1
00:00:05,955 --> 00:00:10,293
"WE BELIEVED
THAT IT WAS MOST DESIRABLE
2
00:00:10,293 --> 00:00:13,013
"THAT THE NORTH
SHOULD WIN.
3
00:00:13,013 --> 00:00:15,715
"WE BELIEVED
IN THE PRINCIPLE
4
00:00:15,715 --> 00:00:18,752
"THAT THE UNION
IS INDISSOLUBLE.
5
00:00:19,185 --> 00:00:22,305
"WE, OR MANY OF US AT LEAST,
ALSO BELIEVED
6
00:00:22,305 --> 00:00:25,558
"THAT THE CONFLICT
WAS INEVITABLE
7
00:00:25,558 --> 00:00:29,362
"AND THAT SLAVERY
HAD LASTED LONG ENOUGH,
8
00:00:29,362 --> 00:00:33,149
"BUT WE EQUALLY BELIEVED
THAT THOSE WHO STOOD AGAINST US
9
00:00:33,700 --> 00:00:35,869
"HELD JUST AS SACRED
CONVICTIONS
10
00:00:35,869 --> 00:00:38,571
"THAT WERE
THE OPPOSITE OF OURS,
11
00:00:38,571 --> 00:00:42,375
"AND WE RESPECTED THEM
AS EVERY MAN WITH A HEART
12
00:00:42,375 --> 00:00:47,797
MUST RESPECT THOSE
WHO GIVE ALL FOR THEIR BELIEF."
13
00:00:48,331 --> 00:00:50,500
OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES.
14
00:01:01,895 --> 00:01:05,148
WE ARE THE VETERANS
OF THE CIVIL WAR,
15
00:01:05,148 --> 00:01:08,935
'61 TO '65.
16
00:01:08,935 --> 00:01:13,273
THIS FLAG IS OF
THE HAWKINS' ZOUAVES,
17
00:01:13,823 --> 00:01:15,992
NEW YORK.
18
00:01:15,992 --> 00:01:17,610
NOW SALUTE.
19
00:01:26,269 --> 00:01:28,438
AS A SOUTHERNER,
I WOULD SAY
20
00:01:28,988 --> 00:01:31,691
ONE OF THE MAIN IMPORTANCES
OF THE WAR
21
00:01:31,691 --> 00:01:36,029
IS THAT SOUTHERNERS
HAVE A SENSE OF DEFEAT,
22
00:01:36,029 --> 00:01:40,366
UH, WHICH, UH, NONE OF THE REST
OF THE COUNTRY HAS.
23
00:01:40,366 --> 00:01:43,086
YOU SEE
IN THE MOVIE PATTON
24
00:01:43,086 --> 00:01:44,704
THE ACTOR
WHO PLAYS PATTON SAYING,
25
00:01:44,704 --> 00:01:47,957
"WE AMERICANS
HAVE NEVER LOST A WAR."
26
00:01:47,957 --> 00:01:50,126
THAT'S A RATHER AMAZING
STATEMENT FOR HIM TO MAKE
27
00:01:50,126 --> 00:01:52,295
AS PATTON BECAUSE
PATTON'S GRANDFATHER
28
00:01:52,295 --> 00:01:55,014
WAS IN LEE'S ARMY
OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA,
29
00:01:55,014 --> 00:01:57,717
AND HE CERTAINLY
LOST A WAR.
30
00:02:12,332 --> 00:02:15,051
IN 1865 IN SOUTH AFRICA,
31
00:02:15,051 --> 00:02:18,838
WHITES DROVE THE BASUTO TRIBE
FROM THEIR LAND.
32
00:02:19,923 --> 00:02:22,091
IN AFGHANISTAN,
33
00:02:22,091 --> 00:02:24,260
RUSSIAN TROOP MOVEMENTS
ALONG THE BORDER
34
00:02:24,260 --> 00:02:27,514
WERE A CAUSE OF GREAT
INTERNATIONAL CONCERN.
35
00:02:28,598 --> 00:02:30,767
AT A MONASTERY
IN AUSTRIA,
36
00:02:30,767 --> 00:02:35,104
GREGOR MENDEñ$L ESTABLISHED
THE PRINCIPLE OF HEREDITY,
37
00:02:35,104 --> 00:02:36,739
AND IN IRELAND,
38
00:02:36,739 --> 00:02:39,442
THE POET WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS
WAS BORN.
39
00:02:42,695 --> 00:02:44,330
IN 1865 IN AMERICA,
40
00:02:44,330 --> 00:02:47,584
SAMUEL CLEMENS PUBLISHED
HIS FIRST SHORT STORY
41
00:02:47,584 --> 00:02:50,286
AS MARK TWAIN.
42
00:02:50,286 --> 00:02:52,455
THE 13th AMENDMENT,
ABOLISHING SLAVERY,
43
00:02:52,455 --> 00:02:55,175
WAS FORMALLY RATIFIED,
44
00:02:55,175 --> 00:02:58,428
AND THE KU KLUX KLAN
WAS FORMED.
45
00:03:01,681 --> 00:03:03,299
IN 1860,
46
00:03:03,299 --> 00:03:06,019
MOST OF THE NATION'S
31 MILLION PEOPLE
47
00:03:06,019 --> 00:03:10,356
LIVED PEACEABLY
ON FARMS OR IN SMALL TOWNS.
48
00:03:10,356 --> 00:03:13,610
BY 1865,
EVERYTHING HAD CHANGED.
49
00:03:14,143 --> 00:03:17,397
SHARPSBURG, MARYLAND.
50
00:03:17,397 --> 00:03:20,650
FREDERICKSBURG, VIRGINIA.
51
00:03:20,650 --> 00:03:23,903
MURFREESBORO, TENNESSEE.
52
00:03:23,903 --> 00:03:27,073
GETTYSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.
53
00:03:27,073 --> 00:03:30,326
VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI.
54
00:03:30,326 --> 00:03:32,912
ATLANTA, GEORGIA.
55
00:03:39,969 --> 00:03:42,138
BY THE BEGINNING OF 1865,
56
00:03:42,138 --> 00:03:44,841
THE CONFEDERACY
WAS DYING.
57
00:03:46,476 --> 00:03:50,263
ONLY THE TATTERED CONFEDERATE
ARMY OF TENNESSEE REMAINED.
58
00:03:50,263 --> 00:03:52,982
ITS SOLDIERS,
LIKE SAM WATKINS,
59
00:03:52,982 --> 00:03:55,685
WORRIED MORE ABOUT FOOD
AND BLANKETS AND SHOES
60
00:03:55,685 --> 00:03:58,404
THAN FIGHTING.
61
00:03:58,404 --> 00:04:03,276
ELISHA HUNT RHODES
AND 120,000 OTHER UNION TROOPS
62
00:04:03,276 --> 00:04:04,911
WERE DUG IN,
63
00:04:04,911 --> 00:04:09,249
UNABLE TO DISLODGE
THE STUBBORN REBEL ARMY.
64
00:04:09,249 --> 00:04:11,417
ATLANTA HAD BEEN RAZED,
65
00:04:11,417 --> 00:04:14,120
AND GEORGIA AND THE CAROLINAS
LAY HELPLESS
66
00:04:14,120 --> 00:04:17,373
IN WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN'S
PATH.
67
00:04:17,373 --> 00:04:19,008
AS THE NEW YEAR BEGAN,
68
00:04:19,008 --> 00:04:23,346
ROBERT E. LEE ASSUMED COMMAND
OF ALL SOUTHERN FORCES
69
00:04:23,346 --> 00:04:24,964
AND, WITH IT,
THE HOPELESS TASK
70
00:04:24,964 --> 00:04:28,217
OF HURLING BACK
THE HUGE UNION ARMIES
71
00:04:28,217 --> 00:04:30,937
NOW CLOSING IN
FROM EVERY SIDE.
72
00:04:30,937 --> 00:04:33,556
WITH VICTORY
WITHIN HIS GRASP,
73
00:04:33,556 --> 00:04:37,894
ABRAHAM LINCOLN LOOKED FORWARD
TO A SECOND PRESIDENTIAL TERM
74
00:04:37,894 --> 00:04:39,529
AND A NEW CHALLENGE--
75
00:04:39,529 --> 00:04:41,147
HEALING THE NATION
76
00:04:41,147 --> 00:04:44,951
HE HAD STRUGGLED SO HARD
TO REUNITE.
77
00:04:47,654 --> 00:04:49,822
"HERE WAS THE GREATEST
AND MOST MOVING CHAPTER
78
00:04:50,373 --> 00:04:51,991
"IN AMERICAN HISTORY,
79
00:04:51,991 --> 00:04:54,160
"A BLENDING
OF MEANNESS AND GREATNESS,
80
00:04:54,711 --> 00:04:56,879
"AN ENDING
AND A BEGINNING.
81
00:04:56,879 --> 00:05:00,133
"IT CAME
OUT OF WHAT MEN WERE,
82
00:05:00,133 --> 00:05:03,386
"BUT IT DID NOT GO
AS MEN HAD PLANNED.
83
00:05:03,386 --> 00:05:06,089
"OF ALL MEN,
ABRAHAM LINCOLN CAME THE CLOSEST
84
00:05:06,089 --> 00:05:10,426
"TO UNDERSTANDING
WHAT HAD HAPPENED.
85
00:05:10,426 --> 00:05:13,680
"YET EVEN HE, IN HIS FINAL
BACKWARD GLANCE,
86
00:05:13,680 --> 00:05:17,433
"HAD TO CONFESS THAT SOMETHING
THAT WENT BEYOND WORDS
87
00:05:17,433 --> 00:05:19,068
HAD BEEN AT WORK
IN THE LAND."
88
00:05:20,153 --> 00:05:24,490
"THE ALMIGHTY HAD
HIS OWN PURPOSES."
89
00:05:24,490 --> 00:05:26,109
BRUCE CATTON.
90
00:05:33,166 --> 00:05:35,335
[CANNON FIRE]
91
00:05:49,966 --> 00:05:59,726
"MY AIM WAS
TO WHIP THE REBELS,
92
00:05:59,726 --> 00:06:02,362
"TO HUMBLE THEIR PRIDE,
93
00:06:02,362 --> 00:06:05,064
"TO FOLLOW THEM
TO THEIR INNERMOST RECESSES,
94
00:06:05,064 --> 00:06:07,784
AND TO MAKE THEM
FEAR AND DREAD US."
95
00:06:08,868 --> 00:06:12,121
"WAR IS CRUELTY.
96
00:06:12,121 --> 00:06:15,375
"THERE'S NO USE
TRYING TO REFORM IT.
97
00:06:15,375 --> 00:06:18,578
THE CRUELER IT IS,
THE SOONER IT WILL BE OVER."
98
00:06:18,578 --> 00:06:21,297
WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN.
99
00:06:23,416 --> 00:06:25,585
"WAR IS ALL HELL,"
100
00:06:25,585 --> 00:06:27,754
WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN
ONCE SAID,
101
00:06:27,754 --> 00:06:29,922
AND IT WAS NOW HIS AIM
TO BRING THAT HELL
102
00:06:29,922 --> 00:06:33,176
TO THE HEART
OF THE CONFEDERACY.
103
00:06:34,260 --> 00:06:36,429
HE SAW
FROM THE VERY BEGINNING
104
00:06:36,429 --> 00:06:38,598
HOW HARD A WAR
IT WAS GOING TO BE,
105
00:06:38,598 --> 00:06:41,317
AND WHEN HE SAID HOW
HARD A WAR IT WAS GOING TO BE,
106
00:06:41,851 --> 00:06:45,104
HE WAS RETIRED
UNDER SUSPICION OF INSANITY
107
00:06:45,104 --> 00:06:48,357
AND THEN BROUGHT BACK
WHEN THEY DECIDED
108
00:06:48,357 --> 00:06:51,611
MAYBE HE WASN'T
SO CRAZY AFTER ALL.
