1
00:00:08,675 --> 00:00:14,097
"I REQUIRE ABLE-BODIED MEN
WITH GOOD HORSE AND GUN.

2
00:00:14,097 --> 00:00:17,901
"I WISH NONE BUT THOSE WHO
DESIRE TO BE ACTIVELY ENGAGED.

3
00:00:17,901 --> 00:00:22,238
"COME ON, BOYS,
IF YOU WANT A HEAP OF FUN

4
00:00:22,238 --> 00:00:25,492
AND TO KILL SOME YANKEES."

5
00:00:25,492 --> 00:00:27,660
NATHAN BEDFORD FORREST.

6
00:00:29,279 --> 00:00:32,482
BEDFORD FORREST'S GRANDDAUGHTER
LIVED HERE IN MEMPHIS.

7
00:00:32,482 --> 00:00:33,566
SHE RECENTLY DIED,

8
00:00:34,117 --> 00:00:35,735
AND I GOT TO KNOW HER,

9
00:00:35,735 --> 00:00:37,370
AND SHE EVEN LET ME SWING
THE GENERAL'S SABER

10
00:00:37,370 --> 00:00:40,623
AROUND MY HEAD ONCE,
WHICH WAS A GREAT TREAT,

11
00:00:40,623 --> 00:00:44,961
AND I HAD THOUGHT A LONG TIME,
AND I CALLED HER AND SAID,

12
00:00:44,961 --> 00:00:48,748
"I THINK THE WAR PRODUCED
TWO AUTHENTIC GENIUSES.

13
00:00:48,748 --> 00:00:50,917
"ONE OF THEM
WAS YOUR GRANDFATHER,

14
00:00:50,917 --> 00:00:53,636
AND THE OTHER
WAS ABRAHAM LINCOLN."

15
00:00:53,636 --> 00:00:56,339
AND THERE WAS A SILENCE
AT THE OTHER END OF THE PHONE,

16
00:00:56,890 --> 00:00:57,974
AND SHE SAID,
"WELL, YOU KNOW, IN OUR FAMILY,

17
00:00:57,974 --> 00:01:01,227
WE NEVER THOUGHT MUCH
OF MR. LINCOLN."

18
00:01:01,227 --> 00:01:03,396
SHE DIDN'T LIKE MY
COUPLING HER GRANDFATHER

19
00:01:03,396 --> 00:01:07,734
WITH ABRAHAM LINCOLN
ALL THESE YEARS LATER.

20
00:01:07,734 --> 00:01:10,904
SOUTHERNERS ARE VERY STRANGE
ABOUT THAT WAR.

21
00:01:24,467 --> 00:01:27,170
THERE WAS FIGHTING
ALL ACROSS THE COUNTRY--

22
00:01:27,170 --> 00:01:29,339
AT THE SABINE CROSSROADS NEAR
THE TEXAS-LOUISIANA BORDER

23
00:01:29,339 --> 00:01:30,974
SELLING LAND, COTTON,
AND SLAVES.

24
00:01:30,974 --> 00:01:33,143
AND DOWN THE RED RIVER,

25
00:01:33,143 --> 00:01:35,311
ON THE LITTLE BLUE
IN MISSOURI,

26
00:01:35,311 --> 00:01:39,099
AT POISON SPRING
AND JENKINS FERRY IN ARKANSAS,

27
00:01:39,099 --> 00:01:41,818
AND FAR OUT
IN INDIAN TERRITORY.

28
00:01:49,409 --> 00:01:51,578
BY THE SUMMER OF 1864,

29
00:01:51,578 --> 00:01:55,365
THE UNION INITIATIVE
HAD GROUND TO A HALT.

30
00:01:55,915 --> 00:01:58,618
DESPITE ITS POWERFUL
INDUSTRIAL MACHINE,

31
00:01:58,618 --> 00:02:01,871
DESPITE INCREASING HARDSHIPS
FOR THE SOUTH,

32
00:02:02,422 --> 00:02:06,209
THE NORTH WAS LOSING
CONTROL OF THE WAR.

33
00:02:06,209 --> 00:02:07,844
AS THE CASUALTY LISTS
GREW LONGER,

34
00:02:07,844 --> 00:02:11,631
OPPOSITION TO THE WAR
INCREASED.

35
00:02:15,435 --> 00:02:18,138
WITH THE PRESIDENTIAL
CAMPAIGN LOOMING,

36
00:02:18,138 --> 00:02:20,857
ABRAHAM LINCOLN NOW KNEW
HE WOULD HAVE TO DO SOMETHING

37
00:02:20,857 --> 00:02:23,560
THAT HAD NEVER
BEEN DONE BEFORE--

38
00:02:23,560 --> 00:02:26,813
SUBMIT TO A POPULAR ELECTION
DURING CIVIL WAR

39
00:02:26,813 --> 00:02:28,982
AND WIN IT.

40
00:02:30,617 --> 00:02:32,785
"THE STRUGGLE WITHIN
<i>AND</i> WITHOUT,"

41
00:02:32,785 --> 00:02:34,404
AN ADVISOR TOLD LINCOLN,

42
00:02:34,404 --> 00:02:37,123
"IS FOR
OUR NATIONAL EXISTENCE."

43
00:02:41,995 --> 00:02:44,714
AT PETERSBURG,
ROBERT E. LEE'S ENTRENCHED ARMY

44
00:02:44,714 --> 00:02:46,883
CONTINUED TO RESIST
ULYSSES S. GRANT'S

45
00:02:47,417 --> 00:02:49,586
TWO-MONTH-OLD SIEGE.

46
00:02:49,586 --> 00:02:52,839
UNION TROOPS WERE DIGGING

47
00:02:52,839 --> 00:02:56,092
DEEP BENEATH
THE CONFEDERATE LINES.

48
00:02:56,092 --> 00:02:59,345
NORTH OF ATLANTA,
WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN

49
00:02:59,345 --> 00:03:02,065
WOULD HAVE TO BLAST THROUGH
AN IMPENETRABLE SYSTEM

50
00:03:02,065 --> 00:03:04,234
OF TRENCHES, BREASTWORKS,
AND PARAPETS

51
00:03:04,767 --> 00:03:07,987
TO TAKE THE CITY,
IF HE EVER GOT THERE.

52
00:03:10,690 --> 00:03:13,943
THAT SUMMER, IN THE SWELTERING
MISSISSIPPI HEAT,

53
00:03:13,943 --> 00:03:17,197
CONFEDERATE GENERAL
NATHAN BEDFORD FORREST

54
00:03:17,197 --> 00:03:18,831
WOULD CEMENT HIS REPUTATION

55
00:03:18,831 --> 00:03:22,619
AS THE MOST TERRIFYING CAVALRY
COMMANDER OF THE WAR.

56
00:03:22,619 --> 00:03:23,703
MEANWHILE,
IN THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY,

57
00:03:23,703 --> 00:03:26,956
A DIMINUTIVE UNION GENERAL,
PHIL SHERIDAN,

58
00:03:27,507 --> 00:03:29,125
WOULD GLEEFULLY WRECK

59
00:03:29,125 --> 00:03:32,378
EVERY FARM AND VILLAGE
HE COULD LAY HIS HANDS ON,

60
00:03:32,378 --> 00:03:35,632
WHILE IN RICHMOND,
JEFFERSON DAVIS STRUGGLED DESPERATELY

61
00:03:36,182 --> 00:03:40,520
TO KEEP THE IDEA
OF THE CONFEDERACY ALIVE.

62
00:03:40,520 --> 00:03:42,689
AT THE END OF THE YEAR,

63
00:03:42,689 --> 00:03:44,857
UNION QUARTERMASTER
GENERAL MONTGOMERY MEIGS

64
00:03:44,857 --> 00:03:47,560
WOULD LOSE A SON
AND BRING HIS GRIEF

65
00:03:47,560 --> 00:03:50,280
TO THE DOORSTEP
OF ROBERT E. LEE.

66
00:03:53,533 --> 00:03:55,702
BY THE SUMMER OF 1864,

67
00:03:56,236 --> 00:03:57,320
PEOPLE COULD HARDLY REMEMBER

68
00:03:57,320 --> 00:04:01,658
THAT THERE HAD EVER BEEN
A TIME WITHOUT WAR,

69
00:04:01,658 --> 00:04:04,911
AND MANY DID NOT BELIEVE
IT WOULD EVER END.

70
00:04:30,403 --> 00:04:33,606
[CANNON FIRE]

71
00:04:47,170 --> 00:04:49,339
"DEAR MR. PRESIDENT,

72
00:04:49,339 --> 00:04:53,126
"THE TIDE IS SETTING
STRONGLY AGAINST US.

73
00:04:53,126 --> 00:04:54,761
"TWO SPECIAL CAUSES
ARE ASSIGNED

74
00:04:54,761 --> 00:04:58,014
"TO THIS GREAT REACTION
IN PUBLIC SENTIMENT--

75
00:04:58,548 --> 00:05:02,352
"THE WANT OF MILITARY SUCCESS
AT PETERSBURG AND ATLANTA

76
00:05:02,352 --> 00:05:05,054
"AND THE IMPRESSION
THAT WE ARE FIGHTING,

77
00:05:05,054 --> 00:05:09,392
NOT FOR UNION, BUT FOR
THE ABOLITION OF SLAVERY."

78
00:05:09,392 --> 00:05:10,476
HENRY RAYMOND,

79
00:05:11,027 --> 00:05:13,730
CHAIRMAN,
REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE.

80
00:05:22,955 --> 00:05:25,658
THE SIEGE OF PETERSBURG
WENT ON.

81
00:05:25,658 --> 00:05:28,911
MORALE HAD NEVER
BEEN LOWER.

82
00:05:28,911 --> 00:05:31,581
"WE SHOULD NEVER HAVE
WARS LIKE THIS AGAIN,"

83
00:05:31,581 --> 00:05:34,300
ONE UNION SOLDIER SAID.

84
00:05:34,300 --> 00:05:36,469
IN LESS THAN 6 MONTHS,

85
00:05:36,469 --> 00:05:39,172
FROM THE WILDERNESS
TO SPOTSYLVANIA,

86
00:05:39,172 --> 00:05:41,341
COLD HARBOR TO PETERSBURG,

87
00:05:41,341 --> 00:05:44,594
GRANT HAD NEARLY
DESTROYED HIS ARMY.

88
00:05:44,594 --> 00:05:47,313
"THE PEOPLE ARE WILD
FOR PEACE,"

89
00:05:47,313 --> 00:05:48,931
A NEWSPAPER REPORTED.

90
00:05:48,931 --> 00:05:52,735
"LINCOLN'S RE-ELECTION
IS AN IMPOSSIBILITY."

91
00:06:00,827 --> 00:06:02,995
NEVERTHELESS,
140,000 SOLDIERS

92
00:06:02,995 --> 00:06:06,783
RE-ENLISTED
IN THE UNION ARMY.

93
00:06:06,783 --> 00:06:10,036
PRIDE AND PATRIOTISM
HAD MUCH TO DO WITH IT,

94
00:06:10,036 --> 00:06:12,755
AND A DESIRE TO SEE
THE THING THROUGH,

95
00:06:12,755 --> 00:06:15,458
BUT SO DID THE PROMISE
OF A MONTH'S FURLOUGH.

96
00:06:15,458 --> 00:06:18,711
"3 MORE YEARS OF HELL,"
WROTE ONE SOLDIER,

97
00:06:18,711 --> 00:06:23,049
"IN EXCHANGE
FOR 30 DAYS OF HEAVEN--HOME."

98
00:06:26,302 --> 00:06:27,937
<i>HARPER'S WEEKLY.</i>

99
00:06:27,937 --> 00:06:30,106
"THE POLITICAL CAMPAIGN

100
00:06:30,106 --> 00:06:31,190
"WHICH ENDS IN THE ELECTION
OF THE 8th OF NOVEMBER

101
00:06:33,893 --> 00:06:38,231
"DECIDES THE MOST IMPORTANT
QUESTION IN HISTORY.

102
00:06:38,231 --> 00:06:41,484
"IT HAS ALWAYS BEEN
THE FATE OF REPUBLICS

103
00:06:41,484 --> 00:06:43,119
"TO BE DESTROYED BY FACTION.

104
00:06:43,119 --> 00:06:47,990
"THAT FEAR IS
NOW ABOUT TO BE CONFIRMED

105
00:06:47,990 --> 00:06:50,710
OR DISSIPATED FOREVER."

106
00:06:52,328 --> 00:06:55,047
THE KEY, EVERYONE KNEW,
WAS ATLANTA.

107
00:06:55,581 --> 00:06:59,385
IF SHERMAN COULD REACH
THE RAILROAD HUB OF THE SOUTH,

108
00:06:59,385 --> 00:07:02,088
THE WAR MIGHT END AT LAST,

109
00:07:02,088 --> 00:07:05,341
BUT IT WAS THE STALEMATE
IN VIRGINIA

110
00:07:05,341 --> 00:07:07,510
THAT CONCERNED
LINCOLN NOW.

111
00:07:16,736 --> 00:07:18,905
[CANNON FIRE]

112
00:07:18,905 --> 00:07:21,607
"JULY 4, 1864,

113
00:07:21,607 --> 00:07:24,327
"THE GLORIOUS FOURTH
HAS COME AGAIN,

114
00:07:24,327 --> 00:07:28,114
"AND WE HAVE HAD
QUITE A CELEBRATION

115
00:07:28,114 --> 00:07:32,452
"INTO PETERSBURG
TO REMIND <i>TH</i> EMOF THE DAY.

116
00:07:32,452 --> 00:07:34,620
"THIS DAY MAKES
4 FOURTH OF JULYS

117
00:07:34,620 --> 00:07:36,789
"THAT I HAVE PASSED
IN THE ARMY,

118
00:07:36,789 --> 00:07:38,424
"THE FIRST AT CAMP CLARK,

119
00:07:38,424 --> 00:07:40,593
"THE SECOND
AT HARRISON'S LANDING,

120
00:07:40,593 --> 00:07:43,296
"THE THIRD AT GETTYSBURG,
AND TODAY AT PETERSBURG.

121
00:07:43,296 --> 00:07:47,633
"I HAD A PARTY OF OFFICERS
TO DINE WITH ME.

122
00:07:47,633 --> 00:07:49,802
"THIS WAS OUR BILL OF FARE--

123
00:07:49,802 --> 00:07:54,240
"STEWED OYSTERS, CANNED,
ROAST TURKEY, CANNED,

124
00:07:54,690 --> 00:07:56,859
"BREAD PUDDING,
TAPIOCA PUDDING,

125
00:07:56,859 --> 00:07:59,028
"APPLE PIE MADE IN CAMP,

126
00:07:59,562 --> 00:08:02,281
"LEMONADE, CIGARS.

127
00:08:03,366 --> 00:08:05,535
"TOMORROW, IF WE MARCH,

128
00:08:05,535 --> 00:08:08,788
HARDTACK AND SALT PORK
WILL BE OUR FARE."

129
00:08:08,788 --> 00:08:11,491
ELISHA HUNT RHODES.

130
00:08:17,997 --> 00:08:21,250
"THE ENEMY THROW A NUMBER
OF SHELLS DAILY INTO PETERSBURG,

131
00:08:21,250 --> 00:08:22,885
"BUT THEY DO LITTLE DAMAGE.

132
00:08:22,885 --> 00:08:26,672
"THE WOMEN AND CHILDREN SEEM
NOT TO MIND THEM AT ALL.

133
00:08:26,672 --> 00:08:29,392
"ON ONE STREET YESTERDAY WHERE
SUCH A NUMBER OF SHELLS BURST

134
00:08:29,926 --> 00:08:33,179
"THAT I WOULD HAVE CONSIDERED IT
A WARM PLACE IN THE FIELD,

135
00:08:33,179 --> 00:08:35,348
"WOMEN WERE PASSING ABOUT
WITH LITTLE CONCERN,

136
00:08:35,348 --> 00:08:37,517
"DODGING AROUND THE CORNER
WHEN THEY HEARD A SHELL COMING

137
00:08:37,517 --> 00:08:39,151
"OR PUTTING THEIR HEADS
OUT OF THEIR WINDOWS

138
00:08:39,151 --> 00:08:41,320
"TO SEE WHAT DAMAGE
THEY HAD DONE.

