40:42,800 {\an1}overwhelming success which helped bring 2057 00:40:42,800 --> 00:40:45,670 {\an1}overwhelming success which helped bring peace and comfort to the kurds 2058 00:40:45,670 --> 00:40:45,680 {\an1}peace and comfort to the kurds 2059 00:40:45,680 --> 00:40:47,829 {\an1}peace and comfort to the kurds haven i think it was 2060 00:40:47,829 --> 00:40:47,839 {\an1}haven i think it was 2061 00:40:47,839 --> 00:40:51,990 {\an1}haven i think it was about 58 days or you know just short of 2062 00:40:51,990 --> 00:40:52,000 {\an1}about 58 days or you know just short of 2063 00:40:52,000 --> 00:40:54,069 {\an1}about 58 days or you know just short of a couple of months solid 2064 00:40:54,069 --> 00:40:54,079 {\an1}a couple of months solid 2065 00:40:54,079 --> 00:40:56,630 {\an1}a couple of months solid one and a half million kurds were saved 2066 00:40:56,630 --> 00:40:56,640 {\an1}one and a half million kurds were saved 2067 00:40:56,640 --> 00:40:59,990 {\an1}one and a half million kurds were saved moved into refugee camps and were able 2068 00:40:59,990 --> 00:41:00,000 {\an1}moved into refugee camps and were able 2069 00:41:00,000 --> 00:41:02,069 {\an1}moved into refugee camps and were able to go back to their homes 2070 00:41:02,069 --> 00:41:02,079 {\an1}to go back to their homes 2071 00:41:02,079 --> 00:41:04,870 {\an1}to go back to their homes that operation was sustained 2072 00:41:04,870 --> 00:41:04,880 {\an1}that operation was sustained 2073 00:41:04,880 --> 00:41:07,910 {\an1}that operation was sustained really by the creation of this sort of 2074 00:41:07,910 --> 00:41:07,920 {\an1}really by the creation of this sort of 2075 00:41:07,920 --> 00:41:11,190 {\an1}really by the creation of this sort of no-fly zone to make sure that saddam's 2076 00:41:11,190 --> 00:41:11,200 {\an1}no-fly zone to make sure that saddam's 2077 00:41:11,200 --> 00:41:15,030 {\an1}no-fly zone to make sure that saddam's forces didn't go back in there 2078 00:41:15,030 --> 00:41:15,040 {\an1} 2079 00:41:15,040 --> 00:41:17,190 {\an1}after the war and the uprisings against 2080 00:41:17,190 --> 00:41:17,200 {\an1}after the war and the uprisings against 2081 00:41:17,200 --> 00:41:19,910 {\an1}after the war and the uprisings against him saddam hussein remained in power in 2082 00:41:19,910 --> 00:41:19,920 {\an1}him saddam hussein remained in power in 2083 00:41:19,920 --> 00:41:23,349 {\an1}him saddam hussein remained in power in iraq while in the 1992 u.s presidential 2084 00:41:23,349 --> 00:41:23,359 {\an1}iraq while in the 1992 u.s presidential 2085 00:41:23,359 --> 00:41:26,230 {\an1}iraq while in the 1992 u.s presidential election his old adversary george bush 2086 00:41:26,230 --> 00:41:26,240 {\an1}election his old adversary george bush 2087 00:41:26,240 --> 00:41:27,589 {\an1}election his old adversary george bush lost out 2088 00:41:27,589 --> 00:41:27,599 {\an1}lost out 2089 00:41:27,599 --> 00:41:29,510 {\an1}lost out many people look at it from a political 2090 00:41:29,510 --> 00:41:29,520 {\an1}many people look at it from a political 2091 00:41:29,520 --> 00:41:31,510 {\an1}many people look at it from a political perspective and say 2092 00:41:31,510 --> 00:41:31,520 {\an1}perspective and say 2093 00:41:31,520 --> 00:41:34,790 {\an1}perspective and say actually after the gulf war president 2094 00:41:34,790 --> 00:41:34,800 {\an1}actually after the gulf war president 2095 00:41:34,800 --> 00:41:36,150 {\an1}actually after the gulf war president george bush could not hold on to the 2096 00:41:36,150 --> 00:41:36,160 {\an1}george bush could not hold on to the 2097 00:41:36,160 --> 00:41:38,470 {\an1}george bush could not hold on to the presidency but saddam hussein stayed in 2098 00:41:38,470 --> 00:41:38,480 {\an1}presidency but saddam hussein stayed in 2099 00:41:38,480 --> 00:41:41,190 {\an1}presidency but saddam hussein stayed in power and so the question has asked who 2100 00:41:41,190 --> 00:41:41,200 {\an1}power and so the question has asked who 2101 00:41:41,200 --> 00:41:47,109 {\an1}power and so the question has asked who really won overall 2102 00:41:47,109 --> 00:41:47,119 {\an1} 2103 00:41:47,119 --> 00:41:49,589 {\an1}it took another 12 years for the u.s to 2104 00:41:49,589 --> 00:41:49,599 {\an1}it took another 12 years for the u.s to 2105 00:41:49,599 --> 00:41:52,390 {\an1}it took another 12 years for the u.s to get what it really wanted this infamous 2106 00:41:52,390 --> 00:41:52,400 {\an1}get what it really wanted this infamous 2107 00:41:52,400 --> 00:41:53,270 {\an1}get what it really wanted this infamous scene 2108 00:41:53,270 --> 00:41:53,280 {\an1}scene 2109 00:41:53,280 --> 00:41:56,069 {\an1}scene took place in the wake of the iraq war 2110 00:41:56,069 --> 00:41:56,079 {\an1}took place in the wake of the iraq war 2111 00:41:56,079 --> 00:41:57,910 {\an1}took place in the wake of the iraq war of 2003 2112 00:41:57,910 --> 00:41:57,920 {\an1}of 2003 2113 00:41:57,920 --> 00:42:00,230 {\an1}of 2003 when coalition forces returned to the 2114 00:42:00,230 --> 00:42:00,240 {\an1}when coalition forces returned to the 2115 00:42:00,240 --> 00:42:02,230 {\an1}when coalition forces returned to the gulf and under more controversial 2116 00:42:02,230 --> 00:42:02,240 {\an1}gulf and under more controversial 2117 00:42:02,240 --> 00:42:03,829 {\an1}gulf and under more controversial circumstances 2118 00:42:03,829 --> 00:42:03,839 {\an1}circumstances 2119 00:42:03,839 --> 00:42:06,870 {\an1}circumstances under the banner of the war on terror 2120 00:42:06,870 --> 00:42:06,880 {\an1}under the banner of the war on terror 2121 00:42:06,880 --> 00:42:09,829 {\an1}under the banner of the war on terror a new president george bush achieved 2122 00:42:09,829 --> 00:42:09,839 {\an1}a new president george bush achieved 2123 00:42:09,839 --> 00:42:12,150 {\an1}a new president george bush achieved what his father never did 2124 00:42:12,150 --> 00:42:12,160 {\an1}what his father never did 2125 00:42:12,160 --> 00:42:14,550 {\an1}what his father never did toppling saddam hussein 2126 00:42:14,550 --> 00:42:14,560 {\an1}toppling saddam hussein 2127 00:42:14,560 --> 00:42:16,870 {\an1}toppling saddam hussein and extinguishing the ghosts 2128 00:42:16,870 --> 00:42:16,880 {\an1}and extinguishing the ghosts 2129 00:42:16,880 --> 00:42:24,390 {\an1}and extinguishing the ghosts of the first gulf war 2130 00:42:24,390 --> 00:42:24,400 {\an1} 2131 00:42:24,400 --> 00:42:26,870 {\an1}it sparked a determination among 2132 00:42:26,870 --> 00:42:26,880 {\an1}it sparked a determination among 2133 00:42:26,880 --> 00:42:28,950 {\an1}it sparked a determination among so-called neoconservatives that they 2134 00:42:28,950 --> 00:42:28,960 {\an1}so-called neoconservatives that they 2135 00:42:28,960 --> 00:42:31,750 {\an1}so-called neoconservatives that they were going to defeat saddam hussein and 2136 00:42:31,750 --> 00:42:31,760 {\an1}were going to defeat saddam hussein and 2137 00:42:31,760 --> 00:42:34,150 {\an1}were going to defeat saddam hussein and so it directly led to the invasion of 2138 00:42:34,150 --> 00:42:34,160 {\an1}so it directly led to the invasion of 2139 00:42:34,160 --> 00:42:37,190 {\an1}so it directly led to the invasion of iraq in 2003 2140 00:42:37,190 --> 00:42:37,200 {\an1}iraq in 2003 2141 00:42:37,200 --> 00:42:39,910 {\an1}iraq in 2003 i think that was the important 2142 00:42:39,910 --> 00:42:39,920 {\an1}i think that was the important 2143 00:42:39,920 --> 00:42:42,230 {\an1}i think that was the important thing that it started 2144 00:42:42,230 --> 00:42:42,240 {\an1}thing that it started 2145 00:42:42,240 --> 00:42:45,589 {\an1}thing that it started it involved sanctions against iraq that 2146 00:42:45,589 --> 00:42:45,599 {\an1}it involved sanctions against iraq that 2147 00:42:45,599 --> 00:42:48,309 {\an1}it involved sanctions against iraq that continued and that created huge problems 2148 00:42:48,309 --> 00:42:48,319 {\an1}continued and that created huge problems 2149 00:42:48,319 --> 00:42:50,950 {\an1}continued and that created huge problems inside