1
00:00:03,236 --> 00:00:05,405
[BANJO PLAYING <i>DIXIE]</i>

2
00:00:17,333 --> 00:00:18,952
"IN THIS ARMY,

3
00:00:18,952 --> 00:00:20,587
"ONE HOLE IN THE SEAT
OF THE BRITCHES

4
00:00:20,587 --> 00:00:22,756
"INDICATES A CAPTAIN,

5
00:00:22,756 --> 00:00:24,924
"TWO HOLES--A LIEUTENANT,

6
00:00:24,924 --> 00:00:28,044
"AND THE SEAT OF THE PANTS
ALL OUT

7
00:00:28,044 --> 00:00:31,297
INDICATES THAT THE INDIVIDUAL
IS A PRIVATE."

8
00:00:34,551 --> 00:00:37,070
THEY BOTH HAD
A PARTICULAR WAY OF YELLING.

9
00:00:37,620 --> 00:00:39,789
THE NORTHERN TROOPS MADE
A SORT OF HURRAH.

10
00:00:39,789 --> 00:00:41,958
IT WAS CALLED BY ONE SOLDIER,

11
00:00:41,958 --> 00:00:45,211
"THE DEEP, GENEROUS, MANLY
SHOUT" OF THE NORTHERN SOLDIER.

12
00:00:45,211 --> 00:00:48,465
THE CONFEDERATES, OF COURSE, HAD
WHAT WAS CALLED THE REBEL YELL.

13
00:00:48,465 --> 00:00:51,718
WE DON'T REALLY KNOW
WHAT THAT SOUNDED LIKE.

14
00:00:51,718 --> 00:00:54,971
ONE NORTHERNER DESCRIBED IT,
HE SAID,

15
00:00:54,971 --> 00:00:59,309
HE DESCRIBED IT BY DESCRIBING
THE PECULIAR CORKSCREW SENSATION

16
00:00:59,309 --> 00:01:02,562
THAT GOES UP YOUR BACKBONE
WHEN YOU HEAR IT,

17
00:01:02,562 --> 00:01:05,265
AND HE SAID, "IF YOU CLAIM
YOU'VE HEARD IT

18
00:01:05,265 --> 00:01:06,900
"AND WEREN'T SCARED,

19
00:01:06,900 --> 00:01:08,518
THAT MEANS YOU NEVER
HEARD IT."

20
00:01:08,518 --> 00:01:10,153
IT WAS...

21
00:01:10,153 --> 00:01:12,856
IT WAS BASICALLY, I THINK,
A SORT OF FOX HUNT YIP,

22
00:01:12,856 --> 00:01:14,491
AND SWIRLED IT AROUND
IN THE GREASE

23
00:01:14,491 --> 00:01:17,744
MIXED UP WITH A SORT
OF BANSHEE SQUALL.

24
00:01:17,744 --> 00:01:20,997
AND IT WAS USED
ON THE ATTACK.

25
00:01:20,997 --> 00:01:23,700
AND AN OLD CONFEDERATE VETERAN
AFTER THE WAR

26
00:01:23,700 --> 00:01:26,953
WAS ASKED AT A UDC MEETING
IN TENNESSEE SOMEWHERE

27
00:01:26,953 --> 00:01:28,588
TO GIVE THE REBEL YELL.

28
00:01:28,588 --> 00:01:30,757
THE LADIES HAD NEVER
HEARD IT.

29
00:01:30,757 --> 00:01:35,628
AND HE SAID, "IT CAN'T BE DONE
EXCEPT AT A RUN,

30
00:01:35,628 --> 00:01:36,713
"AND I COULDN'T DO IT
ANYHOW

31
00:01:36,713 --> 00:01:38,348
"WITH A MOUTH
FULL OF FALSE TEETH

32
00:01:38,348 --> 00:01:39,966
AND A STOMACH FULL
OF FOOD."

33
00:01:40,517 --> 00:01:43,219
SO THEY NEVER GOT TO HEAR
WHAT IT SOUNDED LIKE.

34
00:01:59,302 --> 00:02:03,106
THE CIVIL WAR WAS FOUGHT
IN 10,000 PLACES.

35
00:02:03,106 --> 00:02:07,977
MURFREESBORO, CHAMBERSBURG,
DRANESVILLE, AND OPELOUSAS,

36
00:02:07,977 --> 00:02:11,781
APACHE CANYON,
ST. AUGUSTINE,

37
00:02:11,781 --> 00:02:14,484
PADUCAH,
AND BRANDY STATION,

38
00:02:14,484 --> 00:02:17,203
ON THE RED RIVER,
THE RAPPAHANNOCK,

39
00:02:17,203 --> 00:02:18,822
AND THE RAPIDAN,

40
00:02:18,822 --> 00:02:22,075
ACROSS THE SUSQUEHANNA
AND THE MONONGAHELA,

41
00:02:22,625 --> 00:02:24,794
FROM MOUNT IDA
AND MOUNT OLIVE

42
00:02:24,794 --> 00:02:26,963
TO MOUNT ZION,

43
00:02:26,963 --> 00:02:30,216
FROM NINEVAH
AND NICKAJACK GAP

44
00:02:30,216 --> 00:02:32,919
TO NEW BERNE, NEW CARTHAGE,

45
00:02:32,919 --> 00:02:34,554
NEW IBERIA, NEW LISBON,

46
00:02:34,554 --> 00:02:36,723
AND NEW HOPE,

47
00:02:36,723 --> 00:02:38,341
FROM THE YAZOO DELTA

48
00:02:38,341 --> 00:02:40,510
TO THE CHICKASAW BLUFFS.

49
00:02:46,482 --> 00:02:49,185
BY 1863, THE TAIPING
REBELLION IN CHINA

50
00:02:49,185 --> 00:02:52,438
HAD ENTERED ITS 13th YEAR.

51
00:02:52,438 --> 00:02:55,158
CIVIL WAR BROKE OUT
IN AFGHANISTAN.

52
00:02:55,158 --> 00:02:58,945
IN AMERICA, EDDIE CUTHBERT
OF THE PHILADELPHIA KEYSTONES

53
00:02:58,945 --> 00:03:01,664
STOLE THE FIRST BASE
IN PROFESSIONAL BASEBALL.

54
00:03:02,198 --> 00:03:03,833
THE NATIONAL ACADEMY
OF SCIENCE

55
00:03:03,833 --> 00:03:06,002
WAS FOUNDED IN WASHINGTON.

56
00:03:06,002 --> 00:03:07,620
THE ROLLER SKATE
WAS PATENTED,

57
00:03:07,620 --> 00:03:10,874
AND HENRY FORD
AND WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST

58
00:03:10,874 --> 00:03:12,508
WERE BORN.

59
00:03:15,762 --> 00:03:20,099
IN 1863, CONFEDERATE GENERAL
STONEWALL JACKSON

60
00:03:20,633 --> 00:03:21,718
WOULD BECOME A TERROR
TO THE UNION ARMY

61
00:03:21,718 --> 00:03:25,521
AND A LEGEND
NORTH AND SOUTH.

62
00:03:25,521 --> 00:03:27,140
JOSHUA LAWRENCE CHAMBERLAIN,

63
00:03:27,140 --> 00:03:29,309
A COLLEGE PROFESSOR
FROM MAINE,

64
00:03:29,859 --> 00:03:30,944
WOULD LEAD HIS REGIMENT
TO GLORY

65
00:03:30,944 --> 00:03:35,281
ON HILLSIDES IN VIRGINIA
AND PENNSYLVANIA.

66
00:03:35,281 --> 00:03:38,534
IN THE WILDERNESS
WEST OF FREDERICKSBURG,

67
00:03:38,534 --> 00:03:39,619
ROBERT E. LEE WOULD DEVISE

68
00:03:39,619 --> 00:03:42,322
ONE OF THE MOST DARING
AND BRILLIANT BATTLE PLANS

69
00:03:42,322 --> 00:03:44,490
OF THE WAR,

70
00:03:44,490 --> 00:03:47,126
WHILE 1,000 MILES
TO THE WEST,

71
00:03:47,660 --> 00:03:49,295
ULYSSES S. GRANT
CONTINUED TO HAMMER AWAY

72
00:03:49,295 --> 00:03:51,998
AT THE REBEL STRONGHOLD
AT VICKSBURG.

73
00:03:55,752 --> 00:03:57,387
CONFEDERATE PRIVATE
SAM WATKINS

74
00:03:57,387 --> 00:04:00,089
WOULD FIGHT AT MURFREESBORO,
SHELBYVILLE,

75
00:04:00,089 --> 00:04:03,893
CHICKAMAUGA, LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN,
AND MISSIONARY RIDGE,

76
00:04:03,893 --> 00:04:06,596
AND SOMEHOW SURVIVE,

77
00:04:06,596 --> 00:04:09,232
WHILE ELISHA HUNT RHODES

78
00:04:09,232 --> 00:04:11,935
WOULD HAVE THE BEST
4th OF JULY OF HIS LIFE.

79
00:04:14,103 --> 00:04:18,441
IN 1863, DESPITE
A NORTHERN VICTORY AT ANTIETAM,

80
00:04:18,441 --> 00:04:20,076
DESPITE EMANCIPATION,

81
00:04:23,329 --> 00:04:28,668
THE UNION SEEMED CLOSE
TO FUMBLING ALL IT HAD.

82
00:04:28,668 --> 00:04:30,837
MEANWHILE, FROM VICKSBURG
TO CHARLESTON,

83
00:04:30,837 --> 00:04:33,006
THE FRAGILE CONFEDERATE
COALITION

84
00:04:33,006 --> 00:04:35,174
WAS COMING APART,

85
00:04:35,174 --> 00:04:38,428
AND YET SOMEHOW THE CONFEDERACY
STAYED ALIVE

86
00:04:38,962 --> 00:04:43,299
BY THE DARING AND LUCK
AND GENIUS

87
00:04:46,152 --> 00:04:49,088
BUT THE BIGGEST TESTS
WERE COMING THAT SUMMER

88
00:04:49,088 --> 00:04:52,775
WHERE THE MISSISSIPPI
TOOK A SHARP TURN AT VICKSBURG

89
00:04:52,775 --> 00:04:56,029
AND AT A SLEEPY CORNER
OF PENNSYLVANIA.

90
00:05:12,829 --> 00:05:17,166
"MURFREESBORO, TENNESSEE,
JANUARY 1, 1863.

91
00:05:17,166 --> 00:05:19,335
"MARTHA, I CAN INFORM YOU

92
00:05:19,335 --> 00:05:21,504
"THAT I HAVE SEEN
THE MONKEY SHOW AT LAST,

93
00:05:21,504 --> 00:05:25,308
"AND I DON'T WANT
TO SEE IT NO MORE.

94
00:05:25,308 --> 00:05:28,561
"I NEVER WANT TO GO ON ANOTHER
FIGHT ANYMORE, SISTER.

95
00:05:28,561 --> 00:05:31,814
"I WANT TO COME HOME
WORSE THAN I EVER DID BEFORE.

96
00:05:32,348 --> 00:05:33,983
THOMAS WARWICK."

97
00:05:37,236 --> 00:05:40,907
"CHARLES COFFIN,
<i>BOSTON JOURNAL.</i>

98
00:05:40,907 --> 00:05:44,160
"ALL THE SURROUNDING FORESTS
HAD DISAPPEARED,

99
00:05:44,160 --> 00:05:46,863
"BUILT INTO HUTS WITH CHIMNEYS
OF STICKS AND MUD

100
00:05:46,863 --> 00:05:50,033
"OR CUT FOR BURNING
IN THE STONE FIREPLACES.

101
00:05:50,033 --> 00:05:51,667
"THE SOLDIERS
WERE DISCOURAGED.

102
00:05:51,667 --> 00:05:54,921
"THEY KNEW THAT
THEY HAD FOUGHT BRAVELY

103
00:05:54,921 --> 00:05:58,091
"BUT THAT THERE HAD BEEN
MISMANAGEMENT

104
00:05:58,091 --> 00:06:00,793
AND INEFFICIENT
GENERALSHIP."

105
00:06:00,793 --> 00:06:02,428
"FALMOUTH, VIRGINIA.

106
00:06:02,428 --> 00:06:04,597
"THIS MORNING,
WE FOUND OURSELVES COVERED

107
00:06:04,597 --> 00:06:07,850
"WITH SNOW THAT HAD FALLEN
DURING THE NIGHT.

108
00:06:07,850 --> 00:06:09,886
"IT IS TOO COLD TO WRITE.

109
00:06:10,970 --> 00:06:14,774
"SOME OF THOSE <i>ON TO RICHMOND</i>
<i>FELLOWS OUT HERE WITH US.</i>

110
00:06:14,774 --> 00:06:17,477
ELISHA HUNT RHODES."

111
00:06:18,027 --> 00:06:20,196
THE MEN OF
THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC

112
00:06:20,196 --> 00:06:22,365
HAD NOT BEEN PAID
FOR SIX MONTHS,

113
00:06:22,365 --> 00:06:26,152
AND WHILE ARMY WAREHOUSES
AT WASHINGTON BULGED WITH FOOD,

114
00:06:26,152 --> 00:06:29,405
LITTLE OF IT GOT
TO THE WINTER CAMP.

115
00:06:29,405 --> 00:06:33,209
"I HAVE EVER SEEN GREATER
MISERY FROM SICKNESS

116
00:06:33,209 --> 00:06:36,996
"THAN NOW EXISTS
IN OUR ARMY OF THE POTOMAC.

117
00:06:36,996 --> 00:06:40,800
THOMAS F. PERLY,
INSPECTOR GENERAL."

118
00:06:40,800 --> 00:06:43,503
ONE WISCONSIN OFFICER

119
00:06:43,503 --> 00:06:46,222
CALLED THE WINTER CAMP
AT FALMOUTH, VIRGINIA,

120
00:06:46,222 --> 00:06:48,925
THE UNION'S VALLEY FORGE.

121
00:06:48,925 --> 00:06:52,178
HUNDREDS DIED FROM SCURVY,
DYSENTERY,

122
00:06:52,178 --> 00:06:55,431
TYPHOID,
DIPHTHERIA, PNEUMONIA.

123
00:06:55,431 --> 00:06:58,151
THERE WERE EPIDEMICS
OF MEASLES, MUMPS,

124
00:06:58,151 --> 00:06:59,769
AND OTHER CHILDHOOD DISEASES.

125
00:06:59,769 --> 00:07:00,853
AND FARM BOYS,

126
00:07:01,404 --> 00:07:04,107
CROWDED WITH OTHER MEN FOR
THE FIRST TIME IN THEIR LIVES,

127
00:07:04,107 --> 00:07:06,275
WERE ESPECIALLY SUSCEPTIBLE.

128
00:07:06,275 --> 00:07:09,529
DISEASE WAS THE CHIEF KILLER
OF THE WAR,

129
00:07:09,529 --> 00:07:13,866
TAKING TWO FOR EVERY ONE
WHO DIED OF BATTLE WOUNDS.

130
00:07:13,866 --> 00:07:16,035
"ONE OF THE WONDERS
OF THESE TIMES

131
00:07:16,035 --> 00:07:18,204
"WAS THE ARMY COUGH.

132
00:07:18,204 --> 00:07:19,839
"IT IS ALMOST A LITERAL FACT

133
00:07:19,839 --> 00:07:24,177
"THAT WHEN 100,000 MEN
BEGAN TO STIR AT REVEILLE,

134
00:07:24,177 --> 00:07:25,795
"THE SOUND OF THEIR COUGHING

135
00:07:25,795 --> 00:07:30,133
WOULD DROWN OUT THAT
OF THE BEATING DRUMS."

136
00:07:30,133 --> 00:07:34,353
"THE NEWSPAPERS SAY THE ARMY
IS EAGER FOR ANOTHER FIGHT.

137
00:07:34,887 --> 00:07:35,972
"IT IS FALSE.