139
00:08:41,320 --> 00:08:43,489
"A LADY YESTERDAY SENT
WARDLAW AND MYSELF

140
00:08:43,489 --> 00:08:45,107
SOME ICE CREAM AND CAKES."

141
00:08:45,107 --> 00:08:46,742
HARRY HAMMOND.

142
00:08:48,911 --> 00:08:51,614
[BUGLE SOUNDING]

143
00:08:51,614 --> 00:08:53,783
TO RELIEVE THE PRESSURE
ON PETERSBURG,

144
00:08:53,783 --> 00:08:55,418
LEE SENT 10,000 MEN NORTH

145
00:08:55,952 --> 00:08:57,587
TO PUSH UNION TROOPS
OUT OF THE SHENANDOAH

146
00:08:57,587 --> 00:09:01,374
AND HARASS WASHINGTON ITSELF.

147
00:09:01,374 --> 00:09:03,009
IN CHARGE
OF THE SOUTHERN FORCES

148
00:09:03,009 --> 00:09:04,627
WAS A RUTHLESS
CONFEDERATE GENERAL

149
00:09:04,627 --> 00:09:07,880
NAMED JUBAL EARLY.

150
00:09:07,880 --> 00:09:11,133
EARLY ATTACKED FORT STEVENS,
ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF WASHINGTON,

151
00:09:11,133 --> 00:09:13,686
TERRIFYING THE CITY,

152
00:09:13,686 --> 00:09:15,805
DESPITE THE 74 FORTS
THAT NOW MADE IT

153
00:09:15,805 --> 00:09:18,524
THE MOST HEAVILY FORTIFIED
CITY ON EARTH.

154
00:09:18,524 --> 00:09:21,777
[CANNON FIRE]

155
00:09:26,649 --> 00:09:29,368
FEDERAL TROOPS,
INCLUDING ELISHA HUNT RHODES,

156
00:09:29,368 --> 00:09:32,071
WERE HASTILY BROUGHT UP
FROM PETERSBURG

157
00:09:32,071 --> 00:09:33,706
TO PROTECT THE CAPITAL.

158
00:09:34,790 --> 00:09:38,044
"JULY 12, 1864.

159
00:09:38,044 --> 00:09:40,212
"WE MARCHED IN LINE OF BATTLE
INTO A PEACH ORCHARD

160
00:09:40,212 --> 00:09:43,466
"IN FRONT OF FORT STEVENS,
AND HERE THE FIGHT BEGAN.

161
00:09:44,000 --> 00:09:46,168
"FOR A SHORT TIME
IT WAS WARM WORK,

162
00:09:46,168 --> 00:09:48,888
"BUT AS THE PRESIDENT
AND MANY LADIES WERE LOOKING AT US,

163
00:09:48,888 --> 00:09:51,591
"EVERY MAN TRIED
TO DO HIS BEST.

164
00:09:52,141 --> 00:09:54,310
"WITHOUT OUR HELP,
THE SMALL FORCE IN THE FORTS

165
00:09:54,310 --> 00:09:55,928
"WOULD HAVE BEEN OVERPOWERED.

166
00:09:56,479 --> 00:10:00,766
"JUBAL EARLY SHOULD HAVE
ATTACKED EARLY IN THE MORNING,

167
00:10:00,766 --> 00:10:04,020
BUT  <i>EARLY WAS LATE!"</i>

168
00:10:10,493 --> 00:10:13,195
MEANWHILE, TO STOP
WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN'S

169
00:10:13,195 --> 00:10:15,364
ADVANCE ON ATLANTA,

170
00:10:15,364 --> 00:10:18,618
NATHAN BEDFORD FORREST
WAS ALSO ON THE MOVE.

171
00:10:22,421 --> 00:10:24,040
YOU'RE ASKING ABOUT...

172
00:10:24,040 --> 00:10:26,759
THE MOST MAN
IN THE WORLD, IN SOME WAYS.

173
00:10:26,759 --> 00:10:28,928
FORREST WAS A NATURAL GENIUS.

174
00:10:28,928 --> 00:10:31,631
SOMEONE SAID THAT HE WAS
BORN TO BE A SOLDIER

175
00:10:31,631 --> 00:10:34,884
THE WAY JOHN KEATS
WAS BORN TO BE A POET.

176
00:10:34,884 --> 00:10:40,306
HE HAD SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES
THAT, WHEN YOU TRANSLATE THEM,

177
00:10:40,856 --> 00:10:43,025
THEY FIT RIGHT
INTO THE ARMY MANUAL.

178
00:10:43,025 --> 00:10:45,728
WHEN HE SAID, "GET THERE FIRST
WITH THE MOST MEN,"

179
00:10:46,278 --> 00:10:48,447
HE'S SAYING,
"TAKE THE INTERIOR LINES

180
00:10:48,981 --> 00:10:51,701
AND BRING SUPERIOR FORCE
TO BEAR."

181
00:10:51,701 --> 00:10:53,319
HE HAD SOME VERY
SIMPLE THINGS.

182
00:10:53,319 --> 00:10:56,572
HE USED TO SAY,
"HIT THEM ON THE END"

183
00:10:57,123 --> 00:10:59,291
AND HE USED TO SAY,
"KEEP UP THE SKEER."

184
00:10:59,291 --> 00:11:01,460
AND THESE ARE ALL
GOOD MILITARY PRINCIPLES

185
00:11:01,460 --> 00:11:03,629
EXPRESSED IN FORREST'S
OWN WAY.

186
00:11:03,629 --> 00:11:06,332
AND HE WAS ABLE TO LOOK
AT A PIECE OF GROUND

187
00:11:06,332 --> 00:11:08,501
AND SEE HOW TO USE IT.

188
00:11:08,501 --> 00:11:10,670
HE HAD A MARVELOUS SENSE
OF TOPOGRAPHY.

189
00:11:10,670 --> 00:11:15,007
HE COULD SEE
THE KEY TO A POSITION

190
00:11:15,007 --> 00:11:16,092
AND KNOW WHERE TO HIT.

191
00:11:17,727 --> 00:11:18,811
FORREST,

192
00:11:18,811 --> 00:11:20,429
WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN
LATER SAID,

193
00:11:20,429 --> 00:11:23,149
"WAS THE MOST REMARKABLE MAN
OUR CIVIL WAR PRODUCED

194
00:11:23,149 --> 00:11:25,851
ON EITHER SIDE."

195
00:11:25,851 --> 00:11:28,020
HE WAS THE SON
OF AN ILLITERATE BLACKSMITH.

196
00:11:28,020 --> 00:11:32,908
HE MADE HIMSELF
A MILLIONAIRE

197
00:11:32,908 --> 00:11:35,611
IN 1861,
HE ENLISTED AS A PRIVATE,

198
00:11:36,162 --> 00:11:38,864
THEN QUIT TO RAISE AND EQUIP
AN ENTIRE CAVALRY BATTALION

199
00:11:38,864 --> 00:11:42,668
OUT OF HIS OWN POCKET.

200
00:11:42,668 --> 00:11:44,837
HE HAD BECOME
LIEUTENANT GENERAL,

201
00:11:44,837 --> 00:11:48,624
THE ONLY MAN ON EITHER SIDE
TO RISE SO FAR.

202
00:11:48,624 --> 00:11:51,877
HE WAS THE MOST FEARED
CAVALRY COMMANDER OF THE WAR,

203
00:11:51,877 --> 00:11:54,046
THE "WIZARD OF THE SADDLE,"

204
00:11:54,046 --> 00:11:56,215
WOUNDED 4 TIMES
IN BATTLE

205
00:11:56,215 --> 00:12:00,019
AND FAMOUS FOR HAVING HORSES
SHOT OUT FROM UNDER HIM.

206
00:12:01,103 --> 00:12:04,890
HE'S THE MOST COLORFUL MAN
IN THE WAR.

207
00:12:05,441 --> 00:12:08,694
HE KILLED MORE MEN THAN ANY
OTHER GENERAL OFFICER EVER HAS,

208
00:12:08,694 --> 00:12:10,863
HAD MORE HORSES
SHOT OUT FROM UNDER HIM

209
00:12:10,863 --> 00:12:12,481
THAN ANY OTHER OFFICER
EVER HAD.

210
00:12:12,481 --> 00:12:16,285
HE HAD 30 HORSES
SHOT FROM UNDER HIM

211
00:12:16,285 --> 00:12:18,988
AND HE KILLED 31 MEN
IN HAND-TO-HAND COMBAT,

212
00:12:18,988 --> 00:12:22,241
AND HE SAID, "I WAS
A HORSE AHEAD AT THE END."

213
00:12:22,241 --> 00:12:26,579
HE WAS A MASTER
OF THE LIGHTNING RAID

214
00:12:26,579 --> 00:12:29,832
AND AN EXPERT AT WINNING
AGAINST LONG ODDS.

215
00:12:29,832 --> 00:12:33,085
HE FOUGHT HIS BATTLES,
HE SAID, "BY EAR,"

216
00:12:33,085 --> 00:12:35,254
AND HE COULD ANTICIPATE
AN ENEMY'S MOVEMENTS

217
00:12:35,805 --> 00:12:39,058
WITH UNCANNY PRECISION.

218
00:12:39,058 --> 00:12:40,676
HE WAS ONLY SURPRISED
IN BATTLE ONCE.

219
00:12:40,676 --> 00:12:43,929
IT WAS A PLACE CALLED
PARKER'S CROSSROADS UP IN TENNESSEE.

220
00:12:44,480 --> 00:12:46,098
HE WAS ON A RAID,

221
00:12:46,098 --> 00:12:48,818
AND HE WAS CLOSING IN
ON AN OPPONENT

222
00:12:48,818 --> 00:12:50,436
AND FIXING TO
FINISH HIM OFF

223
00:12:51,520 --> 00:12:55,324
BY A FORCE THAT HE
DID NOT SUSPECT WAS WITHIN MANY MILES.

224
00:12:55,324 --> 00:12:57,493
EVERYBODY WAS
TERRIBLY UPSET,

225
00:12:57,493 --> 00:12:58,577
AND THEY SAID,
"GENERAL, WHAT SHALL WE DO?"

226
00:12:58,577 --> 00:13:02,364
AND HE SAID, "SPLIT IN TWO
AND CHARGE BOTH WAYS,"

227
00:13:02,364 --> 00:13:05,084
AND DID AND GOT OUT.

228
00:13:05,084 --> 00:13:07,787
IN JUNE 1864,

229
00:13:07,787 --> 00:13:10,506
IN AN ATTEMPT TO CUT OFF
SHERMAN'S SUPPLIES

230
00:13:10,506 --> 00:13:13,759
AT BRICE'S CROSSROADS
NEAR TUPELO, MISSISSIPPI,

231
00:13:13,759 --> 00:13:17,546
FORREST OUTDID EVEN HIMSELF.

232
00:13:17,546 --> 00:13:19,181
THE UNION ARMY
COMING TO STOP HIM

233
00:13:19,181 --> 00:13:21,350
WAS NEARLY 3 TIMES
AS STRONG AS HIS,

234
00:13:21,350 --> 00:13:24,053
BUT FORREST WAS UNIMPRESSED.

235
00:13:24,053 --> 00:13:26,222
FACTORING IN
THE MUD-CLOGGED ROADS

236
00:13:26,222 --> 00:13:28,390
AND THE BLAZING MID-JUNE SUN,

237
00:13:28,390 --> 00:13:30,025
HE PREDICTED
THE UNION CAVALRY

238
00:13:30,025 --> 00:13:33,279
WOULD ARRIVE WELL AHEAD
OF THE UNION INFANTRY,

239
00:13:33,279 --> 00:13:37,066
GIVING HIM TIME TO WHIP IT
ON HIS OWN TERMS.

240
00:13:37,066 --> 00:13:41,403
IT ALL HAPPENED
EXACTLY AS HE SAID.

241
00:13:41,403 --> 00:13:43,038
[CANNON FIRE]

242
00:13:43,038 --> 00:13:46,292
NO ARMY, IT SEEMED,
COULD STOP HIM.

243
00:13:46,292 --> 00:13:49,545
FORREST WAS FREE TO SLASH
AT SHERMAN'S FORCES,

244
00:13:49,545 --> 00:13:52,798
SLOWING HIS APPROACH
TO ATLANTA.

245
00:13:58,420 --> 00:14:00,589
"FORREST MUST BE HUNTED DOWN
AND KILLED

246
00:14:00,589 --> 00:14:02,758
"IF IT COST 10,000 LIVES

247
00:14:02,758 --> 00:14:06,011
AND BANKRUPTS
THAT FEDERAL TREASURY."

248
00:14:06,011 --> 00:14:08,180
WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN.

249
00:14:16,322 --> 00:14:19,024
"WHO SHALL REVIVE
THE WITHERED HOPES

250
00:14:19,024 --> 00:14:21,744
"THAT BLOOMED AT THE OPENING
OF GRANT'S CAMPAIGN?

251
00:14:21,744 --> 00:14:25,531
"ALL ARE TIRED
OF THIS DAMNABLE TRAGEDY.

252
00:14:25,531 --> 00:14:29,835
"EACH HOUR IS BUT SINKING US
DEEPER INTO BANKRUPTCY

253
00:14:29,835 --> 00:14:32,004
AND DESOLATION."

254
00:14:32,004 --> 00:14:34,173
NEW YORK <i>WORLD.</i>

255
00:14:34,173 --> 00:14:39,044
THE SUMMER OF 1864
WAS THE NORTH'S DARKEST HOUR.

256
00:14:39,595 --> 00:14:41,764
GRANT'S LOSSES
HAD BEEN APPALLING.

257
00:14:42,298 --> 00:14:45,551
HIS ARMY WAS STALLED
IN FRONT OF PETERSBURG,

258
00:14:45,551 --> 00:14:48,804
HIS GRAND STRATEGY
APPARENTLY COME TO NOTHING.

259
00:14:48,804 --> 00:14:53,692
FRANZ SIGEL'S ARMY HAD BEEN
ROUTED IN THE SHENANDOAH.

260
00:14:53,692 --> 00:14:57,479
BEN BUTLER WAS BOTTLED UP
IN A LOOP OF THE JAMES RIVER

261
00:14:57,479 --> 00:15:00,199
CALLED THE BERMUDA HUNDRED.

262
00:15:00,199 --> 00:15:05,621
EVEN WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN
WAS STALLED OUTSIDE ATLANTA.

263
00:15:05,621 --> 00:15:08,324
"MR. LINCOLN
IS ALREADY BEATEN.

264
00:15:08,324 --> 00:15:10,492
"HE CANNOT BE RE-ELECTED,

265
00:15:10,492 --> 00:15:13,212
AND WE MUST HAVE
ANOTHER TICKET."

266
00:15:13,746 --> 00:15:15,915
HORACE GREELEY.

267
00:15:15,915 --> 00:15:18,634
NO NATION HAD EVER
HELD AN ELECTION

268
00:15:19,168 --> 00:15:21,337
IN THE MIDST
OF A CIVIL WAR.

269
00:15:21,337 --> 00:15:23,505
NO PRESIDENT
SINCE ANDREW JACKSON

270
00:15:23,505 --> 00:15:25,140
HAD WON A SECOND TERM.

271
00:15:25,140 --> 00:15:26,759
LONG AFTER LINCOLN
WAS NOMINATED,

272
00:15:26,759 --> 00:15:30,562
POLITICIANS IN HIS OWN PARTY
STILL HOPED TO RECONVENE

273
00:15:30,562 --> 00:15:33,265
AND PICK ANOTHER NOMINEE.

274
00:15:33,265 --> 00:15:37,069
EVEN LINCOLN BELIEVED
HIS RE-ELECTION UNLIKELY.

275
00:15:39,238 --> 00:15:43,575
"WE CANNOT HAVE FREE GOVERNMENT
WITHOUT ELECTIONS,

276
00:15:43,575 --> 00:15:45,694
"AND IF THE REBELLION
COULD FORCE US

277
00:15:45,694 --> 00:15:49,498
"TO FOREGO OR POSTPONE
A NATIONAL ELECTION,

278
00:15:49,498 --> 00:15:52,167
"IT MIGHT FAIRLY BE CLAIMED

279
00:15:52,167 --> 00:15:55,955
TO HAVE ALREADY
CONQUERED AND RUINED US."

280
00:15:55,955 --> 00:15:58,674
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.