109
00:06:51,611 --> 00:06:55,415
SHERMAN IS MAYBE THE FIRST
TRULY MODERN GENERAL.
110
00:06:55,948 --> 00:06:58,117
HE WAS THE FIRST ONE
TO UNDERSTAND,
111
00:06:58,668 --> 00:07:00,286
IN THE PRESENT-DAY WORLD,
112
00:07:00,286 --> 00:07:05,174
THAT CIVILIANS WERE
THE BACKERS-UP OF THINGS
113
00:07:05,174 --> 00:07:07,343
AND THAT IF YOU
WENT AGAINST CIVILIANS,
114
00:07:07,343 --> 00:07:10,596
YOU DEPRIVED THE ARMY
OF WHAT KEPT IT GOING,
115
00:07:10,596 --> 00:07:13,850
SO HE QUITE PURPOSELY
MADE WAR AGAINST CIVILIANS.
116
00:07:21,974 --> 00:07:24,694
FROM ATLANTA IN LATE 1864,
117
00:07:25,228 --> 00:07:26,863
SHERMAN PROPOSED
TO MARCH HIS ARMY
118
00:07:26,863 --> 00:07:30,650
THROUGH THE HEART OF GEORGIA
ALL THE WAY TO SAVANNAH.
119
00:07:30,650 --> 00:07:32,819
HIS ARMY WOULD LIVE
OFF THE LAND,
120
00:07:32,819 --> 00:07:34,987
DESTROYING EVERYTHING
IN ITS PATH
121
00:07:34,987 --> 00:07:38,241
THAT COULD CONCEIVABLY AID
THE FALTERING CONFEDERACY
122
00:07:38,241 --> 00:07:40,409
AND A GOOD DEAL
THAT COULDN'T.
123
00:07:40,409 --> 00:07:42,578
"I CAN MAKE THIS MARCH,"
HE PROMISED,
124
00:07:42,578 --> 00:07:45,298
"AND MAKE GEORGIA HOWL."
125
00:07:48,551 --> 00:07:52,305
LINCOLN'S ADVISORS THOUGHT
SHERMAN'S PLAN FOOLHARDY.
126
00:07:52,305 --> 00:07:54,474
THE PRESIDENT APPROVED IT.
127
00:07:54,474 --> 00:07:56,092
"IF YOU CAN WHIP LEE
128
00:07:56,092 --> 00:07:58,811
AND I CAN MARCH
TO THE ATLANTIC," SHERMAN TOLD GRANT,
129
00:07:58,811 --> 00:08:02,064
"I THINK UNCLE ABE
WILL GIVE US 20 DAYS' LEAVE
130
00:08:02,064 --> 00:08:05,318
TO SEE THE YOUNG FOLKS."
131
00:08:05,318 --> 00:08:08,488
"THERE ARE RUMORS
THAT WE ARE TO CUT LOOSE
132
00:08:08,488 --> 00:08:10,656
"AND MARCH SOUTH
TO THE OCEAN.
133
00:08:10,656 --> 00:08:12,825
"WE'RE IN FINE SHAPE
AND, I THINK,
134
00:08:12,825 --> 00:08:14,994
COULD GO ANYWHERE
UNCLE BILLY WOULD LEAD."
135
00:08:14,994 --> 00:08:16,612
PRIVATE THEODORE UPSON.
136
00:08:17,163 --> 00:08:18,247
BEFORE LEAVING ATLANTA,
137
00:08:18,247 --> 00:08:21,501
SHERMAN ORDERED ALL TOWNSPEOPLE,
WHITE AND BLACK,
138
00:08:21,501 --> 00:08:23,119
OUT OF THEIR HOMES,
139
00:08:23,669 --> 00:08:25,838
THEN DIRECTED HIS MEN
TO BURN OR DESTROY
140
00:08:25,838 --> 00:08:27,456
ANYTHING OF USE
TO THE REBELS.
141
00:08:28,007 --> 00:08:31,260
[CANNON FIRE]
142
00:08:31,260 --> 00:08:32,345
CIVILIANS LOOTED THE TOWN
143
00:08:32,879 --> 00:08:35,598
AND HELPED SPREAD THE BLAZE
THROUGHOUT THE CITY.
144
00:08:37,767 --> 00:08:39,936
"A GRAND AND AWFUL SPECTACLE
IS PRESENTED TO THE BEHOLDER
145
00:08:40,469 --> 00:08:43,189
"IN THIS BEAUTIFUL CITY,
NOW IN FLAMES.
146
00:08:43,189 --> 00:08:46,442
"THE HEAVEN IS ONE EXPANSE
OF LURID FIRE.
147
00:08:46,442 --> 00:08:48,611
"THE AIR IS FILLED
WITH FLYING CINDERS.
148
00:08:49,145 --> 00:08:50,780
"THE CITY WHICH,
NEXT TO RICHMOND,
149
00:08:51,314 --> 00:08:53,466
"HAS FURNISHED MORE MATERIAL
FOR PROSECUTING THE WAR
150
00:08:53,466 --> 00:08:55,067
THAN ANY OTHER
IN THE SOUTH..."
151
00:08:56,152 --> 00:08:58,321
"EXISTS NO MORE
AS A MEANS FOR INJURY
152
00:08:58,321 --> 00:09:01,574
TO BE USED BY THE ENEMIES
OF THE UNION."
153
00:09:02,658 --> 00:09:05,912
SHERMAN BEGAN HIS MARCH.
154
00:09:07,547 --> 00:09:10,800
62,000 MEN IN BLUE
WERE ON THE MOVE
155
00:09:10,800 --> 00:09:12,418
IN TWO GREAT COLUMNS.
156
00:09:12,418 --> 00:09:16,222
THEIR SUPPLY TRAIN
STRETCHED 25 MILES.
157
00:09:16,222 --> 00:09:18,925
A SLAVE WATCHING THE ARMY
STREAM PAST
158
00:09:18,925 --> 00:09:22,728
WONDERED ALOUD
IF ANYBODY WAS LEFT UP NORTH.
159
00:09:23,813 --> 00:09:27,600
"THE NAME OF THE CAPTOR
OF ATLANTA, IF HE FAILS NOW,
160
00:09:27,600 --> 00:09:29,769
"WILL BECOME
THE SCOFF OF MANKIND
161
00:09:29,769 --> 00:09:33,022
"AND THE HUMILIATION OF
THE UNITED STATES FOR ALL TIME.
162
00:09:33,022 --> 00:09:38,327
IF HE SUCCEEDS, IT WILL BE
WRITTEN ON THE TABLET OF FAME."
163
00:09:38,327 --> 00:09:39,946
LONDON HERALD.
164
00:09:42,114 --> 00:09:42,665
[CANNON FIRE]
165
00:09:44,283 --> 00:09:48,087
"REACHING THE HILL JUST OUTSIDE
THE OLD REBEL WORKS,
166
00:09:48,087 --> 00:09:49,705
"WE PAUSED TO LOOK BACK.
167
00:09:49,705 --> 00:09:52,425
"BEHIND US LAY ATLANTA
IN RUINS,
168
00:09:52,425 --> 00:09:54,594
"THE BLACK SMOKE
RISING HIGH IN THE AIR,
169
00:09:54,594 --> 00:09:57,847
"HANGING LIKE A PALL.
170
00:09:57,847 --> 00:10:01,100
"THEN WE TURNED
OUR HORSES' HEADS TO THE EAST.
171
00:10:01,100 --> 00:10:04,887
"ATLANTA WAS SOON LOST
BEHIND THE SCREEN OF TREES
172
00:10:04,887 --> 00:10:08,140
AND BECAME
A THING OF THE PAST."
173
00:10:10,309 --> 00:10:13,562
[SHELBY FOOTE]
IT HAD BEEN CUMULATIVE EVIDENCE
174
00:10:13,562 --> 00:10:15,731
THAT AN ARMY
COULD SUBSIST ITSELF
175
00:10:15,731 --> 00:10:20,069
ON WHAT WAS GROWING
IN THE FIELDS, WINTER OR SUMMER,
176
00:10:20,069 --> 00:10:24,407
AND THEY WERE
A MOVING CITY, LIKE.
177
00:10:24,407 --> 00:10:26,575
THEY WOULD GRIND
THEIR OWN CORN
178
00:10:26,575 --> 00:10:28,744
AT GRIST MILLS
ALONG THE WAY,
179
00:10:28,744 --> 00:10:31,414
BUTCHER THEIR OWN CATTLE.
180
00:10:31,414 --> 00:10:33,582
SHERMAN WAS PERFECTLY SATISFIED
HE COULD MAKE THE MARCH
181
00:10:33,582 --> 00:10:35,751
WITHOUT DIFFICULTY
WITH REGARD TO SUPPLIES.
182
00:10:35,751 --> 00:10:37,837
IN FACT, THEY ATE BETTER
ON THAT MARCH
183
00:10:37,837 --> 00:10:40,006
THAN THEY DID
NOT MARCHING.
184
00:10:40,006 --> 00:10:43,809
SWEET POTATOES WERE
PARTICULARLY PRIZED, AND PORK.
185
00:10:43,809 --> 00:10:45,978
THEY HAD PLENTY TO EAT.
186
00:10:49,231 --> 00:10:53,019
"THE MOST GIGANTIC
PLEASURE EXCURSION EVER PLANNED.
187
00:10:53,019 --> 00:10:56,188
"IT ALREADY BEATS EVERYTHING
I EVER SAW SOLDIERING
188
00:10:56,188 --> 00:10:59,992
AND PROMISES
TO PROVE MUCH RICHER YET."
189
00:11:00,526 --> 00:11:01,077
FELL TO GRANT'S ARMY.
190
00:11:01,610 --> 00:11:02,695
"WE HAD
A GAY OLD CAMPAIGN.
191
00:11:03,245 --> 00:11:05,414
"DESTROYED ALL WE COULD NOT EAT,
STOLE THEIR NIGGERS,
192
00:11:05,414 --> 00:11:08,117
"BURNED THEIR COTTON AND GINS,
SPILLED THEIR SORGHUM,
193
00:11:08,117 --> 00:11:10,286
"BURNED AND TWISTED
THEIR RAILROADS,
194
00:11:10,286 --> 00:11:12,455
AND RAISED HELL,
GENERALLY."
195
00:11:14,090 --> 00:11:15,708
SHERMAN'S MEN
TORE UP RAILROADS,
196
00:11:15,708 --> 00:11:18,961
HEATING THE RAILS
AND TWISTING THEM BEYOND REPAIR.
197
00:11:18,961 --> 00:11:21,130
IT BECAME A TRADEMARK--
198
00:11:21,681 --> 00:11:23,849
SHERMAN'S NECKTIES.
199
00:11:30,356 --> 00:11:33,609
HE FORBADE HIS MEN TO PLUNDER
THE HOMES THEY PASSED,
200
00:11:33,609 --> 00:11:37,396
BUT NEITHER HE NOR THEY
TOOK THE ORDER VERY SERIOUSLY.
201
00:11:39,031 --> 00:11:42,818
"I'VE GOT A REGIMENT THAT CAN
KILL, GUT, AND SCRAPE A PIG
202
00:11:42,818 --> 00:11:45,538
WITHOUT BREAKING RANKS."
203
00:11:49,325 --> 00:11:52,578
"THEY SAY NO LIVING THING
IS FOUND IN SHERMAN'S TRACK,
204
00:11:53,129 --> 00:11:55,297
"ONLY CHIMNEYS,
LIKE TELEGRAPH POLES,
205
00:11:55,297 --> 00:11:59,085
TO CARRY THE NEWS
OF HIS ATTACK BACKWARDS."
