1
00:00:04,800 --> 00:00:10,320
I'm setting out on a journey across
three continents in search of one
of the biggest stories of our age.

2
00:00:10,320 --> 00:00:13,680
The unstoppable global rise
of China.

3
00:00:13,680 --> 00:00:19,880
Throughout the world, Chinese
industry and wealth are shifting
the balance of power.

4
00:00:19,880 --> 00:00:22,920
On this first stage of my journey,
I'll be crossing Africa,

5
00:00:22,920 --> 00:00:28,160
where a million Chinese people
are helping transform the continent.

6
00:00:28,160 --> 00:00:31,480
I'll be joining the legions
of construction workers from China

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00:00:31,480 --> 00:00:35,360
building vast new structures
across Africa.

8
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This is hard work.

9
00:00:37,200 --> 00:00:40,480
I'm travelling from
the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean

10
00:00:40,480 --> 00:00:43,880
to meet the pioneers
of this extraordinary migration.

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00:00:43,880 --> 00:00:46,640
THEY SING

12
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I'll be finding out from Africans
what they think about
the influx of Chinese.

13
00:00:51,240 --> 00:00:54,160
We have seen the way
they are treating Zambians.

14
00:00:54,160 --> 00:00:57,000
And I'll be hearing some tall tales.

15
00:00:57,000 --> 00:01:01,240
You're telling me the Chinese are
selling inflatable chickens? Yes.

16
00:01:01,240 --> 00:01:08,040
'I'll be investigating allegations
of human rights abuses in one of the
world's most dangerous countries.'

17
00:01:08,040 --> 00:01:10,280
Why do you not employ...
Please, no filming!

18
00:01:10,280 --> 00:01:15,640
And asking just how the rise
of China is changing Africa.

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00:01:17,160 --> 00:01:20,640
What will it mean
for the rest of the world?

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The port of Luanda
in the capital of Angola
is one of the busiest in Africa.

21
00:01:40,320 --> 00:01:45,320
'Cruising round the harbour,
the Chinese influence
strikes you straight away.

22
00:01:49,000 --> 00:01:54,120
'These Chinese sailors offered
to share their lunch.'

23
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Oh, wow, so this is... this is
steamed bread? Oh, delicious.

24
00:02:02,360 --> 00:02:05,200
Yeah, it's lovely. It's delicious.

25
00:02:10,080 --> 00:02:11,880
No, it's nice, it's very nice.

26
00:02:16,080 --> 00:02:17,760
Have you tried the African food?

27
00:02:19,320 --> 00:02:21,720
You've not tried the African?
So you...

28
00:02:24,000 --> 00:02:26,840
The food is delicious,
really delicious.

29
00:02:26,840 --> 00:02:27,920
Look at this!

30
00:02:27,920 --> 00:02:31,800
'This Chinese barge crew
weren't just visiting.

31
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'They've been living in Angola
for the past 18 months.'

32
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What do you think of the food?

33
00:02:37,200 --> 00:02:42,600
'But their cooking wasn't yet
very popular with the locals.'

34
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What is this? This is Chinese bread.
It's good, take some. No?

35
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He doesn't want to try it.

36
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'The port's commercial director,
Domingos Fortes, was more impressed
with the Chinese attitude.'

37
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How hard do the Chinese people
here work?

38
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Er, they are, they work very hard.

39
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Really? I can assure you that they
work 24 running hours, all the time.

40
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Do Angolans work as hard
as Chinese people?

41
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Not!

42
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THEY LAUGH

43
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But we are.. but also we are,
we are following...

44
00:03:17,480 --> 00:03:20,480
Yeah. The same steps, yeah,
step by step.

45
00:03:20,480 --> 00:03:26,920
'The Chinese crew were unloading
a Chinese ship laden with
goods from China.

46
00:03:26,920 --> 00:03:33,880
'What I was witnessing was
just part of an explosion of trade
between China and Africa.

47
00:03:33,880 --> 00:03:40,880
'It's grown tenfold in
the last decade and last year,
it was worth over 100 billion.'

48
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In another part of the harbour,
I spotted a clue to the driving
force behind all this trade.

49
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An oil tanker.

50
00:03:53,160 --> 00:03:57,000
'Angola has vast oil reserves
and is now China's largest supplier,

51
00:03:57,000 --> 00:04:01,800
'shipping a million barrels
of the stuff every single day.

52
00:04:01,800 --> 00:04:05,480
'And that brings Chinese companies
and their workers flooding here.'

53
00:04:05,480 --> 00:04:08,880
What is this ship bringing
into Angola?

54
00:04:08,880 --> 00:04:14,200
Cement, 44,000. 44,000 tons?
That's like...

55
00:04:14,200 --> 00:04:18,040
enough cement to build one of
these high-rise buildings?

56
00:04:18,040 --> 00:04:22,880
But it's not enough. It's not
enough for Angola? You want more!
We need more, more, more.

57
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There are tens of thousands of
Chinese construction workers
in Angola.

58
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There are 600 on this site alone.

59
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Now, the Chinese construction worker
is legendary

60
00:04:41,960 --> 00:04:46,720
for his capacity for hard work,
as I'm about to discover.

61
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Because they've invited me to join
them for the day. So, er, here goes.

62
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What about me, guys?
Have you got a job for me?

63
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'Lao Bao, one of the site foremen
for the Nantong Sijian
Construction Group,

64
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'offered to show me the ropes.'

65
00:05:05,800 --> 00:05:08,920
So, Mr Bao, what can I expect today?

66
00:05:08,920 --> 00:05:13,160
TRANSLATION: You must turn up
to work on time and persevere,

67
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finishing all your tasks.

68
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When you rest, you rest, but when
you are working, you must work hard.

69
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How about that? Keep on hitting?

70
00:05:35,200 --> 00:05:37,120
OK, what next?

71
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This place is going to be
a huge supermarket, there's going
to be a cinema, a spa area.

72
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It's cost hundreds and hundreds
of millions of dollars.

73
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And I'm helping build it.

74
00:05:55,960 --> 00:06:02,080
When it's finished,
this will be one of the biggest
shopping centres in Africa.

75
00:06:02,080 --> 00:06:07,240
It's just one of hundreds, probably
thousands, of buildings in Angola

76
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being built by Chinese
construction companies.

77
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The lunch break gives the workers
a chance to get in touch with home.

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Lao Bao has been in Angola
for two years.

79
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Each month he sends money home
to his wife, over 7,000 miles
away in Eastern China.

80
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Xiao Bao came with his father
to work in Africa.

81
00:06:50,680 --> 00:06:53,280
The wages here are twice
what they'd get in China.

82
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But the workers pay a high price.

83
00:06:55,360 --> 00:06:59,000
So far from home,
the men feel very isolated.

84
00:06:59,000 --> 00:07:03,880
TRANSLATION: Normally, we only get
to leave the site once a month.

85
00:07:03,880 --> 00:07:07,440
We don't have any local friends
because we don't speak
the same language.

86
00:07:07,440 --> 00:07:11,800
'Xiao Bao's wife comes on the line.'

87
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Hello, Tau Chu Fang,
hello from the BBC in Angola.

88
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Hello.

89
00:07:16,560 --> 00:07:18,200
Oh, she speaks some English?

90
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What is it like having a husband
working all the way away in Africa?

91
00:07:29,680 --> 00:07:31,200
Aww!

92
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'After lunch, Lao Bao drove me
relentlessly on.

93
00:07:39,600 --> 00:07:44,960
'The vast majority of the workers
on these Chinese construction sites
are brought in from China

94
00:07:44,960 --> 00:07:48,440
'because of their reputation
for speed and efficiency.'

95
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Spin it round?

96
00:07:51,200 --> 00:07:54,160
'I didn't see many Angolans
working here.'

97
00:07:57,120 --> 00:08:00,000
Oh! This is hard work.

98
00:08:08,240 --> 00:08:14,280
The £20 a day these Chinese men earn
would represent a huge wage
for local workers.

99
00:08:14,280 --> 00:08:19,080
But instead, that money
gets sent back to China.

100
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What's the food like here, Mr Bao?

101
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TRANSLATION: It's really good.
It's like in China, we eat rice.

102
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So here's the crucial question.
Will you give me a job?

103
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TRANSLATION: Given your performance
today, you're OK.

104
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You can work here.

105
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I've got the job!

106
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He seems a little bit reluctant,
but he says, apparently,
that I can have a job if I want.

107
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But I've only done a few hours'
work and I've actually got
blisters on my fingers.

108
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These hands aren't used
to hard work.

109
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Thank you very much indeed.
It's been a really good day.

110
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The oil bonanza and the Chinese
building projects make Luanda
feel like a boom town.

111
00:09:06,880 --> 00:09:09,720
But unemployment among
the locals is still high.

112
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Even so, nearly all
the Angolans I met here

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felt that the Chinese influx was
a positive thing for the country.