138
00:07:35,972 --> 00:07:37,607
"THEY ARE HEARTILY SICK
OF BATTLES

139
00:07:37,607 --> 00:07:40,309
THAT PRODUCE NO RESULTS."

140
00:07:40,309 --> 00:07:44,113
"I DON'T THINK I HAVE RECEIVED
HALF OF MY LETTERS.

141
00:07:44,113 --> 00:07:48,985
"IT CANNOT BE POSSIBLE
THAT ONE IS MY QUOTA

142
00:07:48,985 --> 00:07:50,620
"IN OVER THREE WEEKS
FROM HOME.

143
00:07:50,620 --> 00:07:52,788
"I'VE WRITTEN CONSTANTLY
FROM EVERY PLACE

144
00:07:52,788 --> 00:07:54,407
"WHERE WE HAVE STOPPED
LONG ENOUGH TO WRITE

145
00:07:54,407 --> 00:07:57,126
"AND COULD MAIL A LETTER.

146
00:07:57,660 --> 00:07:59,829
EDWARD HASTINGS RIPLEY."

147
00:07:59,829 --> 00:08:03,082
200 MEN DESERTED EVERY DAY.

148
00:08:03,633 --> 00:08:05,251
BY LATE JANUARY,
1/4 OF THE UNION ARMY

149
00:08:05,251 --> 00:08:08,504
WAS ABSENT WITHOUT LEAVE.

150
00:08:08,504 --> 00:08:10,139
ADDED TO THE MEN'S MISERY

151
00:08:10,139 --> 00:08:12,308
WERE MEMORIES OF THE BATTLE
THEY HAD FOUGHT

152
00:08:12,842 --> 00:08:16,646
ACROSS THE RAPPAHANNOCK
AT FREDERICKSBURG IN DECEMBER.

153
00:08:21,517 --> 00:08:24,770
AT FREDERICKSBURG,
THERE WAS A...AN EXCHANGE

154
00:08:24,770 --> 00:08:26,939
ACROSS THE RAPPAHANNOCK.

155
00:08:26,939 --> 00:08:29,108
ONE OF THEM HOLLERED,
"HEY, REB,"

156
00:08:29,108 --> 00:08:31,827
AND THEY SAID, "YEAH?"

157
00:08:31,827 --> 00:08:34,530
"WHEN ARE YOU FELLAS
GOING TO COME OVER?"

158
00:08:34,530 --> 00:08:36,165
THEY SAID, "WHEN WE GET
GOOD AND READY.

159
00:08:36,165 --> 00:08:37,783
WHAT DO YOU WANT?"

160
00:08:37,783 --> 00:08:39,418
AND THEY SAID,
"WANT FREDERICKSBURG."

161
00:08:39,418 --> 00:08:41,037
"DON'T YOU WISH,
YOU MAY GET IT!"

162
00:08:41,037 --> 00:08:42,121
AND THINGS LIKE THAT.

163
00:08:42,672 --> 00:08:44,290
THERE WERE A LOT
OF THOSE EXCHANGES.

164
00:08:45,925 --> 00:08:49,178
A LINE OF HILLS OVERLOOKED
FREDERICKSBURG, VIRGINIA,

165
00:08:49,178 --> 00:08:50,796
A KEY CONFEDERATE
TRANSPORTATION LINK

166
00:08:50,796 --> 00:08:54,600
MIDWAY BETWEEN RICHMOND
AND WASHINGTON.

167
00:08:54,600 --> 00:08:57,853
UNION GENERAL
AMBROSE E. BURNSIDE'S PLAN

168
00:08:57,853 --> 00:09:01,107
HAD BEEN TO CROSS
THE RAPPAHANNOCK BY PONTOON,

169
00:09:01,107 --> 00:09:02,191
OCCUPY THE TOWN,

170
00:09:02,191 --> 00:09:05,444
THEN TAKE
THE THINLY DEFENDED HEIGHTS.

171
00:09:05,444 --> 00:09:09,782
BOLD ACTION DID NOT COME
NATURALLY TO AMBROSE BURNSIDE,

172
00:09:09,782 --> 00:09:11,951
THOUGH HE HAD LED HIS MEN
TO FREDERICKSBURG

173
00:09:11,951 --> 00:09:13,569
DETERMINED TO DISPLAY

174
00:09:13,569 --> 00:09:16,822
THE FIGHTING SPIRIT
HIS PREDECESSOR GEORGE McCLELLAN

175
00:09:16,822 --> 00:09:20,076
HAD SO CONSPICUOUSLY LACKED.

176
00:09:20,076 --> 00:09:22,795
BUT NOW THE WAR DEPARTMENT
FAILED HIM,

177
00:09:23,329 --> 00:09:24,964
AND 17 DAYS PASSED

178
00:09:24,964 --> 00:09:27,667
WAITING FOR PONTOON BRIDGES
TO ARRIVE.

179
00:09:27,667 --> 00:09:30,386
BY THE TIME THE BRIDGE
WAS IN PLACE,

180
00:09:30,386 --> 00:09:34,724
LEE HAD 75,000 MEN
WAITING IN THE HILLS.

181
00:09:34,724 --> 00:09:38,511
STONEWALL JACKSON
WAS ON THE RIGHT,

182
00:09:38,511 --> 00:09:40,680
JAMES LONGSTREET
ON THE LEFT

183
00:09:40,680 --> 00:09:42,848
ALONG A BLUFF CALLED
MARYE'S HEIGHTS.

184
00:09:45,017 --> 00:09:46,502
FROM THE TOP OF THE HEIGHTS,

185
00:09:46,502 --> 00:09:49,188
LEE COULD JUST SEE
CHATHAM MANSION

186
00:09:49,188 --> 00:09:51,357
ACROSS THE RIVER
ON THE UNION SIDE,

187
00:09:51,357 --> 00:09:52,992
WHERE 30 YEARS BEFORE

188
00:09:52,992 --> 00:09:55,494
HE HAD COURTED HIS WIFE
MARY CUSTIS.

189
00:09:55,494 --> 00:09:59,198
IT WAS NOW BURNSIDE'S
HEADQUARTERS.

190
00:09:59,198 --> 00:10:04,620
UNION GUNS BEGAN SHELLING
FREDERICKSBURG,

191
00:10:04,620 --> 00:10:06,789
SETTING MUCH OF THE TOWN
ON FIRE.

192
00:10:07,340 --> 00:10:11,677
THEN THE TROOPS STARTED
ACROSS THE RIVER.

193
00:10:11,677 --> 00:10:14,797
SOME WONDERED
WHY THE CONFEDERATES

194
00:10:14,797 --> 00:10:16,966
DID NOT MAKE IT HARDER
FOR THEM TO CROSS.

195
00:10:16,966 --> 00:10:19,685
"THEY WANT TO GET US IN,"
ONE PRIVATE SAID.

196
00:10:19,685 --> 00:10:22,938
"GETTING OUT WON'T BE
QUITE SO SMART AND EASY."

197
00:10:25,107 --> 00:10:27,810
WHILE WAITING TO ATTACK
THE HEIGHTS,

198
00:10:28,361 --> 00:10:31,614
UNION MEN LOOTED
WHAT WAS LEFT OF THE TOWN.

199
00:10:36,485 --> 00:10:40,823
THE GREAT ASSAULT CAME
TWO DAYS LATER ON DECEMBER 13th.

200
00:10:40,823 --> 00:10:44,076
FEDERAL FORCES ADVANCED
TOWARD MARYE'S HEIGHTS.

201
00:10:44,076 --> 00:10:47,246
LEE COULD NOT BELIEVE
THE ENEMY WOULD BE SO FOOLISH.

202
00:10:47,246 --> 00:10:49,965
HIS ARTILLERY COVERED
ALL THE APPROACHES.

203
00:10:49,965 --> 00:10:52,668
FOUR LINES OF RIFLEMEN
WAITED BEHIND A STONE WALL

204
00:10:52,668 --> 00:10:55,388
THAT RAN ALONG
THE BASE OF THE HILL.

205
00:10:55,388 --> 00:10:58,090
"GENERAL," AN OFFICER
ASSURED JAMES LONGSTREET,

206
00:10:58,641 --> 00:11:00,259
"A CHICKEN COULD NOT
LIVE IN THAT FIELD

207
00:11:00,259 --> 00:11:01,877
WHEN WE OPEN ON IT."

208
00:11:02,845 --> 00:11:05,564
"HOW BEAUTIFULLY THEY CAME ON.

209
00:11:05,564 --> 00:11:07,733
"THEIR BRIGHT BAYONETS
GLISTENING IN THE SUNLIGHT

210
00:11:07,733 --> 00:11:12,071
"MADE THE LINE LOOK LIKE A HUGE
SERPENT OF BLUE AND STEEL.

211
00:11:12,071 --> 00:11:13,689
"WE COULD SEE OUR SHELLS
BURSTING IN THEIR RANKS,

212
00:11:13,689 --> 00:11:14,774
"MAKING GREAT GAPS,

213
00:11:14,774 --> 00:11:16,409
"BUT ON THEY CAME,

214
00:11:16,409 --> 00:11:19,111
"AS THOUGH THEY WOULD GO
STRAIGHT THROUGH US AND OVER US.

215
00:11:19,111 --> 00:11:22,915
"NOW WE GAVE THEM CANISTER,
AND THAT STAGGERED THEM.

216
00:11:22,915 --> 00:11:25,084
"AND THE GEORGIANS
IN THE ROAD BELOW US ROSE UP

217
00:11:25,618 --> 00:11:27,119
"AND LET LOOSE
A STORM OF LEAD

218
00:11:27,119 --> 00:11:30,923
INTO THE FACES
OF THE ADVANCING BRIGADE."

219
00:11:30,923 --> 00:11:33,626
"THE BRILLIANT ASSAULT
OF THEIR IRISH BRIGADE

220
00:11:33,626 --> 00:11:35,261
"WAS BEYOND DESCRIPTION.

221
00:11:35,261 --> 00:11:36,345
"WE FORGOT THEY WERE
FIGHTING US,

222
00:11:36,879 --> 00:11:40,132
"AND CHEER AFTER CHEER
AT THEIR FEARLESSNESS WENT UP

223
00:11:40,132 --> 00:11:42,301
"ALONG OUR LINES.

224
00:11:42,301 --> 00:11:45,554
GENERAL GEORGE PICKETT."

225
00:11:45,554 --> 00:11:48,808
IT WAS SUICIDE.

226
00:11:48,808 --> 00:11:50,443
"THEY CAME FORWARD,"
ONE MAN SAID,

227
00:11:50,443 --> 00:11:55,314
"AS THOUGH THEY WERE BREASTING
A STORM OF RAIN AND SLEET.

228
00:11:55,314 --> 00:11:57,483
"FACES AND BODIES
HALF TURNED TO THE STORM.

229
00:11:57,483 --> 00:12:00,202
SHOULDERS SHRUGGED."

230
00:12:00,202 --> 00:12:04,540
THE IRISH BRIGADE GOT
WITHIN 25 PACES OF THE WALL.

231
00:12:04,540 --> 00:12:06,709
THE MEN OF THE 24th GEORGIA
WHO SHOT THEM DOWN

232
00:12:07,243 --> 00:12:08,878
WERE IRISH, TOO.

233
00:12:10,496 --> 00:12:13,749
A UNION OFFICER
WATCHING FROM A CHURCH STEEPLE

234
00:12:13,749 --> 00:12:17,002
SAW BRIGADE AFTER BRIGADE
CHARGE THE STONE WALL.

235
00:12:17,002 --> 00:12:19,171
"THEY SEEMED TO MELT,"
HE SAID,

236
00:12:19,171 --> 00:12:22,425
"LIKE SNOW COMING DOWN
ON WARM GROUND."

237
00:12:26,228 --> 00:12:28,931
THEY STILL BELIEVED
THAT TO TAKE A POSITION,

238
00:12:28,931 --> 00:12:31,100
YOU MASSED YOUR MEN
AND MOVED UP

239
00:12:31,100 --> 00:12:33,269
AND GAVE THEM
THE BAYONET.

240
00:12:33,269 --> 00:12:35,438
THERE WERE PRACTICALLY
NO BAYONET WOUNDS

241
00:12:35,438 --> 00:12:37,072
IN THE CIVIL WAR
MUCH MORE THAN THERE WERE

242
00:12:37,072 --> 00:12:39,241
IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR
OR THE SECOND.

243
00:12:39,241 --> 00:12:41,410
THEY NEVER CAME
IN THAT KIND OF CONTACT,

244
00:12:41,410 --> 00:12:44,663
OR AT LEAST VERY SELDOM
CAME IN THAT KIND OF CONTACT,

245
00:12:44,663 --> 00:12:46,282
BUT THEY STILL THOUGHT
THAT TO MASS THEIR FIRE

246
00:12:46,282 --> 00:12:47,917
THEY HAD TO MASS THEIR MEN.

247
00:12:47,917 --> 00:12:49,535
SO THEY LINED UP

248
00:12:49,535 --> 00:12:50,619
AND MARCHED UP TOWARD
AN ENTRENCHED LINE

249
00:12:50,619 --> 00:12:52,254
AND GOT BLOWN AWAY.

250
00:12:52,254 --> 00:13:02,548
[HORSE NEIGHS]
14 ASSAULTS WERE BEATEN BACK FROM MARYE'S HEIGHTS

251
00:13:03,098 --> 00:13:06,886
BEFORE BURNSIDE DECIDED
IT COULD NOT BE TAKEN.

252
00:13:06,886 --> 00:13:10,689
9,000 MEN FELL
BEFORE THE CONFEDERATE GUNS.

253
00:13:12,858 --> 00:13:16,645
MORE CREDIT FOR VALOR IS GIVEN
TO CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS.

254
00:13:16,645 --> 00:13:19,899
THEY'RE SUPPOSED TO HAVE HAD
MORE ELAN AND DASH.

255
00:13:19,899 --> 00:13:21,534
ACTUALLY, I KNOW OF
NO BRAVER MEN IN EITHER ARMY

256
00:13:21,534 --> 00:13:24,787
THAN THE UNION TROOPS
AT FREDERICKSBURG,

257
00:13:24,787 --> 00:13:26,405
WHICH IS A SERIOUS DEFEAT.

258
00:13:26,956 --> 00:13:28,574
BUT TO KEEP CHARGING
THAT WALL

259
00:13:28,574 --> 00:13:30,209
AT THE FOOT
OF MARYE'S HEIGHTS,

260
00:13:30,209 --> 00:13:31,827
AFTER ALL THE FAILURES
THERE HAVE BEEN,

261
00:13:31,827 --> 00:13:37,249
AND THEY WERE ALL FAILURES,
IS A SINGULAR INSTANCE OF VALOR.

262
00:13:37,800 --> 00:13:42,137
WATCHING FROM ABOVE,
EVEN ROBERT E. LEE WAS MOVED.

263
00:13:42,137 --> 00:13:44,840
"IT IS WELL," HE SAID,
"THAT WAR IS SO TERRIBLE.

264
00:13:45,391 --> 00:13:48,093
WE SHOULD GROW
TOO FOND OF IT."

265
00:13:50,262 --> 00:13:53,516
COLONEL JOSHUA LAWRENCE
CHAMBERLAIN AND HIS 20th MAINE

266
00:13:54,066 --> 00:13:55,150
WERE AMONG THE THOUSANDS
OF UNION MEN

267
00:13:55,684 --> 00:13:57,853
PINNED DOWN
AT THE FOOT OF THE HEIGHTS.

268
00:13:57,853 --> 00:14:01,106
THAT NIGHT, THE TEMPERATURE
FELL BELOW FREEZING,

269
00:14:01,106 --> 00:14:03,275
AND A STIFF WIND BLEW.

270
00:14:03,275 --> 00:14:08,697
MEN NOW FROZE
AS WELL AS BLED TO DEATH.