206
00:11:59,085 --> 00:12:00,720
MARY CHESNUT.
207
00:12:01,804 --> 00:12:05,057
"I DOUBT IF HISTORY
AFFORDS A PARALLEL
208
00:12:05,057 --> 00:12:08,844
"TO THE DEEP AND BITTER ENMITY
OF THE WOMEN OF THE SOUTH.
209
00:12:08,844 --> 00:12:12,098
"NO ONE WHO SEES THEM
AND HEARS
210
00:12:12,098 --> 00:12:14,817
BUT MUST FEEL THE INTENSITY
OF THEIR HATE."
211
00:12:14,817 --> 00:12:16,986
[CANNON FIRE]
212
00:12:20,239 --> 00:12:22,408
"AS FAR AS
THE EYE COULD REACH,
213
00:12:22,942 --> 00:12:25,111
"THE LURID FLAMES
OF BURNING HOUSES
214
00:12:25,661 --> 00:12:26,746
"LIT UP THE HEAVENS.
215
00:12:26,746 --> 00:12:28,914
"I COULD STAND
OUT ON THE VERANDA
216
00:12:28,914 --> 00:12:33,252
AND, FOR 2 OR 3 MILES,
WATCH THE YANKEES AS THEY CAME ON."
217
00:12:33,252 --> 00:12:35,955
"I COULD MARK
WHEN THEY REACHED THE RESIDENCE
218
00:12:35,955 --> 00:12:39,759
OF EACH AND EVERY FRIEND
ON THE ROAD."
219
00:12:42,378 --> 00:12:45,631
THE TROOPS LOOTED SLAVE CABINS,
AS WELL AS MANSIONS,
220
00:12:45,631 --> 00:12:47,800
POKED THEIR RAMRODS
INTO FLOWER BEDS
221
00:12:47,800 --> 00:12:49,969
IN SEARCH
OF BURIED VALUABLES,
222
00:12:49,969 --> 00:12:52,688
AND BURNED EVERYTHING
IN THEIR PATH.
223
00:12:55,941 --> 00:13:00,813
"THE THOUSAND POUNDS OF MEAT
IN MY SMOKEHOUSE IS GONE.
224
00:13:00,813 --> 00:13:04,617
"MY 18 FAT TURKEYS,
MY HENS,
225
00:13:04,617 --> 00:13:07,319
"CHICKENS, AND FOWL,
MY YOUNG PIGS
226
00:13:07,319 --> 00:13:11,657
"ARE SHOT DOWN IN MY YARD
227
00:13:11,657 --> 00:13:14,376
AS IF TH EYWERE
THE REBELS."
228
00:13:20,883 --> 00:13:24,670
"ON THIS CAMPAIGN
TOWARDS THE CITIZENS
229
00:13:24,670 --> 00:13:30,092
"HAVE BEEN ENOUGH TO BLAST
A MORE SACRED CAUSE THAN OURS.
230
00:13:30,092 --> 00:13:32,812
WE HARDLY DESERVE
SUCCESS."
231
00:13:44,156 --> 00:13:45,241
AT MILLEDGEVILLE, GEORGIA,
232
00:13:45,241 --> 00:13:47,409
SHERMAN'S MEN
BOILED THEIR COFFEE
233
00:13:47,409 --> 00:13:49,578
OVER BONFIRES
OF CONFEDERATE CURRENCY,
234
00:13:49,578 --> 00:13:52,281
HELD A MOCK SESSION
OF THE LEGISLATURE
235
00:13:52,832 --> 00:13:57,169
THAT PASSED A RESOLUTION
RETURNING GEORGIA TO THE UNION.
236
00:13:57,169 --> 00:13:59,755
SHERMAN'S MEN
WERE FEASTING ON DELICACIES
237
00:13:59,755 --> 00:14:01,924
FORAGED FROM LOCAL FARMS
238
00:14:01,924 --> 00:14:05,177
WHEN A BAND OF EMACIATED MEN
TOTTERED INTO THE FIRELIGHT.
239
00:14:05,177 --> 00:14:09,515
THEY WERE UNION ESCAPEES
FROM ANDERSONVILLE PRISON.
240
00:14:09,515 --> 00:14:10,599
AN INDIANA COLONEL
REMEMBERED
241
00:14:10,599 --> 00:14:13,302
THAT THE SIGHT
OF THE STARVED MEN
242
00:14:13,302 --> 00:14:16,555
"SICKENED AND INFURIATED"
HIS TROOPS.
243
00:14:16,555 --> 00:14:17,640
"WHEN FORAGING NOW,
244
00:14:17,640 --> 00:14:20,359
"THEY THINK OF
THE TENS OF THOUSANDS
245
00:14:20,359 --> 00:14:24,146
"OF THEIR IMPRISONED COMRADES
SLOWLY PERISHING WITH HUNGER,
246
00:14:24,697 --> 00:14:29,034
AND THEY SWEEP
WITH THE SCYTHE OF DESTRUCTION."
247
00:14:29,034 --> 00:14:31,203
[CANNON FIRE]
248
00:14:33,906 --> 00:14:37,710
WOULD CROSS 425 MILES
OF HOSTILE TERRITORY
249
00:14:37,710 --> 00:14:42,047
AND WREAK $100 MILLION
WORTH OF HAVOC.
250
00:14:43,082 --> 00:14:45,801
THE SOUTH
WOULD NEVER FORGET.
251
00:14:47,920 --> 00:14:50,639
"WE WILL FIGHT YOU
TO THE DEATH.
252
00:14:50,639 --> 00:14:52,258
"BETTER TO DIE
A THOUSAND DEATHS
253
00:14:52,258 --> 00:14:56,595
THAN SUBMIT TO LIVE UNDER YOU
AND YOUR NEGRO ALLIES."
254
00:14:56,595 --> 00:14:59,315
GENERAL JOHN BELL HOOD.
255
00:14:59,315 --> 00:15:01,483
LACKING A LEG
AND THE USE OF ONE ARM,
256
00:15:01,483 --> 00:15:05,821
JOHN BELL HOOD HAD TO BE
STRAPPED TO THE SADDLE EACH MORNING,
257
00:15:05,821 --> 00:15:08,524
BUT HE FOUGHT AS HARD
AND AS RECKLESSLY AS EVER.
258
00:15:08,524 --> 00:15:10,075
HOOD AND HIS
DWINDLING ARMY
259
00:15:10,075 --> 00:15:12,778
NOW TRIED TO DIVERT
SHERMAN'S ATTENTION
260
00:15:13,329 --> 00:15:14,947
BY MOVING NORTH
TO JOIN FORCES
261
00:15:14,947 --> 00:15:17,116
WITH NATHAN BEDFORD FORREST'S
CAVALRY
262
00:15:17,666 --> 00:15:18,751
AND INVADE TENNESSEE.
263
00:15:18,751 --> 00:15:20,920
SHERMAN WAS DELIGHTED.
264
00:15:21,453 --> 00:15:23,088
"IF HE WILL GO
TO THE OHIO RIVER,
265
00:15:23,622 --> 00:15:25,257
I'LL GIVE HIM RATIONS,"
HE SAID.
266
00:15:25,257 --> 00:15:28,510
"MBUSINESSSS
IS DOWN SOUTH."
267
00:15:28,510 --> 00:15:30,679
WAITING FOR HOOD
IN TENNESSEE
268
00:15:30,679 --> 00:15:32,848
WAS A FRESH, WELL-EQUIPPED
UNION ARMY
269
00:15:32,848 --> 00:15:35,017
1/3 AGAIN
AS LARGE AS HOOD'S,
270
00:15:35,551 --> 00:15:38,804
COMMANDED BY GEORGE THOMAS,
"THE ROCK OF CHICKAMAUGA."
271
00:15:38,804 --> 00:15:44,226
AT FRANKLIN, HOOD ORDERED
A SERIES OF 13 HOPELESS CHARGES
272
00:15:44,226 --> 00:15:46,946
IN WHICH
12 CONFEDERATE GENERALS
273
00:15:46,946 --> 00:15:50,199
AND 7,000 SOLDIERS
WERE LOST,
274
00:15:50,199 --> 00:15:53,452
MORE MEN THAN U.S. GRANT
HAD LOST AT COLD HARBOR
275
00:15:53,452 --> 00:15:55,070
THE YEAR BEFORE,
276
00:15:55,070 --> 00:15:56,155
MORE THAN
GEORGE McCLELLAN LOST
277
00:15:56,155 --> 00:16:00,492
IN ALL THE BATTLES
OF THE 7 DAYS IN 1862.
278
00:16:02,127 --> 00:16:05,914
FRANKLIN IS
A HORRENDOUS BATTLE,
279
00:16:05,914 --> 00:16:08,083
AND THE FLOWER
OF THE ARMY FELL.
280
00:16:08,083 --> 00:16:10,252
THERE'S A STRONG SUSPICION
281
00:16:10,252 --> 00:16:12,421
THAT HOOD WAS TRYING
TO DISCIPLINE HIS ARMY
282
00:16:12,972 --> 00:16:14,056
BY STAGING THAT CHARGE,
283
00:16:14,056 --> 00:16:15,140
AND THERE'S SOME TRUTH IN IT.
284
00:16:15,674 --> 00:16:17,843
HIS ARMY WAS WRECKED.
285
00:16:17,843 --> 00:16:20,562
THE DEFEAT AT NASHVILLE
IS IN LARGE PART
286
00:16:20,562 --> 00:16:24,350
DUE TO WHAT HAD HAPPENED
AT FRANKLIN A MONTH BEFORE.
287
00:16:26,452 --> 00:16:28,570
AT NASHVILLE,
GEORGE THOMAS ATTACKED
288
00:16:28,570 --> 00:16:31,824
WHAT WAS LEFT
OF HOOD'S ARMY.
289
00:16:31,824 --> 00:16:33,442
"MY BOOT
WAS FULL OF BLOOD
290
00:16:33,442 --> 00:16:35,611
"AND MY CLOTHING
SATURATED WITH IT.
291
00:16:35,611 --> 00:16:37,780
"I REACHED
GENERAL HOOD'S HEADQUARTERS.
292
00:16:37,780 --> 00:16:39,948
"HE WAS MUCH AGITATED
AND AFFECTED,
293
00:16:39,948 --> 00:16:42,117
"PULLING HIS HAIR
WITH HIS ONE HAND--
294
00:16:42,117 --> 00:16:43,752
"HE HAD BUT ONE--
295
00:16:43,752 --> 00:16:45,921
AND CRYING LIKE
HIS HEART WOULD BREAK."
296
00:16:45,921 --> 00:16:47,539
SAM WATKINS.
297
00:16:48,090 --> 00:16:50,676
HOOD'S ARMY
HAD DISINTEGRATED.
298
00:16:51,210 --> 00:16:53,929
"I BEHELD FOR THE FIRST
AND ONLY TIME," HE CONFESSED,
299
00:16:53,929 --> 00:16:58,267
"A CONFEDERATE ARMY
ABANDON THE FIELD IN CONFUSION."
300
00:16:58,267 --> 00:17:00,436
HOOD RESIGNED.
301
00:17:02,054 --> 00:17:04,773
LEE RECALLED JOE JOHNSTON
TO ACTIVE DUTY
302
00:17:04,773 --> 00:17:06,942
AND PUT HIM IN CHARGE
OF PATCHING TOGETHER
303
00:17:07,476 --> 00:17:12,364
WHATEVER CONFEDERATE FORCES
REMAINED OUTSIDE OF VIRGINIA.
304
00:17:12,364 --> 00:17:14,533
"WE WERE WILLING
TO GO ANYWHERE
305
00:17:14,533 --> 00:17:16,702
"OR TO FOLLOW ANYONE
WHO WOULD LEAD US.