iraq so that by the time they did 2150 00:42:50,950 --> 00:42:50,960 {\an1}inside iraq so that by the time they did 2151 00:42:50,960 --> 00:42:53,510 {\an1}inside iraq so that by the time they did invade 2003 2152 00:42:53,510 --> 00:42:53,520 {\an1}invade 2003 2153 00:42:53,520 --> 00:42:57,030 {\an1}invade 2003 iraq was really almost already a very 2154 00:42:57,030 --> 00:42:57,040 {\an1}iraq was really almost already a very 2155 00:42:57,040 --> 00:42:59,589 {\an1}iraq was really almost already a very weak state in a fragile state so they 2156 00:42:59,589 --> 00:42:59,599 {\an1}weak state in a fragile state so they 2157 00:42:59,599 --> 00:43:01,910 {\an1}weak state in a fragile state so they were able to topple saddam hussein very 2158 00:43:01,910 --> 00:43:01,920 {\an1}were able to topple saddam hussein very 2159 00:43:01,920 --> 00:43:03,990 {\an1}were able to topple saddam hussein very easily in 2003 2160 00:43:03,990 --> 00:43:04,000 {\an1}easily in 2003 2161 00:43:04,000 --> 00:43:06,069 {\an1}easily in 2003 but they were left actually essentially 2162 00:43:06,069 --> 00:43:06,079 {\an1}but they were left actually essentially 2163 00:43:06,079 --> 00:43:09,270 {\an1}but they were left actually essentially with a new war 2164 00:43:09,270 --> 00:43:09,280 {\an1} 2165 00:43:09,280 --> 00:43:11,750 {\an1}saddam hussein was executed for his 2166 00:43:11,750 --> 00:43:11,760 {\an1}saddam hussein was executed for his 2167 00:43:11,760 --> 00:43:15,349 {\an1}saddam hussein was executed for his crimes against humanity in 2006 2168 00:43:15,349 --> 00:43:15,359 {\an1}crimes against humanity in 2006 2169 00:43:15,359 --> 00:43:17,670 {\an1}crimes against humanity in 2006 and it took another five years before 2170 00:43:17,670 --> 00:43:17,680 {\an1}and it took another five years before 2171 00:43:17,680 --> 00:43:23,910 {\an1}and it took another five years before u.s troops finally withdrew from iraq 2172 00:43:23,910 --> 00:43:23,920 {\an1} 2173 00:43:23,920 --> 00:43:26,470 {\an1}overtaken in the conscience by the iraq 2174 00:43:26,470 --> 00:43:26,480 {\an1}overtaken in the conscience by the iraq 2175 00:43:26,480 --> 00:43:30,550 {\an1}overtaken in the conscience by the iraq war the gulf war of 1991 has been almost 2176 00:43:30,550 --> 00:43:30,560 {\an1}war the gulf war of 1991 has been almost 2177 00:43:30,560 --> 00:43:33,190 {\an1}war the gulf war of 1991 has been almost entirely forgotten about despite its 2178 00:43:33,190 --> 00:43:33,200 {\an1}entirely forgotten about despite its 2179 00:43:33,200 --> 00:43:37,430 {\an1}entirely forgotten about despite its devastating success 2180 00:43:37,430 --> 00:43:37,440 {\an1} 2181 00:43:37,440 --> 00:43:39,109 {\an1}if anyone goes to london they'll see war 2182 00:43:39,109 --> 00:43:39,119 {\an1}if anyone goes to london they'll see war 2183 00:43:39,119 --> 00:43:41,990 {\an1}if anyone goes to london they'll see war memorials everywhere 2184 00:43:41,990 --> 00:43:42,000 {\an1}memorials everywhere 2185 00:43:42,000 --> 00:43:43,910 {\an1}memorials everywhere bomber command battle of britain 2186 00:43:43,910 --> 00:43:43,920 {\an1}bomber command battle of britain 2187 00:43:43,920 --> 00:43:46,710 {\an1}bomber command battle of britain commandos korean war there still isn't a 2188 00:43:46,710 --> 00:43:46,720 {\an1}commandos korean war there still isn't a 2189 00:43:46,720 --> 00:43:49,190 {\an1}commandos korean war there still isn't a memorial in london to the gulf war there 2190 00:43:49,190 --> 00:43:49,200 {\an1}memorial in london to the gulf war there 2191 00:43:49,200 --> 00:43:51,349 {\an1}memorial in london to the gulf war there is one in the national arboretum which 2192 00:43:51,349 --> 00:43:51,359 {\an1}is one in the national arboretum which 2193 00:43:51,359 --> 00:43:53,829 {\an1}is one in the national arboretum which was unveiled in 2016 paid for by the 2194 00:43:53,829 --> 00:43:53,839 {\an1}was unveiled in 2016 paid for by the 2195 00:43:53,839 --> 00:43:56,230 {\an1}was unveiled in 2016 paid for by the kuwaiti