281
00:15:58,674 --> 00:16:02,428
"AFTER 4 YEARS OF FAILURE
TO RESTORE THE UNION

282
00:16:02,428 --> 00:16:04,596
"BY THE EXPERIMENT OF WAR,

283
00:16:04,596 --> 00:16:06,765
"WE DEMAND
THAT IMMEDIATE EFFORT BE MADE

284
00:16:06,765 --> 00:16:08,934
"FOR A CESSATION
OF HOSTILITIES

285
00:16:08,934 --> 00:16:11,103
AT THE EARLIEST
PRACTICABLE MOMENT."

286
00:16:11,637 --> 00:16:13,806
DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL PLATFORM.

287
00:16:13,806 --> 00:16:16,525
THE DEMOCRATS WANTED
AN END TO THE WAR,

288
00:16:16,525 --> 00:16:19,228
WITH OR WITHOUT VICTORY.

289
00:16:19,228 --> 00:16:21,947
THEIR NOMINEE WAS
GENERAL GEORGE McCLELLAN,

290
00:16:21,947 --> 00:16:23,565
WHOSE AMBITION
HAD NOT SHRUNK

291
00:16:23,565 --> 00:16:26,285
SINCE LINCOLN REMOVED HIM
FROM COMMAND.

292
00:16:30,622 --> 00:16:31,707
"McCLELLAN WAS
OUR FIRST COMMANDER,

293
00:16:31,707 --> 00:16:34,960
"AND AS SUCH, HE WAS ALMOST
WORSHIPPED BY HIS SOLDIERS.

294
00:16:34,960 --> 00:16:36,578
"THE POLITICAL FRIENDS
OF GENERAL McCLELLAN

295
00:16:36,578 --> 00:16:38,213
"WELL UNDERSTOOD THAT FACT,

296
00:16:38,213 --> 00:16:40,382
"AND IT WAS A VERY CRAFTY THING
FOR THEM TO NOMINATE HIM

297
00:16:40,382 --> 00:16:44,720
AS THEIR CANDIDATE
FOR THE PRESID[ENCY."

298
00:16:44,720 --> 00:16:47,973
THE SOUTH REJOICED
AT McCLELLAN'S NOMINATION.

299
00:16:47,973 --> 00:16:49,058
"THE FIRST RAY OF REAL LIGHT,"

300
00:16:49,058 --> 00:16:51,760
VICE-PRESIDENT
ALEXANDER STEPHENS SAID,

301
00:16:51,760 --> 00:16:53,929
"SINCE THE WAR BEGAN."

302
00:16:57,733 --> 00:17:00,986
THE SOUTH EXPLOITED
ANTIWAR FEELING IN THE NORTH.

303
00:17:00,986 --> 00:17:02,604
THE CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT
SENT MONEY

304
00:17:02,604 --> 00:17:04,773
TO SUPPORT
THE UNION PEACE MOVEMENT

305
00:17:05,324 --> 00:17:08,027
AND PAINTED LINCOLN
AS THE CANDIDATE OF WAR.

306
00:17:10,746 --> 00:17:12,915
THE CAMPAIGN WAS UGLY.

307
00:17:12,915 --> 00:17:16,168
DEMOCRATS CHARGED THAT
THE REAL GOAL OF OLD ABE'S WAR

308
00:17:16,168 --> 00:17:17,786
WAS MISCEGENATION,

309
00:17:18,337 --> 00:17:21,590
A NEW WORD FOR THE "BLENDING
OF WHITE AND BLACK."

310
00:17:21,590 --> 00:17:26,428
REPUBLICANS CHARGED DEMOCRATS
WITH TREASON.

311
00:17:26,428 --> 00:17:30,716
THE 1864 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

312
00:17:30,716 --> 00:17:33,969
HAD BECOME A REFERENDUM
ON THE WAR ITSELF.

313
00:17:39,942 --> 00:17:41,560
ALL THE WORD
FROM ALL REPUBLICANS,

314
00:17:41,560 --> 00:17:43,195
EVEN ON THE MOST
LOCAL LEVEL,

315
00:17:43,195 --> 00:17:45,364
INDICATED THAT LINCOLN
COULDN'T POSSIBLY WIN.

316
00:17:45,364 --> 00:17:48,067
THE FORTUNES OF WAR
HAD TURNED TOO BADLY, TOO SOUR FOR THE UNION.

317
00:17:48,067 --> 00:17:52,404
AT ONE REALLY POIGNANT MOMENT,

318
00:17:52,955 --> 00:17:55,657
LINCOLN SAT IN THE PRIVACY
OF HIS OFFICE

319
00:17:55,657 --> 00:17:57,292
CONTEMPLATING THE FACT

320
00:17:57,292 --> 00:17:58,911
THAT HE PROBABLY
WASN'T GOING TO BE RE-ELECTED

321
00:17:58,911 --> 00:18:00,546
AND THAT McCLELLAN,
OF ALL PEOPLE,

322
00:18:00,546 --> 00:18:03,248
WOULD REPLACE HIM
AS PRESIDENT.

323
00:18:04,249 --> 00:18:06,969
"THIS MORNING,
AS FOR SOME DAYS PAST,

324
00:18:06,969 --> 00:18:09,671
"IT SEEMS EXCEEDINGLY PROBABLE
THAT THIS ADMINISTRATION

325
00:18:10,222 --> 00:18:12,925
"WILL NOT BE RE-ELECTED.

326
00:18:12,925 --> 00:18:14,560
"THEN IT WILL BE MY DUTY

327
00:18:14,560 --> 00:18:16,728
"TO SO COOPERATE
WITH THE PRESIDENT-ELECT

328
00:18:17,262 --> 00:18:18,897
"AS TO SAVE THE UNION

329
00:18:18,897 --> 00:18:22,684
"BETWEEN THE ELECTION
AND THE INAUGURATION

330
00:18:22,684 --> 00:18:25,404
"AS HE WILL HAVE SECURED
HIS ELECTION ON SUCH GROUND

331
00:18:25,404 --> 00:18:30,275
THAT HE CANNOT <i>POSSIBLY</i>
<i>SAVE IT AFTERWARD."</i>

332
00:18:30,275 --> 00:18:32,995
PRESSURED
TO DROP EMANCIPATION

333
00:18:32,995 --> 00:18:35,164
AS A CONDITION OF PEACE
WITH THE SOUTH,

334
00:18:35,697 --> 00:18:37,332
LINCOLN REFUSED.

335
00:18:37,332 --> 00:18:41,120
"THE PROCLAMATION HAD PROMISED
FREEDOM," LINCOLN SAID,

336
00:18:41,120 --> 00:18:44,373
"AND THE PROMISE BEING MADE,
MUST BE KEPT."

337
00:18:44,373 --> 00:18:50,345
"I SHOULD BE DAMNED
IN TIME AND IN ETERNITY

338
00:18:50,345 --> 00:18:52,514
"IF I WERE
TO RETURN TO SLAVERY

339
00:18:52,514 --> 00:18:56,852
THE BLACK WARRIORS
WHO HAVE FOUGHT FOR THE UNION."

340
00:19:17,976 --> 00:19:19,595
ATTENTION!

341
00:19:19,595 --> 00:19:20,679
FIRE!

342
00:19:20,679 --> 00:19:25,017
[GUNSHOT]

343
00:19:25,017 --> 00:19:28,270
"SPY JOHNSON,
SHOT NEAR COFFIN."

344
00:19:32,608 --> 00:19:33,692
EVEN BEFORE BULL RUN,

345
00:19:34,243 --> 00:19:36,411
STOLEN SECRETS
AND INTRICATE CODES

346
00:19:36,411 --> 00:19:39,665
STREAMED BETWEEN WASHINGTON
AND RICHMOND.

347
00:19:46,705 --> 00:19:49,958
ALLAN PINKERTON RAN
THE NORTHERN SECRET SERVICE,

348
00:19:49,958 --> 00:19:52,678
WHILE CONFEDERATE
MAJOR WILLIAM NORRIS

349
00:19:52,678 --> 00:19:57,015
HAD A SPY NETWORK THAT EXTENDED
AS FAR NORTH AS MONTREAL.

350
00:19:57,015 --> 00:20:00,802
IN 1864,
SEVERAL SOUTHERN AGENTS

351
00:20:00,802 --> 00:20:02,971
EVEN INVADED VERMONT.

352
00:20:04,606 --> 00:20:07,860
SPIES WERE EVERYWHERE.

353
00:20:07,860 --> 00:20:12,197
"WOMEN WHO COME BEFORE
THE PUBLIC ARE IN A BAD BOX NOW.

354
00:20:12,197 --> 00:20:14,366
"ALL MANNER OF THINGS, THEY SAY,
COME OVER THE BORDER

355
00:20:14,900 --> 00:20:17,069
"UNDER THE HUGE HOOPS
NOW WORN,

356
00:20:17,069 --> 00:20:19,738
"SO THEY ARE
RUTHLESSLY TORN OFF.

357
00:20:19,738 --> 00:20:22,991
"NOT LEGS BUT ARMS
ARE LOOKED FOR UNDER HOOPS

358
00:20:22,991 --> 00:20:26,245
AND, SAD TO SAY, FOUND."

359
00:20:26,245 --> 00:20:28,413
MARY CHESNUT.

360
00:20:28,413 --> 00:20:32,217
ROSE O'NEAL GREENHOW,
A WASHINGTON WIDOW,

361
00:20:32,217 --> 00:20:33,835
RAN A CONFEDERATE SPY RING

362
00:20:33,835 --> 00:20:36,555
JUST A FEW BLOCKS
FROM THE WHITE HOUSE.

363
00:20:36,555 --> 00:20:39,808
MUCH OF HER INFORMATION
CAME FROM AN INFATUATED SUITOR,

364
00:20:39,808 --> 00:20:41,426
SENATOR HENRY WILSON,

365
00:20:41,977 --> 00:20:44,680
CHAIRMAN OF THE MILITARY AFFAIRS
COMMITTEE.

366
00:20:49,017 --> 00:20:51,737
IMPRISONMENT FAILED
TO STOP BELLE BOYD

367
00:20:51,737 --> 00:20:54,990
FROM COAXING SECRETS OUT
OF UNION OFFICERS IN WASHINGTON

368
00:20:55,524 --> 00:20:58,243
AND PASSING THEM ON
IN CODE TO RICHMOND

369
00:20:58,243 --> 00:21:01,496
INSIDE RUBBER BALLS THAT
SHE TOSSED FROM HER CELL WINDOW

370
00:21:01,496 --> 00:21:05,284
TO A SHADOWY AGENT
SHE KNEW ONLY AS "C.H."

371
00:21:05,284 --> 00:21:10,172
HER ADMIRERS CALLED HER
"LA BELLE REBELLE."

372
00:21:12,874 --> 00:21:15,043
SLAVES AND FORMER SLAVES

373
00:21:15,043 --> 00:21:17,763
MADE ESPECIALLY GOOD
UNION OPERATIVES,

374
00:21:17,763 --> 00:21:21,016
GUIDING NORTHERN TROOPS
THROUGH SWAMPS AND FORESTS

375
00:21:21,016 --> 00:21:23,185
AND REPORTING
ON THEIR MASTERS.

376
00:21:23,185 --> 00:21:26,438
"AFTER ALL,"
ONE UNION OFFICER SAID,

377
00:21:26,438 --> 00:21:30,225
"THEY HAD BEEN SPIES
ALL THEIR LIVES."

378
00:21:30,225 --> 00:21:31,310
ONE NORTHERN AGENT,

379
00:21:31,860 --> 00:21:34,563
A BLACK SERVANT NAMED
MARY ELIZABETH BOWSER,

380
00:21:34,563 --> 00:21:37,816
EVEN WORKED INSIDE
THE CONFEDERATE WHITE HOUSE.

381
00:21:37,816 --> 00:21:41,036
[DRUM BEATING SLOWLY]

382
00:21:44,289 --> 00:21:45,907
IN NOVEMBER OF 1863,

383
00:21:46,458 --> 00:21:48,076
A SOUTHERN COURIER,
SAM DAVIS,

384
00:21:48,076 --> 00:21:50,245
WAS SENTENCED TO DEATH
AT PULASKI, TENNESSEE,

385
00:21:50,245 --> 00:21:54,049
FOR SPYING.

386
00:21:54,049 --> 00:21:55,133
ON THE SCAFFOLD,

387
00:21:55,667 --> 00:21:58,387
DAVIS' BRAVERY PROVED SO MOVING
THAT THE COMMANDING GENERAL

388
00:21:58,387 --> 00:22:02,174
WAS UNABLE TO GIVE
THE ORDER OF EXECUTION.

389
00:22:02,724 --> 00:22:05,427
DAVIS FINALLY
GAVE IT HIMSELF.

390
00:22:07,596 --> 00:22:09,231
[GALLOWS TRAP DOOR OPENS]

391
00:22:13,035 --> 00:22:15,203
[CANNON FIRE]

392
00:22:17,906 --> 00:22:22,794
"JULY 21st, THURSDAY,
IN FRONT OF PETERSBURG.

393
00:22:22,794 --> 00:22:24,413
"THE MINE WHICH
GENERAL BURNSIDE IS MAKING

394
00:22:24,963 --> 00:22:26,048
"CAUSES A GOOD DEAL OF TALK

395
00:22:26,048 --> 00:22:28,750
"AND IS GENERALLY
MUCH LAUGHED AT.

396
00:22:28,750 --> 00:22:31,470
"IT IS AN AFFAIR
OF HIS OWN ENTIRELY

397
00:22:31,470 --> 00:22:35,257
AND HAS NOTHING TO DO
WITH THE REGULAR SIEGE."

398
00:22:35,257 --> 00:22:36,892
FOR A MONTH,

399
00:22:36,892 --> 00:22:39,061
A REGIMENT OF PENNSYLVANIA
COAL MINERS

400
00:22:39,061 --> 00:22:43,398
WORKED TO DIG A 500-FOOT TUNNEL
BENEATH THE CONFEDERATE LINES

401
00:22:43,398 --> 00:22:47,185
AND PACK IT WITH 4 TONS
OF GUNPOWDER.

402
00:22:47,185 --> 00:22:49,354
BURNSIDE'S IDEA WAS
TO BLOW A HOLE

403
00:22:49,354 --> 00:22:50,989
IN THE PETERSBURG DEFENSES,

404
00:22:50,989 --> 00:22:53,692
THEN RUSH THROUGH
TO TAKE THE TOWN.

405
00:22:53,692 --> 00:22:55,861
ABOVE GROUND,
NOT FAR FROM THE TUNNEL,

406
00:22:55,861 --> 00:22:58,030
THE UNSUSPECTING
CONFEDERATE COMMANDER

407
00:22:58,030 --> 00:23:00,198
WAS GENERAL WILLIAM MAHONE,

408
00:23:00,198 --> 00:23:01,833
A VETERAN OF ALMOST
EVERY MAJOR BATTLE

409
00:23:01,833 --> 00:23:05,087
FOUGHT BY THE ARMY
OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA.

410
00:23:07,255 --> 00:23:10,509
AT DAWN ON JULY 30,
UNION SAPPERS LIT THE FUSE.

411
00:23:10,509 --> 00:23:12,127
A GREAT CRATER
WAS TORN IN THE EARTH

412
00:23:12,127 --> 00:23:13,145
[EXPLOSION]

413
00:23:22,304 --> 00:23:26,641
30 FEET DEEP, 70 FEET WIDE,
250 FEET LONG.

414
00:23:26,641 --> 00:23:28,810
[EXPLOSION]

415
00:23:28,810 --> 00:23:30,979
THE STUNNED CONFEDERATES
FELL BACK.

416
00:23:31,530 --> 00:23:33,732
THEN THE PLAN
BEGAN TO FALL APART.

417
00:23:34,166 --> 00:23:35,467
A PRECIOUS HOUR WENT BY

418
00:23:35,467 --> 00:23:38,070
BEFORE THE UNION ASSAULT FORCE
GOT STARTED,

419
00:23:38,070 --> 00:23:39,371
AND WHEN IT DID,

420
00:23:39,371 --> 00:23:41,973
3 DIVISIONS STORMED
DOWN <i>INT</i> OTHE GREAT HOLE,

421
00:23:42,407 --> 00:23:46,328
THEIR COMMANDER,
GENERAL JAMES H. LEDLIE,

422
00:23:46,328 --> 00:23:48,497
DID NOT EVEN
WATCH THE BATTLE,

423
00:23:48,497 --> 00:23:52,834
HUDDLING INSTEAD IN A BOMBPROOF
SHELTER WITH A BOTTLE OF RUM.