306
00:17:16,702 --> 00:17:19,955
"WE WERE ANXIOUS
TO FLEE, FIGHT, OR FORTIFY.
307
00:17:19,955 --> 00:17:23,742
"I HAVE NEVER SEEN AN ARMY
SO CONFUSED AND DEMORALIZED.
308
00:17:23,742 --> 00:17:27,546
THE WHOLE THING SEEMED TO BE
TOTTERING AND TREMBLING."
309
00:17:31,884 --> 00:17:34,586
"GENTLEMEN,
YOU CANNOT QUALIFY WAR
310
00:17:34,586 --> 00:17:38,390
IN HARSHER TERMS
THAN I WILL."
311
00:17:38,924 --> 00:17:40,559
"WE CANNOT
CHANGE THE HEARTS
312
00:17:40,559 --> 00:17:42,728
"OF THESE PEOPLE
OF THE SOUTH,
313
00:17:42,728 --> 00:17:45,431
"BUT WE CAN MAKE WAR
SO TERRIBLE
314
00:17:45,431 --> 00:17:47,066
"AND MAKE THEM
SO SICK OF WAR
315
00:17:47,066 --> 00:17:49,685
"THAT GENERATIONS
WILL PASS AWAY
316
00:17:49,685 --> 00:17:52,404
BEFORE THEY AGAIN
APPEAL TO IT."
317
00:17:52,404 --> 00:17:54,573
WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN.
318
00:17:57,826 --> 00:17:59,995
"DARKEST OF ALL DECEMBERS
319
00:17:59,995 --> 00:18:02,164
"EVER MY LIFE HAS KNOWN,
320
00:18:02,164 --> 00:18:04,750
"SITTING HERE BY THE EMBERS,
321
00:18:04,750 --> 00:18:09,088
STUNNED, HELPLESS, ALONE."
322
00:18:09,088 --> 00:18:11,256
MARY CHESNUT.
323
00:18:22,101 --> 00:18:24,803
"MY NAME IS CHARLES JESS.
324
00:18:24,803 --> 00:18:28,607
"I WAS BORN IN SOUTH CAROLINA
AS A SLAVE,
325
00:18:28,607 --> 00:18:30,225
"AND I WAS FREED
326
00:18:30,776 --> 00:18:34,029
"WHEN SHERMAN'S ARMY CAME
INTO THE COUNTY OF CHATHAM.
327
00:18:34,029 --> 00:18:36,198
"I WAS A UNION MAN.
328
00:18:36,198 --> 00:18:39,451
"I WAS A SLAVE
AND COULD NOT BE ANYTHING ELSE
329
00:18:39,451 --> 00:18:41,620
"BECAUSE I WANTED
MY FREEDOM,
330
00:18:41,620 --> 00:18:46,492
"AND I HOPED AND EXPECTED
IT WOULD GIVE ME MY FREEDOM,
331
00:18:46,492 --> 00:18:48,127
AS IT DID."
332
00:18:50,145 --> 00:18:51,747
"THE NEGROES FOLLOWED
THE ARMY
333
00:18:51,747 --> 00:18:56,084
"LIKE A SABLE CLOUD IN THE SKY
BEFORE A THUNDERSTORM.
334
00:18:56,084 --> 00:18:59,338
THEY THOUGHT IT WAS FREEDOM
NOW OR NEVER."
335
00:19:00,422 --> 00:19:03,142
25,000 SLAVES FLED
TO SHERMAN'S ARMY,
336
00:19:03,142 --> 00:19:05,844
JUBILANT HE HAD COME
TO LIBERATE THEM,
337
00:19:05,844 --> 00:19:09,648
BUT FEARFUL THAT IF THEY STRAYED
TOO FAR FROM HIS COLUMNS,
338
00:19:09,648 --> 00:19:12,351
THEY WOULD BE CAUGHT
BY CONFEDERATE GUERRILLAS.
339
00:19:12,901 --> 00:19:17,773
"PERFECT ANARCHY REIGNED,"
ONE PLANTATION OWNER SAID.
340
00:19:17,773 --> 00:19:22,661
IT WAS, SAID ANOTHER,
"THE BREATH OF EMANCIPATION."
341
00:19:22,661 --> 00:19:26,331
AND THE YANKEES WOULD COME,
AND AFTER A WHILE,
342
00:19:26,331 --> 00:19:29,034
THERE WOULD BE
A WHOLE TROOP OF MEN COME.
343
00:19:29,034 --> 00:19:30,669
THEY SAID
THEY WERE YANKEES,
344
00:19:30,669 --> 00:19:32,838
ALL RIDING HORSES.
345
00:19:32,838 --> 00:19:35,007
SO I ASKED THEM, I SAID,
"WHERE ARE THEY GOING?"
346
00:19:35,007 --> 00:19:37,709
THEY SAID THEY ALL
GOING HOME NOW.
347
00:19:37,709 --> 00:19:41,513
THEY SAID, "WELL, ALL OF YOU
NIGGERS IS ALL FREE NOW."
348
00:19:49,104 --> 00:19:51,273
[SHERMAN]
"THEY GATHER AROUND ME IN CROWDS,
349
00:19:51,273 --> 00:19:53,976
"AND I CAN'T FIND OUT
WHETHER I AM MOSES OR AARON,
350
00:19:53,976 --> 00:19:58,313
BUT SURELY I AM RATED
AS ONE OF THE CONGREGATION."
351
00:20:03,202 --> 00:20:05,370
"IT SEEMS THE GOOD PEOPLE
IN THE NORTH
352
00:20:05,370 --> 00:20:07,539
"ARE TERRIBLY WORRIED
ABOUT US.
353
00:20:07,539 --> 00:20:09,708
"THEY CALLED US
THE LOST ARMY,
354
00:20:09,708 --> 00:20:11,326
"AND SOME THOUGHT WE
WOULD NEVER SHOW UP AGAIN.
355
00:20:11,877 --> 00:20:13,495
"I DON'T THINK THEY KNOW
WHAT KIND OF AN ARMY THIS IS
356
00:20:13,495 --> 00:20:15,130
"THAT UNCLE BILLY HAS.
357
00:20:15,130 --> 00:20:17,833
"WHY, IF GRANT CAN KEEP
LEE AND HIS TROOPS BUSY,
358
00:20:17,833 --> 00:20:21,637
WE CAN TRAMP ALL OVER
THIS CONFEDERACY."
359
00:20:21,637 --> 00:20:23,805
PRIVATE THEODORE UPSON.
360
00:20:25,974 --> 00:20:27,593
THROUGHOUT THE NORTH,
361
00:20:27,593 --> 00:20:30,312
PEOPLE WONDERED WHAT
HAD HAPPENED TO SHERMAN'S ARMY,
362
00:20:30,312 --> 00:20:31,930
UNTIL SUDDENLY,
363
00:20:31,930 --> 00:20:36,268
WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN
EMERGED NEAR SAVANNAH.
364
00:20:36,268 --> 00:20:38,987
"DECEMBER 25, 1864.
365
00:20:38,987 --> 00:20:41,156
"DEAR MR. PRESIDENT,
366
00:20:41,156 --> 00:20:44,409
"I BEG TO PRESENT YOU,
AS A CHRISTMAS GIFT,
367
00:20:44,409 --> 00:20:47,112
"THE CITY OF SAVANNAH,
368
00:20:47,112 --> 00:20:50,365
"WITH 150 HEAVY GUNS
AND PLENTY OF AMMUNITION,
369
00:20:50,365 --> 00:20:54,703
ALSO ABOUT 25,000 BALES
OF COTTON."
370
00:20:56,338 --> 00:20:59,041
HE THEN REGROUPS AT SAVANNAH,
371
00:20:59,041 --> 00:21:00,676
AND IN THE LAST WEEK
372
00:21:00,676 --> 00:21:02,844
OF JANUARY,
373
00:21:02,844 --> 00:21:06,632
HE STARTS INTO SOUTH CAROLINA.
374
00:21:06,632 --> 00:21:10,969
SOUTH CAROLINA GETS IT
EVEN WORSE THAN GEORGIA
375
00:21:10,969 --> 00:21:14,222
BECAUSE THEY FIGURED
THAT'S WHERE SECESSION STARTED.
376
00:21:15,857 --> 00:21:18,026
SHERMAN NOW TURNED
HIS COLUMNS NORTHWARD
377
00:21:18,560 --> 00:21:20,195
INTO THE CAROLINAS.
378
00:21:20,195 --> 00:21:22,898
A RELENTLESS
WINTER RAIN WAS FALLING,
379
00:21:22,898 --> 00:21:25,067
AND CONFEDERATE GENERALS
WERE CONFIDENT
380
00:21:25,067 --> 00:21:27,786
NO ARMY COULD MARCH
THROUGH THE MUD,
381
00:21:27,786 --> 00:21:31,573
BUT SHERMAN AND HIS MEN
MADE A STEADY 10 MILES A DAY.
382
00:21:31,573 --> 00:21:33,208
BATTALIONS OF AXMEN
LED THE WAY,
383
00:21:33,742 --> 00:21:38,080
HACKING DOWN WHOLE FORESTS
TO CONSTRUCT CORDUROY ROADS.
384
00:21:38,080 --> 00:21:40,248
"WHEN I LEARNED
THAT SHERMAN'S ARMY
385
00:21:40,248 --> 00:21:42,417
"WAS MARCHING THROUGH
THE SALKEHATCHIE SWAMPS
386
00:21:42,968 --> 00:21:45,137
"AT THE RATE
OF A DOZEN MILES A DAY
387
00:21:45,137 --> 00:21:47,839
"AND BRINGING ITS ARTILLERY
AND WAGONS WITH IT,
388
00:21:47,839 --> 00:21:51,093
"I MADE UP MY MIND
THAT THERE HAD BEEN NO SUCH ARMY IN EXISTENCE
389
00:21:51,093 --> 00:21:53,812
SINCE THE DAYS
OF JULIUS CAESAR."
390
00:21:53,812 --> 00:21:56,515
JOSEPH E. JOHNSTON.
391
00:21:56,515 --> 00:21:58,567
[CANNON FIRE]
392
00:21:58,567 --> 00:22:00,736
SHERMAN'S MEN WERE STILL
HARSHER IN SOUTH CAROLINA
393
00:22:00,736 --> 00:22:03,438
THAN THEY HAD BEEN
IN GEORGIA.
394
00:22:03,438 --> 00:22:06,158
"HERE IS WHERE TREASON BEGAN,"
A PRIVATE SAID,
395
00:22:06,692 --> 00:22:09,945
"AND BY GOD,
THIS IS WHERE IT SHALL END."
396
00:22:09,945 --> 00:22:12,664
FEW HOUSES
WERE LEFT STANDING.
397
00:22:15,367 --> 00:22:17,536
"THE WIND MOANS
AMONG THE BLEAK CHIMNEYS
398
00:22:17,536 --> 00:22:21,340
"AND WHISTLES THROUGH
THE GAPING WINDOWS.
399
00:22:21,340 --> 00:22:27,295
"THE MARKET IS A RUINED SHELL,
ITS SPIRE FALLEN IN,
400
00:22:27,295 --> 00:22:30,549
"THE OLD BELL, SECESSIA,
401
00:22:30,549 --> 00:22:34,353
"THAT HAD RUNG OUT EVERY STATE
AS IT SECEDED,
402
00:22:34,886 --> 00:22:38,140
LYING HALF-BURIED
IN THE EARTH."
403
00:22:40,776 --> 00:22:44,029
ON FEBRUARY 17, 1865,
404
00:22:44,029 --> 00:22:45,113
FORT SUMTER WAS ABANDONED,
405
00:22:46,198 --> 00:22:48,900
ALONG WITH
ALL OF CHARLESTON.