271
00:14:08,697 --> 00:14:11,417
NIGHT BROUGHT QUIET.

272
00:14:11,417 --> 00:14:14,119
"BUT OUT OF THAT SILENCE
ROSE NEW SOUNDS,

273
00:14:14,670 --> 00:14:17,923
"MORE APPALLING STILL--
STRANGE VENTRILOQUISM,

274
00:14:17,923 --> 00:14:20,626
"OF WHICH YOU COULD NOT
LOCATE THE SOURCE.

275
00:14:20,626 --> 00:14:23,879
"A SMOTHERED MOAN,

276
00:14:23,879 --> 00:14:26,599
"AS IF A THOUSAND DISCORDS
WERE FLOWING TOGETHER

277
00:14:26,599 --> 00:14:28,767
"INTO A KEYNOTE--

278
00:14:28,767 --> 00:14:30,936
"WEIRD, UNEARTHLY,
TERRIBLE TO HEAR AND BEAR,

279
00:14:31,470 --> 00:14:34,189
"YET STARTLING
WITH ITS NEARNESS.

280
00:14:35,808 --> 00:14:38,527
"THE WRITHING CONCORD
BROKEN BY CRIES FOR HELP.

281
00:14:38,527 --> 00:14:41,780
"SOME BEGGING FOR A DROP
OF WATER.

282
00:14:41,780 --> 00:14:43,949
"SOME CALLING ON GOD FOR PITY

283
00:14:43,949 --> 00:14:46,118
"AND SOME ON FRIENDLY HANDS
TO FINISH

284
00:14:46,652 --> 00:14:49,905
"WHAT THE ENEMY
HAD SO HORRIBLY BEGUN.

285
00:14:49,905 --> 00:14:52,625
"SOME WITH DELIRIOUS,
DREAMY VOICES

286
00:14:52,625 --> 00:14:53,709
"MURMURING LOVED NAMES

287
00:14:53,709 --> 00:14:58,047
AS IF THE DEAREST
WERE BENDING OVER THEM."

288
00:14:59,665 --> 00:15:02,918
"AND UNDERNEATH,
ALL THE TIME,

289
00:15:02,918 --> 00:15:07,256
"THE DEEP BASS NOTE
FROM CLOSED LIPS

290
00:15:07,256 --> 00:15:12,678
TOO HOPELESS OR TOO HEROIC
TO ARTICULATE THEIR AGONY."

291
00:15:14,847 --> 00:15:18,100
"AT LAST, OUTWEARIED
AND DEPRESSED,

292
00:15:18,651 --> 00:15:19,735
"I MOVED TWO DEAD MEN
A LITTLE

293
00:15:19,735 --> 00:15:21,904
"AND LAY DOWN
BETWEEN THEM,

294
00:15:21,904 --> 00:15:25,691
"MAKING A PILLOW
OF THE BREAST OF A THIRD,

295
00:15:25,691 --> 00:15:28,944
"DREW THE FLAP OF HIS OVERCOAT
OVER MY FACE

296
00:15:28,944 --> 00:15:30,579
"AND TRIED TO SLEEP.

297
00:15:30,579 --> 00:15:32,748
JOSHUA LAWRENCE CHAMBERLAIN."

298
00:15:35,451 --> 00:15:37,086
THEY WERE STUCK THERE
ALL NIGHT

299
00:15:37,086 --> 00:15:39,254
AND ALL THE NEXT DAY,

300
00:15:39,254 --> 00:15:41,957
CROUCHING BEHIND A WALL
OF THEIR OWN DEAD,

301
00:15:41,957 --> 00:15:44,126
TRYING NOT TO HEAR
THE CONFEDERATE BULLETS

302
00:15:44,126 --> 00:15:47,930
THUDDING INTO THE CORPSES
OF THEIR FRIENDS.

303
00:15:49,014 --> 00:15:51,717
BURNSIDE, OPENLY WEEPING,

304
00:15:51,717 --> 00:15:54,970
DECLARED THAT HE HIMSELF
WOULD LEAD THE NEW ATTACK.

305
00:15:55,521 --> 00:15:58,774
SUBORDINATES TALKED HIM
OUT OF IT.

306
00:15:58,774 --> 00:16:02,561
THAT NIGHT, CHAMBERLAIN
AND HIS MEN

307
00:16:02,561 --> 00:16:05,280
SCRAPED OUT SHALLOW GRAVES
FOR THE DEAD.

308
00:16:05,814 --> 00:16:06,899
AS THEY WORKED,

309
00:16:06,899 --> 00:16:09,068
THE NORTHERN LIGHTS
BEGAN TO DANCE

310
00:16:09,068 --> 00:16:11,236
IN THE WINTER SKY.

311
00:16:11,236 --> 00:16:15,040
"WHO WOULD NOT PASS ON
AS THEY DID?

312
00:16:15,040 --> 00:16:17,743
"DEAD FOR THEIR
COUNTRY'S LIFE

313
00:16:17,743 --> 00:16:19,912
"AND LIGHTED TO BURIAL
BY THE METEOR SPLENDORS

314
00:16:19,912 --> 00:16:21,547
OF THEIR NATIVE SKY."

315
00:16:25,884 --> 00:16:28,053
IT WAS VERY UNUSUAL
TO SEE THE NORTHERN LIGHTS

316
00:16:28,053 --> 00:16:29,672
THAT FAR SOUTH,

317
00:16:29,672 --> 00:16:32,925
BUT THE WHOLE HEAVENS WERE
LIT UP WITH STREAMERS OF FIRE,

318
00:16:32,925 --> 00:16:35,644
AND WHATEVER
THE NORTHERN LIGHTS ARE.

319
00:16:35,644 --> 00:16:38,897
AND THE CONFEDERATES
TOOK IT AS A SIGN

320
00:16:38,897 --> 00:16:40,516
THAT GOD ALMIGHTY HIMSELF

321
00:16:40,516 --> 00:16:43,235
WAS CELEBRATING
A CONFEDERATE VICTORY.

322
00:16:44,853 --> 00:16:46,488
"THE SLAUGHTER IS TERRIBLE,

323
00:16:46,488 --> 00:16:48,657
"THE RESULT, DISASTROUS.

324
00:16:48,657 --> 00:16:50,776
"UNTIL WE HAVE
GOOD GENERALS,

325
00:16:50,776 --> 00:16:54,029
IT IS USELESS
TO FIGHT BATTLES."

326
00:16:57,833 --> 00:17:02,705
THE UNION HAD LOST
12,600 MEN.

327
00:17:02,705 --> 00:17:05,958
THE SOUTH HAD LOST
5,300 MEN,

328
00:17:05,958 --> 00:17:08,677
BUT MANY OF THEM
WERE ONLY MISSING--

329
00:17:08,677 --> 00:17:11,930
GONE HOME FOR CHRISTMAS.

330
00:17:11,930 --> 00:17:16,802
THE BATTERED UNION ARMY
LIMPED BACK ACROSS THE RIVER.

331
00:17:16,802 --> 00:17:19,521
ICY RAIN BEGAN TO FALL.

332
00:17:19,521 --> 00:17:22,057
FROM THE RUINS
OF FREDERICKSBURG,

333
00:17:22,057 --> 00:17:24,777
CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS
OPENLY TAUNTED THE UNION TROOPS

334
00:17:25,310 --> 00:17:28,564
HUDDLED MISERABLY ON THE
FAR SIDE OF THE RAPPAHANNOCK.

335
00:17:33,986 --> 00:17:35,621
AFTER THE BATTLE
OF FREDERICKSBURG,

336
00:17:35,621 --> 00:17:37,790
THE CONFEDERATES WENT
BACK INTO THE TOWN.

337
00:17:37,790 --> 00:17:39,408
THEY SAW ALL THE DAMAGE
THAT HAD BEEN DONE

338
00:17:39,408 --> 00:17:41,577
DURING THE UNION OCCUPATION
OF THE TOWN--

339
00:17:41,577 --> 00:17:44,296
IT WAS A GREAT DEAL
OF DAMAGE, REAL VANDALISM--

340
00:17:44,296 --> 00:17:45,914
AND THEY WERE SHOCKED.

341
00:17:45,914 --> 00:17:48,083
AND SOMEONE
ON JACKSON'S STAFF SAID,

342
00:17:48,083 --> 00:17:49,718
"HOW ARE WE GOING
TO PUT AN END

343
00:17:49,718 --> 00:17:51,887
TO ALL THIS KIND
OF THING?"

344
00:17:52,421 --> 00:17:55,674
AND JACKSON SAID,
"KILL THEM. KILL THEM ALL."

345
00:18:01,080 --> 00:18:02,681
"CLARKSVILLE.

346
00:18:02,681 --> 00:18:05,934
"THOSE HATEFUL GUNBOATS.

347
00:18:05,934 --> 00:18:09,188
"THEY LOOKED LIKE THEY
WERE FROM THE LOWER REGIONS.

348
00:18:09,188 --> 00:18:10,823
"NOW THIS IS
THE SECOND NIGHT

349
00:18:10,823 --> 00:18:12,991
"THAT FOUR OF THEM HAVE BEEN
ANCHORED IN THE RIVER

350
00:18:12,991 --> 00:18:15,694
"OPPOSITE OUR HOUSE.

351
00:18:15,694 --> 00:18:18,413
"I SEE THE MEN CRAWLING
ABOUT ON THE BOATS

352
00:18:18,413 --> 00:18:21,667
"LIKE SO MANY BLACK SNAKES.

353
00:18:21,667 --> 00:18:23,836
NANNIE HASKINS."

354
00:18:23,836 --> 00:18:27,089
1,500 UNION MEN
WERE NOW STATIONED

355
00:18:27,089 --> 00:18:29,258
AT CLARKSVILLE, TENNESSEE.

356
00:18:29,258 --> 00:18:30,876
NO ONE COULD ENTER
OR LEAVE THE TOWN

357
00:18:30,876 --> 00:18:33,595
WITHOUT A MILITARY PASS.

358
00:18:33,595 --> 00:18:37,382
"EVERY DAY," MRS. D.N. KENNEDY
WROTE HER HUSBAND IN GEORGIA,

359
00:18:37,933 --> 00:18:40,102
"THE REIGNS ARE TIGHTENED."

360
00:18:44,439 --> 00:18:45,524
ON DEER ISLE, MAINE,

361
00:18:46,058 --> 00:18:48,227
THE PARENTS OF PRIVATE
HARLTON POWERS

362
00:18:48,227 --> 00:18:50,946
LEARNED THAT HE WAS AMONG
THE MISSING AT FREDERICKSBURG.

363
00:18:50,946 --> 00:18:54,733
IN FACT, HIS FELLOW SOLDIERS
WERE CERTAIN HE WAS DEAD,

364
00:18:54,733 --> 00:18:57,452
BUT HAD BEEN UNABLE
TO RECOGNIZE HIS BODY

365
00:18:57,452 --> 00:19:01,790
AMONG THE SWOLLEN,
BLACKENED UNION CORPSES.

366
00:19:01,790 --> 00:19:04,493
HIS FATHER PLACED A STONE
TO HIS MEMORY ANYWAY

367
00:19:04,493 --> 00:19:08,297
IN THE LITTLE CEMETERY
AT SOUTHWEST HARBOR.

368
00:19:08,297 --> 00:19:10,999
PRIVATE ALFRED ROBBINS,
AGE 20,

369
00:19:10,999 --> 00:19:12,634
COLLAPSED AND DIED WHILE
ON HIS WAY TO MAIL A LETTER

370
00:19:13,168 --> 00:19:15,888
MEANING MUD,

371
00:19:16,421 --> 00:19:18,590
THE CAUSE WAS NEVER
DISCOVERED.

372
00:19:18,590 --> 00:19:21,844
IN MARCH, CORPORAL
FARNUM HASKELL'S COFFIN

373
00:19:21,844 --> 00:19:23,478
CAME HOME
FROM LOUISIANA

374
00:19:23,478 --> 00:19:25,647
AND WAS BURIED
AT MOUNT ADAMS CEMETERY,

375
00:19:25,647 --> 00:19:28,901
DESPITE THE GREAT DIFFICULTY
OF DIGGING A GRAVE

376
00:19:28,901 --> 00:19:31,069
IN THE FROZEN GROUND.

377
00:19:37,576 --> 00:19:41,363
DURING THE LONG, COLD,
RAINY WINTER OF 1863,

378
00:19:41,363 --> 00:19:44,082
CONFEDERATE FORCES
HUDDLED IN DEFENSIVE POSITIONS

379
00:19:44,616 --> 00:19:47,870
SOUTH OF THE DUCK RIVER
NEAR TULLAHOMA, TENNESSEE.

380
00:19:47,870 --> 00:19:50,038
CONFEDERATE OFFICERS
LIKED TO EXPLAIN

381
00:19:50,038 --> 00:19:54,376
THAT TULLAHOMA CAME
FROM THE GREEK WO<i>TULLA,</i>

382
00:19:54,376 --> 00:19:57,095
A<i>HOMA,MA,</i>
<i>MEANING MORE MUD.</i>

383
00:19:58,714 --> 00:20:01,967
THE CONFEDERACY
WAS ON THE MOVE.

384
00:20:01,967 --> 00:20:04,686
CONFEDERATE GENERAL
JOHN C. PEMBERTON

385
00:20:04,686 --> 00:20:05,771
BEAT BACK UNION FORCES

386
00:20:07,389 --> 00:20:08,473
TRYING TO TAKE
THE CHICKASAW BLUFFS

387
00:20:08,473 --> 00:20:10,108
NORTH OF VICKSBURG.

388
00:20:10,108 --> 00:20:12,811
JOHN MORGAN'S
CONFEDERATE CAVALRY

389
00:20:12,811 --> 00:20:14,980
RAIDED KENTUCKY,
BURNING BRIDGES,

390
00:20:14,980 --> 00:20:16,064
TWISTING TRAIN TRACKS,

391
00:20:16,064 --> 00:20:20,402
AND TAKING 2,000
UNION PRISONERS.

392
00:20:20,402 --> 00:20:22,037
AND NATHAN BEDFORD FORREST

393
00:20:22,037 --> 00:20:25,290
WAS DRIVING THE UNION ARMY MAD
EVERYWHERE HE WENT--

394
00:20:25,290 --> 00:20:29,077
STEALING HORSES,
HARRYING SUPPLY LINES,

395
00:20:29,077 --> 00:20:31,797
ATTACKING ARMIES FOUR TIMES
THE STRENGTH OF HIS,

396
00:20:31,797 --> 00:20:34,499
THEN DISAPPEARING
WITHOUT A TRACE.

397
00:20:34,499 --> 00:20:38,303
IN TWO WEEKS, FORREST STOLE
10,000 RIFLES,

398
00:20:38,303 --> 00:20:40,472
WRECKED $3 MILLION
WORTH OF EQUIPMENT,

399
00:20:40,472 --> 00:20:42,641
CUT U.S. GRANT'S
LIFE LINES,

400
00:20:42,641 --> 00:20:44,810
AND FORCED HIM
TO RETREAT.

401
00:20:50,766 --> 00:20:51,316
WENT ABOARD THE BADLY HIT
<i>U.S.S. HARRIET LANE.</i>

402
00:20:51,850 --> 00:20:55,103
CAPTURED A UNION FLOTILLA
AT GALVESTON.

403
00:20:55,103 --> 00:20:56,738
AFTER THE BOMBARDMENT
WAS OVER,

404
00:20:57,272 --> 00:21:02,778
CONFEDERATE MAJOR A.M. LEA

405
00:21:02,778 --> 00:21:06,448
THERE HE FOUND HIS SON,
A FEDERAL LIEUTENANT,

406
00:21:06,448 --> 00:21:08,083
DYING ON THE DECK.

407
00:21:15,123 --> 00:21:17,843
"JANUARY 24,
NEAR FALMOUTH.

408
00:21:18,377 --> 00:21:21,096
"DAYLIGHT SHOWED
A STRANGE SCENE.