424
00:23:56,088 --> 00:23:58,256
ONCE INSIDE THE CRATER,
THE UNION SOLDIERS FOUND

425
00:23:58,256 --> 00:24:02,060
THERE WAS NO WAY UP THE SHEER
30-FOOT WALL OF THE PIT,

426
00:24:02,060 --> 00:24:04,763
AND NO ONE HAD THOUGHT
TO PROVIDE LADDERS.

427
00:24:04,763 --> 00:24:09,101
GENERAL MAHONE ORDERED
HIS MEN BACK TO THE RIM

428
00:24:09,101 --> 00:24:12,354
TO POUR FIRE DOWN UPON THEM.

429
00:24:12,904 --> 00:24:14,523
SCORES OF BLACK TROOPS
WERE KILLED

430
00:24:14,523 --> 00:24:16,691
WHEN THEY TRIED TO SURRENDER
AT THE CRATER,

431
00:24:16,691 --> 00:24:19,861
BAYONETED OR CLUBBED
BY CONFEDERATES SHOUTING,

432
00:24:19,861 --> 00:24:22,030
"TAKE THE WHITE MAN!
KILL THE NIGGER!"

433
00:24:22,581 --> 00:24:28,003
[BUGLE SOUNDING]

434
00:24:38,847 --> 00:24:39,931
"IT WAS THE SADDEST AFFAIR

435
00:24:39,931 --> 00:24:43,185
"I HAVE EVER WITNESSED
IN THE WAR.

436
00:24:43,185 --> 00:24:46,972
"SUCH OPPORTUNITY
FOR CARRYING FORTIFICATIONS

437
00:24:46,972 --> 00:24:50,776
I HAVE NEVER SEEN AND DO NOT
EXPECT AGAIN TO HAVE."

438
00:24:51,309 --> 00:24:52,944
ULYSSES S. GRANT.

439
00:24:54,563 --> 00:24:57,816
GENERAL LEDLIE
WAS DISMISSED FROM THE SERVICE.

440
00:24:57,816 --> 00:24:59,451
BURNSIDE WAS GRANTED
EXTENDED LEAVE

441
00:24:59,451 --> 00:25:02,154
AND NEVER RECALLED TO DUTY.

442
00:25:02,704 --> 00:25:06,491
"JULY 30, 1864.

443
00:25:06,491 --> 00:25:08,660
"THE WORK AND EXPECTATIONS
OF ALMOST TWO MONTHS

444
00:25:08,660 --> 00:25:10,829
"HAVE BEEN BLASTED.

445
00:25:10,829 --> 00:25:14,633
"THE FIRST TEMPORARY SUCCESS
HAD ELATED EVERYONE SO MUCH

446
00:25:14,633 --> 00:25:18,420
"THAT WE ALREADY HAD IMAGINED
OURSELVES IN PETERSBURG,

447
00:25:18,420 --> 00:25:20,055
"BUT 15 MINUTES
CHANGED IT ALL

448
00:25:20,055 --> 00:25:22,757
"AND PLUNGED EVERYONE
INTO A FEELING OF DESPAIR

449
00:25:22,757 --> 00:25:26,011
"ALMOST OF EVER
ACCOMPLISHING ANYTHING.

450
00:25:26,011 --> 00:25:28,180
"FEW OFFICERS CAN BE FOUND
THIS EVENING

451
00:25:28,730 --> 00:25:30,348
"WHO HAVE NOT DROWNED
THEIR SORROWS

452
00:25:30,348 --> 00:25:32,517
IN THE FLOWING BOWL."

453
00:25:32,517 --> 00:25:34,686
WASHINGTON ROEBLING.

454
00:26:45,090 --> 00:26:47,809
"THE DAY HAS BEEN
SO EXCESSIVELY HOT

455
00:26:47,809 --> 00:26:49,978
"THAT I AM ALMOST MELTED.

456
00:26:49,978 --> 00:26:52,147
"THE THERMOMETER
IN THE WARDROOM

457
00:26:52,147 --> 00:26:54,316
"STANDS AT 90 DEGREES,

458
00:26:54,316 --> 00:26:56,484
"WHILE ON DECK THE WEATHER
IS VERY PLEASANT,

459
00:26:56,484 --> 00:27:00,272
"A FAIR BREEZE
BLOWING FROM THE EAST.

460
00:27:00,272 --> 00:27:03,525
"EVERYTHING IS DIRTY,
EVERYTHING SMELLS BAD,

461
00:27:03,525 --> 00:27:06,244
"EVERYBODY IS DEMORALIZED.

462
00:27:06,244 --> 00:27:08,413
"HOW ARE YOU, IRONCLAD?

463
00:27:08,413 --> 00:27:11,116
"A MAN WHO WOULD STAY
IN AN IRONCLAD FROM CHOICE

464
00:27:11,116 --> 00:27:13,835
"IS A CANDIDATE
FOR THE INSANE ASYLUM,

465
00:27:13,835 --> 00:27:17,539
"AND HE WHO STAYS FROM
COMPULSION IS AN OBJECT OF PITY.

466
00:27:17,539 --> 00:27:20,792
FRESH LEAKS ARE BREAKING OUT
EVERY DAY."

467
00:27:20,792 --> 00:27:22,961
ROBERT B. ELY.

468
00:27:26,765 --> 00:27:27,849
FOR TWO FULL YEARS NOW,

469
00:27:28,383 --> 00:27:30,552
UNION TROOPS HAD OCCUPIED
FORT PULASKI

470
00:27:30,552 --> 00:27:33,271
AT THE ENTRANCE
TO SAVANNAH HARBOR,

471
00:27:33,271 --> 00:27:35,974
BLOCKING CONFEDERATE SUPPLIES
AND WAITING PATIENTLY

472
00:27:36,524 --> 00:27:40,312
FOR A UNION ARMY TO COME
AND SEIZE THE CITY ITSELF.

473
00:27:42,480 --> 00:27:45,200
TO FILL THE TIME,
THE MEN PLAYED BASEBALL,

474
00:27:45,734 --> 00:27:48,453
FAST BECOMING
THE NATIONAL PASTIME,

475
00:27:48,453 --> 00:27:50,622
SOUTH AS WELL AS NORTH.

476
00:27:50,622 --> 00:27:52,240
[BAT HITS BALL]

477
00:27:52,240 --> 00:27:53,325
BUT 300 MILES AWAY,

478
00:27:53,875 --> 00:27:56,578
SHERMAN WAS STUCK
IN THE HILLS OF NORTH GEORGIA.Ãºb

479
00:27:57,128 --> 00:27:59,297
"THE ENEMY MUST HAVE

480
00:27:59,297 --> 00:28:02,000
AT LEAST 50 MILES OF
CONNECTED TRENCHES," HE WROTE.

481
00:28:02,000 --> 00:28:05,804
"THE WHOLE COUNTRY
IS ONE VAST FORT."

482
00:28:18,266 --> 00:28:20,435
"I THINK THE DAMNED OLD CUSS
OF A PREACHER

483
00:28:20,435 --> 00:28:22,604
"LIED LIKE <i>DIXIE,</i>

484
00:28:22,604 --> 00:28:24,239
"FOR HE SAID THAT
GOD HAS FOUGHT ALL OUR BATTLES

485
00:28:24,773 --> 00:28:26,941
"AND WON OUR VICTORIES.

486
00:28:26,941 --> 00:28:31,279
"NOW, IF HE HAD DONE ALL THAT,
WHY IS IT NOT IN THE PAPERS

487
00:28:31,279 --> 00:28:33,999
AND WHY HAS
HE NOT BEEN PROMOTED?"

488
00:28:33,999 --> 00:28:37,252
SERGEANT ALBINUS FELL.

489
00:28:37,252 --> 00:28:40,505
"IS IT POSSIBLE THAT GOD
WILL BLESS A PEOPLE

490
00:28:40,505 --> 00:28:42,674
"AS WICKED AS OUR SOLDIER?

491
00:28:42,674 --> 00:28:43,758
"I FEAR NOT.

492
00:28:43,758 --> 00:28:47,545
"ONE UNCEASING TIDE
OF BLASPHEMY AND WICKEDNESS,

493
00:28:47,545 --> 00:28:49,714
COARSENESS AND OBSCENITY."

494
00:28:49,714 --> 00:28:52,434
ORVILLE C. BUMPASS.

495
00:28:52,434 --> 00:28:55,136
MEN BET ON ANYTHING--

496
00:28:55,687 --> 00:28:57,856
BOXING MATCHES,
HORSE RACES,

497
00:28:57,856 --> 00:29:00,558
BASEBALL GAMES,
AND COCKFIGHTS.

498
00:29:00,558 --> 00:29:02,727
IN UNION CAMPS,
VICTORIOUS BIRDS

499
00:29:02,727 --> 00:29:04,362
NAMED "GRANT"
AND "BILL SHERMAN"

500
00:29:04,362 --> 00:29:07,065
FOUGHT LOSERS CALLED
"BEAUREGARD," "JEFF DAVIS,"

501
00:29:07,615 --> 00:29:09,234
AND "BOB LEE."

502
00:29:11,403 --> 00:29:14,656
"THE BOYS WOULD FREQUENTLY
HAVE A LOUSE RACE.

503
00:29:14,656 --> 00:29:16,291
"THE LICE WERE PLACED
IN PLATES.

504
00:29:16,825 --> 00:29:18,993
"AND THE FIRST THAT CRAWLED OFF
WAS THE WINNER.

505
00:29:18,993 --> 00:29:20,628
"THERE WAS ONE FELLOW
NAMED DORNIN,

506
00:29:21,162 --> 00:29:22,797
"WHO WAS WINNING
ALL THE MONEY.

507
00:29:22,797 --> 00:29:24,966
"WE COULD NOT UNDERSTAND IT.

508
00:29:24,966 --> 00:29:27,135
"IF A FELLOW HAPPENED TO CATCH
A FIERCE-LOOKING LOUSE,

509
00:29:27,135 --> 00:29:29,838
"HE WOULD CALL ON DORNIN
FOR A RACE.

510
00:29:29,838 --> 00:29:32,557
"DORNIN WOULD COME
AND ALWAYS WIN THE STAKE.

511
00:29:32,557 --> 00:29:34,642
"AT LAST WE FOUND OUT
DORNIN'S TRICK--

512
00:29:34,642 --> 00:29:37,345
HE ALWAYS
<i>HEATED THE PLATE."</i>

513
00:29:37,896 --> 00:29:40,065
SAM WATKINS.

514
00:29:40,065 --> 00:29:44,402
"RUTLAND, VERMONT.
DEAR EDWARD,

515
00:29:44,402 --> 00:29:47,105
"IT WILL BE HARD
TO HAVE ALL MY SONS GO,

516
00:29:47,105 --> 00:29:50,358
"BUT IF IT IS RIGHT,
I'VE NOTHING TO SAY.

517
00:29:50,909 --> 00:29:52,527
"AS YOU VALUE
YOUR GOOD NAME,

518
00:29:53,078 --> 00:29:53,611
"YOUR PEACE OF MIND,

519
00:29:53,611 --> 00:29:56,331
"AND HAPPINESS HERE
AND HEREAFTER,

520
00:29:56,331 --> 00:29:59,584
"DO KEEP ALOOF
FROM CARD PLAYING,

521
00:29:59,584 --> 00:30:04,456
"FOR IMPERCEPTIBLY YOU WILL
BE LED, I FEAR, TO GAMBLING.

522
00:30:04,456 --> 00:30:06,624
YOUR DEVOTED MOTHER."

523
00:30:08,259 --> 00:30:13,131
THERE WERE IN ALL
450 BROTHELS IN WASHINGTON, D.C.,

524
00:30:13,131 --> 00:30:15,850
KNOWN TO STEADY CUSTOMERS
AS "FORT SUMTER,"

525
00:30:15,850 --> 00:30:18,019
"MADAME RUSSELL'S
BAKE OVEN,"

526
00:30:18,019 --> 00:30:21,272
AND "HEADQUARTERS, U.S.A."

527
00:30:21,272 --> 00:30:25,059
MEN CALLED A TRIP THERE
"GOING DOWN THE LINE."

528
00:30:26,694 --> 00:30:29,397
"I HAD A GOOD TIME
IN WASHINGTON--

529
00:30:29,397 --> 00:30:31,566
"LAGER BEER
AND A HORSE AND BUGGY,

530
00:30:31,566 --> 00:30:34,819
"AND IN THE EVENING,
HORIZONTAL REFRESHMENTS,

531
00:30:34,819 --> 00:30:38,623
"OR IN PLAINER WORDS,
RIDING A DUTCH GAL.

532
00:30:38,623 --> 00:30:41,326
HAD A GOOD TIME GENERALLY,
I TELL YOU."

533
00:30:41,326 --> 00:30:44,045
PRIVATE ELI VEAZIE.

534
00:30:53,805 --> 00:30:55,423
"IN THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS,

535
00:30:55,423 --> 00:30:58,676
"WE COULD SEE SIGNS
OF SMOTHERED HATE AND PREJUDICE

536
00:30:58,676 --> 00:31:03,565
"TO BOTH OUR COLOR AND PRESENT
CHARACTER AS UNION SOLDIERS,

537
00:31:03,565 --> 00:31:06,768
"BUT FOR ONCE IN HIS LIFE,

538
00:31:06,768 --> 00:31:10,021
"YOUR HUMBLE CORRESPONDENT
WALKED FEARLESSLY AND BOLDLY

539
00:31:10,021 --> 00:31:12,740
"THROUGH THE STREETS
OF A SOUTHERN CITY,

540
00:31:12,740 --> 00:31:14,359
"AND HE DID THIS

541
00:31:14,359 --> 00:31:18,163
"WITHOUT BEING REQUIRED TO TAKE
OFF HIS CAP AT EVERY STEP

542
00:31:18,163 --> 00:31:19,781
"OR TO GIVE
ALL THE SIDEWALKS

543
00:31:19,781 --> 00:31:23,034
"TO THOSE LORDLY PRINCES
OF THE SUNNY SOUTH,

544
00:31:23,034 --> 00:31:25,203
"THE PLANTERS' SONS.

545
00:31:25,203 --> 00:31:27,922
"OH, CHIVALRY!

546
00:31:27,922 --> 00:31:32,794
"HOW HAST THOU LOST
THY POTENT POWER AND CHARMS?

547
00:31:32,794 --> 00:31:37,682
"BY WHAT MEANS, PRAY TELL ME,
HAST THOU SO DEGENERATED

548
00:31:37,682 --> 00:31:40,935
"AS TO LOSE THE RESPECT
AND ADMIRATION

549
00:31:41,469 --> 00:31:44,722
EVEN OF THE SABLE SONS
OF AFRICA?"

550
00:31:45,807 --> 00:31:49,060
THAT SUMMER, CONGRESS
FINALLY PASSED LEGISLATION

551
00:31:49,060 --> 00:31:53,948
GIVING BLACK SOLDIERS
EQUAL PAY WITH WHITES.

552
00:31:53,948 --> 00:31:57,735
ON AUGUST 5, 1864,

553
00:31:57,735 --> 00:32:00,989
UNION ADMIRAL DAVID FARRAGUT
LED 18 SHIPS

554
00:32:00,989 --> 00:32:02,624
STORMING PAST 3 FORTS

555
00:32:02,624 --> 00:32:06,411
TO ENGAGE THE CONFEDERATE FLEET
GUARDING MOBILE BAY.

556
00:32:07,495 --> 00:32:11,299
FARRAGUT SUFFERED FROM VERTIGO
SO INTENSE

557
00:32:11,299 --> 00:32:15,086
HE ORDERED HIMSELF LASHED
TO THE RIGGING OF HIS FLAGSHIP.

558
00:32:15,086 --> 00:32:16,721
WHEN A MINE SANK
THE LEAD VESSEL

559
00:32:16,721 --> 00:32:19,974
AND THE CAPTAINS
OF THE OTHER SHIPS HESITATED,

560
00:32:19,974 --> 00:32:24,312
"DAMN THE TORPEDOES,
FULL SPEED AHEAD!"