406
00:22:50,535 --> 00:22:52,704
"THDISAPPOINTMENT,"T,"
JEFFERSON DAVIS ADMITTED,
407
00:22:52,704 --> 00:22:55,407
"IS EXTREMELY BITTER."
408
00:23:05,083 --> 00:23:07,252
"A CITY OF RUINS,
409
00:23:07,252 --> 00:23:09,838
"OF DESOLATION,
410
00:23:09,838 --> 00:23:13,075
OF VACANT HOUSES,
OF WIDOWED WOMEN..."
411
00:23:14,092 --> 00:23:16,261
"OF ROTTING WHARVES,
412
00:23:16,261 --> 00:23:18,980
"OF DESERTED WAREHOUSES,
413
00:23:18,980 --> 00:23:23,685
"OF WEED-WILD GARDENS,
OF MILES OF GRASS-GROWN STREETS,
414
00:23:23,685 --> 00:23:27,489
"OF ACRES OF PITIFUL
AND VOICEFUL BARRENNESS--
415
00:23:27,489 --> 00:23:31,276
"THAT IS CHARLESTON,
416
00:23:31,827 --> 00:23:36,164
WHEREIN REBELLION
LOFTILY REARED ITS HEAD."
417
00:23:48,627 --> 00:23:50,796
[CANNON FIRE]
418
00:23:58,386 --> 00:24:00,555
"JACK MIDDLETON WRITES
FROM RICHMOND,
419
00:24:00,555 --> 00:24:03,275
"THE WOLF IS AT THE DOOR HERE.
420
00:24:03,275 --> 00:24:05,444
"WE DREAD STARVATION FAR MORE
421
00:24:05,444 --> 00:24:07,612
"THAN WE DO GRANT OR SHERMAN.
422
00:24:07,612 --> 00:24:11,399
FAMINE--THAT IS THE WORD NOW."
423
00:24:11,950 --> 00:24:14,119
MARY CHESNUT.
424
00:24:17,906 --> 00:24:20,075
EVERYWHERE THE UNION
ARMIES MARCHED,
425
00:24:20,075 --> 00:24:24,412
THE BACK ROADS FILLED
WITH CONFEDERATE REFUGEES.
426
00:24:26,047 --> 00:24:29,301
THOUSANDS FLED TO TEXAS
IN SEARCH OF A NEW START.
427
00:24:29,301 --> 00:24:31,336
THOUSANDS MORE
FLOCKED TO RICHMOND,
428
00:24:31,336 --> 00:24:35,140
HOPING THE CONFEDERATE
GOVERNMENT WOULD CARE FOR THEM.
429
00:24:35,140 --> 00:24:37,309
THERE WAS LITTLE
IT COULD DO.
430
00:24:37,309 --> 00:24:40,562
THE CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT
WAS COMING APART.
431
00:24:40,562 --> 00:24:42,731
THE GOVERNOR
OF NORTH CAROLINA
432
00:24:42,731 --> 00:24:44,349
REFUSED TO PERMIT
ANY BUT HIS OWN TROOPS
433
00:24:45,433 --> 00:24:48,687
TO WEAR THE 92,000 UNIFORMS
HE WAS HOARDING.
434
00:24:48,687 --> 00:24:50,322
IN GEORGIA,
435
00:24:50,322 --> 00:24:53,024
GOVERNOR JOSEPH BROWN
THREATENED TO SECEDE
436
00:24:53,024 --> 00:24:55,193
FROM THE CONFEDERACY.
437
00:24:56,278 --> 00:24:59,531
STATES' RIGHTS
STILL CAME FIRST.
438
00:25:02,784 --> 00:25:05,504
"IF THE CONFEDERACY FAILS,
439
00:25:05,504 --> 00:25:08,206
"THERE SHOULD BE WRITTEN
ON ITS TOMBSTONE--
440
00:25:08,206 --> 00:25:11,459
DIED OF A THEORY."
441
00:25:11,459 --> 00:25:14,179
PRESIDENT JEFFERSON DAVIS.
442
00:25:15,797 --> 00:25:18,517
"I HAVE BEEN UP
TO SEE THE CONGRESS,
443
00:25:18,517 --> 00:25:20,685
"AND THEY DO NOT SEEM ABLE
TO DO ANYTHING
444
00:25:20,685 --> 00:25:23,388
"EXCEPT EAT PEANUTS
AND CHEW TOBACCO,
445
00:25:23,388 --> 00:25:26,107
WHILE MY ARMY
IS STARVING."
446
00:25:26,641 --> 00:25:28,276
ROBERT E. LEE.
447
00:25:28,276 --> 00:25:31,530
LEE BEGGED
FOR MORE SUPPLIES.
448
00:25:31,530 --> 00:25:33,698
DAVIS HAD NONE TO GIVE.
449
00:25:33,698 --> 00:25:38,036
A SINGLE STICK OF FIREWOOD
COST $5.00 IN RICHMOND.
450
00:25:38,036 --> 00:25:41,289
A BARREL OF FLOUR
HAD RISEN TO $250
451
00:25:41,289 --> 00:25:45,627
AND COULD RARELY BE FOUND
EVEN AT THAT PRICE.
452
00:25:45,627 --> 00:25:49,414
"I DAILY PART
WITH MY RAIMENT FOR FOOD.
453
00:25:49,414 --> 00:25:52,667
"WE FIND NO ONE
WHO WILL EXCHANGE EATABLES
454
00:25:52,667 --> 00:25:54,836
"FOR CONFEDERATE MONEY,
455
00:25:54,836 --> 00:25:58,089
SO WE ARE DEVOURING
OUR CLOTHES."
456
00:26:00,809 --> 00:26:03,511
HUNDREDS OF CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS
WERE DESERTING EVERY DAY,
457
00:26:03,511 --> 00:26:06,231
COLD, HUNGRY, BAREFOOT,
458
00:26:06,231 --> 00:26:09,484
DRIVEN BY DESPERATE LETTERS
FROM HOME.
459
00:26:13,822 --> 00:26:16,524
LEE ASKED THAT SLAVES
NOW BE ARMED
460
00:26:16,524 --> 00:26:18,159
TO DEFEND
THE CONFEDERACY.
461
00:26:18,159 --> 00:26:20,328
"WE MUST DECIDE,"
HE SAID,
462
00:26:20,328 --> 00:26:24,115
"WHETHER THE NEGRO SHALL FIGHT
FOR US OR AGAINST US.
463
00:26:24,666 --> 00:26:26,835
THOSE WILLING TO FIGHT,"
HE ADDED,
464
00:26:26,835 --> 00:26:30,088
WOULD BE FREED
AFTER THE WAR."
465
00:26:30,088 --> 00:26:33,875
THE CONFEDERATE CONGRESS
FINALLY AUTHORIZED BLACK TROOPS
466
00:26:33,875 --> 00:26:36,595
BECAUSE,
AS THE RICHMOND EXAMINER SAID,
467
00:26:36,595 --> 00:26:39,297
"THE COUNTRY WILL NOT DENY
GENERAL LEE ANYTHING
468
00:26:39,297 --> 00:26:41,466
HE MAY ASK FOR."
469
00:26:41,466 --> 00:26:43,101
6 DAYS LATER,
470
00:26:43,101 --> 00:26:46,888
THE CITIZENS OF RICHMOND
SAW AN ASTONISHING SIGHT--
471
00:26:46,888 --> 00:26:48,523
A NEW
CONFEDERATE BATTALION
472
00:26:48,523 --> 00:26:52,861
MADE UP OF WHITE CONVALESCENTS
AND BLACK HOSPITAL ORDERLIES
473
00:26:52,861 --> 00:26:57,198
MARCHING UP MAIN STREET
TO THE STRAINS OF DIXIE.
474
00:26:59,367 --> 00:27:01,536
"YOU CANNOT MAKE
SOLDIERS OF SLAVES
475
00:27:01,536 --> 00:27:03,154
"OR SLAVES OF SOLDIERS.
476
00:27:03,154 --> 00:27:05,323
"THE DAY YOU MAKE
A SOLDIER OF THEM
477
00:27:05,323 --> 00:27:08,576
"IS THE BEGINNING OF THE END
OF THE REVOLUTION,
478
00:27:08,576 --> 00:27:11,296
"AND IF SLAVES
SEEM GOOD SOLDIERS,
479
00:27:11,296 --> 00:27:14,549
THEN OUR WHOLE THEORY
OF SLAVERY IS WRONG."
480
00:27:14,549 --> 00:27:17,252
SENATOR HOWELL COBB,
GEORGIA.
481
00:27:19,971 --> 00:27:21,056
EARLIER THAT WINTER,
482
00:27:21,056 --> 00:27:25,393
THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS
HAD VOTED 119 TO 56
483
00:27:25,393 --> 00:27:28,096
TO PASS THE 13th AMENDMENT
TO ABOLISH SLAVERY
484
00:27:28,647 --> 00:27:32,434
AND SENT IT TO THE STATES
FOR RATIFICATION.
485
00:27:34,436 --> 00:27:36,071
11 MONTHS LATER,
486
00:27:36,071 --> 00:27:38,239
SLAVERY WAS OFFICIALLY
ABOLISHED EVERYWHERE
487
00:27:38,239 --> 00:27:40,942
AND FOR ALL TIME.
488
00:27:44,612 --> 00:27:47,332
"VERILY,
THE WORK DOES NOT END
489
00:27:47,332 --> 00:27:50,035
"WITH THE ABOLITION
OF SLAVERY,
490
00:27:50,035 --> 00:27:52,754
BUT ONLY BEGINS."
491
00:27:52,754 --> 00:27:55,457
FREDERICK DOUGLASS.
492
00:28:01,429 --> 00:28:05,233
"I SEE THE PRESIDENT
ALMOST EVERY DAY.
493
00:28:05,233 --> 00:28:07,402
"I SAW HIM THIS MORNING
ABOUT 8:30,
494
00:28:07,402 --> 00:28:09,571
"COMING INTO BUSINESS.
495
00:28:09,571 --> 00:28:14,442
"WE HAVE GOT SO THAT WE EXCHANGE
BOWS, AND VERY CORDIAL ONES.
496
00:28:14,442 --> 00:28:16,494
"I SEE VERY PLAINLY
497
00:28:17,028 --> 00:28:21,366
"ABRAHAM LINCOLN'S DARK BROWN
FACE WITH ITS DEEP-CUT LINES,
498
00:28:21,366 --> 00:28:23,001
"THE EYES ALWAYS,
TO ME,
499
00:28:23,001 --> 00:28:26,788
WITH A LATENT SADNESS
IN THE EXPRESSION."
500
00:28:27,872 --> 00:28:30,592
"NONE OF THE ARTISTS
OR PICTURES
501
00:28:30,592 --> 00:28:34,379
"HAS CAUGHT THE DEEP, THOUGH
SUBTLE AND INDIRECT, EXPRESSION
502
00:28:34,379 --> 00:28:36,014
"OF THIS MAN'S FACE.
503
00:28:36,014 --> 00:28:37,632
"THERE IS
SOMETHING ELSE THERE.
504
00:28:37,632 --> 00:28:39,267
"ONE OF THE GREAT
PORTRAIT PAINTERS
505
00:28:39,267 --> 00:28:43,054
OF 2 OR 3 CENTURIES AGO
IS NEEDED."
506
00:28:43,054 --> 00:28:44,689
WALT WHITMAN.
507
00:28:45,774 --> 00:28:47,392
[CANNON FIRE]
508
00:28:47,392 --> 00:28:49,561
"MARCH 4.
509
00:28:49,561 --> 00:28:51,730
"WE CAPTURED 25 CANNON.