409
00:21:21,096 --> 00:21:24,349
"MEN, HORSES, ARTILLERY,
PONTOONS, AND WAGONS

410
00:21:24,349 --> 00:21:26,518
"WERE STUCK IN THE MUD.

411
00:21:27,052 --> 00:21:28,687
"REBELS PUT UP
A SIGN MARKED,

412
00:21:28,687 --> 00:21:30,856
<i>"BURNSIDE</i>
<i>STUCK IN THE MUD.</i>

413
00:21:30,856 --> 00:21:35,193
"WE CAN FIGHT REBELS
BUT NOT IN THE MUD.

414
00:21:35,193 --> 00:21:37,362
ELISHA HUNT RHODES."

415
00:21:50,909 --> 00:21:53,628
"I WISH YOU COULD HEAR
JOSHUA GIVE OFF A COMMAND

416
00:21:53,628 --> 00:21:55,247
"AND SEE HIM RIDE
ALONG THE BATTALION

417
00:21:55,797 --> 00:21:57,416
"ON HIS WHITE HORSE.

418
00:21:57,416 --> 00:21:59,584
"HE LOOKED SO SPLENDIDLY.

419
00:21:59,584 --> 00:22:01,219
"HE TOLD ME LAST NIGHT

420
00:22:01,219 --> 00:22:03,388
"THAT HE NEVER FELT
SO WELL IN HIS LIFE.

421
00:22:03,388 --> 00:22:05,557
TOM CHAMBERLAIN."

422
00:22:06,091 --> 00:22:07,726
"WHAT MAKES IT STRANGE

423
00:22:07,726 --> 00:22:09,895
"IS THAT I SHOULD HAVE
GAINED 12 POUNDS

424
00:22:09,895 --> 00:22:12,597
LIVING ON WORMS."

425
00:22:28,330 --> 00:22:32,000
"WE LIVE SO MEAN HERE
THAT HARD BREAD IS ALL WORM,

426
00:22:32,000 --> 00:22:33,618
"AND THE MEAT STINKS
LIKE HELL.

427
00:22:34,169 --> 00:22:35,787
"AND RICE TWO OR THREE TIMES
A WEEK,

428
00:22:35,787 --> 00:22:37,956
"AND WORMS
AS LONG AS YOUR FINGER.

429
00:22:37,956 --> 00:22:42,294
I LIKED RICE ONCE,
BUT GOD DAMN THE STUFF NOW."

430
00:22:42,844 --> 00:22:45,013
"IT WAS NO UNCOMMON
OCCURRENCE

431
00:22:45,013 --> 00:22:48,266
"FOR A MAN TO FIND THE SURFACE
OF HIS POT OF COFFEE

432
00:22:48,266 --> 00:22:49,885
"SWIMMING WITH WEEVILS

433
00:22:49,885 --> 00:22:52,604
"AFTER BREAKING UP
HARDTACK IN IT,

434
00:22:52,604 --> 00:22:54,773
"BUT THEY WERE EASILY
SKIMMED OFF

435
00:22:54,773 --> 00:22:58,560
AND LEFT NO DISTINCTIVE
FLAVOR BEHIND."

436
00:22:58,560 --> 00:23:01,813
"TELL MA THAT I THINK
OF HER BEANS AND COLLARDS OFTEN

437
00:23:01,813 --> 00:23:05,617
"AND WISH FOR SOME,
BUT WISHING DOES NO GOOD.

438
00:23:05,617 --> 00:23:08,320
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN JACKSON."

439
00:23:08,320 --> 00:23:11,573
UNION TROOPS WERE ISSUED
BEANS, BACON,

440
00:23:11,573 --> 00:23:14,292
PICKLED BEEF--
CALLED SALT HORSE BY THE MEN--

441
00:23:14,292 --> 00:23:16,995
DESICCATED, COMPRESSED
MIXED VEGETABLES,

442
00:23:16,995 --> 00:23:20,715
AND HARDTACK--SQUARE FLOUR
AND WATER BISCUITS

443
00:23:20,715 --> 00:23:24,503
HARD ENOUGH, SOME SAID,
THEY COULD STOP BULLETS.

444
00:23:24,503 --> 00:23:28,306
IN THE SOUTHERN ARMY,
YOU ATE SOMETHING CALLED SLOOSH.

445
00:23:28,306 --> 00:23:30,475
YOU GOT ISSUED
CORNMEAL AND BACON,

446
00:23:30,475 --> 00:23:32,094
AND YOU FRIED THE BACON,

447
00:23:32,094 --> 00:23:34,813
WHICH LEFT A GREAT DEAL
OF GREASE IN THE PAN.

448
00:23:34,813 --> 00:23:38,066
THEN YOU TOOK THE CORNMEAL

449
00:23:38,066 --> 00:23:39,151
TO MAKE THE DOUGH.

450
00:23:39,151 --> 00:23:42,270
THEN YOU MIGHT TAKE THE DOUGH
AND MAKE A SNAKE OF IT

451
00:23:42,270 --> 00:23:43,355
AND PUT IT
AROUND YOUR RAMROD

452
00:23:43,355 --> 00:23:45,524
AND COOK IT
OVER THE CAMPFIRE.

453
00:23:45,524 --> 00:23:47,692
THAT WAS CALLED SLOOSH.

454
00:23:47,692 --> 00:23:49,861
THEY ATE A LOT OF THAT.

455
00:23:49,861 --> 00:23:54,749
COFFEE WAS THE PREFERRED DRINK
OF BOTH ARMIES.

456
00:23:54,749 --> 00:23:58,003
UNION TROOPS CRUSHED THE BEANS
WITH THEIR RIFLE BUTTS,

457
00:23:58,003 --> 00:24:00,705
DRANK FOUR PINTS
OF IT A DAY--

458
00:24:00,705 --> 00:24:04,509
STRONG ENOUGH, ONE MAN SAID,
TO FLOAT AN IRON WEDGE.

459
00:24:04,509 --> 00:24:07,212
WHEN THEY COULD
NOT BUILD A FIRE,

460
00:24:07,212 --> 00:24:09,381
WERE CONTENT
TO CHEW THE GROUNDS.

461
00:24:09,931 --> 00:24:12,100
SOUTHERNERS MADE DO
WITH SUBSTITUTES

462
00:24:12,100 --> 00:24:16,972
BREWED FROM PEANUTS,
POTATOES, AND CHICORY.

463
00:24:16,972 --> 00:24:19,691
"WE HAVE BEEN LIVING
ON THE CONTENTS

464
00:24:19,691 --> 00:24:21,860
"OF THOSE BOXES
YOU SENT TO US.

465
00:24:21,860 --> 00:24:24,563
"NOTHING WAS SPOILED
EXCEPT THAT CARD OF BISCUITS.

466
00:24:24,563 --> 00:24:25,530
"THOSE WERE MOLDED SOME,

467
00:24:25,530 --> 00:24:28,233
"BUT WE USED OVER HALF
OF THEM IN A SOUP.

468
00:24:28,233 --> 00:24:30,402
"THANK MR. BERDICTS
A THOUSAND TIMES FOR ME.

469
00:24:30,402 --> 00:24:30,952
"AND THE DRIED BEEF
AND APPLESAUCE--

470
00:24:30,952 --> 00:24:33,121
"ALSO MRS. MAXSON
FOR THOSE PIES,

471
00:24:33,121 --> 00:24:35,824
"AND THOSE FRIED CAKES
AND GINGERSNAPS

472
00:24:36,908 --> 00:24:40,162
"AND THE DRIED BERRIES,
THEY'RE NICE,

473
00:24:40,162 --> 00:24:41,796
THAT WAS FIRST-RATE."

474
00:24:44,916 --> 00:24:48,720
"NO ONE AGENT SO MUCH
OBSTRUCTS THIS ARMY

475
00:24:49,254 --> 00:24:51,973
"AS THE DEGRADING VICE
OF DRUNKENNESS.

476
00:24:51,973 --> 00:24:54,676
"TOTAL ABSTINENCE WOULD BE
WORTH 50,000 MEN

477
00:24:54,676 --> 00:24:57,929
"TO THE ARMIES
OF THE UNITED STATES.

478
00:24:57,929 --> 00:25:00,649
GENERAL GEORGE McCLELLAN."

479
00:25:00,649 --> 00:25:04,436
IF A SOLDIER COULDN'T BUY IT,
HE MADE IT.

480
00:25:04,436 --> 00:25:07,689
ONE UNION RECIPE
CALLED FOR BARK JUICE,

481
00:25:07,689 --> 00:25:09,324
TAR WATER, TURPENTINE,
BROWN SUGAR,

482
00:25:09,324 --> 00:25:12,027
LAMP OIL, AND ALCOHOL.

483
00:25:12,027 --> 00:25:14,746
SOUTHERNERS SOMETIMES
DROPPED IN RAW MEAT

484
00:25:14,746 --> 00:25:17,449
AND LET THE MIXTURE FERMENT
FOR A MONTH OR SO

485
00:25:17,999 --> 00:25:19,084
TO ADD WHAT ONE VETERAN
REMEMBERED

486
00:25:19,084 --> 00:25:22,871
AS "AN OLD
AND MELLOW TASTE."

487
00:25:22,871 --> 00:25:26,675
THE MEN CALLED THEIR HOME BREW
"NOCKUM STIFF,"

488
00:25:26,675 --> 00:25:29,377
"POP SKULL,"
AND "OH! BE JOYFUL."

489
00:25:32,631 --> 00:25:34,799
"I INVITED MY COMRADES
TO ASSIST ME

490
00:25:34,799 --> 00:25:38,053
"IN EMPTYING THREE CANTEENS
OF OH! BE JOYFUL,

491
00:25:38,053 --> 00:25:41,306
"THEN SPENT THE BALANCE
OF THE EVENING SINGING.

492
00:25:41,306 --> 00:25:44,025
THEN WE PARTED
IN GOOD SPIRITS."

493
00:25:48,363 --> 00:25:52,150
IN MARCH 1863, JOHN MOSBY'S
CONFEDERATE RANGERS

494
00:25:52,150 --> 00:25:54,319
RAIDED FAIRFAX COURTHOUSE,
VIRGINIA,

495
00:25:54,319 --> 00:25:55,403
CAPTURING TWO CAPTAINS,

496
00:25:55,403 --> 00:25:58,123
30 PRIVATES, 58 HORSES,

497
00:25:58,123 --> 00:26:01,910
AND BRIGADIER GENERAL
EDWIN STOUGHTON.

498
00:26:01,910 --> 00:26:04,079
"FOR THAT I AM SORRY,"
LINCOLN SAID

499
00:26:04,079 --> 00:26:06,248
WHEN TOLD OF THE CAPTURE,

500
00:26:06,248 --> 00:26:07,882
"FOR I CAN MAKE
BRIGADIER GENERALS,

501
00:26:07,882 --> 00:26:11,136
BUT I CAN'T MAKE HORSES."

502
00:26:11,136 --> 00:26:13,838
GENERAL MOSBY
HAD MADE LIFE MISERABLE

503
00:26:13,838 --> 00:26:16,558
FOR NORTHERN COMMANDERS
THROUGHOUT THE WAR.

504
00:26:16,558 --> 00:26:19,811
NO OTHER CONFEDERATE OFFICER
WAS MENTIONED FAVORABLY

505
00:26:19,811 --> 00:26:22,497
AS MANY TIMES
IN ROBERT E. LEE'S DISPATCHES

506
00:26:22,497 --> 00:26:25,533
AS JOHN SINGLETON MOSBY.

507
00:26:25,533 --> 00:26:28,136
[SHELBY FOOTE]
THERE WERE NO MEDALS IN THE CONFEDERATE ARMY--

508
00:26:28,570 --> 00:26:30,739
NOT ONE IN THE WHOLE
COURSE OF THE WAR.

509
00:26:31,172 --> 00:26:33,775
THE CONFEDERATE REASON
FOR THAT GIVEN

510
00:26:33,775 --> 00:26:35,410
WAS THAT THEY
WERE ALL HEROES,

511
00:26:35,410 --> 00:26:37,579
AND IT WOULD NOT DO
TO SINGLE ANYONE OUT.

512
00:26:38,113 --> 00:26:40,282
THEY WERE NOT ALL HEROES,

513
00:26:40,282 --> 00:26:44,619
BUT THERE WAS A SUGGESTION,
MADE TO LEE

514
00:26:44,619 --> 00:26:46,254
THAT THERE BE
A ROLL OF HONOR

515
00:26:46,254 --> 00:26:48,423
FOR THE ARMY
OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA.

516
00:26:48,423 --> 00:26:50,592
LEE DISALLOWED IT.

517
00:26:50,592 --> 00:26:52,761
THE HIGHEST HONOR YOU COULD GET
IN THE CONFEDERATE ARMY

518
00:26:52,761 --> 00:26:55,463
WAS TO BE MENTIONED
IN DISPATCHES.

519
00:26:55,463 --> 00:26:59,801
THAT WAS CONSIDERED
ABSOLUTELY ENOUGH.

520
00:27:03,054 --> 00:27:05,223
"MARCH 5, 1863.

521
00:27:05,223 --> 00:27:07,392
"THE ARM OF THE SLAVES

522
00:27:07,392 --> 00:27:09,027
"IS THE BEST DEFENSE

523
00:27:09,561 --> 00:27:11,730
"AGAINST THE ARM
OF THE SLAVE HOLDER.

524
00:27:11,730 --> 00:27:13,815
"WHO WOULD BE FREE
THEMSELVES

525
00:27:13,815 --> 00:27:15,984
"MUST STRIKE THE BLOW.

526
00:27:15,984 --> 00:27:19,788
"I URGE YOU
TO FLY TO ARMS

527
00:27:20,322 --> 00:27:21,406
"AND SMITE WITH DEATH

528
00:27:21,406 --> 00:27:23,041
"THE POWER THAT WOULD
BURY THE GOVERNMENT

529
00:27:23,041 --> 00:27:24,659
"AND YOUR LIBERTY

530
00:27:24,659 --> 00:27:27,379
"IN THE SAME HOPELESS GRAVE.

531
00:27:27,379 --> 00:27:31,166
"THIS IS OUR GOLDEN
OPPORTUNITY.

532
00:27:32,801 --> 00:27:34,419
FREDERICK DOUGLASS."

533
00:27:36,054 --> 00:27:38,223
"THE COLORED POPULATION

534
00:27:38,223 --> 00:27:42,010
"IS THE GREAT AVAILABLE,
AND YET UNAVAILED OF, FORCE

535
00:27:42,010 --> 00:27:43,645
"FOR RESTORING THE UNION.

536
00:27:44,179 --> 00:27:47,432
"THE BARE SIGHT OF 50,000
ARMED AND DRILLED BLACK SOLDIERS

537
00:27:47,432 --> 00:27:49,601
"UPON THE BANKS
OF THE MISSISSIPPI

538
00:27:49,601 --> 00:27:52,320
"WOULD END
THE REBELLION AT ONCE,

539
00:27:52,320 --> 00:27:55,023
"AND WHO DOUBTS THAT WE
CAN PRESENT THAT SIGHT

540
00:27:55,023 --> 00:27:58,276
"IF WE BUT TAKE HOLD
IN EARNEST?

541
00:27:58,276 --> 00:27:59,911
ABRAHAM LINCOLN."