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And Chinese influence isn't
restricted to the major cities,
as I was about to discover.

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TRAIN HORN BLARES

116
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TRAIN HORN BLARES

117
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'It was time to head inland on
the next leg of my Chinese odyssey
across the continent.'

118
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It's six in the morning and we've
got an exciting day ahead of us.

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Today we're travelling on one of 
the great railways of Africa.

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This, the Benguela railway,
stretches right into
the heart of the continent.

121
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'Once aboard,
I was in for a surprise.'

122
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Look at this incredible carriage
that the railway company
have laid on for us.

123
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Part of the original rolling stock,
British rolling stock.

124
00:10:17,440 --> 00:10:23,040
Because this railway was built by
the British, they brought in labour
from across the empire, from Africa

125
00:10:23,040 --> 00:10:26,800
and India, to build this incredible
construction, all the way up

126
00:10:26,800 --> 00:10:30,560
to the valuable copper belts
in the centre of Africa.

127
00:10:30,560 --> 00:10:34,760
And now the Chinese are helping
to reconstruct it.

128
00:10:34,760 --> 00:10:41,000
'The grandly-named China Railway
Bureau Group Number 20
has been renovating this line,

129
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'which will eventually stretch from
the Atlantic coast 840 miles inland.

130
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'It was time to abandon the luxury
of first class and head down
to join the other passengers.'

131
00:10:58,760 --> 00:11:02,080
Wow, it really is a different
world down here, isn't it?

132
00:11:02,080 --> 00:11:04,480
And there are hundreds of people
on the train,

133
00:11:04,480 --> 00:11:09,160
basically small businesspeople
travelling up and down the line,
doing a bit of business,

134
00:11:09,160 --> 00:11:14,800
selling a bit of oil, fish,
tomatoes, charcoal, whatever they've
got, trying to make a living.

135
00:11:17,360 --> 00:11:24,200
'And the renovated railway seemed
to be generating some very
vigorous trade.'

136
00:11:24,200 --> 00:11:28,200
SHOUTING AND CLAMOURING

137
00:11:30,880 --> 00:11:32,680
Look how busy business is!

138
00:11:32,680 --> 00:11:37,400
They seem to be selling onions,
but they're also selling sea salt,

139
00:11:37,400 --> 00:11:41,600
which, up here in the mountains,
is really valuable.

140
00:11:51,880 --> 00:11:57,040
'The locals seem to have no doubt
about the value of the work the
Chinese are doing on the railway.'

141
00:11:58,840 --> 00:12:02,920
You're pleased with them? You thank
them for the work they've done?

142
00:12:05,120 --> 00:12:06,920
Are you making a bit more money now?

143
00:12:15,440 --> 00:12:16,800
What a train!

144
00:12:18,760 --> 00:12:24,840
'The renovation of this railway is
directly linked to the oil I saw
being shipped out of Luanda harbour.

145
00:12:26,920 --> 00:12:33,040
'In return for the oil, China
provides billions of dollars of
loans and cheap finance to Angola.

146
00:12:33,040 --> 00:12:38,120
'Some of that money is then spent on
infrastructure projects like this,

147
00:12:38,120 --> 00:12:44,040
'carried out by Chinese companies,
mostly with Chinese workers.

148
00:12:44,040 --> 00:12:50,000
'Some 100 miles inland
from the Atlantic,
we pulled into the town of Cubal.'

149
00:12:54,840 --> 00:13:00,480
This is where the train stops, this
is effectively the end of the line. 
They're doing repairs further on up,

150
00:13:00,480 --> 00:13:04,280
so it doesn't go any further.

151
00:13:04,280 --> 00:13:10,280
'Unlike the private construction
company that welcomed me in Luanda,
the railway project is being run

152
00:13:10,280 --> 00:13:11,880
'by a Chinese state company.

153
00:13:11,880 --> 00:13:17,640
'And the Chinese state can be
sensitive about how its increasing
involvement in Africa is perceived.'

154
00:13:17,640 --> 00:13:21,520
These tracks were laid by
a Chinese company and we'd love

155
00:13:21,520 --> 00:13:24,840
to talk to them about the work
they've been doing here in Angola.

156
00:13:24,840 --> 00:13:30,240
But they won't give us an interview,
and it's a similar pattern with lots
of other Chinese companies.

157
00:13:30,240 --> 00:13:34,360
Although they're doing good work
here, they don't seem
to want to talk about it.

158
00:13:34,360 --> 00:13:42,200
The incredible thing is this
excellent new line stretches miles
up here, all the way up to Huambo.

159
00:13:48,240 --> 00:13:54,080
'Perhaps it's because some critics
have seen these kind of deals
as one-sided in favour of China.

160
00:13:54,080 --> 00:13:56,880
'Yes, the Angolans get
a refurbished railway,

161
00:13:56,880 --> 00:14:01,560
'but the Chinese get the oil and the
lucrative construction contracts.

162
00:14:07,080 --> 00:14:11,040
'The Chinese have a saying. 
"To end poverty, build a road."

163
00:14:11,040 --> 00:14:15,240
'The next section of railway
is still work in progress.'

164
00:14:15,240 --> 00:14:21,240
So instead, I took one of
the thousands of roads the Chinese
have built across Africa.

165
00:14:30,320 --> 00:14:32,880
I was heading to Huambo.

166
00:14:34,760 --> 00:14:37,640
Angola's second largest city
was once a colonial gem.

167
00:14:37,640 --> 00:14:41,360
But like much of the country,
Huambo was devastated

168
00:14:41,360 --> 00:14:46,240
by the 30-year civil war, 
which ended less than ten years ago.

169
00:14:48,760 --> 00:14:52,280
'Hundreds of thousands fled
intense battles here.

170
00:14:56,840 --> 00:15:04,080
'The city's railway yard, once
the largest in Africa, remains frozen
in time from the pre-civil war era.

171
00:15:10,200 --> 00:15:16,000
'For decades, Angola was
a forgotten, war-torn land,
desperately poor.

172
00:15:16,000 --> 00:15:20,920
'Now the oil boom and Chinese trade
are helping to fund reconstruction.

173
00:15:20,920 --> 00:15:24,360
ENGINE REVS

174
00:15:24,360 --> 00:15:31,320
'But giant construction projects
are only one part of the Chinese
involvement in Africa.'

175
00:15:31,320 --> 00:15:33,760
Whoa, how does it feel?

176
00:15:33,760 --> 00:15:36,040
Yeah, it's nice!

177
00:15:36,040 --> 00:15:42,920
'Ju Weijun is one of a small army
of Chinese entrepreneurs
setting up in Africa.

178
00:15:42,920 --> 00:15:49,320
'He left Qingdao in
North Eastern China in 2004
to seek his fortune in Africa.

179
00:15:49,320 --> 00:15:55,080
'Since then, he's built up a chain
of stores, selling everything
from shoes to motorcycles.'

180
00:15:55,080 --> 00:16:01,840
So, do your motorcycles,
do you think they help people
here in Angola?

181
00:16:01,840 --> 00:16:04,880
TRANSLATION: Yes, people
can generate work

182
00:16:04,880 --> 00:16:07,840
from these, inexpensive,
useful motorbikes.

183
00:16:07,840 --> 00:16:10,120
And increase their standard
of living.

184
00:16:13,640 --> 00:16:18,560
'Ju Weijun's pioneering spirit
is truly remarkable.

185
00:16:18,560 --> 00:16:24,000
'He arrived here just
two years after the end
of the brutal civil war.'

186
00:16:30,440 --> 00:16:34,120
Wow, these places
are so badly damaged.

187
00:16:34,120 --> 00:16:37,560
TRANSLATION: Yes, this is what's left
of a building after the war.

188
00:16:37,560 --> 00:16:42,320
The whole place was like this
following the war. Just look
at the damage.

189
00:16:42,320 --> 00:16:46,440
The shell marks up there.
God, it's terrible. Must have been
appalling fighting here.

190
00:16:46,440 --> 00:16:50,920
'He believes that some Western
companies are still too scared
to do business here.

191
00:16:50,920 --> 00:16:57,080
TRANSLATION: In Angola, there are
loads of opportunities.

192
00:16:57,080 --> 00:17:01,600
But a lot of Western countries
and established companies

193
00:17:01,600 --> 00:17:05,000
have to carry out lots
of risk assessments.

194
00:17:08,640 --> 00:17:11,400
And only if they pass these
can they invest here.

195
00:17:13,000 --> 00:17:17,120
It's not so complicated for Chinese
people, we're more flexible.

196
00:17:22,480 --> 00:17:27,640
'For Ju Weijun, that meant leaving
his young family behind in China.'

197
00:17:29,320 --> 00:17:33,640
TRANSLATION: I wanted to have
a challenge in life. I wanted to go
abroad and see the world.

198
00:17:33,640 --> 00:17:38,720
I think my business is really
significant, for two reasons.