510
00:28:51,730 --> 00:28:53,898
"GENERAL MOWER FIRED THEM TODAY
IN A SALUTE
511
00:28:53,898 --> 00:28:56,067
"IN HONOR OF THE INAUGURATION
OF MR. LINCOLN
512
00:28:56,067 --> 00:28:58,236
"FOR HIS SECOND TERM.
513
00:28:58,236 --> 00:29:03,124
"HIS FIRST INAUGURATION WAS NOT
CELEBRATED IN NORTH CAROLINA,
514
00:29:03,124 --> 00:29:05,827
"BUT THE GLORIFICATION OVER
THE BEGINNING OF HIS SECOND TERM
515
00:29:05,827 --> 00:29:08,546
GOES TO MAKE UP
THE DEFICIENCY."
516
00:29:08,546 --> 00:29:10,715
GEORGE NICHOLS.
517
00:29:22,644 --> 00:29:25,346
INAUGURATION DAY
WAS COLD AND WINDY,
518
00:29:25,897 --> 00:29:29,684
JUST AS IT HAD BEEN
4 YEARS EARLIER...
519
00:29:30,769 --> 00:29:32,937
BUT THE U.S. CAPITOL
WAS NOW COMPLETE,
520
00:29:32,937 --> 00:29:35,657
ITS GREAT IRON DOME
IN PLACE,
521
00:29:35,657 --> 00:29:38,359
CROWNED BY A BRONZE LIBERTY.
522
00:29:41,613 --> 00:29:43,782
JUST BEFORE THE PRESIDENT
BEGAN TO SPEAK,
523
00:29:44,332 --> 00:29:45,950
THE CLOUDS PARTED,
524
00:29:45,950 --> 00:29:49,204
FLOODING THE STAND
WITH BRILLIANT SUNLIGHT.
525
00:29:51,372 --> 00:29:54,092
"FONDLY DO WE HOPE,
526
00:29:54,092 --> 00:29:56,795
"FERVENTLY DO WE PRAY
527
00:29:56,795 --> 00:30:01,683
THAT THIS MIGHTY SCOURGE OF WAR
MAY SPEEDILY PASS AWAY."
528
00:30:03,301 --> 00:30:06,020
"YET IF GOD WILLS
THAT IT CONTINUE
529
00:30:06,020 --> 00:30:07,639
"UNTIL ALL THE WEALTH
PILED UP
530
00:30:07,639 --> 00:30:11,976
"BY THE BONDMAN'S 250 YEARS
OF UNREQUITED TOIL
531
00:30:11,976 --> 00:30:14,145
"SHALL BE SUNK
532
00:30:14,145 --> 00:30:17,949
"AND UNTIL EVERY DROP OF BLOOD
DRAWN WITH THE LASH
533
00:30:17,949 --> 00:30:22,287
"SHALL BE PAID
BY ANOTHER DRAWN WITH THE SWORD,
534
00:30:22,287 --> 00:30:25,540
"AS WAS SAID
3,000 YEARS AGO,
535
00:30:25,540 --> 00:30:28,243
"SO STILL MUST BE SAID,
536
00:30:28,243 --> 00:30:29,878
"THE JUDGMENTS OF THE LORD
537
00:30:29,878 --> 00:30:33,665
ARE TRUE AND RIGHTEOUS
ALTOGETHER."
538
00:30:36,384 --> 00:30:39,637
"WITH MALICE TOWARDS NONE,
539
00:30:39,637 --> 00:30:42,841
WITH CHARITY FOR ALL..."
540
00:30:43,842 --> 00:30:44,926
"WITH FIRMNESS IN THE RIGHT
541
00:30:44,926 --> 00:30:48,179
"AS GOD GIVES US
TO SEE THE RIGHT,
542
00:30:48,179 --> 00:30:53,067
"LET US STRIVE ON
TO FINISH THE WORK WE ARE IN,
543
00:30:53,067 --> 00:30:55,770
"TO BIND UP
THE NATION'S WOUNDS,
544
00:30:55,770 --> 00:31:00,024
"TO CARE FOR HIM
WHO SHALL HAVE BORNE THE BATTLE
545
00:31:00,024 --> 00:31:03,278
AND FOR HIS WIDOW
AND HIS ORPHAN..."
546
00:31:04,362 --> 00:31:06,531
"TO DO ALL
WHICH MAY ACHIEVE AND CHERISH
547
00:31:06,531 --> 00:31:09,784
"A JUST AND LASTING PEACE
AMONG OURSELVES
548
00:31:10,335 --> 00:31:12,503
AND WITH ALL NATIONS."
549
00:31:15,206 --> 00:31:17,375
CAN IT BE ANYONE BUT LINCOLN
550
00:31:17,375 --> 00:31:21,179
THAT ANY OF US
COULD BE DRAWN TO
551
00:31:21,179 --> 00:31:24,432
AS THE CENTRAL FIGURE
OF THE WAR?
552
00:31:24,432 --> 00:31:30,388
BECAUSE, IN A WAY,
HE COMPREHENDED BOTH SIDES.
553
00:31:30,388 --> 00:31:37,445
"WE MUST NOT BE ENEMIES.
WE MUST BE FRIENDS."
554
00:31:37,445 --> 00:31:39,480
[HAIL TO THE CHI PLAYING]
555
00:31:39,480 --> 00:31:42,200
"I'M A TIRED MAN,"
LINCOLN SAID AFTERWARDS.
556
00:31:42,200 --> 00:31:46,537
"SOMETIMES I THINK
I'M THE TIREDEST MAN ON EARTH."
557
00:31:55,747 --> 00:31:58,466
IN THE CROWD
JUST A FEW YARDS FROM LINCOLN
558
00:31:58,466 --> 00:32:01,169
WAS THE YOUNG ACTOR
JOHN WILKES BOOTH,
559
00:32:01,169 --> 00:32:04,422
A PISTOL IN HIS POCKET.
560
00:32:04,422 --> 00:32:06,057
HIS VANTAGE POINT
ON THE BALCONY,
561
00:32:06,591 --> 00:32:08,226
BOOTH SAID AFTERWARDS,
HAD OFFERED
562
00:32:08,226 --> 00:32:11,479
"AN EXCELLENT CHANCE
TO KILL THE PRESIDENT...
563
00:32:11,479 --> 00:32:13,097
IF I HAD WISHED."
564
00:32:16,901 --> 00:32:17,986
JOHN WILKES BOOTH
565
00:32:17,986 --> 00:32:21,773
WAS A FERVENT BELIEVER
IN SLAVERY AND WHITE SUPREMACY,
566
00:32:21,773 --> 00:32:23,408
BUT DURING
4 YEARS OF WAR,
567
00:32:23,408 --> 00:32:25,026
HE HAD NOT BEEN ABLE
TO BRING HIMSELF
568
00:32:25,026 --> 00:32:28,830
ACTUALLY TO FIGHT
FOR THE SOUTHERN CAUSE.
569
00:32:28,830 --> 00:32:31,532
"I HAVE BEGUN
TO DEEM MYSELF A COWARD
570
00:32:31,532 --> 00:32:34,786
AND TO DESPISE
MY OWN EXISTENCE."
571
00:32:36,955 --> 00:32:38,589
HIS MIND FIXED
ON LINCOLN
572
00:32:38,589 --> 00:32:42,377
AS THE TYRANT RESPONSIBLE
FOR ALL THE COUNTRY'S TROUBLES
573
00:32:42,377 --> 00:32:45,096
AND HIS OWN.
574
00:32:45,096 --> 00:32:48,349
BOOTH HATCHED A SCHEME
TO KIDNAP LINCOLN
575
00:32:48,349 --> 00:32:51,052
AND GATHERED A WORSHIPFUL BAND
OF DUBIOUS CONSPIRATORS
576
00:32:51,602 --> 00:32:53,221
WILLING TO HELP OUT.
577
00:32:53,221 --> 00:32:54,722
LEWIS PAINE,
578
00:32:54,722 --> 00:32:56,357
A WOUNDED CONFEDERATE
579
00:32:56,891 --> 00:33:00,144
WHO HAD RECENTLY SWORN
ALLEGIANCE TO THE UNION.
580
00:33:00,695 --> 00:33:01,779
DAVID E. HEROLD,
581
00:33:01,779 --> 00:33:03,398
A DRUGGIST'S CLERK
582
00:33:03,398 --> 00:33:07,201
WHO WAS THOUGHT BY SOME
TO BE MENTALLY RETARDED.
583
00:33:07,201 --> 00:33:08,820
GEORGE ATZERODT,
584
00:33:08,820 --> 00:33:10,455
A GERMAN-BORN WAGON PAINTER
585
00:33:10,455 --> 00:33:14,242
BARELY ABLE TO MAKE HIMSELF
UNDERSTOOD IN ENGLISH.
586
00:33:14,242 --> 00:33:16,411
AND JOHN H. SURRATT,
587
00:33:16,961 --> 00:33:19,130
A SOMETIME CONFEDERATE SPY
588
00:33:19,130 --> 00:33:20,214
WHOSE WIDOWED MOTHER MARY
589
00:33:20,214 --> 00:33:22,383
KEPT A WASHINGTON
BOARDING HOUSE
590
00:33:22,383 --> 00:33:25,636
WHERE BOOTH AND HIS ADMIRERS
SOMETIMES MET.
591
00:33:26,721 --> 00:33:28,339
[HOOFBEATS]
592
00:33:28,339 --> 00:33:29,974
TWO WEEKS
AFTER THE INAUGURATION,
593
00:33:29,974 --> 00:33:33,227
BOOTH AND HIS ACCOMPLICES,
ALL WEARING MASKS,
594
00:33:33,761 --> 00:33:35,380
RODE OUT
TOWARD THE SOLDIERS HOME,
595
00:33:35,380 --> 00:33:37,515
WHERE LINCOLN OFTEN SLEPT,
596
00:33:37,515 --> 00:33:39,684
HOPING TO INTERCEPT
HIS CARRIAGE.
597
00:33:39,684 --> 00:33:42,820
THE PRESIDENT NEVER CAME.
598
00:33:43,354 --> 00:33:45,523
"SO GOES THE WORLD,"
BOOTH WROTE.
599
00:33:45,523 --> 00:33:47,692
"MIGHT MAKES RIGHT."
600
00:33:49,761 --> 00:33:51,496
[STEAM WHISTLE]
601
00:33:51,996 --> 00:33:55,249
LATE IN MARCH, LINCOLN SAILED
DOWN TO CITY POINT, VIRGINIA,
602
00:33:55,249 --> 00:33:56,868
TO CONFER
WITH HIS GENERALS
603
00:33:56,868 --> 00:33:59,037
ABOARD GRANT'S
FLOATING HEADQUARTERS,
604
00:33:59,037 --> 00:34:00,671
THERIVER QUEEN.
605
00:34:01,205 --> 00:34:04,342
SHERMAN, WHO HAD INTERRUPTED
HIS MARCH THROUGH THE CAROLINAS,
606
00:34:04,342 --> 00:34:08,679
HAD MET LINCOLN
ONLY ONCE BEFORE, IN 1861,
607
00:34:08,679 --> 00:34:11,933
AND FOUND HIM THEN
A WEAK AND PARTISAN POLITICIAN
608
00:34:11,933 --> 00:34:14,635
UNEQUAL TO HIS TASK.
609
00:34:14,635 --> 00:34:17,355
THE TALKS LASTED TWO DAYS.
610
00:34:17,355 --> 00:34:19,941
GRANT, SHERMAN,
AND ADMIRAL PORTER
611
00:34:19,941 --> 00:34:23,194
DETAILED PLANS
FOR ONE LAST MAJOR CAMPAIGN.
612
00:34:23,194 --> 00:34:26,447
LINCOLN, SATISFIED THAT VICTORY
SEEMED WITHIN REACH,
613
00:34:26,447 --> 00:34:28,616
OUTLINED PLANS FOR PEACE.