561
00:32:24,312 --> 00:32:27,565
AND RAMMED AND SHELLED
THE REBEL FLEET INTO SUBMISSION.

562
00:32:33,521 --> 00:32:35,156
IT WAS THE FIRST GOOD NEWS

563
00:32:35,156 --> 00:32:37,859
FOR THE UNION,
AND LINCOLN, ALL YEAR.

564
00:32:48,703 --> 00:32:51,956
"IN CAMP. NEAR ATLANTA.

565
00:32:51,956 --> 00:32:53,591
"DEAR COMPANION,

566
00:32:53,591 --> 00:32:56,294
"I SEAT MYSELF
ONE TIME MORE IN LIFE

567
00:32:56,294 --> 00:32:57,929
"TO DROP YOU A FEW LINES.

568
00:32:58,463 --> 00:33:00,632
"I AM WORE OUT MARCHING.

569
00:33:00,632 --> 00:33:02,267
"WE HAVE BEEN RUNNING
FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER

570
00:33:02,267 --> 00:33:04,435
"FOR 5 DAYS.

571
00:33:04,435 --> 00:33:08,222
I MUST CLOSE, FOR IT IS
A VERY BAD PLACE TO WRITE."

572
00:33:08,222 --> 00:33:10,391
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN JACKSON.

573
00:33:11,926 --> 00:33:12,977
BACK IN ALABAMA,

574
00:33:12,977 --> 00:33:15,697
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN JACKSON'S
WIFE MARTHA

575
00:33:15,697 --> 00:33:18,399
AWOKE WITH A START.

576
00:33:18,399 --> 00:33:22,704
A MOURNING DOVE WAS SITTING
ON HER WINDOWSILL.

577
00:33:22,704 --> 00:33:25,406
SHE TOOK IT AS A SIGN
HER HUSBAND HAD BEEN KILLED

578
00:33:25,406 --> 00:33:28,076
AND BEGAN TO WEEP SILENTLY

579
00:33:28,076 --> 00:33:30,244
SO THAT HER FAMILY
WOULD NOT HEAR HER GRIEF

580
00:33:30,244 --> 00:33:31,879
AND THINK HER SUPERSTITIOUS.

581
00:33:31,879 --> 00:33:35,133
HER HUSBAND  HADBEEN
FATALLY WOUNDED THAT MORNING

582
00:33:35,133 --> 00:33:37,835
IN BATTLE
WITH SHERMAN'S MEN.

583
00:33:41,639 --> 00:33:43,808
[CANNON FIRE]

584
00:33:43,808 --> 00:33:46,511
"MINE EYES HAVE BEHELD
THE PROMISED LAND.

585
00:33:46,511 --> 00:33:49,764
"THE DOMES AND SPIRES OF ATLANTA
ARE GLITTERING

586
00:33:49,764 --> 00:33:51,933
"IN THE SUNLIGHT BEFORE US

587
00:33:51,933 --> 00:33:54,652
AND ONLY 8 MILES DISTANT."

588
00:33:57,355 --> 00:34:00,575
FINALLY, SHERMAN WAS
AT ATLANTA.

589
00:34:02,143 --> 00:34:03,161
FOR MORE THAN TWO MONTHS,

590
00:34:03,161 --> 00:34:04,779
CONFEDERATE GENERAL
JOSEPH JOHNSTON

591
00:34:04,779 --> 00:34:07,498
HAD KEPT HIS ARMY INTACT,

592
00:34:08,032 --> 00:34:09,667
DODGING SHERMAN'S
SUPERIOR FORCE

593
00:34:10,201 --> 00:34:12,920
AND LOOKING FOR
THE RIGHT MOMENT TO ATTACK.

594
00:34:12,920 --> 00:34:15,089
THE OPPORTUNITY NEVER CAME.

595
00:34:17,258 --> 00:34:19,961
AN INCREASINGLY FRUSTRATED
JEFFERSON DAVIS

596
00:34:19,961 --> 00:34:22,680
NOW REMOVED
THE POPULAR JOHNSTON.

597
00:34:22,680 --> 00:34:24,849
HIS TROOPS WERE STUNNED.

598
00:34:24,849 --> 00:34:28,636
"THE NEWS CAME
LIKE A FLASH OF LIGHTNING,

599
00:34:28,636 --> 00:34:31,356
"STAGGERING
AND BLINDING EVERYONE.

600
00:34:31,356 --> 00:34:32,974
"FAREWELL, OLD FELLOW!

601
00:34:32,974 --> 00:34:36,778
WE PRIVATES LOVED YOU BECAUSE
YOU MADE US LOVE OURSELVES."

602
00:34:36,778 --> 00:34:38,946
SAM WATKINS.

603
00:34:42,200 --> 00:34:43,818
JOSEPH JOHNSTON'S REPLACEMENT

604
00:34:43,818 --> 00:34:47,071
WAS 33-YEAR-OLD JOHN BELL HOOD
OF TEXAS.

605
00:34:47,071 --> 00:34:49,240
HIS ARM HAD BEEN MANGLED
AT GETTYSBURG,

606
00:34:49,240 --> 00:34:51,409
AND HE'D LOST A LEG
AT CHICKAMAUGA,

607
00:34:51,409 --> 00:34:54,662
BUT HIS RECKLESSNESS
REMAINED INTACT.

608
00:34:54,662 --> 00:34:58,466
HIS MEN CALLED HIM
"OLD WOODEN HEAD."

609
00:34:58,466 --> 00:35:00,635
"HOOD IS A BOLD FIGHTER.

610
00:35:00,635 --> 00:35:04,972
I AM DOUBTFUL AS TO
OTHE

611
00:35:04,972 --> 00:35:07,141
ROBERT E. LEE.

612
00:35:07,675 --> 00:35:09,844
SHERMAN WAS DELIGHTED
WITH HOOD,

613
00:35:09,844 --> 00:35:12,563
SURE HE WOULD BE
ATTACKED AT LAST.

614
00:35:12,563 --> 00:35:16,350
MANY OF HIS UNITS WERE NOW ARMED
WITH HENRY REPEATING RIFLES,

615
00:35:16,350 --> 00:35:20,688
CAPABLE OF FIRING 15 SHOTS
WITHOUT BEING RELOADED.

616
00:35:20,688 --> 00:35:22,323
OUTGUNNED REBELS COMPLAINED

617
00:35:22,323 --> 00:35:24,492
THE YANKEES COULD NOW LOAD
ON A SUNDAY

618
00:35:24,492 --> 00:35:27,195
AND KEEP SHOOTING ALL WEEK.

619
00:35:31,532 --> 00:35:32,083
TO CUT OFF ATLANTA'S RAIL LINKS

620
00:35:32,617 --> 00:35:34,252
WITH RICHMOND,

621
00:35:34,252 --> 00:35:35,336
SHERMAN SENT 35-YEAR-OLD

622
00:35:35,336 --> 00:35:37,505
GENERAL JAMES McPHERSON'S ARMY

623
00:35:37,505 --> 00:35:39,674
EAST OF THE CITY.

624
00:35:40,758 --> 00:35:44,011
McPHERSON WAS A SPECIAL FAVORITE
OF SHERMAN'S--

625
00:35:44,011 --> 00:35:47,265
HANDSOME, WARM-HEARTED,
INTELLIGENT.

626
00:35:47,799 --> 00:35:49,434
"IF HE LIVES,"
SHERMAN PREDICTED,

627
00:35:49,434 --> 00:35:52,687
"HE'LL OUTDISTANCE GRANT
AND MYSELF."

628
00:35:52,687 --> 00:35:55,389
NORTHERN PAPERS CHEERED
THE UNION ADVANCE

629
00:35:55,940 --> 00:35:58,643
AND DAILY PREDICTED
ATLANTA'S FALL.

630
00:35:58,643 --> 00:36:04,615
BUT ON JULY 22nd,

631
00:36:04,615 --> 00:36:07,869
HOOD RUSHED TO COUNTER
THE NEW UNION THREAT.

632
00:36:07,869 --> 00:36:09,487
THE BATTLE OF ATLANTA
HAD BEGUN.

633
00:36:09,487 --> 00:36:27,922
[BUGLE PLAYS]
IT RAGED ALL AFTERNOON,

634
00:36:27,922 --> 00:36:30,641
THE LINES FORMING,
FALLING BACK, REFORMING,

635
00:36:30,641 --> 00:36:33,344
ATTACKING AGAIN.

636
00:36:33,344 --> 00:36:36,063
AT 2:00,
GENERAL McPHERSON HIMSELF

637
00:36:36,063 --> 00:36:39,317
WENT TO INSPECT
THE IMPERILED UNION POSITION

638
00:36:39,317 --> 00:36:43,104
AND RODE RIGHT INTO A BAND
OF REBEL SKIRMISHERS.

639
00:36:43,104 --> 00:36:46,357
ORDERED TO SURRENDER, McPHERSON
RAISED HIS HAT POLITELY,

640
00:36:46,357 --> 00:36:50,161
TURNED HIS HORSE ABOUT,
AND RACED FOR THE UNION LINES.

641
00:36:50,161 --> 00:36:50,695
[GUNSHOTS]

642
00:36:51,245 --> 00:36:55,032
THE REBELS SHOT HIM
IN THE BACK.

643
00:36:55,032 --> 00:36:58,286
SHERMAN COVERED
THE BODY OF HIS YOUNG FRIEND

644
00:36:58,286 --> 00:36:59,921
WITH AN AMERICAN FLAG

645
00:37:00,454 --> 00:37:02,089
AND WEPT.

646
00:37:03,708 --> 00:37:05,877
"SHERMAN HAD
THE RARE FACULTY

647
00:37:05,877 --> 00:37:09,130
"OF REMAINING CALM
UNDER GREAT RESPONSIBILITIES

648
00:37:09,130 --> 00:37:12,934
"AND SCENES
OF GREAT EXCITEMENT.

649
00:37:12,934 --> 00:37:17,271
"AT SUCH TIMES,
HIS ECCENTRICITIES DISAPPEARED.

650
00:37:17,271 --> 00:37:22,143
"HIS MIND SEEMED NEVER SO CLEAR,
HIS CONFIDENCE NEVER SO STRONG,

651
00:37:22,143 --> 00:37:24,862
"HIS SPIRIT
NEVER SO INSPIRING

652
00:37:24,862 --> 00:37:27,565
"IN THE CRISIS
OF SOME FIERCE STRUGGLE,

653
00:37:27,565 --> 00:37:30,284
"LIKE THAT OF THE DAY
WHEN McPHERSON FELL

654
00:37:30,818 --> 00:37:32,987
IN FRONT OF ATLANTA."

655
00:37:32,987 --> 00:37:35,156
GENERAL JACOB D. COX.

656
00:37:37,875 --> 00:37:38,960
[CANNON FIRE]

657
00:37:38,960 --> 00:37:41,128
CRYING "McPHERSON
AND REVENGE, BOYS,

658
00:37:41,662 --> 00:37:42,747
McPHERSON AND REVENGE,"

659
00:37:42,747 --> 00:37:46,000
THE UNION ARMY SMASHED DOWN
ON THE REBELS.

660
00:37:54,675 --> 00:38:01,732
IN LESS THAN 30 MINUTES,
HOOD WAS FORCED TO WITHDRAW.

661
00:38:01,732 --> 00:38:09,190
AT EZRA CHURCH,
WEST OF THE CITY,

662
00:38:09,190 --> 00:38:11,909
HOOD AGAIN TRIED
TO ROUT SHERMAN'S ARMY.

663
00:38:11,909 --> 00:38:14,078
AGAIN HE FAILED.

664
00:38:14,078 --> 00:38:18,950
1/3 OF HIS ARMY WAS GONE--
20,000 MEN,

665
00:38:18,950 --> 00:38:19,500
AND HOOD FELL BACK
INTO ATLANTA.

666
00:38:23,838 --> 00:38:26,007
"I CANNOT DESCRIBE IT.

667
00:38:26,007 --> 00:38:28,175
"I REMEMBER I WENT IN THE REAR
OF THE BUILDÃ‘Ã·ING,

668
00:38:28,175 --> 00:38:30,878
"AND THERE I SAW A PILE
OF ARMS AND LEGS

669
00:38:30,878 --> 00:38:33,047
"ROTTING AND DECOMPOSING.

670
00:38:33,047 --> 00:38:35,099
"I HAVE NO RECOLLECTION
IN MY WHOLE LIFE

671
00:38:35,099 --> 00:38:38,886
OF EVER SEEING ANYTHING THAT
I REMEMBER WITH MORE HORROR."

672
00:38:38,886 --> 00:38:40,521
SAM WATKINS.

673
00:39:05,296 --> 00:39:06,380
BEHIND THEIR RAMPARTS,

674
00:39:06,914 --> 00:39:10,167
THE CONFEDERATES WAITED
FOR SHERMAN TO ATTACK.

675
00:39:10,167 --> 00:39:12,887
"THE YANKEE GENTS CAN'T GET
THEIR MEN TO CHARGE OUR WORKS,"

676
00:39:12,887 --> 00:39:14,505
A TEXAN SAID,

677
00:39:14,505 --> 00:39:17,758
BUT SHERMAN SAW NO NEED
TO BE SO RASH.

678
00:39:17,758 --> 00:39:21,562
HE SEALED OFF
THE CITY'S SUPPLIES AND WAITED.

679
00:39:23,180 --> 00:39:25,349
[CANNON FIRE]

680
00:39:25,349 --> 00:39:26,984
FEDERAL GUNS BEGAN SHELLING

681
00:39:26,984 --> 00:39:29,153
THE HEAVILY FORTIFIED
CONFEDERATE TRENCHES

682
00:39:29,153 --> 00:39:30,771
AND THE CITY BEYOND.

683
00:39:42,166 --> 00:39:45,419
"SATURDAY, AUGUST 21st.

684
00:39:45,419 --> 00:39:49,757
"ANOTHER WEEK OF ANXIETY
AND SUSPENSE HAS PASSED,

685
00:39:49,757 --> 00:39:53,544
"AND THE FATE OF ATLANTA
IS STILL UNDECIDED.

686
00:39:53,544 --> 00:39:57,348
"IT IS SAID THAT ABOUT
20 LIVES HAD BEEN DESTROYED

687
00:39:57,348 --> 00:39:58,966
"BY THESE TERRIBLE MISSILES

688
00:39:58,966 --> 00:40:02,219
"SINCE THE ENEMY BEGAN
TO THROW THEM INTO THE CITY.

689
00:40:02,219 --> 00:40:05,473
"IT IS LIKE LIVING
IN THE MIDST OF A PESTILENCE.

690
00:40:05,473 --> 00:40:10,895
NO ONE CAN TELL, BUT HE MAY BE
THE NEXT VICTIM."

691
00:40:10,895 --> 00:40:15,783
OUTSIDE ATLANTA,
THINGS WERE NO BETTER.

692
00:40:15,783 --> 00:40:18,486
"THE ENEMY HOLD US
BY AN INFERIOR FORCE,"

693
00:40:18,486 --> 00:40:21,739
SHERMAN ADMITTED
AS THE SIEGE DRAGGED ON.

694
00:40:21,739 --> 00:40:24,992
"WE ARE MORE BESIEGED
THAN THEY."

695
00:40:24,992 --> 00:40:26,077
"BOTH GRANT AND SHERMAN,"

696
00:40:26,077 --> 00:40:29,330
GEORGE TEMPLETON STRONG
PREDICTED FROM NEW YORK,

697
00:40:29,330 --> 00:40:32,583
"ARE ON THE EVE
OF DISASTER."

698
00:40:34,752 --> 00:40:36,921
[CORNET PLAYING]

699
00:40:45,062 --> 00:40:50,484
SOUTH OF THE CITY

700
00:40:50,484 --> 00:40:52,653
EVERY EVENING FOR A MONTH
DURING THE SIEGE,

701
00:40:52,653 --> 00:40:56,440
A GEORGIA SHARPSHOOTER
PLAYED HIS CORNET SO BEAUTIFULLY

702
00:40:56,440 --> 00:41:00,244
THAT MEN ON BOTH SIDES
STOPPED TO LISTEN.