199
00:17:41,960 --> 00:17:47,120
Chinese people get work
and can feed their families
through exports to Angola.

200
00:17:50,120 --> 00:17:54,760
Whilst Angolans get jobs
and products they need.

201
00:17:54,760 --> 00:17:58,240
This is more meaningful
than me just making money.

202
00:18:02,160 --> 00:18:06,440
'Ju Weijun is one of more than
a million Chinese now thought
to live in Africa.

203
00:18:06,440 --> 00:18:11,760
'It's a phenomenon that could have
a major impact on the future
of this continent.

204
00:18:11,760 --> 00:18:15,560
'Angolans have welcomed
Chinese roads and railways,

205
00:18:15,560 --> 00:18:20,720
'but in some African countries,
the Chinese presence
is more controversial.'

206
00:18:23,440 --> 00:18:25,880
I was heading for
neighbouring Zambia

207
00:18:25,880 --> 00:18:28,960
and one of the most 
spectacular views imaginable.

208
00:18:43,960 --> 00:18:46,000
This is incredible!

209
00:18:46,000 --> 00:18:50,960
What a privilege, flying over one of
the greatest sights in the world,

210
00:18:50,960 --> 00:18:54,160
the mighty Victoria Falls.

211
00:19:00,840 --> 00:19:04,360
'Tourism is one of Zambia's
most important industries.

212
00:19:04,360 --> 00:19:06,560
'The country has fantastic scenery,

213
00:19:06,560 --> 00:19:10,080
'great weather
and of course, animals.

214
00:19:20,360 --> 00:19:27,360
'Cruising up the Zambezi,
I met a couple who represent part
of this tourism boom.'

215
00:19:27,360 --> 00:19:33,520
How common is it for Chinese people
to travel to places like Africa,
to come abroad?

216
00:19:33,520 --> 00:19:35,920
I think much more than before.

217
00:19:35,920 --> 00:19:42,440
It's maybe not very common, but more
people come out to see the world.

218
00:19:42,440 --> 00:19:44,440
And why is that?

219
00:19:44,440 --> 00:19:49,120
Maybe the people get rich,
and also get more information,

220
00:19:49,120 --> 00:19:52,920
the different culture
from another country.

221
00:19:52,920 --> 00:19:55,720
Maybe some different friends.

222
00:19:55,720 --> 00:20:01,440
And what did your family think?
Were they worried you might
be eaten by a lion? No, no, no.

223
00:20:01,440 --> 00:20:05,320
Or a crocodile?
Yes, but I'm so far away from them!

224
00:20:09,400 --> 00:20:13,640
'The Chinese make up one of
the fastest growing tourist sectors

225
00:20:13,640 --> 00:20:19,040
'globally, and will be increasingly
important to countries like Zambia.

226
00:20:19,040 --> 00:20:23,360
'But there are aspects of Chinese
culture that represent a threat

227
00:20:23,360 --> 00:20:27,680
'to the very wildlife
the tourists come to see.

228
00:20:37,680 --> 00:20:43,800
'Back on dry land,
I had an appointment with
Zambian Wildlife Authority rangers

229
00:20:43,800 --> 00:20:48,480
'in the world's fifth largest
national park, Kafue.'

230
00:20:55,080 --> 00:21:00,480
I think he's seen some elephant,
behind this clump of trees here.

231
00:21:00,480 --> 00:21:04,160
We're just going to move in and see
if we can get a bit closer,

232
00:21:04,160 --> 00:21:11,200
but the elephant in this park are
quite nervous, so they don't like
people. They tend to run away.

233
00:21:14,080 --> 00:21:15,800
(Wilfred!)

234
00:21:15,800 --> 00:21:17,680
(How many elephants are there?)

235
00:21:17,680 --> 00:21:22,480
Er, there's a herd of approximately
17 elephants.

236
00:21:22,480 --> 00:21:24,200
Look, some babies, yeah...

237
00:21:24,200 --> 00:21:27,640
A number of babies, you know.
It's a nursery herd,

238
00:21:27,640 --> 00:21:31,160
which, you know,
mostly they're in family units

239
00:21:31,160 --> 00:21:35,480
of just a matriarch, sisters,
and their young ones.

240
00:21:37,440 --> 00:21:40,040
'In the last five years
across Africa,

241
00:21:40,040 --> 00:21:44,480
'increasing numbers of elephants
have been killed for their ivory.

242
00:21:44,480 --> 00:21:46,960
'No wonder this herd
seemed so nervous.

243
00:21:49,920 --> 00:21:52,680
'The international trade
in ivory is illegal,

244
00:21:52,680 --> 00:21:57,120
'but in recent years, the price
of ivory on the black market
has been soaring.

245
00:22:00,760 --> 00:22:03,440
'Elephants in Zambia
have not suffered as badly

246
00:22:03,440 --> 00:22:06,480
'as neighbouring countries,
but they're still at risk.'

247
00:22:07,960 --> 00:22:09,720
So what's so special about ivory?

248
00:22:09,720 --> 00:22:12,960
Yeah, what these guys do
is they get the ivory

249
00:22:12,960 --> 00:22:16,000
and then they chop it into pieces,
and after doing that,

250
00:22:16,000 --> 00:22:19,200
they actually make, you know,
various articles from it.

251
00:22:19,200 --> 00:22:22,280
As you can see now, we've got
these also. This is a tusk.

252
00:22:22,280 --> 00:22:25,560
You kill an elephant just to go
and carve an elephant,

253
00:22:25,560 --> 00:22:31,360
you want to look at these elephants
and not the actual elephant,
so this is really bad.

254
00:22:31,360 --> 00:22:35,760
You can also see some other things
that we have. These...

255
00:22:35,760 --> 00:22:40,280
..Are chopsticks. Chopsticks. 
Which markets do you think
these chopsticks would go to?

256
00:22:40,280 --> 00:22:42,880
Probably China.

257
00:22:42,880 --> 00:22:47,360
This is called a hanko,
and the Chinese actually use this

258
00:22:47,360 --> 00:22:51,520
to make signatures, you know,
as a stamp. Oh, it's a stamp.

259
00:22:51,520 --> 00:22:55,400
So this would be exported to China
and then they'd carve it in China?

260
00:22:55,400 --> 00:23:00,640
Yeah. The major buyers of
these things come from the Far East.

261
00:23:06,040 --> 00:23:11,000
We've come to a wonderful place.
We've come to an elephant orphanage.

262
00:23:11,000 --> 00:23:12,560
It's run by Sport here.

263
00:23:12,560 --> 00:23:17,960
Now, what it does is it takes baby
elephants whose mothers have been
killed or injured in the bush

264
00:23:17,960 --> 00:23:20,960
and it brings them here
and you nurture them back to health

265
00:23:20,960 --> 00:23:24,520
and hopefully, as they get older,
you release them back into the wild.

266
00:23:24,520 --> 00:23:28,840
That's the plan, Justin, yes.
And here they are. Look at them -
what lovely creatures.

267
00:23:28,840 --> 00:23:32,600
God, they're quite big for babies!
Yeah. Just sit quietly. Aah!

268
00:23:34,520 --> 00:23:36,800
Oh, they are lovely.

269
00:23:40,400 --> 00:23:44,800
'Three of the orphans here
lost their parents
at the hands of poachers.

270
00:23:48,440 --> 00:23:53,160
'The youngest elephant, Rufunsa,
needs to be bottle-fed milk
every three hours.'

271
00:23:53,160 --> 00:23:56,040
He's still a suckler. 
Oh, is he? Oh, look at him!

272
00:23:56,040 --> 00:23:59,040
He's only about five or six months
old. Oh, he's starving.

273
00:23:59,040 --> 00:24:03,600
He's very hungry. Take that. There's
little breather hole there which...
So what do I do? 

274
00:24:03,600 --> 00:24:08,040
Just put it in his mouth there. 
Oh, he's ready for it.
And hold it quite tight, yeah.

275
00:24:08,040 --> 00:24:11,680
He's quite, he's quite... pushy!
Come on. There you go, Rufunsa.

276
00:24:11,680 --> 00:24:16,360
Once he gets it... Push it a bit.
Oh, how cute is he?

277
00:24:16,360 --> 00:24:19,840
So how old is he? We estimate about
five to six months old. Right.

278
00:24:19,840 --> 00:24:24,560
He and his herd swam across
from Zambia to Mozambique

279
00:24:24,560 --> 00:24:27,760
and the mother got stuck in some mud
and she was poached there.

280
00:24:27,760 --> 00:24:29,640
She was poached? Yeah, she was shot.

281
00:24:36,680 --> 00:24:42,680
So this is kind of elephant heaven?
Yeah. This is as good as it gets,
on a hot day like this.

282
00:24:42,680 --> 00:24:46,280
So how vulnerable are
these elephants to poaching?

283
00:24:46,280 --> 00:24:49,480
We do provide the elephants
with protection.