614
00:34:29,150 --> 00:34:33,488
"IF THE REBELS WOULD
LAY DOWN THEIR GUNS AND GO HOME," LINCOLN SAID,
615
00:34:33,488 --> 00:34:35,123
"THEY SHOULD BE
WELCOMED BACK
616
00:34:35,123 --> 00:34:37,825
AS CITIZENS
OF THE UNITED STATES."
617
00:34:37,825 --> 00:34:41,629
"I NEVER SAW HIM AGAIN.
618
00:34:41,629 --> 00:34:42,713
"OF ALL THE MEN
I EVER MET,
619
00:34:43,247 --> 00:34:47,585
"HE SEEMED TO ME TO POSSESS MORE
OF THE ELEMENTS OF GREATNESS
620
00:34:47,585 --> 00:34:49,754
"COMBINED WITH GOODNESS
621
00:34:49,754 --> 00:34:51,923
THAN ANY OTHER."
622
00:34:51,923 --> 00:34:54,642
WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN.
623
00:34:57,345 --> 00:34:59,514
[CANNON FIRE]
624
00:35:08,739 --> 00:35:10,908
"MY OWN CORPS WAS STRETCHED
625
00:35:10,908 --> 00:35:13,077
"UNTIL THE MEN STOOD
LIKE A ROW OF VEDETTES
626
00:35:13,077 --> 00:35:14,695
"15 FEET APART.
627
00:35:14,695 --> 00:35:17,415
"IT WAS NOT A LINE,
628
00:35:17,415 --> 00:35:20,118
IT WAS THE MERE SKELETON
OF A LINE."
629
00:35:20,668 --> 00:35:22,286
GENERAL JOHN B. GORDON.
630
00:35:22,286 --> 00:35:25,957
ULYSSES S. GRANT
AND ROBERT E. LEE
631
00:35:25,957 --> 00:35:28,092
HAD FACED ONE ANOTHER
IN FRONT OF PETERSBURG
632
00:35:28,626 --> 00:35:30,111
FOR 9 MONTHS.
633
00:35:30,578 --> 00:35:32,130
SLOWLY, STEADILY,
634
00:35:32,130 --> 00:35:36,134
GRANT HAD EXTENDED HIS TRENCHES
AROUND PETERSBURG.
635
00:35:36,134 --> 00:35:38,219
LEE'S LINES HAD BEEN FORCED
TO STRETCH, TOO,
636
00:35:38,219 --> 00:35:40,805
BUT HIS ARMY WAS SHRINKING.
637
00:35:40,805 --> 00:35:41,806
IN 9 MONTHS,
638
00:35:41,806 --> 00:35:46,144
60,000 SOUTHERN SOLDIERS
HAD DESERTED.
639
00:35:46,144 --> 00:35:49,397
"ALL OF US THINK
WE'RE WHIPPED NOW.
640
00:35:49,397 --> 00:35:52,650
"THE MEN ARE RAGGED
AND ARE GETTING HALF RATIONS.
641
00:35:52,650 --> 00:35:53,734
"SOME SAY WE'LL HAVE TO
GO TO GEORGEY,
642
00:35:54,285 --> 00:35:57,538
BUT THE MEN
WILL NOT GO THERE."
643
00:35:58,072 --> 00:36:00,241
THE THINNING CONFEDERATE LINES
AROUND PETERSBURG
644
00:36:00,241 --> 00:36:03,494
FINALLY EXTENDED 53 MILES.
645
00:36:04,045 --> 00:36:07,298
GRANT'S FORCES
NUMBERED 125,000.
646
00:36:07,298 --> 00:36:10,001
LEE'S HAD DWINDLED
TO 35,000.
647
00:36:10,001 --> 00:36:13,221
[CANNON FIRE]
648
00:36:13,221 --> 00:36:16,474
LEE'S ONLY HOPE LAY IN
MOVING HIS ARMY TO THE SOUTHWEST
649
00:36:16,474 --> 00:36:19,177
TO LINK UP WITH JOHNSTON
IN THE HILLS OF NORTH CAROLINA
650
00:36:19,177 --> 00:36:21,896
AND FIGHT ON.
651
00:36:26,150 --> 00:36:27,685
[CANNON FIRE]
652
00:36:27,685 --> 00:36:29,854
ON MARCH 25,
653
00:36:29,854 --> 00:36:31,489
CONFEDERATES
UNDER JOHN B. GORDON
654
00:36:32,023 --> 00:36:34,192
MOUNTED A SUDDEN NIGHT ASSAULT
THAT BRIEFLY WON POSSESSION
655
00:36:34,192 --> 00:36:37,995
OF AN EARTHWORK
CALLED FORT STEDMAN.
656
00:36:37,995 --> 00:36:41,249
IT WAS LEE'S LAST ADVANCE.
657
00:36:41,249 --> 00:36:42,867
GRANT COUNTERATTACKED,
658
00:36:42,867 --> 00:36:43,417
RACING AROUND THE REBEL FLANK
659
00:36:44,502 --> 00:36:47,755
TO BLOCK LEE'S ESCAPE
AT FIVE FORKS.
660
00:36:47,755 --> 00:36:48,839
THERE, ON APRIL 1,
661
00:36:48,839 --> 00:36:53,177
HE ROUTED A CONFEDERATE DIVISION
UNDER GEORGE PICKETT.
662
00:36:53,177 --> 00:36:54,795
THE NEXT DAY,
663
00:36:55,346 --> 00:36:58,599
UNION FORCES ATTACKED
ALL ALONG THE PETERSBURG LINE.
664
00:36:58,599 --> 00:37:01,852
SLOWLY, RELENTLESSLY,
AND AT GREAT COST,
665
00:37:02,386 --> 00:37:05,106
THEY DROVE THE CONFEDERATES
OUT OF THEIR TRENCHES.
666
00:37:07,275 --> 00:37:08,893
AMONG THE SOUTHERN DEAD
LEFT BEHIND
667
00:37:08,893 --> 00:37:13,781
WERE SHOELESS BOYS
AS YOUNG AS 14.
668
00:37:18,653 --> 00:37:20,821
"THE CONDUCT
OF THE SOUTHERN PEOPLE
669
00:37:21,372 --> 00:37:25,042
"APPEARS MANY TIMES TRULY NOBLE,
AS EXEMPLIFIED, FOR INSTANCE,
670
00:37:25,042 --> 00:37:27,745
"IN THE DEFENSE
OF PETERSBURG.
671
00:37:27,745 --> 00:37:30,998
"OLD MEN WITH SILVER LOCKS
LAY DEAD IN THE TRENCHES
672
00:37:30,998 --> 00:37:36,420
"SIDE BY SIDE
WITH MERE BOYS OF 13 OR 14.
673
00:37:36,420 --> 00:37:39,674
"IT ALMOST MAKES ONE SORRY
TO HAVE TO FIGHT AGAINST PEOPLE
674
00:37:40,224 --> 00:37:44,011
WHO SHOW SUCH DEVOTION FOR
THEIR HOMES AND THEIR COUNTRY."
675
00:37:44,011 --> 00:37:47,265
WASHINGTON ROEBLING.
676
00:37:47,265 --> 00:37:51,068
A.P. HILL, WHO HAD SERVED LEE
FAITHFULLY IN A DOZEN BATTLES
677
00:37:51,602 --> 00:37:54,855
AND STAVED OFF CONFEDERATE
DISASTER AT ANTIETAM,
678
00:37:54,855 --> 00:37:56,907
TRIED TO RALLY HIS MEN.
679
00:37:56,907 --> 00:37:59,827
TWO UNION INFANTRYMEN
SHOT HIM DEAD
680
00:37:59,827 --> 00:38:03,080
AS HE RODE
BETWEEN THE LINES.
681
00:38:05,666 --> 00:38:07,835
"HE IS AT REST,
682
00:38:07,835 --> 00:38:11,622
AND WE WHO ARE LEFT
ARE THE ONES TO SUFFER."
683
00:38:13,791 --> 00:38:16,510
[YANKEE DOOD PLAYING]
684
00:38:20,298 --> 00:38:23,017
PETERSBURG, THE SCENE
OF 9 MONTHS' SIEGE,
685
00:38:30,608 --> 00:38:35,479
AS BLACK CIVILIANS
CHEERED THE BLACK SOLDIERS
686
00:38:35,479 --> 00:38:38,199
THAT LED THE UNION COLUMNS
INTO THE CITY,
687
00:38:38,199 --> 00:38:43,070
LEE'S ARMY SLIPPED
ACROSS THE APPOMATTOX RIVER.
688
00:38:43,070 --> 00:38:45,122
[BELL CHIMES]
689
00:38:45,122 --> 00:38:47,291
JEFFERSON DAVIS WAS ATTENDING
10:00 SERVICES
690
00:38:47,291 --> 00:38:48,376
THAT SUNDAY MORNING
691
00:38:48,909 --> 00:38:51,629
AT ST. PAUL'S
EPISCOPAL CHURCH
692
00:38:51,629 --> 00:38:55,416
WHEN THE SEXTON
HANDED HIM A MESSAGE.
693
00:38:55,416 --> 00:39:00,304
"PRESIDENT DAVIS, MY LINES
ARE BROKEN IN 3 PLACES.
694
00:39:00,304 --> 00:39:03,557
RICHMOND MUST BE EVACUATED
THIS EVENING."
695
00:39:04,091 --> 00:39:06,260
ROBERT E. LEE.
696
00:39:06,260 --> 00:39:10,064
"I HAPPENED TO SIT IN THE REAR
OF THE PRESIDENT'S PEW,
697
00:39:10,064 --> 00:39:13,851
"SO NEAR THAT I PLAINLY SAW
THE SORT OF GRAY PALLOR
698
00:39:14,402 --> 00:39:16,570
"THAT CAME UPON HIS FACE
699
00:39:16,570 --> 00:39:21,442
AS HE READ A SCRAP OF PAPER
THRUST INTO HIS HAND."
700
00:39:21,442 --> 00:39:23,077
DAVIS HURRIED FROM THE CHURCH
701
00:39:23,077 --> 00:39:25,780
AND ORDERED HIS GOVERNMENT
TO MOVE TO DANVILLE, VIRGINIA,
702
00:39:26,330 --> 00:39:29,033
140 MILES TO THE SOUTH.
703
00:39:29,033 --> 00:39:31,202
ON THE EVENING OF APRIL 2,
704
00:39:31,202 --> 00:39:34,455
DAVIS AND HIS CABINET
BOARDED THE LAST TRAIN,
705
00:39:34,455 --> 00:39:37,174
A SERIES OF FREIGHT CARS
LABELED "TREASURY DEPARTMENT,"
706
00:39:37,708 --> 00:39:42,046
"QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT,"
"WAR DEPARTMENT."
707
00:39:44,765 --> 00:39:48,552
"WE TRIED TO COMFORT OURSELVES
BY SAYING IN LOW TONES
708
00:39:48,552 --> 00:39:51,272
"THAT THE CAPITAL
WAS ONLY MOVED TEMPORARILY,
709
00:39:51,272 --> 00:39:53,441
"THAT GENERAL LEE
WOULD MAKE A STAND
710
00:39:53,441 --> 00:39:55,609
"AND REPULSE
THE DARING ENEMY,
711
00:39:55,609 --> 00:40:01,031
AND THAT WE WOULD YET WIN
THE BATTLE AND THE DAY."
712
00:40:01,031 --> 00:40:02,566
A SLAVE DEALER NAMED LUMPKIN
713
00:40:02,566 --> 00:40:06,370
FAILED TO GET HIS
50 CHAINED SLAVES ABOARD.
714
00:40:06,370 --> 00:40:11,242
HE HAD TO UNLOCK $50,000 WORTH
OF PROPERTY IN THE STREET
715
00:40:11,242 --> 00:40:13,961
AND LET THEM GO.