government which marks those who 2196 00:43:56,230 --> 00:43:56,240 {\an1}kuwaiti government which marks those who 2197 00:43:56,240 --> 00:43:58,150 {\an1}kuwaiti government which marks those who fell but nothing in london so far and i 2198 00:43:58,150 --> 00:43:58,160 {\an1}fell but nothing in london so far and i 2199 00:43:58,160 --> 00:43:59,589 {\an1}fell but nothing in london so far and i think that does reflect the fact that it 2200 00:43:59,589 --> 00:43:59,599 {\an1}think that does reflect the fact that it 2201 00:43:59,599 --> 00:44:01,270 {\an1}think that does reflect the fact that it isn't something because of the 2202 00:44:01,270 --> 00:44:01,280 {\an1}isn't something because of the 2203 00:44:01,280 --> 00:44:03,430 {\an1}isn't something because of the low numbers of casualties that it's not 2204 00:44:03,430 --> 00:44:03,440 {\an1}low numbers of casualties that it's not 2205 00:44:03,440 --> 00:44:07,750 {\an1}low numbers of casualties that it's not something which is as 2206 00:44:07,750 --> 00:44:07,760 {\an1} 2207 00:44:07,760 --> 00:44:08,790 {\an1}i significant we could do with it being 2208 00:44:08,790 --> 00:44:08,800 {\an1}i significant we could do with it being 2209 00:44:08,800 --> 00:44:10,150 {\an1}i significant we could do with it being in the public consciousness more because 2210 00:44:10,150 --> 00:44:10,160 {\an1}in the public consciousness more because 2211 00:44:10,160 --> 00:44:13,910 {\an1}in the public consciousness more because those guys gave everything for the cause 2212 00:44:13,910 --> 00:44:13,920 {\an1}those guys gave everything for the cause 2213 00:44:13,920 --> 00:44:15,750 {\an1}those guys gave everything for the cause and didn't really get the recognition 2214 00:44:15,750 --> 00:44:15,760 {\an1}and didn't really get the recognition 2215 00:44:15,760 --> 00:44:26,870 {\an1}and didn't really get the recognition that they need 2216 00:44:26,870 --> 00:44:26,880 {\an1} 2217 00:44:26,880 --> 00:44:29,349 {\an1}the gulf war was a resounding military 2218 00:44:29,349 --> 00:44:29,359 {\an1}the gulf war was a resounding military 2219 00:44:29,359 --> 00:44:32,470 {\an1}the gulf war was a resounding military success for the u.s led coalition but it 2220 00:44:32,470 --> 00:44:32,480 {\an1}success for the u.s led coalition but it 2221 00:44:32,480 --> 00:44:35,910 {\an1}success for the u.s led coalition but it came about at an enormous political cost 2222 00:44:35,910 --> 00:44:35,920 {\an1}came about at an enormous political cost 2223 00:44:35,920 --> 00:44:38,230 {\an1}came about at an enormous political cost the russian leader mikhail gorbachev 2224 00:44:38,230 --> 00:44:38,240 {\an1}the russian leader mikhail gorbachev 2225 00:44:38,240 --> 00:44:40,710 {\an1}the russian leader mikhail gorbachev said the end of the war would herald an 2226 00:44:40,710 --> 00:44:40,720 {\an1}said the end of the war would herald an 2227 00:44:40,720 --> 00:44:42,390 {\an1}said the end of the war would herald an age of peace 2228 00:44:42,390 --> 00:44:42,400 {\an1}age of peace 2229 00:44:42,400 --> 00:44:45,270 {\an1}age of peace well it didn't did it thirty years later 2230 00:44:45,270 --> 00:44:45,280 {\an1}well it didn't did it thirty years later 2231 00:44:45,280 --> 00:44:47,910 {\an1}well it didn't did it thirty years later the area is still in chaos if the 2232 00:44:47,910 --> 00:44:47,920 {\an1}the area is still in chaos if the 2233 00:44:47,920 --> 00:44:49,750 {\an1}the area is still in chaos if the americans thought they were bringing 2234 00:44:49,750 --> 00:44:49,760 {\an1}americans thought they were bringing 2235 00:44:49,760 --> 00:44:52,630 {\an1}americans thought they were bringing stability to the region 2236 00:44:52,630 --> 00:44:52,640 {\an1}stability to the region 2237 00:44:52,640 --> 00:45:08,340 {\an1}stability to the region they couldn't have been more wrong 2238 00:45:08,340 --> 00:45:08,350 {\an1} 2239 00:45:08,350 --> 00:45:26,790 {\an1} [Music] 2240 00:45:26,790 --> 00:45:26,800 {\an1} 2241 00:45:26,800 --> 00:45:28,880 {\an1} you