284
00:24:49,480 --> 00:24:52,440
But you can have the best
anti-poaching team in the world

285
00:24:52,440 --> 00:24:56,640
but there'll always be
that threat from poaching,
so long as that demand is there.

286
00:24:56,640 --> 00:25:01,240
'The Chinese authorities take a
hard line against the ivory trade,

287
00:25:01,240 --> 00:25:04,480
'but ivory goods remain popular
in the Far East.

288
00:25:04,480 --> 00:25:08,200
'Chinese demand for other wildlife
products, including rhino horn

289
00:25:08,200 --> 00:25:12,760
'and tiger parts, threaten other
species around the world.

290
00:25:12,760 --> 00:25:18,520
'Unable to stem the demand,
Sport Beattie is working with
the Zambian Wildlife Authority

291
00:25:18,520 --> 00:25:24,360
'to involve local communities
in the protection of the elephants,
to stop the poaching at source.'

292
00:25:24,360 --> 00:25:26,720
The fact that these elephants
are here shows

293
00:25:26,720 --> 00:25:30,800
there is still a threat,
despite the best efforts of
the Zambian authorities,

294
00:25:30,800 --> 00:25:35,920
from poachers, and let's just hope
that when these animals
are released back into the wild,

295
00:25:35,920 --> 00:25:40,360
they manage to survive.
Beautiful things, really incredible.

296
00:25:40,360 --> 00:25:41,880
Hello!

297
00:25:52,400 --> 00:25:54,960
Woo-hoo!

298
00:25:54,960 --> 00:25:58,280
'To the south of Kafue National Park
lies a country

299
00:25:58,280 --> 00:26:02,320
'where the Chinese presence
has been highly controversial.

300
00:26:05,000 --> 00:26:08,720
'Across the Zambezi river
is Zimbabwe.

301
00:26:08,720 --> 00:26:13,520
'The country has been ruled
for 30 years by Robert Mugabe.

302
00:26:15,040 --> 00:26:22,240
'Western governments have imposed
sanctions because of the regime's
terrible record on human rights.

303
00:26:22,240 --> 00:26:29,040
'China has been a supporter of
Zimbabwe's embattled president
on the international stage.'

304
00:26:29,040 --> 00:26:33,320
This is as close to Zimbabwe
as we can get.

305
00:26:33,320 --> 00:26:37,160
We'd hoped to see for ourselves
what China is doing in the country,

306
00:26:37,160 --> 00:26:41,000
but the Zimbabwean Government
told us we're not welcome.

307
00:26:44,240 --> 00:26:47,880
'The Chinese Government opposes
sanctions and says it has

308
00:26:47,880 --> 00:26:52,680
'a policy of not interfering in the
internal affairs of African nations.

309
00:26:52,680 --> 00:26:56,920
'This has caused conflict
with Western governments 
opposed to Mugabe.

310
00:27:03,440 --> 00:27:09,720
'Thousands of President Mugabe's
opponents have suffered political
repression, beatings and killings.

311
00:27:11,920 --> 00:27:17,080
'I met two men who fled Zimbabwe,
fearing for their lives.

312
00:27:17,080 --> 00:27:22,280
'They agreed to speak, so long as
their identities were protected.'

313
00:27:22,280 --> 00:27:27,800
How important do you think
the support of countries like China
for the Mugabe regime has been?

314
00:27:37,160 --> 00:27:41,480
The Chinese say, "Listen, you know,
it's not for us to judge

315
00:27:41,480 --> 00:27:44,680
"the way other countries run
their own internal affairs.

316
00:27:44,680 --> 00:27:46,400
"Why should we get involved?"

317
00:27:59,640 --> 00:28:03,480
'With its own distinctly
dubious record,

318
00:28:03,480 --> 00:28:08,440
'the Chinese Government is hardly
likely to fight for human rights
in Africa.

319
00:28:08,440 --> 00:28:15,080
'And some of the continent's worst
rulers have found in China
a convenient political ally.

320
00:28:15,080 --> 00:28:21,280
'But Western governments also do
business with despotic regimes
when it suits their interests.

321
00:28:25,200 --> 00:28:29,040
'Zambia is a peaceful,
democratic country.

322
00:28:29,040 --> 00:28:32,320
'Lusaka is its capital.

323
00:28:35,920 --> 00:28:42,000
'Just as in Angola,
the Chinese community has been
growing quickly here in Zambia.

324
00:28:42,000 --> 00:28:45,600
'Most of the Angolans I'd met
seemed to welcome the Chinese.

325
00:28:45,600 --> 00:28:49,720
'I'd heard that it was a bit
different here in Zambia.

326
00:28:49,720 --> 00:28:54,680
'Chinese influence extends deep
into Zambian society.

327
00:28:54,680 --> 00:28:58,960
'Right down to the food
on Zambian dinner plates.'

328
00:28:58,960 --> 00:29:04,520
Now, they say you have
to wake up early in business
to beat the Chinese.

329
00:29:04,520 --> 00:29:07,880
And that's certainly true here
at Lusaka Market,

330
00:29:07,880 --> 00:29:13,080
because the Chinese chicken farmers
have been here since one o'clock
in the morning.

331
00:29:19,440 --> 00:29:22,720
Hello, sir. Hello, sir.
How are you this morning?

332
00:29:22,720 --> 00:29:29,720
'In the middle of the market,
I met Pan Wei Zhi, one of dozens
of Chinese chicken sellers.'

333
00:29:29,720 --> 00:29:33,920
TRANSLATION: Most of the chicken
traders are Chinese,

334
00:29:33,920 --> 00:29:38,200
but probably in the future,
there will be more Zambians
selling chickens here.

335
00:29:40,240 --> 00:29:43,000
When that happens,
we'll change trades.

336
00:29:43,000 --> 00:29:45,400
That'll be fine.

337
00:29:49,800 --> 00:29:51,840
But the crucial thing is,
is it a tasty chicken?

338
00:29:51,840 --> 00:29:54,200
Does this chicken taste good?

339
00:29:54,200 --> 00:29:57,400
TRANSLATION:
It's delicious. It's quite tender.

340
00:29:57,400 --> 00:30:02,200
If you stir-fry it for around
ten minutes it'll be really good.

341
00:30:02,200 --> 00:30:04,000
It's very tender.

342
00:30:07,600 --> 00:30:13,120
Pan Wei Zhi invited me out
to his chicken farm on the
outskirts of Lusaka.

343
00:30:13,120 --> 00:30:17,280
His pens were filled with
thousands of chickens.

344
00:30:17,280 --> 00:30:22,200
He and his wife, Fang Fa Qiang,
travelled 7,000 miles to Africa

345
00:30:22,200 --> 00:30:27,040
because they'd heard it was easier
to do business here than in China.

346
00:30:29,840 --> 00:30:36,760
I was making household furniture
but I didn't have large amounts
of money so I had difficulties.

347
00:30:39,080 --> 00:30:43,400
In China there are also
lots of opportunities,

348
00:30:43,400 --> 00:30:45,760
but the competition is fierce.

349
00:30:49,560 --> 00:30:56,080
TRANSLATION:
I like it here. At my age in China,
I can't do any serious work.

350
00:30:56,080 --> 00:30:58,040
But here, I don't feel old.

351
00:30:58,040 --> 00:31:00,040
I can still do something.

352
00:31:00,040 --> 00:31:03,520
So what has changed in China
that means that people like you

353
00:31:03,520 --> 00:31:07,480
are now coming out and setting
up businesses around the world?

354
00:31:09,200 --> 00:31:16,880
We're richer and more powerful than
before, so Chinese people now feel
safe and relaxed to go overseas.

355
00:31:16,880 --> 00:31:23,600
When I was younger, Chinese people
abroad were bullied by foreigners
so people didn't go overseas much,

356
00:31:23,600 --> 00:31:26,160
but now that doesn't happen.

357
00:31:28,400 --> 00:31:34,240
In the future, it's certain
that more and more Chinese
people will go abroad.

358
00:31:38,880 --> 00:31:43,080
The couple employ a small
group of Zambians on the farm,

359
00:31:43,080 --> 00:31:47,600
who each get paid
around £40 a month.

360
00:31:49,440 --> 00:31:53,960
After working with some
Zambians for a while, we've
started to feel for each other.

361
00:31:53,960 --> 00:31:57,600
They've become more
responsible employees.

362
00:31:57,600 --> 00:32:02,160
They've got some habits,
like drinking alcohol.

363
00:32:02,160 --> 00:32:04,480
Too much.

364
00:32:04,480 --> 00:32:08,440
I say to them, don't drink - it's
bad for your liver and your health.

365
00:32:08,440 --> 00:32:12,400
The morning after, they get up, they
don't know if it's day or night.

366
00:32:12,400 --> 00:32:16,720
We feel really angry.
How can you drink so much
when you're coming to work?

367
00:32:16,720 --> 00:32:20,440
But if we teach them,
they do listen to us.