542
00:28:01,529 --> 00:28:06,901
THE PEOPLE MOST AFFECTED
BY THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION

543
00:28:06,901 --> 00:28:10,155
OBVIOUSLY DID NOT
RECEIVE IT AS NEWS

544
00:28:10,155 --> 00:28:11,790
BECAUSE THEY KNEW
BEFORE LINCOLN KNEW

545
00:28:11,790 --> 00:28:14,492
THAT THE WAR
WAS ABOUT EMANCIPATION,

546
00:28:14,492 --> 00:28:16,661
AND MOREOVER, THEY KNEW,

547
00:28:16,661 --> 00:28:19,914
AS PERHAPS LINCOLN DID
WITHOUT FULLY REALIZING IT

548
00:28:19,914 --> 00:28:23,168
AND CERTAINLY AS MANY PEOPLE
TODAY DO NOT REALIZE,

549
00:28:23,168 --> 00:28:25,887
THAT THE EMANCIPATION
PROCLAMATION DID NOTHING

550
00:28:25,887 --> 00:28:27,505
TO GET THEM
THEIR FREEDOM.

551
00:28:28,056 --> 00:28:29,140
IT SAID THAT
THEY HAD A RIGHT

552
00:28:29,674 --> 00:28:32,927
TO GO AND PUT THEIR BODIES
ON THE LINE

553
00:28:32,927 --> 00:28:35,096
IF THEY HAD THE NERVE
TO BELIEVE IN IT,

554
00:28:35,096 --> 00:28:39,401
AND MANY OF THEM HAD
THE NERVE TO BELIEVE IN IT,

555
00:28:39,401 --> 00:28:42,120
AND MANY SUFFERED
FOR THAT.

556
00:28:44,289 --> 00:28:46,374
TO LINCOLN,
IT WAS NOW CLEAR

557
00:28:46,374 --> 00:28:48,543
THAT HARSHER MEASURES
WERE NEEDED

558
00:28:48,543 --> 00:28:50,712
TO DESTROY
THE CONFEDERACY.

559
00:28:50,712 --> 00:28:52,330
HE CALLED
FOR MORE TROOPS,

560
00:28:52,330 --> 00:28:53,965
AND IN FEBRUARY,

561
00:28:53,965 --> 00:28:56,668
PUSHED A CONSCRIPTION ACT
THROUGH CONGRESS.

562
00:28:56,668 --> 00:28:59,387
THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
HAD ALREADY AUTHORIZED

563
00:28:59,387 --> 00:29:02,640
THE ARMING
OF FREED SLAVES.

564
00:29:02,640 --> 00:29:04,809
"AS TO THE POLITICS
OF WASHINGTON,

565
00:29:04,809 --> 00:29:05,894
"THE MOST STRIKING THING

566
00:29:05,894 --> 00:29:08,596
"IS THE ABSENCE OF PERSONAL
LOYALTY TO THE PRESIDENT.

567
00:29:08,596 --> 00:29:10,231
"IT DOES NOT EXIST.

568
00:29:10,231 --> 00:29:12,934
"HE HAS NO ADMIRERS,
NO ENTHUSIASTIC SUPPORTERS,

569
00:29:13,485 --> 00:29:16,187
NO ONE TO BET
ON HIS HEAD."

570
00:29:16,187 --> 00:29:18,907
THE FALL ELECTIONS
HAD NOT GONE WELL.

571
00:29:18,907 --> 00:29:21,609
FREDERICKSBURG
ONLY MADE MATTERS WORSE.

572
00:29:21,609 --> 00:29:24,863
IN WASHINGTON, TALK
OF THE DISASTER WAS EVERYWHERE.

573
00:29:24,863 --> 00:29:27,031
"IF THERE IS
A WORSE PLACE THAN HELL,"

574
00:29:27,031 --> 00:29:30,835
LINCOLN TOLD A VISITOR,
"I'M IN IT."

575
00:29:30,835 --> 00:29:33,538
THE SINGLE MOST UNPOPULAR ACT
OF LINCOLN'S ADMINISTRATION

576
00:29:33,538 --> 00:29:35,707
WAS THE EMANCIPATION
PROCLAMATION.

577
00:29:35,707 --> 00:29:38,426
IT NOT ONLY WAS HORRIBLY
UNPOPULAR IN THE CONFEDERACY,

578
00:29:38,426 --> 00:29:40,595
WHERE JEFFERSON DAVIS
CALLED IT

579
00:29:40,595 --> 00:29:42,213
"THE MOST WICKED THING

580
00:29:42,213 --> 00:29:44,382
THAT THE DARK SIDE OF HUMANKIND
HAD EVER CAME UP WITH,"

581
00:29:44,382 --> 00:29:47,051
BUT MILLIONS OF NORTHERNERS
RESPONDED TO IT AS WELL.

582
00:29:47,051 --> 00:29:49,220
THEY DID NOT
REALLY WANT THE--

583
00:29:49,220 --> 00:29:51,389
A GREAT MANY NORTHERNERS
DID NOT WANT THE WAR

584
00:29:51,389 --> 00:29:53,558
TO BE CHANGED TO A WAR
OVER SLAVE LIBERATION.

585
00:29:53,558 --> 00:29:58,346
OPPOSITION TO THE WAR
WAS SPREADING,

586
00:29:58,346 --> 00:30:00,515
ESPECIALLY AMONG DEMOCRATS
IN THE HEARTLAND--

587
00:30:00,515 --> 00:30:03,234
MICHIGAN, OHIO,
IOWA, INDIANA,

588
00:30:03,234 --> 00:30:07,021
AND THE SOUTHERN HALF
OF LINCOLN'S OWN ILLINOIS.

589
00:30:07,021 --> 00:30:09,190
THE PROCLAMATION IGNITED
AN ANTIWAR MOVEMENT

590
00:30:09,190 --> 00:30:11,359
IN THE NORTH.

591
00:30:11,359 --> 00:30:14,612
ALL BUT 35 MEN
OF THE 138th ILLINOIS

592
00:30:14,612 --> 00:30:17,332
DESERTED
OVER EMANCIPATION,

593
00:30:17,332 --> 00:30:18,416
DECLARING THEY WOULD LIE
IN THE WOODS

594
00:30:18,950 --> 00:30:21,669
UNTIL MOSS GREW
ON THEIR BACKS

595
00:30:21,669 --> 00:30:24,923
RATHER THAN HELP
FREE THE SLAVES.

596
00:30:24,923 --> 00:30:28,710
GROUPS WITH NAMES LIKE
THE KNIGHTS OF THE GOLDEN CIRCLE

597
00:30:28,710 --> 00:30:30,345
AND SONS OF LIBERTY
MET IN SECRET

598
00:30:30,345 --> 00:30:33,598
AND MUTTERED OF FORCING
AN END TO THE WAR.

599
00:30:33,598 --> 00:30:35,216
THEIR ENEMIES
CALLED THEM COPPERHEADS,

600
00:30:35,216 --> 00:30:38,469
AND THEY WORE ON THEIR LAPELS
THE HEAD OF LIBERTY,

601
00:30:38,469 --> 00:30:40,104
SNIPPED FROM A COPPER PENNY.

602
00:30:40,104 --> 00:30:43,892
THEIR LEADER WAS CONGRESSMAN
CLEMENT VALLANDIGHAM OF OHIO.

603
00:30:43,892 --> 00:30:46,060
LINCOLN HAD HIM
THROWN IN JAIL

604
00:30:46,060 --> 00:30:49,314
AND LATER BANISHED
TO THE CONFEDERACY.

605
00:30:49,314 --> 00:30:53,117
"YOU HAVE NOT CONQUERED
THE SOUTH. YOU NEVER WILL.

606
00:30:53,117 --> 00:30:55,820
"WAR FOR THE UNION
WAS ABANDONED.

607
00:30:55,820 --> 00:30:58,540
"WAR FOR THE NEGRO
OPENLY BEGUN

608
00:30:58,540 --> 00:31:01,793
"AND WITH STRONGER BATTALIONS
THAN BEFORE.

609
00:31:02,327 --> 00:31:05,046
"WITH WHAT SUCCESS?

610
00:31:05,046 --> 00:31:08,299
LET THE DEAD
AT FREDERICKSBURG ANSWER."

611
00:31:10,468 --> 00:31:13,721
ALL OF THESE THINGS
BORE IN ON HIM,

612
00:31:13,721 --> 00:31:16,424
PLUS THE FACT THAT THE SOUTH
HAD A STRONG ARMY

613
00:31:16,424 --> 00:31:18,059
AND A GOOD LEADERSHIP,

614
00:31:18,059 --> 00:31:20,762
BUT THEN HE WOULD PICK UP
A RICHMOND NEWSPAPER,

615
00:31:20,762 --> 00:31:22,397
AND HE'D SAY,
"HERE'S WHAT THEY'RE SAYING

616
00:31:22,397 --> 00:31:24,015
"ABOUT JEFF DAVIS...DOWN HERE.

617
00:31:24,015 --> 00:31:25,650
YOU KNOW,
I DON'T LOOK SO BAD."

618
00:31:25,650 --> 00:31:28,903
BECAUSE THE SOUTH
HAD A FREE PRESS, TOO.

619
00:31:28,903 --> 00:31:29,988
AND HE REALIZED, YOU KNOW,

620
00:31:29,988 --> 00:31:33,775
THAT JEFF WAS NOT DOING
ANY BETTER THAN HE WAS

621
00:31:33,775 --> 00:31:36,978
DAVIS WAS WALKING DOWN
THE STREET IN RICHMOND ONE DAY, AS FAR AS THEY WERE CONCERNED.

622
00:31:36,978 --> 00:31:38,062
AND A CONFEDERATE SOLDIER,

623
00:31:38,062 --> 00:31:41,316
WHO WAS IN RICHMOND
ON FURLOUGH, PASSED HIM

624
00:31:41,316 --> 00:31:43,484
AND STOPPED HIM
AND SAID,

625
00:31:44,035 --> 00:31:46,738
"SIR, MISTER,
BE YOU JEFFERSON DAVIS?"

626
00:31:46,738 --> 00:31:49,424
DAVIS SAID
THAT HE WAS.

627
00:31:49,958 --> 00:31:51,042
THE SOLDIER SAID,
"WELL, I THOUGHT SO.

628
00:31:51,042 --> 00:31:54,295
YOU LOOK SO MUCH LIKE
A CONFEDERATE POSTAGE STAMP."

629
00:32:06,274 --> 00:32:07,892
JEFFERSON DAVIS
WAS TRYING TO WIN A WAR

630
00:32:07,892 --> 00:32:11,145
WHILE FORGING A NATION
OUT OF 11 STATES

631
00:32:11,145 --> 00:32:13,314
SUSPICIOUS OF
EVEN THE MOST TRIVIAL MOVE

632
00:32:13,314 --> 00:32:16,034
TOWARD CENTRALIZED
GOVERNMENT.

633
00:32:16,034 --> 00:32:19,287
WHEN DAVIS CALLED FOR A DAY
OF NATIONAL FASTING,

634
00:32:19,287 --> 00:32:21,456
THE GOVERNOR OF GEORGIA
IGNORED IT,

635
00:32:21,456 --> 00:32:24,709
THEN NAMED A DIFFERENT FAST DAY
OF HIS OWN.

636
00:32:24,709 --> 00:32:26,878
"I ENTERED
INTO THIS REVOLUTION

637
00:32:26,878 --> 00:32:27,962
"TO CONTRIBUTE MY MIGHT

638
00:32:28,496 --> 00:32:30,131
"TO SUSTAIN
THE RIGHTS OF STATES

639
00:32:30,131 --> 00:32:32,834
"AND TO PREVENT CONSOLIDATION
OF THE GOVERNMENT.

640
00:32:32,834 --> 00:32:36,638
"AND I AM STILL A REBEL,
NO MATTER WHO MAY BE IN POWER.

641
00:32:36,638 --> 00:32:40,975
GOVERNOR JOSEPH BROWN
OF GEORGIA."

642
00:32:40,975 --> 00:32:45,847
"THE CONFEDERACY HAS BEEN DONE
TO DEATH BY POLITICIANS.

643
00:32:46,397 --> 00:32:48,016
MARY CHESNUT."

644
00:32:48,016 --> 00:32:51,269
"PARDON ME," A SOUTH CAROLINIAN
WROTE HIS CONGRESSMAN,

645
00:32:51,819 --> 00:32:55,073
"IS THE MAJORITY
ALWAYS DRUNK?"

646
00:32:55,073 --> 00:32:57,241
VICE PRESIDENT
ALEXANDER STEPHENS

647
00:32:57,241 --> 00:32:59,944
BELIEVED DAVIS
WEAK AND VACILLATING,

648
00:32:59,944 --> 00:33:02,664
TIMID, PETULANT,
PEEVISH, OBSTINATE.

649
00:33:02,664 --> 00:33:07,001
STEPHENS LEFT RICHMOND IN 1862,
RARELY TO RETURN.

650
00:33:09,170 --> 00:33:11,873
"I MAKE NO TERMS,"
DAVIS ONCE SAID.

651
00:33:11,873 --> 00:33:14,042
"I ACCEPT
NO COMPROMISE."

652
00:33:14,042 --> 00:33:16,210
HE REFUSED
TO UNBEND IN PUBLIC

653
00:33:16,210 --> 00:33:19,464
OR TO CURRY FAVOR
WITH THE PRESS.

654
00:33:20,014 --> 00:33:22,717
PRIVATELY, HE COMMUTED
NEARLY EVERY DEATH SENTENCE

655
00:33:22,717 --> 00:33:25,436
FOR DESERTION
THAT REACHED HIS DESK,

656
00:33:25,436 --> 00:33:28,139
EXPLAINING THAT
THE POOREST USE OF A SOLDIER

657
00:33:28,139 --> 00:33:30,858
WAS TO SHOOT HIM.

658
00:33:30,858 --> 00:33:35,196
HE'S OFTEN DESCRIBED
AS A BLOODLESS PEDANT,

659
00:33:35,196 --> 00:33:37,899
A MAN WHO FILLED
ALL HIS TIME

660
00:33:37,899 --> 00:33:41,703
WITH SMALL TIME PAPERWORK
AND NEVER ANYTHING ELSE,

661
00:33:41,703 --> 00:33:44,956
AN ICY-COLD MAN
WHO HAD NO FRIENDLINESS IN HIM.

662
00:33:44,956 --> 00:33:47,658
I FOUND THE OPPOSITE
TO BE TRUE

663
00:33:47,658 --> 00:33:49,293
IN ALL THOSE RESPECTS.

664
00:33:49,293 --> 00:33:52,547
DAVIS WAS AN OUTGOING,
FRIENDLY MAN,

665
00:33:52,547 --> 00:33:53,631
A GREAT FAMILY MAN--

666
00:33:53,631 --> 00:33:56,334
LOVED HIS WIFE
AND CHILDREN--

667
00:33:56,884 --> 00:33:59,053
AN INFINITE STORE
OF COMPASSION.

668
00:33:59,053 --> 00:34:01,222
LEE SAID IT BEST--

669
00:34:01,222 --> 00:34:03,391
HE SAID, "I DON'T THINK
ANYONE COULD NAME ANYONE

670
00:34:03,391 --> 00:34:05,560
"WHO COULD HAVE DONE
A BETTER JOB THAN DAVIS DID.

671
00:34:05,560 --> 00:34:07,729
"AND I PERSONALLY
DON'T KNOW OF ANYONE

672
00:34:07,729 --> 00:34:09,347
WHO COULD HAVE DONE
AS GOOD A JOB."

673
00:34:09,897 --> 00:34:10,431
THAT'S FROM ROBERT E. LEE,

674
00:34:10,982 --> 00:34:13,684
WHICH IS
PRETTY GOOD AUTHORITY.

675
00:34:13,684 --> 00:34:18,022
DAVIS MAY WELL HAVE BEEN
THE ONLY SOUTHERNER

676
00:34:18,022 --> 00:34:20,191
WHO UNDERSTOOD
SOUTHERN NATIONALITY,

677
00:34:20,191 --> 00:34:23,444
WHO UNDERSTOOD WHAT SACRIFICES
HAD TO BE MADE

678
00:34:23,444 --> 00:34:26,164
IF THE CONFEDERACY WAS EVER
GOING TO GEL AS A NATION.

679
00:34:26,164 --> 00:34:29,951
HE KEPT SAYING, "I NEED THE KIND
OF POWERS THAT LINCOLN GOT.