703
00:41:35,946 --> 00:41:38,649
FINALLY, ON AUGUST 31st,

704
00:41:39,200 --> 00:41:40,818
GEORGE McCLELLAN WAS NOMINATED

705
00:41:40,818 --> 00:41:41,902
FOR PRESIDENT,

706
00:41:41,902 --> 00:41:42,987
SHERMAN HURLED MOST
OF HIS ARMY

707
00:41:43,537 --> 00:41:47,324
AGAINST THE MACON & WESTERN
RAILROAD

708
00:41:47,324 --> 00:41:50,578
IN ONE MORE ATTEMPT
TO BREAK HOOD'S GRIP.

709
00:41:50,578 --> 00:41:52,746
IT WORKED.

710
00:41:52,746 --> 00:41:55,466
ON SEPTEMBER 1, 1864,

711
00:41:55,466 --> 00:41:58,135
HOOD ABANDONED ATLANTA.

712
00:42:03,524 --> 00:42:06,760
SHERMAN'S TROOPS MARCHED IN
THE NEXT DAY.

713
00:42:08,395 --> 00:42:12,733
"ATLANTA IS OURS
AND FAIRLY WON."

714
00:42:14,351 --> 00:42:17,605
"SEPTEMBER 3, 1864.

715
00:42:17,605 --> 00:42:21,408
"GLORIOUS NEWS THIS MORNING--
ATLANTA TAKEN AT LAST.

716
00:42:21,408 --> 00:42:23,577
"IT IS, COMING
AT THIS POLITICAL CRISIS,

717
00:42:23,577 --> 00:42:25,746
THE GREATEST EVENT
OF THE WAR."

718
00:42:26,280 --> 00:42:28,999
GEORGE TEMPLETON STRONG.

719
00:42:31,168 --> 00:42:32,786
"DEAR GENERAL SHERMAN,

720
00:42:32,786 --> 00:42:36,590
"I FEEL YOU HAVE ACCOMPLISHED
THE MOST GIGANTIC UNDERTAKING

721
00:42:36,590 --> 00:42:39,293
"GIVEN TO ANY GENERAL
IN THIS WAR

722
00:42:39,293 --> 00:42:41,462
"AND WITH A SKILL AND ABILITY

723
00:42:41,462 --> 00:42:44,715
"THAT WILL BE ACKNOWLEDGED
IN HISTORY AS UNSURPASSED,

724
00:42:44,715 --> 00:42:46,350
IF NOT UNEQUALLED."

725
00:42:46,350 --> 00:42:47,968
U.S. GRANT.

726
00:42:50,137 --> 00:42:50,688
IN SHERMAN'S HONOR,

727
00:42:51,772 --> 00:42:53,390
GRANT ORDERED
A 100-GUN SALUTE

728
00:42:53,390 --> 00:42:56,644
FIRED INTO THE CONFEDERATE WORKS
AT PETERSBURG.

729
00:42:56,644 --> 00:42:58,812
[GUNFIRE]

730
00:43:00,981 --> 00:43:03,150
"ATLANTA IS GONE.

731
00:43:03,150 --> 00:43:05,319
"THAT AGONY IS OVER.

732
00:43:05,319 --> 00:43:10,207
THERE IS NO HOPE, BUT WE WILL
TRY TO HAVE NO FEAR."

733
00:43:10,207 --> 00:43:11,825
MARY CHESNUT.

734
00:43:17,248 --> 00:43:19,416
TO AVENGE SHERMAN'S VICTORIES
IN GEORGIA,

735
00:43:19,416 --> 00:43:22,136
6 CONFEDERATE AGENTS SLIPPED
INTO NEW YORK CITY

736
00:43:22,136 --> 00:43:25,923
ARMED WITH PHOSPHOROUS,
INTENT UPON BURNING DOWN

737
00:43:25,923 --> 00:43:29,727
THE CITY'S MOST
FASHIONABLE HOTELS.

738
00:43:29,727 --> 00:43:32,229
THEY MANAGED
TO LIGHT 10 FIRES

739
00:43:32,229 --> 00:43:35,482
AND SET
P.T. BARNUM'S MUSEUM ABLAZE.

740
00:43:35,482 --> 00:43:38,052
FIREMEN PUT EVERYTHING OUT.

741
00:43:38,052 --> 00:43:40,738
ALL BUT ONE
OF THE CONFEDERATES GOT AWAY.

742
00:43:40,738 --> 00:43:44,525
"THE PEOPLE OF THE NORTH
CAN'T BE ROLLING IN WEALTH AND COMFORT,"

743
00:43:44,525 --> 00:43:47,244
THE CAPTURED MAN SAID
BEFORE HE WAS HANGED,

744
00:43:47,244 --> 00:43:49,947
"WHILE WE AT THE SOUTH

745
00:43:49,947 --> 00:43:53,667
ARE BEARING ALL THE HARDSHIP
AND PRIVATIONS."

746
00:43:58,005 --> 00:44:00,708
FROM THE FRONT,
ON HIS WEDDING ANNIVERSARY,

747
00:44:00,708 --> 00:44:05,045
ROBERT E. LEE WROTE HOME
TO HIS WIFE IN RICHMOND.

748
00:44:05,045 --> 00:44:07,765
"DEAR MARY,

749
00:44:07,765 --> 00:44:09,383
"DO YOU RECOLLECT
WHAT A HAPPY DAY

750
00:44:09,383 --> 00:44:12,620
"33 YEARS AGO THIS WAS?

751
00:44:12,620 --> 00:44:16,390
"HOW MANY HOPES AND PLEASURES
IT GAVE BIRTH TO?

752
00:44:16,941 --> 00:44:20,728
"GOD HAS BEEN VERY MERCIFUL
AND KIND TO US,

753
00:44:20,728 --> 00:44:23,981
"AND HOW THANKLESS AND SINFUL
I HAVE BEEN.

754
00:44:23,981 --> 00:44:28,319
"I PRAY THAT HE MAY CONTINUE
HIS MERCIES AND BLESSINGS TO US

755
00:44:28,869 --> 00:44:30,487
"AND GIVE US
A LITTLE PEACE AND REST

756
00:44:30,487 --> 00:44:32,656
TOGETHER IN THIS WORLD."

757
00:44:45,669 --> 00:44:47,304
"THAT MAN HAUPT

758
00:44:47,304 --> 00:44:49,456
"HAS BUILT A BRIDGE
ACROSS THE POTOMAC CREEK

759
00:44:49,456 --> 00:44:53,761
"ABOUT 400 FEET LONG
AND NEARLY 100 FEET TALL

760
00:44:53,761 --> 00:44:57,014
"OVER WHICH LOADED TRAINS
ARE RUNNING EVERY HOUR,

761
00:44:57,564 --> 00:45:02,436
AND THERE IS NOTHING IN IT
BUT BEANPOLES AND CORNSTALKS."

762
00:45:02,987 --> 00:45:04,605
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.

763
00:45:08,409 --> 00:45:10,027
NEAR PETERSBURG,

764
00:45:10,027 --> 00:45:12,196
THE UNION CAMP AT CITY POINT
ON THE JAMES RIVER

765
00:45:12,196 --> 00:45:17,084
SUDDENLY FOUND ITSELF ONE
OF THE WORLD'S BUSIEST SEAPORTS,

766
00:45:17,618 --> 00:45:19,787
WITH BAKERIES, BARRACKS,
WAREHOUSES,

767
00:45:19,787 --> 00:45:23,590
A 200-ACRE TENT HOSPITAL,
MORE THAN A MILE OF WHARVES,

768
00:45:23,590 --> 00:45:29,546
AND A NEW 70-MILE RAILROAD BUILT
BY HERMAN HAUPT IN RECORD TIME

769
00:45:30,097 --> 00:45:31,715
TO BRING SUPPLIES
AND FRESH TROOPS

770
00:45:31,715 --> 00:45:34,435
RIGHT UP
TO THE UNION TRENCHES.

771
00:45:34,435 --> 00:45:37,688
"NOT MERELY PROFUSION BUT
EXTRAVAGANCE," A VISITOR WROTE,

772
00:45:37,688 --> 00:45:40,391
"SOLDIERS PROVIDED
WITH EVERYTHING."

773
00:45:46,897 --> 00:45:49,616
AN INDUSTRIAL MACHINE
OF UNPARALLELED POWER

774
00:45:49,616 --> 00:45:52,870
NOW KEPT THE WAR SUPPLIES
STREAMING TO THE FRONT.

775
00:45:52,870 --> 00:45:59,376
IN CLEVELAND, OHIO,
WHEN THE WAR BEGAN,

776
00:45:59,376 --> 00:46:02,079
WHEN THE WAR ENDED,
THERE WERE 21,

777
00:46:02,079 --> 00:46:03,163
EMPLOYING 3,000 MEN

778
00:46:03,714 --> 00:46:07,501
AND TURNING OUT 60,000 TONS
OF STEEL A YEAR.

779
00:46:07,501 --> 00:46:10,754
BY THEN, THE COLD SPRING FOUNDRY
OPPOSITE WEST POINT

780
00:46:10,754 --> 00:46:11,839
ON THE HUDSON

781
00:46:12,389 --> 00:46:15,642
WAS PRODUCING 7,000
ARTILLERY PROJECTILES A WEEK

782
00:46:16,176 --> 00:46:18,345
AND THE MILITARY
TELEGRAPH SYSTEM

783
00:46:18,345 --> 00:46:21,932
WAS CARRYING OVER
3,300 MESSAGES A DAY

784
00:46:21,932 --> 00:46:25,235
ALONG 15,000 MILES OF WIRE.

785
00:46:26,320 --> 00:46:29,573
"THE WORLD HAS SEEN
ITS IRON AGE,

786
00:46:29,573 --> 00:46:31,742
"ITS SILVER AGE,
ITS GOLDEN AGE,

787
00:46:31,742 --> 00:46:33,911
"AND ITS BRONZE AGE.

788
00:46:33,911 --> 00:46:37,698
THIS IS THE AGE OF SHODDY."

789
00:46:37,698 --> 00:46:40,951
FOR SHREWD
NORTHERN BUSINESSMEN,

790
00:46:40,951 --> 00:46:43,670
THERE WERE QUICK PROFITS
IN ARMY CONTRACTS.

791
00:46:43,670 --> 00:46:45,289
PHILIP ARMOUR GAVE UP
GOLD MINING

792
00:46:45,289 --> 00:46:48,542
TO STRIKE IT RICH
PACKING PORK FOR THE ARMY.

793
00:46:48,542 --> 00:46:51,261
SAMUEL COLT OF HARTFORD
TOLD HIS MEN

794
00:46:51,261 --> 00:46:55,048
TO "RUN THE ARMORY NIGHT AND DAY
WITH DOUBLE SETS OF HANDS."

795
00:46:55,599 --> 00:46:57,217
JAY COOKE SOLD WAR BONDS,

796
00:46:57,768 --> 00:47:00,471
RAISED MORE THAN $400 MILLION
FOR THE UNION,

797
00:47:00,471 --> 00:47:03,724
AND GOT RICH
ON THE COMMISSIONS.

798
00:47:03,724 --> 00:47:08,061
UNSCRUPULOUS CONTRACTORS SOLD
THE WAR DEPARTMENT RUSTY RIFLES,

799
00:47:08,061 --> 00:47:12,399
BOATS THAT LEAKED,
CAPS THAT MELTED IN THE RAIN.

800
00:47:12,399 --> 00:47:14,568
WHEN ONE MANUFACTURER
WAS ASKED

801
00:47:15,119 --> 00:47:17,287
WHY THE SOLES OF THE SHOES
HE SUPPLIED FELL OFF

802
00:47:17,821 --> 00:47:19,456
AFTER A FEW MINUTES' MARCHING,

803
00:47:19,456 --> 00:47:24,328
HE EXPLAINED THEY HAD BEEN MEANT
FOR THE CAVALRY.

804
00:47:24,328 --> 00:47:25,412
"YOU CAN SELL ALMOST ANYTHING
TO THE GOVERNMENT

805
00:47:25,412 --> 00:47:29,750
AT ALMOST ANY PRICE
YOU'VE GOT THE GUTS TO ASK."

806
00:47:35,722 --> 00:47:37,891
I THINK THAT
THE NORTH FOUGHT THAT WAR

807
00:47:37,891 --> 00:47:40,060
WITH ONE HAND
BEHIND ITS BACK.

808
00:47:40,577 --> 00:47:42,129
AT THE SAME TIME
THE WAR WAS GOING ON,

809
00:47:42,129 --> 00:47:44,298
THE HOMESTEAD ACT
WAS BEING PASSED.

810
00:47:44,298 --> 00:47:47,000
ALL THESE MARVELOUS INVENTIONS
WERE GOING ON.

811
00:47:47,551 --> 00:47:49,169
IN THE SPRING OF '64,

812
00:47:49,169 --> 00:47:50,804
THE HARVARD-YALE BOAT RACES
WERE GOING ON,

813
00:47:51,338 --> 00:47:52,422
AND NOT A MAN
IN EITHER CREW

814
00:47:52,422 --> 00:47:54,591
EVER VOLUNTEERED
FOR THE ARMY OR THE NAVY.

815
00:47:54,591 --> 00:47:56,760
THEY DIDN'T NEED THEM.

816
00:47:56,760 --> 00:48:01,098
I THINK THAT IF IT HAD BEEN
MORE SOUTHERN SUCCESSES

817
00:48:02,182 --> 00:48:04,351
THE NORTH SIMPLY WOULD HAVE
BROUGHT THAT OTHER ARM OUT

818
00:48:04,351 --> 00:48:05,986
FROM BEHIND ITS BACK.

819
00:48:05,986 --> 00:48:09,773
I DON'T THINK THE SOUTH
EVER HAD A CHANCE TO WIN THAT WAR.

820
00:48:20,317 --> 00:48:23,036
OUT WEST, BLOODY BILL ANDERSON,
A CONFEDERATE GUERRILLA

821
00:48:23,036 --> 00:48:26,290
WHO RODE WITH UNION SCALPS
TIED TO HIS BRIDLE,

822
00:48:26,290 --> 00:48:28,992
LED 30 MEN
INTO CENTRALIA, MISSOURI,

823
00:48:29,543 --> 00:48:31,712
KILLED 24 UNARMED
FEDERAL SOLDIERS,

824
00:48:31,712 --> 00:48:34,965
THEN AMBUSHED 116 MORE.

825
00:48:37,668 --> 00:48:39,303
ON OCTOBER 26th,

826
00:48:39,303 --> 00:48:42,005
ANDERSON HIMSELF
WAS AMBUSHED AND KILLED,

827
00:48:42,556 --> 00:48:44,725
BUT ONE OF HIS CLOSE
LIEUTENANTS, JESSE JAMES,

828
00:48:45,259 --> 00:48:47,978
GOT AWAY.

829
00:48:52,849 --> 00:48:55,569
NATHAN BEDFORD FORREST'S MEN
SURROUNDED FORT PILLOW,

830
00:48:55,569 --> 00:48:59,356
HELD BY A UNIT OF TENNESSEE
UNIONISTS AND BLACK TROOPS,

831
00:48:59,356 --> 00:49:01,525
AND DEMANDED ITS SURRENDER.

832
00:49:01,525 --> 00:49:05,329
WHEN THE UNION COMMANDER
REFUSED, THE FORT WAS OVERRUN.

833
00:49:05,329 --> 00:49:09,666
AS MANY AS 300 SOLDIERS,
MOST OF THEM BLACK, WERE KILLED,

834
00:49:09,666 --> 00:49:13,453
MANY AFTER THEY SURRENDERED.

835
00:49:13,453 --> 00:49:15,088
"IT IS HOPED THAT THESE FACTS
WILL DEMONSTRATE

836
00:49:15,088 --> 00:49:17,257
"TO THE NORTHERN PEOPLE

837
00:49:17,257 --> 00:49:20,510
THAT NEGRO SOLDIERS CANNOT COPE
WITH SOUTHERNERS."

838
00:49:20,510 --> 00:49:22,679
NATHAN BEDFORD FORREST.

839
00:49:25,933 --> 00:49:29,720
"I SAID, <i>DON'T SHOOT ME,</i>

840
00:49:30,270 --> 00:49:34,057
"AND ONE OF THEM SAID,
<i>GO OUT AND HOLD MY HORSE.</i>

841
00:49:34,057 --> 00:49:36,777
"I MADE A STEP OR TWO,
AND HE SAID,

842
00:49:36,777 --> 00:49:42,733
"TURN AROUND. I WILL HOLD
MY HORSE AND SHOOT YOU, TOO.