368
00:32:20,440 --> 00:32:23,400
Do you find it difficult
to work for a Chinese boss?

369
00:32:23,400 --> 00:32:29,440
It's easy to work for him, to help
him to do better in his business.

370
00:32:29,440 --> 00:32:33,240
So you feel as if you're part
of a team? You're working together?

371
00:32:33,240 --> 00:32:36,280
Yeah. We work together in a team.

372
00:32:36,280 --> 00:32:40,880
'I wasn't sure how free these men
felt talking in front of their boss

373
00:32:40,880 --> 00:32:45,480
'but it was clear that this
chicken farm was providing
some jobs for Zambians.

374
00:32:45,480 --> 00:32:51,800
'But I'd heard that many
Zambian chicken traders
resented the Chinese competition.'

375
00:32:51,800 --> 00:32:54,360
Can you understand why some
Zambians are quite angry?

376
00:32:54,360 --> 00:32:58,480
They say, why has a Chinese man come
halfway around the world

377
00:32:58,480 --> 00:33:01,120
to set up a chicken farm in
competition with Zambians?

378
00:33:01,120 --> 00:33:05,160
More competition will spur them on
to be more competitive.

379
00:33:05,160 --> 00:33:07,640
Chinese goods are cheap.

380
00:33:07,640 --> 00:33:12,880
People say it's because they're
cheap that a lot of factories
and businesses have closed.

381
00:33:12,880 --> 00:33:18,600
It's a problem faced by America
and a lot of other developed
countries too, and it's unavoidable.

382
00:33:18,600 --> 00:33:21,600
But the Chinese also
bring many advantages.

383
00:33:27,720 --> 00:33:32,880
Back at the market, I tracked down
some of the Zambian chicken sellers.

384
00:33:32,880 --> 00:33:36,680
Jacob Mulenga showed me around.

385
00:33:36,680 --> 00:33:41,520
We are finding that all our
customers have bought the chicken
from the Chinese farmers.

386
00:33:41,520 --> 00:33:44,240
They get there first? Yeah.
They're in there too early?

387
00:33:44,240 --> 00:33:46,840
Yeah. And how much business
do you think you've lost here?

388
00:33:46,840 --> 00:33:51,720
Almost 99%. We have
just remained with only 1%.

389
00:33:53,240 --> 00:33:55,200
I have two chickens here.

390
00:33:55,200 --> 00:34:00,320
Show me. This is the chickens
which is kept by a Zambian farmer.

391
00:34:00,320 --> 00:34:06,160
I have a second chicken here, which
I bought from a Chinese farmer.

392
00:34:06,160 --> 00:34:10,080
As you can see, it's reddish. Yeah,
it's a little bit red.

393
00:34:10,080 --> 00:34:12,560
Yes, what about this one?
It's fine. This is strong.

394
00:34:12,560 --> 00:34:16,440
'Rumours were being put about
that the Chinese were doing

395
00:34:16,440 --> 00:34:20,280
'strange things to accelerate
the growth of their chickens.'

396
00:34:20,280 --> 00:34:24,080
Because this chicken is inflated,
OK? What do you mean, inflated?

397
00:34:24,080 --> 00:34:29,680
What I mean by inflated,
they push, they boost them,

398
00:34:29,680 --> 00:34:35,040
they put, actually, a lot of
stuffs which will make
their flesh to be looks bigger.

399
00:34:35,040 --> 00:34:37,600
Sort of swell up?
Yes, the bodies swell up.

400
00:34:37,600 --> 00:34:39,640
You're telling me the Chinese
are selling inflatable chickens?

401
00:34:39,640 --> 00:34:41,240
Yes, sir.

402
00:34:41,240 --> 00:34:43,720
Definitely. Aaaah!

403
00:34:47,040 --> 00:34:50,160
My chicken-handling skills
aren't good enough. This strong.

404
00:34:50,160 --> 00:34:54,360
I'll tell you what. This is strong.
It's a strong chicken!

405
00:34:54,360 --> 00:34:57,760
The only thing for it is the
taste test. We taste the difference.

406
00:34:57,760 --> 00:35:01,000
OK, we're going to
taste the difference.

407
00:35:01,000 --> 00:35:03,640
Between the two chickens.
Between these two chickens, OK.

408
00:35:03,640 --> 00:35:09,560
Between the Zambian,
good, big chickens, and the
bad-looking Chinese chickens.

409
00:35:09,560 --> 00:35:12,440
Not that Jacob is biased, of course.

410
00:35:15,320 --> 00:35:22,520
The two chickens made the
ultimate sacrifice to carry out
the taste test.

411
00:35:24,360 --> 00:35:27,120
But this is a serious issue.
These chicken sellers believe

412
00:35:27,120 --> 00:35:31,080
Chinese competition
is destroying local business.

413
00:35:31,080 --> 00:35:37,200
It's a worry for many Africans,
that indigenous industries will be
crushed by Chinese traders,

414
00:35:37,200 --> 00:35:42,560
harming weak local economies.
Whilst waiting to see if I could
"taste the difference",

415
00:35:42,560 --> 00:35:46,840
I chatted to Mildred,
one of Jacob's fellow traders.

416
00:35:46,840 --> 00:35:53,200
Are you surprised that people want
to come all the way from China
to be Zambian chicken farmers?

417
00:35:53,200 --> 00:35:58,600
Yes, I'm surprised, because China's
a big continent, holding big people.

418
00:35:58,600 --> 00:36:02,160
They are not supposed to come and
compete with us, with business here.

419
00:36:02,160 --> 00:36:04,520
They are supposed to
boost our economy.

420
00:36:04,520 --> 00:36:07,720
And what's happened
to you since the Chinese were here?

421
00:36:07,720 --> 00:36:09,840
What's happened to you personally?

422
00:36:09,840 --> 00:36:14,400
My business went low. I can't even
afford to look after my children.

423
00:36:14,400 --> 00:36:18,160
If they want to do small,
small, small businesses,

424
00:36:18,160 --> 00:36:25,000
let them go back to China
and do those small,
small businesses in China, not here.

425
00:36:25,000 --> 00:36:31,000
The Chinese chicken farmers may be
a threat to traders like Mildred
but other Zambians do benefit.

426
00:36:31,000 --> 00:36:38,000
Competition in chickens,
as in other goods, tends to mean
lower prices for consumers.

427
00:36:38,000 --> 00:36:42,680
We have two types of chickens in my
hand.

428
00:36:44,200 --> 00:36:46,000
The taste test begins.

429
00:36:46,000 --> 00:36:48,840
We're starting with
the Chinese chicken, OK?

430
00:36:48,840 --> 00:36:51,640
We'll take a bit. Oh, it's nice.

431
00:36:51,640 --> 00:36:54,280
It's crisp on the outside.
You've cooked it very nicely.

432
00:37:00,760 --> 00:37:02,320
It's quite tough.

433
00:37:02,320 --> 00:37:03,960
It's quite tough.

434
00:37:03,960 --> 00:37:06,520
Can you taste now the Zambian
chicken? I certainly can taste...

435
00:37:06,520 --> 00:37:11,000
Oh, now that feels a little bit more
tender to me. It does look whiter.

436
00:37:11,000 --> 00:37:13,240
OK. No, the taste.

437
00:37:13,240 --> 00:37:14,760
The taste test.

438
00:37:19,000 --> 00:37:22,160
Which one taste good
between the two now?

439
00:37:22,160 --> 00:37:23,880
Wait, wait!

440
00:37:23,880 --> 00:37:26,560
Now, I'm going
to be honest with you.

441
00:37:26,560 --> 00:37:29,120
OK. OK, I'm going to
be honest about this.

442
00:37:29,120 --> 00:37:32,200
We've done the taste test, now.

443
00:37:32,200 --> 00:37:34,480
The Zambian chicken tastes better.

444
00:37:34,480 --> 00:37:36,800
Better. Yay!

445
00:37:36,800 --> 00:37:43,200
OK, you are saying the Zambian
chicken tasted better.
What about the Chinese chicken?

446
00:37:43,200 --> 00:37:45,560
There is a problem.

447
00:37:45,560 --> 00:37:48,520
We should have gone to the Chinese
and said, give us your best chicken.

448
00:37:48,520 --> 00:37:53,480
OK. And we should have taken a good
Chinese chicken and obviously this
is a wonderful Zambian chicken -

449
00:37:53,480 --> 00:37:59,120
it's delicious - but I'm not sure
that you've been fair to the Chinese
chickens, that's my problem.

450
00:37:59,120 --> 00:38:02,000
So here we go.
Who wants to do the taste test?

451
00:38:02,000 --> 00:38:04,400
Who would like to do the taste test?

452
00:38:04,400 --> 00:38:07,560
'I was concerned for
Jacob and his fellow traders.

453
00:38:07,560 --> 00:38:12,440
'They didn't appear ready
to rise to the challenge
of the cheap Chinese chickens.'

454
00:38:12,440 --> 00:38:14,200
So who's had Zambian?