680
00:34:29,951 --> 00:34:32,120
"I NEED THE KIND OF RESOURCES
THAT HE GOT IN THE DRAFT LAWS.

681
00:34:32,120 --> 00:34:33,755
"I NEED TO BE ABLE TO SUSPEND

682
00:34:33,755 --> 00:34:35,373
THE WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS
LIKE HE DID."

683
00:34:36,457 --> 00:34:38,092
HE WOULD HAVE SAID,

684
00:34:38,092 --> 00:34:40,261
"WE CAN'T LIVE BY THE DOGMAS
OF THE QUIET PAST ANY LONGER."

685
00:34:40,261 --> 00:34:41,345
HE DIDN'T SAY THAT,
BUT HE ACTED THAT OUT.

686
00:34:41,345 --> 00:34:43,514
HE SAID, "I HAVE TO
BE GIVEN THE KINDS--

687
00:34:43,514 --> 00:34:45,133
"THIS CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT

688
00:34:45,133 --> 00:34:47,301
NEEDS THE KIND OF NATIONAL
AUTHORITY--NATIONAL POWER

689
00:34:47,852 --> 00:34:50,021
THAT THE UNION HAD
IN ORDER TO WIN."

690
00:34:50,021 --> 00:34:51,105
AND THEY DIDN'T GET IT

691
00:34:51,105 --> 00:34:54,358
BECAUSE STATES' RIGHTS
HELPED KILL THE CONFEDERACY.

692
00:34:54,892 --> 00:34:59,230
A SINGLE CAKE OF SOAP
NOW COST $1.10--

693
00:34:59,230 --> 00:35:02,483
1/10 OF A SOLDIER'S
MONTHLY PAY.

694
00:35:03,034 --> 00:35:04,652
AT THE BEGINNING OF 1863,

695
00:35:04,652 --> 00:35:08,990
A BARREL OF FLOUR
COST $70 IN THE SOUTH.

696
00:35:08,990 --> 00:35:12,794
BY YEAR'S END,
IT COST $250.

697
00:35:12,794 --> 00:35:16,047
THE CONFEDERATE TREASURY
CRANKED OUT MILLIONS OF DOLLARS

698
00:35:16,047 --> 00:35:18,749
IN NOTES
UNBACKED BY GOLD.

699
00:35:18,749 --> 00:35:20,918
SOUTHERN PRINTING
WAS SO PRIMITIVE

700
00:35:20,918 --> 00:35:23,638
THAT COUNTERFEITERS
WERE SOMETIMES CAUGHT

701
00:35:23,638 --> 00:35:26,340
BECAUSE THEIR WORK
WAS TOO GOOD.

702
00:35:26,891 --> 00:35:29,060
BY 1862 AND 1863,
THE SOUTH SUFFERED

703
00:35:29,060 --> 00:35:32,313
FROM TERRIBLE
INFLATIONARY CURRENCY.

704
00:35:32,313 --> 00:35:35,016
WHAT WAS REALLY AT A PREMIUM
WAS A UNION GOLD DOLLAR.

705
00:35:35,016 --> 00:35:37,185
SO THAT THE CONFEDERATE PEOPLE

706
00:35:37,185 --> 00:35:37,735
COULD NEVER GET AWAY
FROM THE UNION,

707
00:35:37,735 --> 00:35:40,988
NOT EVEN ECONOMICALLY.

708
00:35:40,988 --> 00:35:43,691
"IF THE CONFEDERACY
IS DEFEATED,

709
00:35:43,691 --> 00:35:46,410
"IT WILL BE
BY THE PEOPLE AT HOME.

710
00:35:46,410 --> 00:35:48,579
ATLANTA SOUTHERN
CONFEDERACY."

711
00:35:50,198 --> 00:35:53,451
THOUSANDS OF WOMEN,
INFURIATED BY SOARING PRICES,

712
00:35:53,451 --> 00:35:55,620
STORMED THROUGH
DOWNTOWN RICHMOND SHOPS,

713
00:35:55,620 --> 00:35:57,255
SMASHING WINDOWS

714
00:35:57,255 --> 00:36:00,508
AND GATHERING UP ARMFULS
OF FOOD AND CLOTHING.

715
00:36:00,508 --> 00:36:02,677
TROOPS TRIED
TO STOP THEM,

716
00:36:02,677 --> 00:36:06,464
AND JEFFERSON DAVIS
HIMSELF CAME OUT,

717
00:36:06,464 --> 00:36:08,633
THROWING WHAT MONEY HE HAD
IN HIS POCKETS TO THE CROWD

718
00:36:08,633 --> 00:36:10,268
AND BEGGING THEM
TO BLAME THE YANKEES,

719
00:36:10,268 --> 00:36:12,970
NOT THE GOVERNMENT.

720
00:36:12,970 --> 00:36:15,139
THEN HE WARNED THE TROOPS
WOULD OPEN FIRE

721
00:36:15,139 --> 00:36:17,308
IF THEY DID NOT DISPERSE.

722
00:36:17,308 --> 00:36:20,561
THE WOMEN
STRAGGLED HOME.

723
00:36:20,561 --> 00:36:23,814
"PATRIOTIC PLANTERS
WOULD WILLINGLY PUT

724
00:36:23,814 --> 00:36:25,983
"THEIR OWN FLESH AND BLOOD
INTO THE ARMY,

725
00:36:25,983 --> 00:36:28,069
"BUT WHEN THEY WERE ASKED
FOR A NEGRO,

726
00:36:28,069 --> 00:36:30,238
"IT WAS LIKE DRAWING
AN EYETOOTH.

727
00:36:30,238 --> 00:36:34,041
SENATOR LOUIS T. WIGFALL,
TEXAS."

728
00:36:34,041 --> 00:36:35,660
FARMERS WERE CALLED UPON

729
00:36:35,660 --> 00:36:38,379
TO CONTRIBUTE
1/10 OF THEIR PRODUCE,

730
00:36:38,379 --> 00:36:39,997
AND THE CONFEDERATE ARMY
WAS EMPOWERED

731
00:36:39,997 --> 00:36:43,251
TO IMPRESS MALE SLAVES
AS LABORERS,

732
00:36:43,251 --> 00:36:46,504
PROVIDED A MONTHLY FEE WAS PAID
TO THEIR MASTERS.

733
00:36:46,504 --> 00:36:48,322
PLANTERS MOVED
THEIR SLAVES INLAND,

734
00:36:48,322 --> 00:36:51,792
AWAY FROM THE GOVERNMENT
AND THE FIGHTING.

735
00:36:51,792 --> 00:36:56,130
150,000 SLAVES WERE MARCHED
ALL THE WAY TO TEXAS.

736
00:36:56,130 --> 00:37:01,335
HUNDREDS, PERHAPS THOUSANDS,
DIED ALONG THE WAY.

737
00:37:02,353 --> 00:37:08,326
"WARTRACE, TENNESSEE,
JUNE 10, 1863.

738
00:37:08,326 --> 00:37:11,028
"I HAVE JUST HEARD
FROM HILLIARD'S LEGION.

739
00:37:11,028 --> 00:37:12,663
"THEY'RE DESERTING
EVERY DAY.

740
00:37:12,663 --> 00:37:14,832
"THEY SAY THEY DON'T GET
ENOUGH TO EAT.

741
00:37:14,832 --> 00:37:16,450
"I HAVE JUST BOUGHT ME
A TESTAMENT.

742
00:37:17,001 --> 00:37:18,619
"I GAVE $2.00 FOR IT.

743
00:37:18,619 --> 00:37:20,254
"EVERYTHING'S HIGH HERE.

744
00:37:20,254 --> 00:37:23,507
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
JACKSON."

745
00:37:24,592 --> 00:37:27,845
"I SAW A SIGHT TODAY
THAT MADE ME FEEL MIGHTY BAD.

746
00:37:27,845 --> 00:37:31,098
"I SAW A MAN
SHOT FOR DESERTING.

747
00:37:31,632 --> 00:37:32,717
"THERE WAS
24 GUNS AT HIM.

748
00:37:32,717 --> 00:37:35,436
"THEY SHOT HIM
ALL TO PIECES.

749
00:37:35,436 --> 00:37:37,054
"HE WENT HOME,
AND THEY BROUGHT HIM BACK,

750
00:37:37,054 --> 00:37:40,858
"AND THEN HE WENT HOME AGAIN,
SO THEY SHOT HIM FOR THAT.

751
00:37:40,858 --> 00:37:44,111
MARTHA, IT WAS ONE SIGHT
THAT I DID HATE TO SEE."

752
00:37:47,365 --> 00:37:48,449
BY THE END OF THE YEAR,

753
00:37:48,449 --> 00:37:51,702
2/5 OF THE SOUTHERN ARMY
WOULD BE ABSENT,

754
00:37:51,702 --> 00:37:53,871
WITH OR WITHOUT LEAVE.

755
00:37:53,871 --> 00:37:56,574
DESERTERS SOMETIMES
BANDED TOGETHER,

756
00:37:56,574 --> 00:38:00,378
OFTEN FED AND CLOTHED
BY UNION SYMPATHIZERS.

757
00:38:00,378 --> 00:38:04,715
IN NORTH CAROLINA,
THE PRO-UNION HEROES OF AMERICA

758
00:38:04,715 --> 00:38:07,418
HAD OVER 10,000 MEMBERS.

759
00:38:07,418 --> 00:38:09,053
BY THE END OF THE WAR,

760
00:38:09,053 --> 00:38:12,840
UNIONISTS FROM EVERY CONFEDERATE
STATE EXCEPT SOUTH CAROLINA

761
00:38:12,840 --> 00:38:15,009
HAD SENT REGIMENTS
TO THE NORTH.

762
00:38:17,178 --> 00:38:18,813
IN JONES COUNTY,
MISSISSIPPI,

763
00:38:18,813 --> 00:38:22,600
A GUERRILLA BAND RAN OFF
TAX COLLECTORS, BURNED BRIDGES,

764
00:38:22,600 --> 00:38:26,404
AND AMBUSHED CONFEDERATE COLUMNS
FOR THREE YEARS.

765
00:38:26,404 --> 00:38:29,106
REPORTERS
CALLED THE REGION

766
00:38:29,106 --> 00:38:31,826
THE KINGDOM OF JONES.

767
00:38:35,079 --> 00:38:37,248
"HOW I WISH
YOU COULD HEAR

768
00:38:37,248 --> 00:38:39,417
"THE MUSIC OF
THIS ENCAMPMENT TONIGHT.

769
00:38:39,417 --> 00:38:43,204
"JUST STAND OUT IN THE OPEN AIR
A LITTLE WHILE AND LISTEN.

770
00:38:43,204 --> 00:38:45,923
"ALL SEEMS HAPPY,
AND ALL SEEMS GAY,

771
00:38:45,923 --> 00:38:48,626
"BUT STILL, COULD YOU LOOK
INTO THEIR HEARTS,

772
00:38:48,626 --> 00:38:50,261
"YOU WOULD SEE THOUGHTS
OF THE LOVED ONES

773
00:38:50,261 --> 00:38:51,345
"THAT THEY'VE LEFT AT HOME

774
00:38:51,345 --> 00:38:54,598
"RISE ABOVE
THEIR MIRTH AND GAIETY.

775
00:38:54,598 --> 00:38:58,386
"YET THEY ARE CONTENTED,
THOUGH NOT HAPPY--

776
00:38:58,386 --> 00:39:01,639
"CONTENTED
TO DO THEIR DUTY,

777
00:39:01,639 --> 00:39:04,358
"CONTENTED TO BEAR
THEIR PART IN THIS WAR

778
00:39:04,358 --> 00:39:08,696
AND SING
SAD THOUGHTS AWAY."

779
00:39:08,696 --> 00:39:11,949
"DEAR FANNY,

780
00:39:11,949 --> 00:39:14,652
"I DON'T KNOW WHAT WE SHOULD
HAVE DONE WITHOUT OUR BAND.

781
00:39:14,652 --> 00:39:16,287
"IT'S ACKNOWLEDGED
BY EVERYONE

782
00:39:16,287 --> 00:39:18,456
"TO BE THE BEST
IN THE DIVISION.

783
00:39:18,456 --> 00:39:19,540
"EVERY NIGHT
ABOUT SUNDOWN,

784
00:39:20,074 --> 00:39:22,243
"GILMORE GIVES US
A SPLENDID CONCERT,

785
00:39:22,243 --> 00:39:24,962
"PLAYING SELECTIONS
FROM THE OPERAS,

786
00:39:24,962 --> 00:39:27,131
"SOME VERY PRETTY MARCHES,
QUICKSTEPS,

787
00:39:27,665 --> 00:39:29,834
WALTZES, AND THE LIKE."

788
00:39:46,650 --> 00:39:50,438
TROOPS SANG IN CAMP
AND ON THE WAY TO BATTLE.

789
00:39:50,438 --> 00:39:52,606
CONFEDERATES
FAVORE<i>DIXIEI</i>

790
00:39:52,606 --> 00:39:55,326
AN<i>THE BONNIE BLUE FLAG.</i>

791
00:39:59,113 --> 00:40:04,001
UNION SOLDIERS STILL PREFERRED
AN OLD METHODIST TUNE.

792
00:40:06,170 --> 00:40:08,873
MOSTLY THEY LIKED
SENTIMENTAL SONGS--

793
00:40:08,873 --> 00:40:11,592
<i>JUST BEFORE</i>
<i>THE BATTLE, MOTHER,</i>

794
00:40:11,592 --> 00:40:13,210
<i>THE VACANT CHAIR,</i>

795
00:40:13,210 --> 00:40:15,930
<i>ALL QUIET</i>
<i>ALONG THE POTOMAC,</i>

796
00:40:15,930 --> 00:40:18,099
AND  <i>HOME SWEET HOME.</i>

797
00:40:19,717 --> 00:40:22,436
IN MANY CAMPS, THE MEN
WERE FORBIDDEN TO PLAY

798
00:40:22,436 --> 00:40:25,139
A SONG CALLED
<i>WEEPING, SAD AND LONELY,</i>

799
00:40:25,139 --> 00:40:28,943
OFFICERS CONSIDERING IT
DESTRUCTIVE OF MORALE.

800
00:40:32,730 --> 00:40:34,899
BOTH SIDES
LOVED<i>LORENA.</i>

801
00:40:35,449 --> 00:40:37,618
<i>[LOPLAYS]</i>

802
00:41:44,852 --> 00:41:47,555
"APRIL 14, 1863,

803
00:41:47,555 --> 00:41:51,358
"RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER, VIRGINIA,
NEAR FRANKLIN'S CROSSING.

804
00:41:51,358 --> 00:41:54,612
"GENERAL THOMAS J. JACKSON CAME
DOWN TO THE RIVER BANK TODAY

805
00:41:57,865 --> 00:42:00,034
"WE RAISED OUR HATS
TO THE PARTY AND STRANGE TO SAY,

806
00:42:00,568 --> 00:42:03,287
"THE LADIES WAVED
THEIR HANDKERCHIEFS IN REPLY.

807
00:42:03,821 --> 00:42:05,990
"GENERAL JACKSON
TOOK HIS FIELD GLASSES

808
00:42:05,990 --> 00:42:08,158
"AND COOLLY SURVEYED
OUR PARTY.

809
00:42:08,158 --> 00:42:09,793
"WE COULD HAVE SHOT HIM
WITH A REVOLVER,

810
00:42:10,327 --> 00:42:11,962
"BUT WE HAVE
AN AGREEMENT

811
00:42:12,496 --> 00:42:14,131
"THAT NEITHER SIDE
WILL FIRE,

812
00:42:14,665 --> 00:42:19,553
"AS IT DOES NO GOOD
AND IN FACT, IS SIMPLY MURDER.

813
00:42:19,553 --> 00:42:21,722
ELISHA HUNT RHODES."