843
00:49:42,733 --> 00:49:46,536
I NO SOONER TURNED AROUND
THAN HE SHOT ME IN THE FACE."

844
00:49:46,536 --> 00:49:49,239
[GUNSHOT]

845
00:49:49,239 --> 00:49:51,959
"I FELL DOWN
AS IF I WAS DEAD.

846
00:49:51,959 --> 00:49:54,127
HE SHOT ME AGAIN
AND HIT MY ARM, NOT MY HEAD."

847
00:49:54,127 --> 00:49:56,830
[GUNSHOT]

848
00:49:56,830 --> 00:50:00,083
"I LAID THERE UNTIL I COULD
HEAR HIM NO MORE,

849
00:50:00,083 --> 00:50:01,718
"AND THEN I STARTED BACK.

850
00:50:01,718 --> 00:50:05,305
"I GOT BACK ABOUT SUNUP

851
00:50:05,305 --> 00:50:09,059
"AND WANDERED ABOUT
UNTIL A GUNBOAT CAME ALONG,

852
00:50:09,059 --> 00:50:12,796
AND I CAME UP ON THAT
WITH ABOUT 10 OTHERS."

853
00:50:13,230 --> 00:50:17,567
PRIVATE GEORGE SHAW, COMPANY B,
6th U.S. HEAVY ARTILLERY.

854
00:50:21,905 --> 00:50:23,523
IN RETALIATION
FOR FORT PILLOW,

855
00:50:23,523 --> 00:50:25,158
GRANT ENDED THE SYSTEM

856
00:50:25,692 --> 00:50:27,861
UNDER WHICH PRISONERS
HAD ALWAYS BEEN EXCHANGED

857
00:50:27,861 --> 00:50:30,030
UNTIL THE SOUTH AGREED
TO RECOGNIZE

858
00:50:30,030 --> 00:50:34,368
"NO DISTINCTION WHATEVER BETWEEN
WHITE AND COLORED PRISONERS."

859
00:50:34,368 --> 00:50:37,087
DAVIS AND LEE REFUSED.

860
00:50:37,087 --> 00:50:39,790
NORTH AND SOUTH,

861
00:50:39,790 --> 00:50:43,593
PRISONS SOON BULGED
WITH UNEXCHANGED PRISONERS.

862
00:50:43,593 --> 00:50:47,931
ALREADY INADEQUATE PRISON CAMPS
BECAME NIGHTMARES.

863
00:50:54,438 --> 00:50:56,056
THE WORST
WAS THE CONFEDERATE PRISON

864
00:50:56,056 --> 00:50:58,775
NEAR ANDERSONVILLE,
GEORGIA.

865
00:50:58,775 --> 00:51:03,113
MEANT TO HOLD A MAXIMUM
OF 10,000 NORTHERN PRISONERS,

866
00:51:03,113 --> 00:51:07,451
BY AUGUST 1864,
IT HAD 33,000--

867
00:51:07,451 --> 00:51:11,788
THE FIFTH LARGEST CITY
IN THE CONFEDERACY.

868
00:51:11,788 --> 00:51:15,575
ITS COMMANDANT, A GERMAN-SWISS
IMMIGRANT NAMED HENRY WIRZ,

869
00:51:15,575 --> 00:51:18,829
FORBADE PRISONERS
TO BUILD SHELTERS.

870
00:51:18,829 --> 00:51:21,548
MOST LIVED IN HOLES
SCRATCHED IN THE GROUND

871
00:51:21,548 --> 00:51:23,717
COVERED BY A BLANKET.

872
00:51:23,717 --> 00:51:27,504
THE DAILY RATION
WAS A TEASPOON OF SALT,

873
00:51:28,055 --> 00:51:33,477
3 TABLESPOONS OF BEANS,
AND HALF A PINT OF CORNMEAL.

874
00:51:33,477 --> 00:51:36,730
A FOUL CREEK CALLED
SWEET WATER BRANCH

875
00:51:36,730 --> 00:51:40,517
SERVED AS BOTH DRINKING WATER
AND SEWER.

876
00:51:40,517 --> 00:51:44,855
"1/3 OF THE ORIGINAL ENCLOSURE
WAS SWAMPY,

877
00:51:44,855 --> 00:51:47,023
"A MUD OF LIQUID FILTH,
VOIDINGS FROM THE THOUSANDS,

878
00:51:47,574 --> 00:51:50,827
"SEETHING WITH MAGGOTS
IN FULL ACTIVITY.

879
00:51:50,827 --> 00:51:52,446
"DEATH AT THE HAND
OF THE GUARDS,

880
00:51:52,446 --> 00:51:54,081
"THOUGH MURDER IN COLD BLOOD,
WAS MERCIFUL

881
00:51:54,081 --> 00:51:56,783
"BESIDE THE SYSTEMATIC, STUDIED,
ABSOLUTE MURDER INSIDE

882
00:51:56,783 --> 00:51:58,952
BY SLOW DEATH."

883
00:52:15,218 --> 00:52:19,022
IN ONE YEAR, 13,000 MEN DIED
AT ANDERSONVILLE

884
00:52:19,022 --> 00:52:21,725
AND WERE BURIED
IN MASS GRAVES.

885
00:53:12,159 --> 00:53:14,327
"CAN THOSE BE MEN?

886
00:53:14,327 --> 00:53:17,030
"ARE THEY
NOT REALLY CORPSES?

887
00:53:17,030 --> 00:53:19,749
"THEY LAY THERE,
MOST OF THEM, QUITE STILL,

888
00:53:19,749 --> 00:53:22,452
"BUT WITH A HORRIBLE LOOK
IN THEIR EYES.

889
00:53:22,452 --> 00:53:24,621
"THE DEAD THERE
ARE NOT TO BE PITIED

890
00:53:24,621 --> 00:53:28,959
"AS MUCH AS SOME OF THE LIVING
THAT HAVE COME FROM THERE--

891
00:53:28,959 --> 00:53:32,212
IF THEY CAN
BE CALLED LIVING."

892
00:53:32,212 --> 00:53:33,847
WALT WHITMAN.

893
00:53:36,550 --> 00:53:40,887
"WHEN I WAS TAKEN PRISONER,
I WEIGHED 165 POUNDS,

894
00:53:41,438 --> 00:53:45,225
"AND WHEN I CAME OUT,
I WEIGHED 96 POUNDS

895
00:53:45,225 --> 00:53:49,029
AND WAS CONSIDERED STOUT
COMPARED WITH <i>SO</i> MEI SAW."

896
00:53:52,282 --> 00:53:54,985
"MY HEART ACHES
FOR THESE POOR WRETCHES,

897
00:53:54,985 --> 00:53:57,704
"YANKEES THOUGH THEY ARE,

898
00:53:57,704 --> 00:54:01,491
"AND I AM AFRAID GOD WILL SUFFER
SOME TERRIBLE RETRIBUTION

899
00:54:01,491 --> 00:54:05,829
"TO FALL UPON US
FOR LETTING SUCH THINGS HAPPEN.

900
00:54:05,829 --> 00:54:10,634
"IF THE YANKEES SHOULD EVER
COME TO SOUTHWEST GEORGIA

901
00:54:10,634 --> 00:54:14,421
"AND GO TO ANDERSON
AND SEE THE GRAVES THERE,

902
00:54:14,421 --> 00:54:17,140
GOD HAVE MERCY
ON THE LAND!"

903
00:54:30,687 --> 00:54:32,322
WITH SHERMAN'S
VICTORY AT ATLANTA,

904
00:54:32,322 --> 00:54:35,575
LINCOLN'S CHANCES OF RE-ELECTION
WERE IMPROVING.

905
00:54:37,193 --> 00:54:40,997
AND NOW CAME MORE BAD NEWS
FOR THE CONFEDERACY.

906
00:54:40,997 --> 00:54:44,251
PHIL SHERIDAN AND 45,000 MEN
WERE ON THE LOOSE

907
00:54:44,251 --> 00:54:46,953
IN THE SHENANDOAH.

908
00:54:48,588 --> 00:54:49,673
"THE WHOLE COUNTRY

909
00:54:50,206 --> 00:54:51,841
"FROM THE BLUE RIDGE
TO THE NORTH MOUNTAINS

910
00:54:51,841 --> 00:54:55,629
"HAS BEEN MADE UNTENABLE
FOR A REBEL ARMY.

911
00:54:55,629 --> 00:54:57,714
"I HAVE DESTROYED
OVER 2,000 BARNS

912
00:54:57,714 --> 00:55:00,967
"FILLED WITH WHEAT, HAY,
AND FARMING IMPLEMENTS

913
00:55:00,967 --> 00:55:03,136
"AND OVER 70 MILLS.

914
00:55:03,136 --> 00:55:05,855
"TOMORROW I WILL CONTINUE
THE DESTRUCTION.

915
00:55:06,389 --> 00:55:07,474
"WHEN THIS IS COMPLETED,

916
00:55:07,474 --> 00:55:09,643
"THE VALLEY WILL HAVE
BUT LITTLE IN IT

917
00:55:09,643 --> 00:55:11,811
FOR MAN OR BEAST."

918
00:55:12,362 --> 00:55:15,065
GENERAL PHIL SHERIDAN.

919
00:55:15,065 --> 00:55:18,868
HE WAS SENT THERE TO
CLEAR IT OUT ONCE AND FOR ALL.

920
00:55:18,868 --> 00:55:21,571
HIS INSTRUCTIONS WERE
TO STRIP IT SO CLEAN

921
00:55:21,571 --> 00:55:23,206
THAT A CROW
FLYING ACROSS IT

922
00:55:23,206 --> 00:55:25,375
WOULD HAVE TO CARRY
HIS OWN PROVENDER,

923
00:55:25,375 --> 00:55:28,628
AND HE CAME CLOSE
TO DOING IT.

924
00:55:28,628 --> 00:55:30,246
NO UNION OFFICER

925
00:55:30,246 --> 00:55:31,881
WAS FONDER OF FIGHTING
THAN SHERIDAN.

926
00:55:31,881 --> 00:55:34,584
NONE, SAVE SHERMAN,
WAS SO RELENTLESS.

927
00:55:34,584 --> 00:55:39,472
HIS ORDERS WERE TO FOLLOW
JUBAL EARLY "TO THE DEATH."

928
00:55:39,472 --> 00:55:44,344
BEFORE DAWN ON OCTOBER 18th,
JUBAL EARLY TRIED ONE LAST TIME

929
00:55:44,344 --> 00:55:48,682
TO DESTROY SHERIDAN'S ARMY
BY ATTACKING AT CEDAR CREEK,

930
00:55:48,682 --> 00:55:50,850
WHILE SHERIDAN HIMSELF
WAS ASLEEP AT WINCHESTER

931
00:55:50,850 --> 00:55:53,019
20 MILES AWAY.

932
00:55:53,019 --> 00:55:55,739
AT FIRST IT SEEMED
EARLY HAD SUCCEEDED.

933
00:55:55,739 --> 00:55:58,992
UNION FORCES WERE DRIVEN
FROM THEIR CAMPS.

934
00:55:58,992 --> 00:56:02,245
SHERIDAN MOUNTED
HIS GREAT BLACK HORSE RIENZI

935
00:56:02,245 --> 00:56:03,330
AND GALLOPED THROUGH
HIS RETREATING MEN,

936
00:56:03,863 --> 00:56:05,498
URGING THEM TO TURN BACK.

937
00:56:06,032 --> 00:56:08,752
THEY STOPPED
AND BEGAN TO CHANT HIS NAME.

938
00:56:08,752 --> 00:56:10,920
"GOD DAMN YOU!"
SHERIDAN SHOUTED.

939
00:56:10,920 --> 00:56:13,089
"DON'T CHEER ME. FIGHT!"

940
00:56:13,089 --> 00:56:17,961
THE UNION LINES REFORMED
AND WON BACK THE FIELD.

941
00:56:17,961 --> 00:56:20,130
[CANNON FIRE]

942
00:56:22,849 --> 00:56:26,636
EARLY FLED, AND THE SHENANDOAH
WAS CLOSED FOREVER

943
00:56:26,636 --> 00:56:29,356
TO THE CONFEDERACY.

944
00:56:29,356 --> 00:56:32,609
"GENERAL SHERIDAN,
WHEN THIS PARTICULAR WAR BEGAN,

945
00:56:32,609 --> 00:56:38,031
"I THOUGHT A CAVALRYMAN
SHOULD BE AT LEAST 6'4" HIGH,

946
00:56:38,031 --> 00:56:40,200
"BUT I HAVE
CHANGED MY MIND.

947
00:56:40,200 --> 00:56:42,902
5'4" WILL DO IN A PINCH."

948
00:56:43,453 --> 00:56:45,622
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.

949
00:56:45,622 --> 00:56:47,157
AT PETERSBURG,

950
00:56:47,157 --> 00:56:49,876
GRANT FIRED
A SECOND 100-GUN VOLLEY

951
00:56:49,876 --> 00:56:52,045
INTO THE ENEMY WORKS.

952
00:56:52,045 --> 00:56:52,579
[GUNFIRE]

953
00:56:59,085 --> 00:57:02,889
"DEAR NAT, I THINK WELL
OF THE PRESIDENT.

954
00:57:02,889 --> 00:57:06,142
"HE HAS A FACE
LIKE A HOOSIER MICHELANGELO,

955
00:57:06,142 --> 00:57:08,845
"SO AWFUL UGLY
IT BECOMES BEAUTIFUL,

956
00:57:08,845 --> 00:57:12,649
"WITH ITS STRANGE MOUTH,
ITS DEEP-CUT, CRISSCROSS LINES,

957
00:57:12,649 --> 00:57:16,436
"AND ITS DOUGHNUT COMPLEXION.

958
00:57:16,436 --> 00:57:18,605
"I DO NOT DWELL
ON THE SUPPOSED FAILURES

959
00:57:18,605 --> 00:57:20,774
"OF HIS GOVERNMENT.

960
00:57:20,774 --> 00:57:24,027
"HE HAS SHOWN
AN ALMOST SUPERNATURAL TACT

961
00:57:24,027 --> 00:57:26,746
"IN KEEPING
THE SHIP AFLOAT AT ALL.

962
00:57:26,746 --> 00:57:33,787
I MORE AND MORE RELY UPON
HIS IDIOMATIC WESTERN GENIUS."

963
00:57:33,787 --> 00:57:35,955
WALT WHITMAN.

964
00:57:38,124 --> 00:57:40,844
[STAR-SPANGLED BANNE PLAYS]

965
00:57:40,844 --> 00:57:43,012
<i>HARPER'S WEEKLY.</i>

966
00:57:43,012 --> 00:57:44,097
"ABRAHAM LINCOLN

967
00:57:44,097 --> 00:57:45,715
"AND ANDREW JOHNSON

968
00:57:45,715 --> 00:57:47,350
"HAVE BEEN ELECTED BY ENORMOUS

969
00:57:47,350 --> 00:57:48,968
"AND UNIVERSAL MAJORITIES

970
00:57:48,968 --> 00:57:51,137
"IN ALMOST ALL THE STATES.

971
00:57:51,137 --> 00:57:54,941
"THIS RESULT IS THE PROCLAMATION
OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE

972
00:57:54,941 --> 00:57:57,644
"THAT THEY ARE NOT CONQUERED.

973
00:57:57,644 --> 00:58:00,363
"THIS IS WHAT THEY CONFIRM

974
00:58:00,363 --> 00:58:03,616
"BY THE RE-ELECTION
OF MR. LINCOLN.

975
00:58:03,616 --> 00:58:06,319
"IN HIMSELF,
HE IS UNIMPORTANT,

976
00:58:06,319 --> 00:58:07,954
"BUT AS THE REPRESENTATIVE

977
00:58:07,954 --> 00:58:11,207
"OF THE FEELING AND PURPOSE
OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE,

978
00:58:11,207 --> 00:58:16,079
HE IS THE MOST IMPORTANT FACT
IN THE WORLD."

979
00:58:16,079 --> 00:58:17,714
"I GIVE THANKS
TO THE ALMIGHTY

980
00:58:17,714 --> 00:58:21,501
"FOR THIS EVIDENCE
OF THE PEOPLE'S RESOLUTION.