455
00:38:14,200 --> 00:38:16,400
Zambian chicken, there you go.

456
00:38:16,400 --> 00:38:20,640
But the real money in Zambia
isn't in chickens.

457
00:38:20,640 --> 00:38:24,680
It was time to head out of Lusaka,
200 miles north

458
00:38:24,680 --> 00:38:29,000
towards a region that has long been
coveted by foreign powers.

459
00:38:29,000 --> 00:38:33,520
Zambia, or Northern Rhodesia, as it
was known, was a British colony,

460
00:38:33,520 --> 00:38:37,680
and there's a good reason
that the British wanted to control
this place.

461
00:38:37,680 --> 00:38:41,440
Zambia is sitting on top
of an extraordinary resource -

462
00:38:41,440 --> 00:38:47,520
one of the largest seams of copper
in the world. It's hundreds
of kilometres wide in places,

463
00:38:47,520 --> 00:38:54,080
and there's reckoned to still be
hundreds of billions of dollars
worth of copper still in the ground.

464
00:38:56,560 --> 00:39:01,560
Here in Luanshya,
in the heart of the copper belt,

465
00:39:01,560 --> 00:39:04,720
a Chinese company
now owns the mine.

466
00:39:07,120 --> 00:39:10,520
This town and its mine
used to be run by the British

467
00:39:10,520 --> 00:39:17,440
and 46 years after independence,
their legacy is still apparent,
if you look closely enough.

468
00:39:25,160 --> 00:39:31,960
5,000 white people once lived and
worked here, taking advantage of the
splendid leisure facilities.

469
00:39:35,320 --> 00:39:38,080
A few, very few, stayed on.

470
00:39:41,480 --> 00:39:43,680
Oh, it's locked. It's locked.

471
00:39:43,680 --> 00:39:47,880
Reg and Win Hughes have lived
here for more than 50 years.

472
00:39:47,880 --> 00:39:52,600
They don't like what the
Chinese have done to the
facilities they used to enjoy.

473
00:39:52,600 --> 00:39:54,920
Did you have big events here?

474
00:39:54,920 --> 00:39:59,200
Oh, New Year's was
THE brilliant event

475
00:39:59,200 --> 00:40:04,160
and what was so wonderful about it is
there'd be a thousand people here.

476
00:40:04,160 --> 00:40:06,400
A thousand people right here,
coming to the ballroom? Yes.

477
00:40:06,400 --> 00:40:10,880
So Reg, what happened to this place
then? This was the ballroom.

478
00:40:10,880 --> 00:40:17,400
Well, recently, when the new owners
came in they decided to renovate,
they took the floor out,

479
00:40:17,400 --> 00:40:23,600
which was that beautiful, wooden
sprung floor, I don't know what's
happened to that, but what a waste.

480
00:40:23,600 --> 00:40:27,240
Who has done all this? The new
owners of the mine, the Chinese.

481
00:40:27,240 --> 00:40:33,040
And it looks like they've just turned
it into a badminton court
for their own use,

482
00:40:33,040 --> 00:40:36,880
because it's locked up,
nobody can come in here except them.

483
00:40:37,960 --> 00:40:41,560
It's actually quite well-preserved,
you know?

484
00:40:41,560 --> 00:40:43,760
Yes, not bad.

485
00:40:50,000 --> 00:40:55,160
And what kind of a life was it
growing up here, eh? Magic.

486
00:40:55,160 --> 00:40:58,400
Adventurous. Absolutely magic.
Unbelievable.

487
00:40:58,400 --> 00:41:03,200
No matter what sport, game you
wanted to play, it was there.

488
00:41:03,200 --> 00:41:06,480
And not only A facility,
a top facility.

489
00:41:09,160 --> 00:41:13,280
All the Chinese want is profit,
profit-orientated,

490
00:41:13,280 --> 00:41:20,360
take what they can
out of the country, out of the mine,
but put as little as possible back.

491
00:41:20,360 --> 00:41:25,040
But they'd say, hold on a second,
we're a mining company, we're not
here to run a social club.

492
00:41:25,040 --> 00:41:30,440
Well, I think it's important that
they do look after their employees,

493
00:41:30,440 --> 00:41:34,160
and of course there are the
Luanshya residents as well,

494
00:41:34,160 --> 00:41:39,480
who have in the past always
enjoyed the facilities of the mine.

495
00:41:42,640 --> 00:41:48,280
Everything's going to rack and ruin,
everything's dirty, full of litter,

496
00:41:48,280 --> 00:41:52,120
they don't even employ anybody to
pick up the litter.

497
00:41:55,000 --> 00:41:56,560
It's sad.

498
00:41:56,560 --> 00:41:58,280
Do you feel sad about it?

499
00:41:58,280 --> 00:42:00,480
Very sad.

500
00:42:00,480 --> 00:42:02,080
Very sad.

501
00:42:05,680 --> 00:42:10,120
The mine changed hands
several times after the British era
before closing down.

502
00:42:10,120 --> 00:42:15,480
In 2009,
it was taken over by the China
Non-Ferrous Metal Mining Group.

503
00:42:15,480 --> 00:42:21,640
But the presence of Chinese
mining companies in Zambia
has become a major political issue.

504
00:42:21,640 --> 00:42:27,000
At other mines, there have been
demonstrations about pay and
conditions and violent clashes.

505
00:42:28,520 --> 00:42:35,040
Recently 11 Zambian protesters
were shot by the Chinese managers
at a coal mine.

506
00:42:35,040 --> 00:42:37,320
SINGING

507
00:42:44,920 --> 00:42:48,200
We've come across this rally
right in the heart of Luanshya,

508
00:42:48,200 --> 00:42:51,400
these guys are supporters
of the Patriotic Front.

509
00:42:51,400 --> 00:42:56,920
In the past, it's been very vocal
about the Chinese involvement here
in Zambia,

510
00:42:56,920 --> 00:43:00,760
lots of local miners are members
of the Patriotic Front.

511
00:43:08,080 --> 00:43:12,480
'People here are worried about pay
and conditions at Chinese mines.'

512
00:43:12,480 --> 00:43:16,200
Everyone here worked down
the mine, is that right? Yes.

513
00:43:16,200 --> 00:43:19,120
Everyone here worked in the mine?

514
00:43:19,120 --> 00:43:24,160
The fact is, though, the mine was
closed and now it's open, that's
got to be a good thing, hasn't it?

515
00:43:24,160 --> 00:43:27,240
It doesn't matter, the mine was
closed, they've opened the mine,

516
00:43:27,240 --> 00:43:34,240
we have seen the way they are
treating Zambians, that's why I
say the Chinese are useless in this.

517
00:43:34,240 --> 00:43:39,160
But every tonne of copper that is
exported, the Chinese pay tax on -

518
00:43:39,160 --> 00:43:42,680
that's a huge contribution
to the Zambian economy.

519
00:43:42,680 --> 00:43:46,640
No, no, it doesn't matter,
but they're creating jobs in China,

520
00:43:46,640 --> 00:43:50,040
even if they are paying tax
to Zambian government.

521
00:43:50,040 --> 00:43:54,000
They have to create employment
for Zambians.

522
00:43:54,000 --> 00:43:59,520
How can we have Chinese coming
from China driving a dumper truck?

523
00:43:59,520 --> 00:44:05,240
Are you telling me there are
no Zambians who can drive a
fork-lift or a dumper truck?

524
00:44:05,240 --> 00:44:09,120
Is this good treatment?
Is this, what we say, investment?

525
00:44:09,120 --> 00:44:13,360
'The Chinese issue
is a political hot potato here.

526
00:44:13,360 --> 00:44:18,440
'Mining accounts
for half the economy of Zambia
and the Chinese are major players.

527
00:44:18,440 --> 00:44:22,040
'The Chinese company running
Luanshya's mine has so far invested

528
00:44:22,040 --> 00:44:28,880
'1.4 billion in Zambia and created
more than 6,500 jobs for locals.'

529
00:44:32,800 --> 00:44:37,360
This is a bit of a spot isn't it,
eh? Beautiful spot, beautiful view.

530
00:44:37,360 --> 00:44:40,360
This is one of our favourite
spots for a sundowner. A sundowner?

531
00:44:40,360 --> 00:44:42,680
HE OPENS CAN

532
00:44:42,680 --> 00:44:45,520
Just fill it with vodka.
THEY LAUGH

533
00:44:47,440 --> 00:44:51,560
We did ask if we could go in
and visit the mine, but
the Chinese owners said

534
00:44:51,560 --> 00:44:56,760
they were too busy
rehabilitating it to give
us time to show us around.

535
00:44:56,760 --> 00:45:01,560
So unfortunately this,
these tailings, are
the best vantage point.

536
00:45:01,560 --> 00:45:05,560
The mine in Luanshya has a life
of at least another 50 years.