814
00:42:34,184 --> 00:42:35,819
"GENERAL,
I HAVE PLACED YOU

815
00:42:35,819 --> 00:42:39,073
"AT THE HEAD OF THE ARMY
OF THE POTOMAC.

816
00:42:39,073 --> 00:42:41,242
"I'VE HEARD IN SUCH A WAY
AS TO BELIEVE IT

817
00:42:41,242 --> 00:42:44,495
"OF YOUR RECENTLY SAYING THAT
BOTH THE ARMY AND THE GOVERNMENT

818
00:42:45,029 --> 00:42:47,197
"NEEDED A DICTATOR.

819
00:42:47,197 --> 00:42:49,366
"OF COURSE,
IT WAS NOT FOR THIS

820
00:42:49,366 --> 00:42:52,620
"BUT IN SPITE OF THIS
THAT I'VE GIVEN YOU COMMAND.

821
00:42:52,620 --> 00:42:55,339
"ONLY THOSE GENERALS
WHO GAIN SUCCESSES

822
00:42:55,873 --> 00:42:58,042
"CAN SET UP
AS DICTATORS.

823
00:42:58,042 --> 00:43:01,845
"WHAT I NOW ASK OF YOU
IS MILITARY SUCCESS,

824
00:43:01,845 --> 00:43:05,099
"AND I WILL RISK
THE DICTATORSHIP.

825
00:43:05,099 --> 00:43:07,268
ABRAHAM LINCOLN."

826
00:43:07,801 --> 00:43:11,055
AGAIN LINCOLN
TURNED TO A NEW GENERAL.

827
00:43:11,055 --> 00:43:14,308
HE REPLACED BURNSIDE
WITH JOSEPH HOOKER,

828
00:43:14,308 --> 00:43:17,027
A TENACIOUS WEST POINTER
CALLED FIGHTING JOE,

829
00:43:17,027 --> 00:43:20,814
WHO DRANK AND TALKED
TOO MUCH FOR HIS OWN GOOD.

830
00:43:20,814 --> 00:43:23,534
IT WAS ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY,
LINCOLN TOLD HIM,

831
00:43:23,534 --> 00:43:26,236
TO DESTROY LEE'S ARMY.

832
00:43:26,236 --> 00:43:27,871
"MY PLANS ARE PERFECT.

833
00:43:27,871 --> 00:43:30,574
"MAY GOD HAVE MERCY
ON GENERAL LEE,

834
00:43:30,574 --> 00:43:32,743
FOR I WILL HAVE NONE."

835
00:43:36,547 --> 00:43:38,165
HOOKER'S PLANS CALLED

836
00:43:38,165 --> 00:43:39,800
FOR ONE PART
OF HIS ENORMOUS ARMY

837
00:43:39,800 --> 00:43:42,503
TO FEIGN AN ASSAULT
ON LEE'S FRONT,

838
00:43:42,503 --> 00:43:44,138
STILL AT FREDERICKSBURG,

839
00:43:44,138 --> 00:43:46,840
WHILE THE REST MARCHED
UP THE RAPPAHANNOCK,

840
00:43:46,840 --> 00:43:47,925
CROSSED THE RIVER,

841
00:43:47,925 --> 00:43:50,094
AND ATTACKED LEE
FROM THE REAR.

842
00:43:52,262 --> 00:43:53,347
ON APRIL 30th,

843
00:43:53,897 --> 00:43:56,066
HOOKER'S MAIN FORCE--
70,000 STRONG--

844
00:43:56,066 --> 00:43:57,685
REACHED CHANCELLORSVILLE--

845
00:43:57,685 --> 00:43:59,269
A LONE HOUSE
IN A CLEARING

846
00:43:59,269 --> 00:44:02,523
SURROUNDED BY A THICK FOREST
CALLED THE WILDERNESS.

847
00:44:06,327 --> 00:44:08,495
HOOKER AND HIS OFFICERS
MOVED IN DOWNSTAIRS

848
00:44:08,495 --> 00:44:10,664
AND CONTINUED
TO MAP OUT THE ASSAULT

849
00:44:10,664 --> 00:44:14,451
THEY WERE SURE
WOULD TRAP LEE.

850
00:44:14,451 --> 00:44:17,705
"THE ENEMY MUST EITHER
INGLORIOUSLY FLY

851
00:44:17,705 --> 00:44:19,340
"OR COME OUT
FROM BEHIND HIS DEFENSES

852
00:44:19,340 --> 00:44:22,593
"AND GIVE US BATTLE
UPON OUR OWN GROUND,

853
00:44:22,593 --> 00:44:25,846
WHERE CERTAIN DESTRUCTION
AWAITS HIM."

854
00:44:26,380 --> 00:44:30,718
"THE HEN IS THE WISEST
OF ALL THE ANIMAL CREATION

855
00:44:30,718 --> 00:44:32,353
"BECAUSE
SHE NEVER CACKLES

856
00:44:32,353 --> 00:44:36,140
UNTIL AFTER THE EGG
IS LAID."

857
00:44:38,308 --> 00:44:40,477
BUT ROBERT E. LEE,
OUTNUMBERED NEARLY TWO TO ONE,

858
00:44:40,477 --> 00:44:44,281
WAS NOT FOOLED
BY HOOKER'S PLAN.

859
00:44:44,281 --> 00:44:46,450
DEFYING ALL MILITARY
CONVENTION,

860
00:44:46,450 --> 00:44:49,153
HE DIVIDED HIS OWN
MUCH SMALLER FORCE,

861
00:44:49,153 --> 00:44:51,872
LEAVING ONLY 1/4 OF HIS MEN
AT FREDERICKSBURG

862
00:44:51,872 --> 00:44:55,659
BEFORE RUSHING WEST
TO SHORE UP HIS FLANK.

863
00:44:55,659 --> 00:44:58,912
WHEN LEE'S CONFEDERATES REACHED
THE EDGE OF THE WILDERNESS,

864
00:44:58,912 --> 00:45:02,166
UNION TROOPS MOVED OUT
TO ENGAGE THEM.

865
00:45:03,801 --> 00:45:05,969
[CANNON FIRE]

866
00:45:08,672 --> 00:45:19,516
FIRE!

867
00:45:19,516 --> 00:45:21,685
BUT THE FIGHTING
HAD HARDLY BEGUN

868
00:45:21,685 --> 00:45:25,489
WHEN FIGHTING JOE HOOKER
INEXPLICABLY ORDERED HIS FORCES

869
00:45:25,489 --> 00:45:29,276
BACK TO DEFENSIVE POSITIONS
AROUND THE CHANCELLOR HOUSE.

870
00:45:29,276 --> 00:45:32,529
"TO TELL THE TRUTH,"
HE LATER TRIED TO EXPLAIN,

871
00:45:32,529 --> 00:45:36,333
"I JUST LOST CONFIDENCE
IN JOE HOOKER."

872
00:45:36,333 --> 00:45:39,586
LEE SENSED
HOOKER'S CONFUSION

873
00:45:39,586 --> 00:45:42,289
AND THE NEXT DAY
DIVIDED HIS ARMY A SECOND TIME,

874
00:45:42,840 --> 00:45:46,093
SENDING 28,000 MEN
UNDER STONEWALL JACKSON

875
00:45:46,093 --> 00:45:47,711
ON AN EXTRAORDINARY
14-MILE MARCH

876
00:45:47,711 --> 00:45:49,880
THROUGH
THE DENSE WILDERNESS

877
00:45:49,880 --> 00:45:52,599
AND AROUND
THE UNION'S RIGHT FLANK.

878
00:45:52,599 --> 00:45:55,302
[CANNON FIRE]

879
00:45:59,606 --> 00:46:01,225
HOOKER SOMEHOW
PERSUADED HIMSELF

880
00:46:01,225 --> 00:46:03,944
THAT JACKSON
WAS ACTUALLY RETREATING

881
00:46:03,944 --> 00:46:06,647
AND DESPITE
THE SKELETAL REBEL FORCE

882
00:46:06,647 --> 00:46:07,731
REMAINING
IN FRONT OF HIM,

883
00:46:07,731 --> 00:46:10,451
CHOSE TO STAY IN CAMP.

884
00:46:10,451 --> 00:46:10,984
ALL DAY LONG CAME REPORTS
FROM TERRIFIED UNION PICKETS

885
00:46:14,238 --> 00:46:15,873
OF A HUGE REBEL FORCE

886
00:46:15,873 --> 00:46:19,076
MOVING JUST BEYOND
THE SCREEN OF TREES TO THE WEST.

887
00:46:19,626 --> 00:46:21,245
THEY WERE IGNORED.

888
00:46:22,880 --> 00:46:24,498
LATE THAT AFTERNOON,

889
00:46:24,498 --> 00:46:27,751
UNION TROOPS WERE BOILING COFFEE
AND PLAYING CARDS

890
00:46:27,751 --> 00:46:29,386
WHEN DEER CAME BOUNDING
OUT OF THE FOREST

891
00:46:29,920 --> 00:46:33,173
AND THROUGH THEIR CAMP.

892
00:46:33,173 --> 00:46:35,893
JACKSON'S ARMY
WAS RIGHT BEHIND THEM.

893
00:46:35,893 --> 00:46:46,153
[CANNON FIRE]

894
00:46:46,153 --> 00:46:50,491
"IT WAS A PERFECT WHIRLWIND
OF MEN," A SURVIVOR SAID.

895
00:46:50,491 --> 00:47:05,672
"THE ENEMY SEEMED TO COME
FROM EVERY DIRECTION."

896
00:47:05,672 --> 00:47:10,544
THE FEDERALS FELL BACK
NEARLY TWO MILES

897
00:47:10,544 --> 00:47:13,797
BEFORE DARKNESS STOPPED
THE CONFEDERATE SWEEP.

898
00:47:19,770 --> 00:47:22,472
IT'S WHERE
THE ODDS WERE LONGEST.

899
00:47:22,472 --> 00:47:25,192
IT'S WHERE HE TOOK
THE GREATEST RISK

900
00:47:25,192 --> 00:47:29,530
IN THE PRESENCE
OF A SUPERIOR ENEMY

901
00:47:29,530 --> 00:47:31,698
AND KEPT
THE PRESSURE ON.

902
00:47:31,698 --> 00:47:34,952
THE REAL FAULT
AT CHANCELLORSVILLE

903
00:47:34,952 --> 00:47:37,654
WAS THE ATTACK WAS STAGED
SO LATE IN THE DAY

904
00:47:37,654 --> 00:47:39,823
THAT THEY WERE NOT ABLE
TO PUSH IT

905
00:47:39,823 --> 00:47:42,543
TO THE EXTENT
THAT JACKSON HAD INTENDED TO.

906
00:47:42,543 --> 00:47:45,245
AND HE WAS EVEN ATTEMPTING
TO MAKE A NIGHT ATTACK--

907
00:47:45,245 --> 00:47:45,796
A VERY RARE THING
IN THE CIVIL WAR--

908
00:47:45,796 --> 00:47:47,414
EE'S MASTERPIECE.

909
00:47:47,414 --> 00:47:49,583
BECAUSE HE KNEW THAT
HE HADN'T FINISHED UP

910
00:47:49,583 --> 00:47:52,302
WHAT HE HAD STARTED
TO BEGIN.

911
00:47:52,302 --> 00:47:53,921
EAGER TO FIGHT ON,

912
00:47:54,471 --> 00:47:57,174
JACKSON RODE OUT
BETWEEN THE LINES THAT EVENING

913
00:47:57,174 --> 00:47:59,343
TO SCOUT
FOR A NIGHT ATTACK.

914
00:47:59,343 --> 00:48:00,978
WHEN HE TURNED
BACK TOWARD HIS MEN,

915
00:48:00,978 --> 00:48:04,231
NERVOUS CONFEDERATE PICKETS
OPENED FIRE.

916
00:48:04,231 --> 00:48:05,849
[GUNFIRE]

917
00:48:05,849 --> 00:48:08,018
TWO OF HIS AIDES
FELL DEAD.

918
00:48:08,018 --> 00:48:10,737
JACKSON WAS HIT TWICE
IN THE LEFT ARM.

919
00:48:13,991 --> 00:48:17,244
HIS SHATTERED ARM
WAS AMPUTATED THE NEXT MORNING.

920
00:48:17,244 --> 00:48:18,328
LEE WAS HORRIFIED.

921
00:48:18,328 --> 00:48:21,582
"HE HAS LOST
HIS LEFT ARM," HE SAID,

922
00:48:21,582 --> 00:48:24,284
"BUT I HAVE LOST
MY RIGHT."

923
00:48:24,284 --> 00:48:26,453
[CANNON FIRE]

924
00:48:26,453 --> 00:48:29,706
HOOKER CONTINUED
TO BUMBLE.

925
00:48:29,706 --> 00:48:31,341
AS HE NERVOUSLY WATCHED
THE FIGHTING

926
00:48:31,341 --> 00:48:33,510
FROM THE PORCH
OF THE CHANCELLOR HOUSE,

927
00:48:33,510 --> 00:48:36,213
A SHELL SPLIT THE PILLAR
HE WAS LEANING AGAINST

928
00:48:36,213 --> 00:48:38,932
AND KNOCKED HIM
SENSELESS.

929
00:48:38,932 --> 00:48:40,550
GROGGY ALL DAY,

930
00:48:40,550 --> 00:48:44,354
HE REFUSED
TO RELINQUISH COMMAND.

931
00:48:44,354 --> 00:48:46,523
FINALLY,
HE ORDERED RETREAT.

932
00:48:49,226 --> 00:48:51,395
THE DEFEAT WAS TOTAL.

933
00:49:00,070 --> 00:49:03,874
AGAIN THE UNION ARMY WITHDREW
ACROSS THE RAPPAHANNOCK.

934
00:49:06,043 --> 00:49:08,745
HOOKER HAD LOST
17,000 MEN,

935
00:49:08,745 --> 00:49:11,999
EVEN MORE
THAN AT FREDERICKSBURG.

936
00:49:11,999 --> 00:49:16,887
"MY GOD, MY GOD," SAID LINCOLN
WHEN HE GOT THE NEWS,

937
00:49:17,421 --> 00:49:19,056
"WHAT WILL
THE COUNTRY SAY?"

938
00:49:23,961 --> 00:49:27,731
CHANCELLORSVILLE WAS
LEE'S MOST BRILLIANT VICTORY

939
00:49:27,731 --> 00:49:29,349
AND ONE OF THE COSTLIEST.

940
00:49:29,900 --> 00:49:33,153
13,000 OF HIS MEN
WERE DEAD OR OUT OF ACTION,

941
00:49:33,153 --> 00:49:37,491
BUT IT WAS THE LOSS OF ONE MAN
THAT CONCERNED HIM MOST.

942
00:49:37,491 --> 00:49:41,278
STONEWALL JACKSON
SEEMED TO BE RECUPERATING.

943
00:49:41,278 --> 00:49:43,447
THEN ON SUNDAY,
MAY 10th,

944
00:49:43,447 --> 00:49:46,166
HE TOOK A TURN
FOR THE WORSE.

945
00:49:47,784 --> 00:49:49,419
THE SCENE
IS IN A BEDROOM

946
00:49:49,419 --> 00:49:53,757
IN WHICH HE'S COMING
IN AND OUT OF CONSCIOUSNESS.

947
00:49:53,757 --> 00:49:56,460
PNEUMONIA'S
WHAT HE DIED OF,

948
00:49:56,460 --> 00:49:58,628
NOT THE LOSS
OF HIS ARM.