981
00:58:21,501 --> 00:58:25,305
"THIS CONTEST HAS DEMONSTRATED
TO THE WORLD

982
00:58:25,305 --> 00:58:30,176
"THAT A PEOPLE'S GOVERNMENT
CAN SUSTAIN A NATIONAL ELECTION

983
00:58:30,176 --> 00:58:33,980
IN THE MIDST
OF A GREAT CIVIL WAR."

984
00:58:37,233 --> 00:58:41,571
SHERMAN'S AND SHERIDAN'S
VICTORIES HAD CHANGED THE ODDS.

985
00:58:41,571 --> 00:58:45,358
LINCOLN CARRIED 55%
OF THE POPULAR VOTE.

986
00:58:45,909 --> 00:58:48,611
ONLY 3 STATES--KENTUCKY,
DELAWARE, AND NEW JERSEY--

987
00:58:48,611 --> 00:58:51,331
WENT TO GEORGE McCLELLAN.

988
00:58:51,331 --> 00:58:53,500
VIRTUALLY ALL OF THE GENERAL'S
OLD COMMAND,

989
00:58:53,500 --> 00:58:55,668
THE UNION ARMY
OF THE POTOMAC,

990
00:58:55,668 --> 00:58:58,371
VOTED FOR ABRAHAM LINCOLN.

991
00:58:58,371 --> 00:59:02,175
"THAT GRAND OLD ARMY
PERFORMED MANY HEROIC ACTS,

992
00:59:02,175 --> 00:59:05,428
"BUT NEVER IN ITS HISTORY
DID IT DO A MORE DEVOTED SERVICE

993
00:59:05,428 --> 00:59:08,131
THAN VOTE
FOR ABRAHAM LINCOLN."

994
00:59:14,103 --> 00:59:17,357
"NOT THE FALL OF RICHMOND,
NOR WILMINGTON,

995
00:59:17,357 --> 00:59:21,144
"NOR CHARLESTON,
NOR SAVANNAH, NOR MOBILE,

996
00:59:21,144 --> 00:59:23,313
<i>"NOR ALL COMBINED</i>
<i>CAN SAVE THE ENEMY</i>

997
00:59:23,313 --> 00:59:27,116
"FROM THE CONSTANT
AND EXHAUSTIVE DRAIN

998
00:59:27,116 --> 00:59:31,988
"OF BLOOD AND TREASURE
WHICH MUST CONTINUE

999
00:59:31,988 --> 00:59:34,707
"UNTIL HE SHALL DISCOVER
THAT NO PEACE IS ATTAINABLE

1000
00:59:34,707 --> 00:59:40,129
UNLESS BASED ON THE RECOGNITION
OF OUR INDEFEASIBLE RIGHTS."

1001
00:59:40,129 --> 00:59:42,298
PRESIDENT JEFFERSON DAVIS.

1002
00:59:45,552 --> 00:59:47,170
IF IT HADN'T BEGUN BEFORE,

1003
00:59:47,170 --> 00:59:50,423
THE LOST CAUSE WAS BORN
WITH HIS WORDS.

1004
00:59:52,058 --> 00:59:53,676
AS DAVIS SPOKE AT RICHMOND,

1005
00:59:53,676 --> 00:59:56,396
HIS AUDIENCE COULD HEAR
GRANT'S GUNS AT PETERSBURG,

1006
00:59:56,396 --> 00:59:59,098
JUST 20 MILES AWAY.

1007
01:00:00,183 --> 01:00:01,818
MORE AND MORE,

1008
01:00:01,818 --> 01:00:05,071
IT WAS BECOMING
A CONFEDERACY OF THE MIND.

1009
01:00:07,774 --> 01:00:12,662
IT WAS A REALIZATION
THAT DEFEAT WAS FOREORDAINED.

1010
01:00:13,196 --> 01:00:15,915
MISS CHESNUT,
FOR INSTANCE, SAID,

1011
01:00:15,915 --> 01:00:18,084
"IT'S LIKE
IN A GREEK TRAGEDY,

1012
01:00:18,084 --> 01:00:20,787
"WHERE YOU KNOW WHAT
THE OUTCOME IS BOUND TO BE,

1013
01:00:20,787 --> 01:00:23,506
AND WE'RE LIVING
A GREEK TRAGEDY."

1014
01:00:24,040 --> 01:00:27,844
AND THINGS BEGAN TO CLOSE IN
ON THEM MORE AND MORE.

1015
01:00:27,844 --> 01:00:31,631
THERE WAS SCARCELY A FAMILY
THAT HADN'T LOST SOMEONE.

1016
01:00:31,631 --> 01:00:35,435
THERE WERE--
DISRUPTION OF SOCIETY.

1017
01:00:35,435 --> 01:00:37,053
THE BLOCKADE WAS WORKING.

1018
01:00:37,053 --> 01:00:39,222
THEY COULDN'T
GET VERY SIMPLE THINGS

1019
01:00:39,222 --> 01:00:43,026
LIKE NEEDLES TO SEW WITH--
VERY SIMPLE THINGS.

1020
01:00:43,026 --> 01:00:46,813
AND THE DISCOURAGEMENT BEGAN
TO SETTLE IN MORE AND MORE

1021
01:00:46,813 --> 01:00:50,617
WITH THE REALIZATION THAT THEY
WERE NOT GOING TO WIN THAT WAR.

1022
01:00:50,617 --> 01:00:52,785
THEIR POLITICAL LEADERS
DID EVERYTHING THEY COULD,

1023
01:00:52,785 --> 01:00:54,954
ESPECIALLY JEFFERSON DAVIS,
TO ASSURE THEM

1024
01:00:54,954 --> 01:00:57,123
THAT THIS WAS
THE SECOND AMERICAN REVOLUTION,

1025
01:00:57,123 --> 01:01:00,910
AND IF THEY WOULD STAND FAST,
THEY WAY THEIR FOREFATHERS HAD,

1026
01:01:00,910 --> 01:01:04,163
VICTORY WAS UNQUESTIONABLY
GONNA COME,

1027
01:01:04,163 --> 01:01:05,798
BUT THE REALIZATION CAME
MORE AND MORE

1028
01:01:06,332 --> 01:01:07,967
THAT IT WAS NOT
GONNA COME,

1029
01:01:07,967 --> 01:01:10,136
ESPECIALLY THAT THEY
WERE NOT GONNA GET FOREIGN RECOGNITION,

1030
01:01:10,136 --> 01:01:13,389
WITHOUT WHICH WE WOULDN'T HAVE
WON THE FIRST REVOLUTION,

1031
01:01:13,389 --> 01:01:16,092
AND ALL THOSE THINGS
CLOSED IN ON THEM.

1032
01:01:26,936 --> 01:01:28,021
IN THE NORTH,

1033
01:01:28,021 --> 01:01:30,740
THE RESERVOIR OF MEN
SEEMED BOTTOMLESS.

1034
01:01:30,740 --> 01:01:33,993
WHOLE UNITS, LIKE THE 3rd
MASSACHUSETTS VOLUNTEERS,

1035
01:01:33,993 --> 01:01:37,780
HAD STILL NEVER HEARD
A SHOT FIRED IN ANGER.

1036
01:01:38,831 --> 01:01:40,450
LINCOLN NOW ISSUED
A PROCLAMATION

1037
01:01:40,450 --> 01:01:42,085
MAKING THE LAST THURSDAY
IN NOVEMBER

1038
01:01:42,085 --> 01:01:44,787
A NATIONAL DAY
OF THANKSGIVING.

1039
01:01:49,676 --> 01:01:51,294
IN THE TRENCHES
AT PETERSBURG,

1040
01:01:51,294 --> 01:01:54,547
120,000 TURKEY AND CHICKEN
DINNERS WERE SERVED

1041
01:01:54,547 --> 01:01:57,266
TO GRANT'S HUGE ARMY.

1042
01:01:58,351 --> 01:01:59,969
ONLY YARDS AWAY,

1043
01:01:59,969 --> 01:02:01,604
THE CONFEDERATES
HAD NO FEAST,

1044
01:02:01,604 --> 01:02:03,773
BUT HELD THEIR FIRE
ALL DAY

1045
01:02:03,773 --> 01:02:06,476
OUT OF RESPECT
FOR THE UNION HOLIDAY.

1046
01:02:10,279 --> 01:02:14,617
LINCOLN CALLED FOR MORE MEN
TO FINISH THE WAR.

1047
01:02:14,617 --> 01:02:17,870
THE SOUTH HAD
NO MORE MEN TO SPARE.

1048
01:02:19,489 --> 01:02:24,377
AND WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN
HAD BEGUN HIS MARCH TO THE SEA.

1049
01:02:29,248 --> 01:02:30,883
"WE LAY IN GRIM REPOSE

1050
01:02:30,883 --> 01:02:35,755
"AND EXPECTED THE RENEWAL
OF THE MORTAL CONFLICT.

1051
01:02:35,755 --> 01:02:37,390
"THE CONVICTION
EVERYWHERE PREVAILED

1052
01:02:41,177 --> 01:02:44,981
CAPTAIN JAMES F.J. CALDWELL.

1053
01:02:50,403 --> 01:02:52,021
ON THE NIGHT OF NOVEMBER 25th

1054
01:02:52,021 --> 01:02:53,656
AT THE WINTER GARDEN THEATER

1055
01:02:53,656 --> 01:02:55,274
ON BROADWAY,

1056
01:02:55,274 --> 01:02:57,994
SHAKESPEARE'S
<i>JULIUS CAESA</i>OPENED.

1057
01:02:59,078 --> 01:03:02,198
3 BROTHERS HAD
THE STARRING ROLES--

1058
01:03:02,198 --> 01:03:05,451
EDWIN, JUNIUS,
AND JOHN WILKES BOOTH.

1059
01:03:06,536 --> 01:03:08,704
AT ONE POINT
IN SHAKESPEARE'S PLAY,

1060
01:03:08,704 --> 01:03:12,508
CASSIUS SPEAKS
OF THE ASSASSINATION OF CAESAR.

1061
01:03:12,508 --> 01:03:14,677
"HOW MANY AGES HENCE

1062
01:03:15,211 --> 01:03:18,464
"SHALL THIS OUR LOFTY SCENE
BE ACTED OVER,

1063
01:03:18,464 --> 01:03:23,352
IN STATES UNBORN
AND ACCENTS YET UNKNOWN?"

1064
01:03:45,041 --> 01:03:50,880
"CAPTAIN CLAPP, 77th NEW YORK.
WOUNDED AT PETERSBURG."

1065
01:03:52,498 --> 01:03:57,386
"CAPTAIN SMITH, 77th NEW YORK.
WOUNDED AT WILDERNESS."

1066
01:03:59,005 --> 01:04:02,258
"CAPTAIN TAYLOR,
61st PENNSYLVANIA.

1067
01:04:02,258 --> 01:04:05,511
WOUNDED AT SPOTSYLVANIA."

1068
01:04:06,596 --> 01:04:12,568
"CAPTAIN ORR, 77th NEW YORK.
LOST ARM AT CEDAR CREEK."

1069
01:04:14,187 --> 01:04:19,609
"CAPTAIN DEFOE.
EYE SHOT OUT AT SPOTSYLVANIA."

1070
01:04:21,244 --> 01:04:27,750
"MAJOR ELLIS, 49th NEW YORK.
DIED OF WOUND AT SPOTSYLVANIA."

1071
01:04:29,368 --> 01:04:32,622
"CAPTAIN HICKMOTT,
49th NEW YORK.

1072
01:04:32,622 --> 01:04:35,341
KILLED AT WILDERNESS."

1073
01:04:36,425 --> 01:04:42,381
"LIEUTENANT LYON, 77th NEW YORK.
KILLED AT SPOTSYLVANIA."

1074
01:04:44,016 --> 01:04:47,270
"LIEUTENANT BELDING,
77th NEW YORK.

1075
01:04:47,270 --> 01:04:49,972
KILLED AT CEDAR CREEK."

1076
01:04:51,941 --> 01:04:56,312
"UNION OFFICERS.
ALL KILLED IN BATTLE."

1077
01:05:00,233 --> 01:05:03,486
"IT REALLY LOOKS AS IF
IT WOULD NEVER END."

1078
01:05:04,570 --> 01:05:06,205
"THE MOST INSPIRING SIGHT

1079
01:05:06,205 --> 01:05:08,908
"IS THE FLOCK OF BUZZARDS
CONSTANTLY HOVERING OVER US

1080
01:05:09,458 --> 01:05:11,627
"AND WAITING
FOR THEIR FEAST.

1081
01:05:12,161 --> 01:05:14,330
"THOSE BIRDS ARE
AT LEAST IMPARTIAL

1082
01:05:14,330 --> 01:05:17,049
BECAUSE THEY EAT
BOTH SIDES ALIKE."

1083
01:05:18,134 --> 01:05:21,921
"THE SAME, I SUPPOSE,
IS TRUE OF WORMS."

1084
01:05:21,921 --> 01:05:23,556
WASHINGTON ROEBLING.

1085
01:05:38,187 --> 01:05:40,356
BY THE SPRING OF 1864,

1086
01:05:40,356 --> 01:05:43,609
UNION DEAD COMPLETELY FILLED
THE MILITARY CEMETERIES

1087
01:05:43,609 --> 01:05:46,862
OF WASHINGTON
AND ALEXANDRIA.

1088
01:05:48,497 --> 01:05:50,116
SECRETARY OF WAR STANTON

1089
01:05:50,116 --> 01:05:52,835
ORDERED THE QUARTERMASTER
GENERAL, MONTGOMERY MEIGS,

1090
01:05:52,835 --> 01:05:55,004
TO CHOOSE A NEW SITE.

1091
01:05:55,538 --> 01:05:58,791
MEIGS WAS A GEORGIAN
WHO HAD SERVED UNDER LEE

1092
01:05:58,791 --> 01:06:01,510
IN THE PEACETIME ARMY,
BUT HE HAD DEVELOPED

1093
01:06:01,510 --> 01:06:04,764
AN INTENSE HATRED
FOR ALL HIS FELLOW SOUTHERNERS

1094
01:06:04,764 --> 01:06:08,017
WHO FOUGHT AGAINST THE UNION
HE STILL SERVED.

1095
01:06:12,355 --> 01:06:13,973
WITHOUT HESITATION,
HE PICKED THE GROUNDS

1096
01:06:14,523 --> 01:06:16,692
OF ROBERT E. LEE'S
HOME AT ARLINGTON

1097
01:06:16,692 --> 01:06:17,777
FOR THE NEW ARMY CEMETERY,

1098
01:06:18,311 --> 01:06:20,479
AND ORDERED THAT THE UNION DEAD
BE LAID TO REST

1099
01:06:20,479 --> 01:06:22,114
WITHIN A FEW FEET
OF THE FRONT DOOR

1100
01:06:22,114 --> 01:06:24,817
OF THE MAN
HE BLAMED FOR THEIR DEATHS

1101
01:06:24,817 --> 01:06:29,155
SO THAT NO ONE COULD EVER AGAIN
LIVE IN THE HOUSE.

1102
01:06:32,959 --> 01:06:35,661
IN OCTOBER, MEIGS' OWN SON JOHN
WAS KILLED

1103
01:06:36,212 --> 01:06:38,381
BY CONFEDERATE GUERRILLAS
IN THE SHENANDOAH

1104
01:06:38,381 --> 01:06:42,168
AND BURIED
IN MRS. LEE'S ROSE GARDEN.

1105
01:06:46,505 --> 01:06:49,225
AT ONE POINT THAT YEAR,
THE UNION ARMY WAS SENDING BACK

1106
01:06:49,225 --> 01:06:54,647
2,000 WOUNDED, MAIMED, AND DYING
MEN A WEEK TO WASHINGTON.

1107
01:06:57,900 --> 01:07:01,153
NOW THE MEN GRANT WAS SENDING
TO FIGHT ROBERT E. LEE

1108
01:07:01,153 --> 01:07:04,940
WERE BEING BURIED
IN LEE'S OWN FRONT YARD.

1109
01:07:08,194 --> 01:07:13,082
AND THAT YARD BECAME
ARLINGTON NATIONAL CEMETERY,

1110
01:07:13,082 --> 01:07:13,082
THE UNION'S
MOST HALLOWED GROUND.