537
00:45:05,560 --> 00:45:12,080
Perhaps the Chinese mining era here
will last longer than that
of the British.

538
00:45:12,080 --> 00:45:15,320
How many of the white people
who used to work in the mine

539
00:45:15,320 --> 00:45:17,160
are left here in Luanshya now?

540
00:45:17,160 --> 00:45:20,920
You can count them
on your one hand, if that.

541
00:45:20,920 --> 00:45:23,040
Really? Very few.

542
00:45:23,040 --> 00:45:26,000
How long do you guys reckon
you'll stay here in Luanshya?

543
00:45:26,000 --> 00:45:27,920
Until we can put the lights out.

544
00:45:27,920 --> 00:45:30,840
You'll be the ones to
put the lights out? Yeah.

545
00:45:30,840 --> 00:45:33,160
Thanks a lot, guys,
for inviting me up here.

546
00:45:33,160 --> 00:45:36,200
Cheers, Justin. Cheers.
Thanks for inviting me up here.

547
00:45:36,560 --> 00:45:40,080
Cheers, my darling. To us, forever.

548
00:45:40,080 --> 00:45:41,600
Ha, cheers.

549
00:45:46,720 --> 00:45:48,480
From the relative calm of Zambia,

550
00:45:48,480 --> 00:45:52,560
I decided to follow
the Chinese miners north

551
00:45:52,560 --> 00:45:55,280
and hitched a ride
on a Congolese truck.

552
00:45:55,280 --> 00:45:59,240
I've left Zambia for the Congo
with a load full of cement.

553
00:45:59,240 --> 00:46:03,000
It's a really, really
tough place to do business,

554
00:46:03,000 --> 00:46:07,040
but there can be incredible
rewards for those who do.

555
00:46:08,160 --> 00:46:13,200
The Democratic Republic of Congo has
vast reserves of copper, diamonds,

556
00:46:13,200 --> 00:46:15,680
cobalt and other rare metals.

557
00:46:15,680 --> 00:46:18,360
But the struggle for
that incredible wealth

558
00:46:18,360 --> 00:46:21,400
has left a history
of terrible violence.

559
00:46:21,400 --> 00:46:25,520
The civil war that ended seven
years ago killed millions of people.

560
00:46:28,120 --> 00:46:30,840
This is the Wild West
of the mining world

561
00:46:30,840 --> 00:46:33,800
and the Chinese
are major players here too.

562
00:46:38,440 --> 00:46:40,720
But it is the local
people in Katanga

563
00:46:40,720 --> 00:46:45,600
who wage a primitive struggle
to unearth this mineral wealth.

564
00:46:47,560 --> 00:46:51,040
This bleak landscape hides
a maze of tunnels

565
00:46:51,040 --> 00:46:55,120
where men are digging out
copper and cobalt.

566
00:46:57,840 --> 00:47:01,120
There are no machines here,
just basic tools.

567
00:47:03,720 --> 00:47:06,000
Samwell is one of the men
who makes his living

568
00:47:06,000 --> 00:47:09,400
in these unstable
and dangerous earthworks.

569
00:47:15,040 --> 00:47:19,160
If you look at this,
what we've got is a seam of cobalt,

570
00:47:19,160 --> 00:47:22,440
so this is one of the minerals
that they're looking for,

571
00:47:22,440 --> 00:47:25,560
but getting the cobalt
is incredibly hard work.

572
00:47:25,560 --> 00:47:28,880
Samwell will work 11 hours a day,
six days a week down in this mine,

573
00:47:28,880 --> 00:47:32,680
and I can tell you, conditions down
here couldn't be much more basic.

574
00:47:32,680 --> 00:47:34,200
It's just a hole in the ground.

575
00:47:35,680 --> 00:47:41,200
Samwell sells the valuable
minerals to the Chinese traders
who are based in this remote region.

576
00:47:41,200 --> 00:47:44,680
Do you get good prices for
the stuff that you find?

577
00:47:44,680 --> 00:47:47,160
TRANSLATION: These people
are stealing from us

578
00:47:47,160 --> 00:47:50,360
because the price they pay
is just 500 francs per kilo,

579
00:47:50,360 --> 00:47:52,960
for copper, which is nothing.

580
00:47:52,960 --> 00:47:56,600
These people are just crooks.

581
00:47:58,240 --> 00:48:02,920
It's estimated that 90% of
Katanga's minerals go to China.

582
00:48:02,920 --> 00:48:05,480
Copper is just one of
a growing list of commodities

583
00:48:05,480 --> 00:48:10,080
of which China is now
the world's largest consumer.

584
00:48:10,080 --> 00:48:13,680
Here, there are dozens
of small Chinese businesses,

585
00:48:13,680 --> 00:48:16,600
smelting copper
and exporting minerals.

586
00:48:16,600 --> 00:48:19,480
And just like in Zambia,
there have been allegations

587
00:48:19,480 --> 00:48:25,000
that the local workers
have faced abuse at the hands
of their Chinese employers.

588
00:48:25,000 --> 00:48:28,480
Jean Pierre Okenda
is a local human rights activist.

589
00:48:28,480 --> 00:48:32,120
He's investigated some of the
Chinese companies in the area.

590
00:48:32,120 --> 00:48:34,880
TRANSLATION:
People are being exploited.

591
00:48:35,880 --> 00:48:41,360
Usually, companies don't care for
workers who've had an accident.

592
00:48:44,640 --> 00:48:47,360
From time to time, in all
of the companies round here

593
00:48:47,360 --> 00:48:49,120
workers are physically abused.

594
00:48:53,200 --> 00:48:56,400
If the Chinese don't improve
conditions for Africans,

595
00:48:56,400 --> 00:48:58,520
particularly those of the Congolese,

596
00:48:58,520 --> 00:49:02,040
I believe we'll have to kick them
out, back to their own country.

597
00:49:08,760 --> 00:49:12,680
Time to do my own inspection.

598
00:49:12,680 --> 00:49:17,880
This smelter has one of the
worst reputations of all the Chinese
companies operating in this area,

599
00:49:17,880 --> 00:49:22,600
and we're going in. We've
got permission from the governor,
from the local intelligence agency,

600
00:49:22,600 --> 00:49:26,600
to come and film in here,
so we're going to see
if we can get in. Come on.

601
00:49:26,600 --> 00:49:32,160
'This is Congo Loyal Will Mining,
a copper smelting company.

602
00:49:32,160 --> 00:49:34,400
'They didn't want us to film.'

603
00:49:34,400 --> 00:49:36,360
Let's just walk in
as deep as we can, OK?

604
00:49:38,840 --> 00:49:41,720
No, we have permission here.
MAN SPEAKS IN FRENCH

605
00:49:41,720 --> 00:49:46,560
No, no, monsieur, we have...
We have permission here from
intelligence, from the Governor.

606
00:49:46,560 --> 00:49:49,480
I'll phone Jimmy first and
then I'll see... Who is Jimmy?

607
00:49:49,480 --> 00:49:52,240
Jimmy's in South Africa...
Could you stop filming?

608
00:49:52,240 --> 00:49:55,040
'The owner's daughter
came out to speak to us.'

609
00:49:55,040 --> 00:49:59,320
The reason we're here is because of
the reports of poor standards,

610
00:49:59,320 --> 00:50:02,520
that standards with your workers are
not good. Let me call Jimmy.

611
00:50:02,520 --> 00:50:06,960
That pay is bad. I'll give you an
answer in an hour. That there's not
enough safety equipment.

612
00:50:06,960 --> 00:50:09,560
I am not the one dealing with
the media. Yeah, but you...

613
00:50:09,560 --> 00:50:12,720
Just give me one hour... Answer me,
are the standards adequate?

614
00:50:12,720 --> 00:50:16,480
Give me one hour. I'll call you
back. Why do you not provide
safety equipment?

615
00:50:16,480 --> 00:50:20,960
Give me an hour. Why do you not
employ... Please do not film!
Why do you not employ...

616
00:50:22,360 --> 00:50:25,880
One hour... In one hour you will tell
us we cannot come in. No, no, no.

617
00:50:25,880 --> 00:50:29,240
The point is that your mother
owns the company... 
OK, let's go in there. 

618
00:50:29,240 --> 00:50:33,520
She owns the company,
she can tell us.

619
00:50:33,520 --> 00:50:35,720
'Our camera was pushed outside.

620
00:50:35,720 --> 00:50:39,200
'Jimmy turned up, but he didn't
answer any of my questions.

621
00:50:39,200 --> 00:50:42,800
'I never did get to see conditions
inside the Chinese plant.'

622
00:50:46,840 --> 00:50:48,920
The legacy of foreigners
in the Congo

623
00:50:48,920 --> 00:50:54,000
has all too often been exploitation
and abuse of human rights.

624
00:50:54,000 --> 00:50:58,480
Sadly, it seems that tradition
is continuing.