949
00:50:00,263 --> 00:50:04,051
AND HIS WIFE
GOT THERE TO BE WITH HIM,

950
00:50:04,051 --> 00:50:06,219
AND THE SURGEON,
DR. McGUIRE,

951
00:50:06,219 --> 00:50:11,108
TOLD MRS. JACKSON THAT
HER HUSBAND WOULD DIE THAT DAY,

952
00:50:11,108 --> 00:50:13,810
AND SHE TOLD HIM, SAID,

953
00:50:14,361 --> 00:50:17,064
"THE DOCTOR SAYS THAT
YOU WON'T LAST THE DAY OUT,"

954
00:50:17,064 --> 00:50:21,401
AND HE SAID, "OH, NO, MY CHILD.
IT'S NOT THAT SERIOUS."

955
00:50:21,401 --> 00:50:23,570
AND THEN FINALLY
SHE SAID,

956
00:50:23,570 --> 00:50:26,823
"YOU'LL BE WITH THE LORD
THIS DAY,"

957
00:50:27,374 --> 00:50:30,961
AND HE WENT OFF INTO
SOME SORT OF SLEEPY DELIRIUM.

958
00:50:30,961 --> 00:50:33,663
PNEUMONIA AFFECTS PEOPLE
IN STRANGE WAYS.

959
00:50:33,663 --> 00:50:35,832
HE CALLED
THE DOCTOR OVER

960
00:50:35,832 --> 00:50:38,552
AND SAYS, "DR. McGUIRE, MY WIFE
TELLS ME I'M GONNA DIE TODAY.

961
00:50:38,552 --> 00:50:39,636
IS THAT TRUE?"

962
00:50:39,636 --> 00:50:42,339
AND THE DOCTOR SAID,
"YES, IT IS."

963
00:50:42,339 --> 00:50:46,143
HE SAID,
"GOOD. VERY GOOD.

964
00:50:46,143 --> 00:50:49,396
I ALWAYS WANTED TO DIE
ON A SUNDAY."

965
00:50:49,396 --> 00:50:52,649
AND WHEN THEY OFFERED HIM
BRANDY OR MORPHINE,

966
00:50:52,649 --> 00:50:55,352
HE SAID, "NO. I WANT TO KEEP
MY MIND CLEAR,"

967
00:50:55,352 --> 00:50:58,071
AND THE LAST THING
HE SAID--IT SORT OF--

968
00:50:58,071 --> 00:50:59,689
HE WANDERED
IN HIS MIND.

969
00:51:00,240 --> 00:51:02,943
HE WAS CALLING ON A.P. HILL,
"PREPARE FOR ACTION."

970
00:51:02,943 --> 00:51:04,578
AND THEN ALL OF A SUDDEN,

971
00:51:04,578 --> 00:51:07,831
HE WAS QUIET, VERY QUIET
FOR A SPELL,

972
00:51:07,831 --> 00:51:10,534
AND HE SAID IN A CLEAR,
DISTINCT VOICE,

973
00:51:10,534 --> 00:51:12,169
"LET US CROSS
OVER THE RIVER

974
00:51:12,169 --> 00:51:15,422
AND REST UNDER THE SHADE
OF THE TREES,"

975
00:51:15,422 --> 00:51:17,040
AND THEN DIED.

976
00:51:24,131 --> 00:51:25,766
"THE DEATH
OF OUR PIOUS, BRAVE,

977
00:51:25,766 --> 00:51:28,468
"AND NOBLE GENERAL
STONEWALL JACKSON

978
00:51:28,468 --> 00:51:31,721
IS A GREAT BLOW
TO OUR CAUSE."

979
00:51:45,819 --> 00:51:47,988
WINFIELD SCOTT.

980
00:51:47,988 --> 00:51:50,707
HENRY HALLECK.

981
00:51:50,707 --> 00:51:53,410
IRVIN McDOWELL.

982
00:51:53,410 --> 00:51:56,129
GEORGE McCLELLAN.

983
00:51:56,129 --> 00:51:58,298
JOHN POPE.

984
00:51:58,298 --> 00:52:01,551
GEORGE McCLELLAN AGAIN.

985
00:52:01,551 --> 00:52:03,720
AMBROSE BURNSIDE.

986
00:52:04,254 --> 00:52:05,889
JOSEPH HOOKER.

987
00:52:05,889 --> 00:52:10,227
LINCOLN COULD NOT FIND
THE GENERAL HE NEEDED.

988
00:52:10,227 --> 00:52:11,845
HE NOW KNEW
THAT TO WIN THE WAR,

989
00:52:11,845 --> 00:52:15,649
THE SOUTHERN ARMIES
HAD TO BE CRUSHED.

990
00:52:15,649 --> 00:52:17,267
HE HAD THE MEN,

991
00:52:17,267 --> 00:52:21,071
BUT HE NEEDED A GENERAL
WITH THE WILL TO USE THEM.

992
00:52:21,071 --> 00:52:25,408
"NO GENERAL YET FOUND
CAN FACE THE ARITHMETIC,

993
00:52:25,408 --> 00:52:28,111
"BUT THE END OF THE WAR
WILL BE AT HAND

994
00:52:28,111 --> 00:52:30,831
"WHEN HE SHALL BE
DISCOVERED.

995
00:52:30,831 --> 00:52:34,618
"VICKSBURG IS THE KEY.

996
00:52:34,618 --> 00:52:36,253
"THE WAR CAN NEVER BE
BROUGHT TO A CLOSE

997
00:52:36,253 --> 00:52:40,590
UNTIL THE KEY
IS IN OUR POCKET."

998
00:52:40,590 --> 00:52:43,844
"A LONG LINE OF HIGH,
RUGGED, IRREGULAR BLUFFS

999
00:52:43,844 --> 00:52:46,012
"CLEARLY CUT
AGAINST THE SKY,

1000
00:52:46,012 --> 00:52:48,715
"CROWNED WITH CANNON,
WHICH PEERED OMINOUSLY

1001
00:52:48,715 --> 00:52:51,434
"FROM EMBRASURES
TO THE RIGHT AND LEFT

1002
00:52:51,434 --> 00:52:53,603
"AS FAR AS THE EYE
COULD SEE.

1003
00:52:53,603 --> 00:52:56,857
THAT IS VICKSBURG."

1004
00:52:56,857 --> 00:53:00,110
FOR 2 1/2 MONTHS,
ULYSSES S. GRANT

1005
00:53:00,110 --> 00:53:02,812
DOGGEDLY ATTEMPTED TO
DIG OR HACK OR FLOAT HIS ARMY

1006
00:53:02,812 --> 00:53:07,150
THROUGH THE TANGLED BAYOUS
AND SEIZE THE TOWN OF VICKSBURG.

1007
00:53:07,150 --> 00:53:08,785
NOTHING WORKED.

1008
00:53:08,785 --> 00:53:12,038
THE PRESS ACCUSED HIM
OF SLOTH AND STUPIDITY,

1009
00:53:12,038 --> 00:53:15,292
HINTED HE WAS
DRINKING AGAIN.

1010
00:53:16,376 --> 00:53:20,163
FINALLY, GRANT DECIDED
ON A DARING PLAN.

1011
00:53:20,163 --> 00:53:21,248
HE WOULD MARCH DOWN RIVER

1012
00:53:21,248 --> 00:53:23,967
THROUGH THE SWAMPS
ON THE WESTERN SIDE,

1013
00:53:23,967 --> 00:53:26,136
CROSS BELOW VICKSBURG,

1014
00:53:26,136 --> 00:53:28,838
AND WITHOUT HOPE OF RESUPPLY
OR REINFORCEMENT,

1015
00:53:28,838 --> 00:53:31,558
COME UP FROM BEHIND
AND ATTACK THE CITY.

1016
00:53:51,077 --> 00:53:53,780
BY EARLY MAY,
GRANT HAD CROSSED THE RIVER.

1017
00:53:56,499 --> 00:53:57,584
"WHEN THIS WAS EFFECTED,

1018
00:53:57,584 --> 00:54:00,287
"I FELT A DEGREE
OF RELIEF

1019
00:54:00,287 --> 00:54:01,922
"SCARCELY EVER
EQUALED SINCE.

1020
00:54:02,455 --> 00:54:05,175
"I WAS NOW
IN THE ENEMY'S COUNTRY

1021
00:54:05,175 --> 00:54:07,344
"WITH A RIVER
AND THE STRONGHOLD OF VICKSBURG

1022
00:54:07,877 --> 00:54:10,046
"BETWEEN ME
AND MY BASE OF SUPPLY,

1023
00:54:10,597 --> 00:54:12,766
"BUT I WAS
ON DRY GROUND

1024
00:54:12,766 --> 00:54:17,103
ON THE SAME SIDE OF THE RIVER
WITH THE ENEMY."

1025
00:54:17,103 --> 00:54:21,441
THE MEN KNEW THEY WERE CUT LOOSE
FROM THEIR BASE,

1026
00:54:21,441 --> 00:54:23,059
KNEW THEY WERE GOING TO BE
DEPENDENT FOR SUPPLIES

1027
00:54:23,059 --> 00:54:25,779
ON A VERY TENUOUS
SUPPLY LINE,

1028
00:54:25,779 --> 00:54:27,948
BUT GRANT HIMSELF
GAVE THEM CONFIDENCE.

1029
00:54:27,948 --> 00:54:30,116
THEY BELIEVED GRANT KNEW
WHAT HE WAS DOING.

1030
00:54:30,650 --> 00:54:33,370
AND ONE GREAT ENCOURAGEMENT
FOR THEIR BELIEVING THAT

1031
00:54:33,370 --> 00:54:34,454
WAS QUITE OFTEN
ON THE MARCH,

1032
00:54:34,454 --> 00:54:36,623
WHETHER AT NIGHT
OR IN THE DAYTIME,

1033
00:54:36,623 --> 00:54:38,241
THEY'D BE MOVING
ALONG A ROAD OR OVER A BRIDGE

1034
00:54:38,792 --> 00:54:40,961
AND RIGHT BESIDE THE ROAD
WOULD BE GRANT ON HIS HORSE--

1035
00:54:40,961 --> 00:54:43,129
A DUST-COVERED MAN
ON A DUST-COVERED HORSE,

1036
00:54:43,663 --> 00:54:45,298
SAYING "MOVE ON, CLOSE UP."

1037
00:54:45,298 --> 00:54:46,916
SO THEY FELT VERY MUCH

1038
00:54:47,467 --> 00:54:49,085
THAT HE PERSONALLY WAS IN CHARGE
OF THEIR MOVEMENT.

1039
00:54:49,085 --> 00:54:51,805
AND IT GAVE THEM
AN ADDED CONFIDENCE.

1040
00:55:02,098 --> 00:55:03,733
IN THREE WEEKS,
GRANT'S ARMY,

1041
00:55:03,733 --> 00:55:06,987
CUT OFF FROM ALL COMMUNICATION
WITH THE OUTSIDE WORLD,

1042
00:55:06,987 --> 00:55:09,155
MARCHED 180 MILES,

1043
00:55:09,155 --> 00:55:11,324
FOUGHT AND WON
FIVE BATTLES

1044
00:55:11,324 --> 00:55:12,409
AT PORT GIBSON...

1045
00:55:12,942 --> 00:55:15,111
RAYMOND...

1046
00:55:15,111 --> 00:55:17,280
JACKSON...

1047
00:55:17,280 --> 00:55:19,449
CHAMPION'S HILL...

1048
00:55:19,449 --> 00:55:21,618
AND BIG BLACK RIVER...

1049
00:55:21,618 --> 00:55:25,922
AND FINALLY SURROUNDED
VICKSBURG ITSELF,

1050
00:55:25,922 --> 00:55:28,091
TRAPPING
31,000 CONFEDERATES.

1051
00:55:30,794 --> 00:55:32,962
ON MAY 19th,

1052
00:55:32,962 --> 00:55:36,216
GRANT TRIED TO TAKE THE TOWN
BY DIRECT ASSAULT

1053
00:55:36,216 --> 00:55:37,851
BUT WAS BEATEN BACK.

1054
00:55:37,851 --> 00:55:38,385
[CANNON FIRE]

1055
00:55:44,357 --> 00:55:45,709
[BELLS RING]

1056
00:55:45,709 --> 00:55:47,444
"MAY 19th.

1057
00:55:47,444 --> 00:55:50,046
"THANKS BE TO THE GREAT RULER
OF THE UNIVERSE.

1058
00:55:50,046 --> 00:55:52,649
"VICKSBURG IS STILL SAFE.

1059
00:55:52,649 --> 00:55:53,950
"THE FIRST GREAT ASSAULT

1060
00:55:53,950 --> 00:55:56,986
"HAS BEEN MOST
SUCCESSFULLY REPELLED.

1061
00:55:56,986 --> 00:56:00,023
"ALL MY FEARS IN REFERENCE
TO TAKING THE PLACE BY STORM

1062
00:56:00,457 --> 00:56:01,758
"NOW VANISHED.

1063
00:56:02,192 --> 00:56:04,361
"REVEREND WILLIAM
LOVELACE FOSTER,

1064
00:56:04,794 --> 00:56:08,698
CHAPLAIN, 35th MISSISSIPPI
VOLUNTEERS."

1065
00:56:08,698 --> 00:56:11,801
GRANT SETTLED IN
FOR A SIEGE,

1066
00:56:11,801 --> 00:56:15,555
RESOLVED, HE SAID,
TO "OUTCAMP THE ENEMY."

1067
00:56:17,724 --> 00:56:19,342
"IT IS SUCH FOLLY
FOR THEM

1068
00:56:19,342 --> 00:56:22,062
"TO WASTE THEIR AMMUNITION
LIKE THAT.

1069
00:56:22,062 --> 00:56:23,146
"HOW CAN THEY
EVER TAKE A TOWN

1070
00:56:26,933 --> 00:56:29,102
"WE'LL JUST BURROW
INTO THESE HILLS

1071
00:56:29,102 --> 00:56:32,355
AND LET THEM BATTER AWAY
AS HARD AS THEY PLEASE."

1072
00:56:39,412 --> 00:56:42,115
ON MAY 15th,
JEFFERSON DAVIS

1073
00:56:42,115 --> 00:56:44,834
SUMMONED GENERAL LEE
TO RICHMOND.

1074
00:56:44,834 --> 00:56:48,037
SOMETHING HAD TO BE DONE
ABOUT GRANT.

1075
00:56:48,037 --> 00:56:49,672
DAVIS WANTED TO SEND
PART OF LEE'S ARMY

1076
00:56:50,206 --> 00:56:51,841
TO RELIEVE VICKSBURG.

1077
00:56:51,841 --> 00:56:54,010
LEE WAS AGAINST IT.

1078
00:56:54,010 --> 00:56:56,713
HE HAD
A BOLDER PLAN.

1079
00:56:56,713 --> 00:56:59,799
THE ARMY
OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA

1080
00:57:00,233 --> 00:57:01,534
SHOULD INVADE
THE NORTH AGAIN,

1081
00:57:01,534 --> 00:57:04,571
STRIKING THIS TIME
INTO PENNSYLVANIA.

1082
00:57:04,571 --> 00:57:07,607
LEE WOULD ATTACK HARRISBURG
AND PHILADELPHIA

1083
00:57:07,607 --> 00:57:10,643
AND FORCE GRANT NORTH
TO DEFEND WASHINGTON.

1084
00:57:10,643 --> 00:57:14,114
WITH LUCK, WASHINGTON
ITSELF MIGHT FALL.

1085
00:57:14,114 --> 00:57:17,584
IT MIGHT EVEN FORCE LINCOLN
TO SUE FOR PEACE

1086
00:57:17,584 --> 00:57:20,620
AND RECOGNIZE
THE CONFEDERACY.

1087
00:57:20,620 --> 00:57:23,656
DAVIS AGREED.

1088
00:57:23,656 --> 00:57:26,242
EVERYTHING NOW HUNG
ON VICKSBURG IN THE WEST

1089
00:57:26,242 --> 00:57:28,411
AND PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE EAST.

1090
00:57:28,411 --> 00:57:31,664
AS GRANT PRESSED
HIS SIEGE AT VICKSBURG,

1091
00:57:31,664 --> 00:57:31,664
LEE MOVED NORTH.