625
00:50:59,520 --> 00:51:01,640
TRAIN WHISTLE

626
00:51:05,560 --> 00:51:11,280
I'm relieved to be out of the Congo
and back on a train for the
last leg of my journey.

627
00:51:13,600 --> 00:51:18,400
I'm in Tanzania, one of China's
closest allies in Africa,

628
00:51:18,400 --> 00:51:23,320
riding a short stretch of one of the
longest railways on the continent.

629
00:51:24,840 --> 00:51:28,880
The TAZARA railway was built
by thousands of Chinese labourers

630
00:51:28,880 --> 00:51:32,080
back in the 1970s.

631
00:51:32,080 --> 00:51:35,280
Its construction was a source
of huge pride in communist China.

632
00:51:35,280 --> 00:51:38,600
And older Chinese still remember
the tales of the Chinese workforce

633
00:51:38,600 --> 00:51:43,760
braving lions and elephants
to get the railway built.

634
00:51:43,760 --> 00:51:49,360
A small team of Chinese engineers
still helps maintain the railway.

635
00:51:49,360 --> 00:51:53,120
How did you feel when it was
suggested that you would
come here to Africa

636
00:51:53,120 --> 00:51:56,000
to work on the TAZARA railway?

637
00:52:08,440 --> 00:52:11,160
China's relationship with Tanzania

638
00:52:11,160 --> 00:52:13,960
is one of the oldest
and closest in Africa,

639
00:52:13,960 --> 00:52:18,280
dating back to an earlier era
of socialist solidarity.

640
00:52:18,280 --> 00:52:21,400
China still gives
Tanzania significant aid,

641
00:52:21,400 --> 00:52:26,520
but now it's raw capitalism that
drives the Chinese involvement here.

642
00:52:29,160 --> 00:52:35,840
At Dar es Salaam station, the end of
the line, I met the deputy director
of the railway, Damas Ndumbaro.

643
00:52:36,840 --> 00:52:43,000
How does China compare
with other countries in terms of
making investments in Africa?

644
00:53:04,360 --> 00:53:08,240
Do you think the West
in the past has felt Africa

645
00:53:08,240 --> 00:53:10,480
was its territory,

646
00:53:10,480 --> 00:53:14,160
and now the Chinese are
coming in, they feel upset,
maybe even a bit jealous?

647
00:53:20,560 --> 00:53:22,560
Between the West and China?

648
00:53:27,920 --> 00:53:31,120
After having travelled thousands
of miles across this continent,

649
00:53:31,120 --> 00:53:36,480
it seemed to me that the West
risks being left behind in Africa.

650
00:53:38,000 --> 00:53:43,840
And what better place than
the beautiful Indian Ocean
coastline could there be

651
00:53:43,840 --> 00:53:49,320
to engage in some inner reflection
about the Chinese view of the world?

652
00:54:02,680 --> 00:54:06,400
T'ai chi on a Tanzanian beach.

653
00:54:06,400 --> 00:54:09,720
This is a...a novel aspect

654
00:54:09,720 --> 00:54:13,000
to the Chinese relationship
with Africa.

655
00:54:18,320 --> 00:54:23,040
But after all I've seen,
perhaps I shouldn't be surprised.

656
00:54:23,040 --> 00:54:28,920
Across this continent, more and
more Africans are learning about
the Chinese language and culture.

657
00:54:31,200 --> 00:54:34,640
Political and trading ties
run deep here.

658
00:54:38,120 --> 00:54:43,360
For decades, the commercial
involvement of the West in Africa
has primarily been driven

659
00:54:43,360 --> 00:54:49,120
by multinational companies
interested in exploiting
the continent's wealth.

660
00:54:49,120 --> 00:54:52,080
Big Chinese companies do that too,

661
00:54:52,080 --> 00:54:55,440
but what feels so different about
China's engagement in Africa

662
00:54:55,440 --> 00:55:01,080
is the presence of so many
entrepreneurs, setting up smaller
businesses in the African market.

663
00:55:02,600 --> 00:55:09,960
It seems that supposedly communist
China is bringing capitalism
to Africa on a huge scale.

664
00:55:09,960 --> 00:55:13,920
Zhu Hanqun, the owner of this plate
factory in Dar es Salaam,

665
00:55:13,920 --> 00:55:18,800
is keen for me to understand
the basics of the free market.

666
00:55:21,480 --> 00:55:25,040
TRANSLATION: You can come to China,
you can start a company in China.

667
00:55:25,040 --> 00:55:29,640
So many Europeans and people
from all over the world have
started companies in China.

668
00:55:29,640 --> 00:55:34,640
Many countries are now looking
to China for development,
because we've got a huge market.

669
00:55:34,640 --> 00:55:39,600
We're looking to foreign markets
and the West is looking
to China's market.

670
00:55:42,080 --> 00:55:45,880
China's going out into the world will
not be a threat to other countries,

671
00:55:45,880 --> 00:55:47,880
people shouldn't have this idea.

672
00:55:49,400 --> 00:55:52,960
The nature of Chinese people
is very kind-hearted.

673
00:55:55,680 --> 00:55:59,280
This looks all right to me.
I think it looks quite good.

674
00:56:03,000 --> 00:56:08,400
The message from Africa
is that the Chinese
are well and truly here to stay.

675
00:56:08,400 --> 00:56:15,360
In the inauspicious interior of
shed seven of Dar es Salaam port,
I discovered a treasure-house.

676
00:56:17,920 --> 00:56:21,960
This is where much of the minerals
from the Congo and Zambia end up.

677
00:56:21,960 --> 00:56:25,440
there's literally millions of
dollars' worth of copper here,

678
00:56:25,440 --> 00:56:27,720
but also this stuff -
take a look at this.

679
00:56:27,720 --> 00:56:30,880
This is cobalt,

680
00:56:30,880 --> 00:56:33,320
that stuff I was mining
back in the Congo,

681
00:56:33,320 --> 00:56:37,160
and this is heading off to be
made into super-strong steels.

682
00:56:37,160 --> 00:56:38,920
So where's all this stuff headed?

683
00:56:38,920 --> 00:56:42,960
All this used to go to Europe
and other parts of the world,

684
00:56:42,960 --> 00:56:48,920
but now this stuff is going to Far
East, Asia, China...

685
00:56:48,920 --> 00:56:50,080
Mostly in China.

686
00:56:50,080 --> 00:56:54,160
So this China-Africa trade
has changed enormously recently?

687
00:56:54,160 --> 00:56:59,800
Very, very much. The Chinese now
have come down here to Africa

688
00:56:59,800 --> 00:57:03,640
to do a very, very big business,
and they're all over -

689
00:57:03,640 --> 00:57:04,880
China, China, China.

690
00:57:04,880 --> 00:57:08,640
China, China, China. Yeah.
THEY LAUGH

691
00:57:12,040 --> 00:57:13,560
Well, there we go.

692
00:57:22,080 --> 00:57:26,960
The Konrad Schulte headed
out of port laden with manganese,
copper and cobalt

693
00:57:26,960 --> 00:57:29,720
all bound for China -

694
00:57:29,720 --> 00:57:35,360
now the world's second largest
economy, and still booming.

695
00:57:39,120 --> 00:57:44,760
A single thread links all the
Chinese activities I've seen
as I've travelled across Africa.

696
00:57:44,760 --> 00:57:48,600
It explains the vast state
deals for key resources

697
00:57:48,600 --> 00:57:54,000
and the army of hundreds
of thousands of individual
Chinese entrepreneurs.

698
00:57:54,000 --> 00:57:56,560
That thread is commerce.

699
00:57:58,080 --> 00:58:03,080
The Chinese don't see poor
countries in need of help and
assistance here in Africa,

700
00:58:03,080 --> 00:58:05,400
they see business opportunities.

701
00:58:05,400 --> 00:58:08,320
They regard Africa
as a vast potential market,

702
00:58:08,320 --> 00:58:10,360
and one thing is for certain -

703
00:58:10,360 --> 00:58:14,360
the Chinese will claim as much
of that market as they can.

704
00:58:18,240 --> 00:58:22,360
And if you think what China is
doing here in Africa is impressive,

705
00:58:22,360 --> 00:58:23,520
think again.

706
00:58:23,520 --> 00:58:30,040
Because Africa is just one small
part of the Chinese government's
strategy of going global.

707
00:58:30,040 --> 00:58:32,160
Next time, I travel to Brazil,

708
00:58:32,160 --> 00:58:37,600
a country getting rich by selling
its vast natural resources to China.

709
00:58:37,600 --> 00:58:39,840
And I cross America,

710
00:58:39,840 --> 00:58:43,560
an economic superpower struggling
to compete with the Chinese.

711
00:58:43,560 --> 00:58:47,480
What's most unsettling
about China to Americans

712
00:58:47,480 --> 00:58:50,040
is not their communism,
it's their capitalism.

713
00:58:53,320 --> 00:58:55,360
Subtitles by Red Bee Media

714
00:58:55,360 --> 00:58:58,280
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