716
00:40:14,495 --> 00:40:18,299
THE RETREATING CONFEDERATES
SET FIRE TO MUCH OF RICHMOND.
717
00:40:18,299 --> 00:40:22,636
MOBS PLUNDERED STORES,
BROKE INTO ABANDONED HOUSES.
718
00:40:23,170 --> 00:40:27,391
THE FIRE ON LAND SPREAD
TO THE CONFEDERATE ARSENAL.
719
00:40:27,391 --> 00:40:34,432
THE EXPLOSION
ROCKED THE CITY
720
00:40:34,432 --> 00:40:36,600
AND SHATTERED WINDOWS
FOR MILES AROUND.
721
00:40:55,002 --> 00:40:57,705
"EVERYTHING WAS
IN THE WILDEST CONFUSION.
722
00:40:57,705 --> 00:40:59,874
"THE LOW CHARACTERS OF THE TOWN
HAD BROKEN INTO EVERYTHING
723
00:40:59,874 --> 00:41:01,509
"AND WERE LOOTING THE TOWN,
724
00:41:01,509 --> 00:41:03,544
"BEING AIDED
TO A CONSIDERABLE EXTENT
725
00:41:03,544 --> 00:41:05,179
"BY THE SOLDIERS
726
00:41:05,713 --> 00:41:08,432
WHO HAD BROKEN
THROUGH ALL DISCIPLINE."
727
00:41:16,474 --> 00:41:18,642
"I SAW A CONFEDERATE SOLDIER
ON HORSEBACK
728
00:41:18,642 --> 00:41:21,362
"PAUSE UNDER MY WINDOW.
729
00:41:21,896 --> 00:41:24,615
"HE WHEELED
AND FIRED BEHIND HIM,
730
00:41:24,615 --> 00:41:26,233
"RODE A SHORT DISTANCE,
731
00:41:26,233 --> 00:41:28,953
"WHEELED AND FIRED AGAIN.
732
00:41:28,953 --> 00:41:33,290
COMING UP THE STREET
RODE A BODY OF MEN IN BLUE."
733
00:41:33,290 --> 00:41:35,459
[BATTLE HYMN OF THE REPUBLIC
PLAYING]
734
00:41:39,797 --> 00:41:43,050
"ARRIVING AT THE CAPITAL,
I SPRANG FROM MY HORSE,
735
00:41:43,050 --> 00:41:46,303
"FIRST UNBUCKLING THE STARS
AND STRIPES FROM MY SADDLE,
736
00:41:46,303 --> 00:41:49,557
"AND WITH CAPTAIN LANGDON,
I RUSHED UP TO THE ROOF.
737
00:41:49,557 --> 00:41:53,344
"TOGETHER, WE HOISTED THE FIRST
LARGE FLAG OVER RICHMOND
738
00:41:53,344 --> 00:41:57,147
AND, ON THE PEAK OF THE ROOF,
DRANK TO ITS SUCCESS."
739
00:42:08,526 --> 00:42:12,329
MRS. ROBERT E. LEE, TOO CRIPPLED
BY ARTHRITIS TO TRAVEL,
740
00:42:12,329 --> 00:42:14,498
REMAINED IN RICHMOND.
741
00:42:14,498 --> 00:42:17,751
THE UNION COMMANDER
POSTED A GUARD BEFORE HER HOUSE,
742
00:42:17,751 --> 00:42:19,370
A BLACK CAVALRYMAN,
743
00:42:19,370 --> 00:42:22,089
TO ENSURE
NO HARM CAME TO HER.
744
00:42:24,124 --> 00:42:27,928
"APRIL 3, 1865.
745
00:42:27,928 --> 00:42:31,181
"THANK GOD
I HAVE LIVED TO SEE THIS.
746
00:42:31,181 --> 00:42:32,266
"IT SEEMS TO ME
747
00:42:32,800 --> 00:42:34,435
"THAT I HAVE BEEN DREAMING
A HORRID NIGHTMARE
748
00:42:34,969 --> 00:42:37,137
"FOR 4 YEARS,
749
00:42:37,137 --> 00:42:39,306
"AND NOW THE NIGHTMARE
IS GONE.
750
00:42:39,306 --> 00:42:43,110
I WANT TO SEE RICHMOND."
751
00:42:46,497 --> 00:42:49,633
ON APRIL 3,
ABRAHAM LINCOLN AND HIS SON TAD
752
00:42:49,633 --> 00:42:52,703
ARRIVED AT ROCKETT'S WHARF
ABOARD A SMALL BARGE
753
00:42:52,703 --> 00:42:54,989
AND WERE ESCORTED
THROUGH THE SMOKING CITY
754
00:42:54,989 --> 00:42:58,592
BY A UNIT OF BLACK CAVALRY.
755
00:42:58,592 --> 00:43:01,745
FREED SLAVES
MOBBED THE PRESIDENT,
756
00:43:02,296 --> 00:43:03,914
LAUGHING, SINGING,
WEEPING FOR JOY,
757
00:43:03,914 --> 00:43:05,549
KNEELING BEFORE HIM,
758
00:43:05,549 --> 00:43:08,252
STRAINING TO TOUCH
HIS CLOTHES.
759
00:43:08,252 --> 00:43:10,421
"I KNOW I AM FREE,"
SAID ONE MAN,
760
00:43:10,421 --> 00:43:14,758
"FOR I HAVE SEEN FATHER ABRAHAM
AND FELT HIM."
761
00:43:16,393 --> 00:43:19,563
THE PRESIDENT WALKED
ABOUT A MILE THROUGH THE CROWD
762
00:43:19,563 --> 00:43:22,816
AND LOPED UP THE STEPS
OF THE CONFEDERATE WHITE HOUSE,
763
00:43:22,816 --> 00:43:24,985
NOW UNION HEADQUARTERS.
764
00:43:24,985 --> 00:43:28,238
WHEN HE SAT DOWN
AT JEFFERSON DAVIS' DESK,
765
00:43:28,238 --> 00:43:32,026
THE TROOPS OUTSIDE
BURST INTO CHEERS.
766
00:43:35,245 --> 00:43:37,414
"RICHMOND HAS FALLEN,
767
00:43:37,948 --> 00:43:40,668
"AND I HAVE NO HEART
TO WRITE ABOUT IT.
768
00:43:40,668 --> 00:43:43,370
"THEY ARE TOO MANY FOR US.
769
00:43:43,370 --> 00:43:47,708
"EVERYTHING LOST IN RICHMOND,
EVEN OUR ARCHIVES.
770
00:43:47,708 --> 00:43:50,961
BLUE-BLACK
IS OUR HORIZON."
771
00:43:50,961 --> 00:43:53,130
MARY CHESNUT.
772
00:45:09,456 --> 00:45:11,625
"THERE IS A STILLNESS
IN THE MIDST OF WHICH
773
00:45:11,625 --> 00:45:13,794
"RICHMOND, WITH HER RUINS
AND HER UNCHANGING SPIRES,
774
00:45:13,794 --> 00:45:17,047
"RESTS BENEATH A GHASTLY,
FITFUL GLARE.
775
00:45:17,598 --> 00:45:19,767
"WE ARE UNDER THE SHADOW
OF RUINS.
776
00:45:19,767 --> 00:45:20,851
"FROM THE PAVEMENTS
WHERE WE WALK
777
00:45:20,851 --> 00:45:23,554
"STRETCHES A VISTA
OF DEVASTATION.
778
00:45:23,554 --> 00:45:26,807
"THE WRECK, THE LONELINESS
SEEM INTERMINABLE.
779
00:45:26,807 --> 00:45:28,442
"THERE IS NO SOUND OF LIFE
780
00:45:28,442 --> 00:45:31,695
"BUT THE STILLNESS
OF THE CATACOMB,
781
00:45:31,695 --> 00:45:35,482
"ONLY AS OUR FOOTSTEPS FALL DULL
ON THE DESERTED SIDEWALK
782
00:45:35,482 --> 00:45:37,117
"AND A FUNERAL TROOP
OF ECHOES
783
00:45:37,117 --> 00:45:41,989
"BUMP AGAINST THE DEAD WALLS
AND CLOSED SHUTTERS IN REPLY.
784
00:45:41,989 --> 00:45:45,242
"AND THIS IS RICHMOND,
785
00:45:45,242 --> 00:45:47,411
"SAYS A MELANCHOLY VOICE.
786
00:45:47,411 --> 00:45:50,130
AND THIS IS RICHMOND."
787
00:45:58,255 --> 00:45:59,339
ON APRIL 8,
788
00:45:59,339 --> 00:46:02,059
ABRAHAM AND MARY LINCOLN
TOOK A DRIVE TOGETHER
789
00:46:02,593 --> 00:46:06,396
PAST A COUNTRY CEMETERY
ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF PETERSBURG.
790
00:46:06,897 --> 00:46:11,118
"IT WAS A RETIRED PLACE
SHADED BY TREES,
791
00:46:11,652 --> 00:46:15,439
"AND EARLY SPRING FLOWERS WERE
OPENING ON NEARLY EVERY GRAVE.
792
00:46:15,439 --> 00:46:17,608
"IT WAS SO QUIET
AND ATTRACTIVE
793
00:46:17,608 --> 00:46:21,411
"THAT WE STOPPED THE CARRIAGE
AND WALKED THROUGH IT.
794
00:46:21,411 --> 00:46:24,665
"MR. LINCOLN SEEMED
THOUGHTFUL AND IMPRESSED.
795
00:46:24,665 --> 00:46:26,283
"HE SAID,
796
00:46:26,283 --> 00:46:30,621
"MARY, YOU ARE YOUNGER THAN I.
YOU WILL SURVIVE ME.
797
00:46:30,621 --> 00:46:32,256
"WHEN I'M GONE,
798
00:46:32,256 --> 00:46:36,593
LAY MY REMAINS IN SOME
QUIET PLACE LIKE THIS."
799
00:46:42,015 --> 00:46:44,184
"GENERAL LEE
WAS RIDING SLOWLY
800
00:46:44,184 --> 00:46:47,437
"ALONG THE LINE
OF TANGLED WAGONS.
801
00:46:47,437 --> 00:46:52,309
HE RODE ERECT,
AS IF INCAPABLE OF FATIGUE."
802
00:46:55,562 --> 00:46:58,816
LEE'S ARMY FLED WESTWARD.
803
00:46:58,816 --> 00:47:01,535
GRANT WAS RIGHT BEHIND THEM.
804
00:47:03,704 --> 00:47:05,322
"ON AND ON,
HOUR AFTER HOUR,
805
00:47:05,322 --> 00:47:07,491
"FROM HILLTOP TO HILLTOP,
806
00:47:07,491 --> 00:47:09,660
"THE LINES WERE ALTERNATELY
FORMING, FIGHTING,
807
00:47:09,660 --> 00:47:10,744
"AND RETREATING,
808
00:47:10,744 --> 00:47:13,463
"MAKING ONE
ALMOST CONTINUOUS BATTLE.
809
00:47:13,463 --> 00:47:16,717
"A BOY SOLDIER CAME RUNNING BY
AT THE TOP OF HIS SPEED.
810
00:47:16,717 --> 00:47:19,419
"WHEN ASKED WHY HE WAS RUNNING,
HE SHOUTED BACK,
811
00:47:19,419 --> 00:47:23,757
I'M RUNNING
BECAUSE I CAN'T FLY."
812
00:47:24,308 --> 00:47:25,893
FROM DANVILLE
ON APRIL 4,
813
00:47:25,893 --> 00:47:28,061
JEFFERSON DAVIS
ISSUED A PROCLAMATION
814
00:47:28,061 --> 00:47:30,764
PLEDGING TO FIGHT ON.
815
00:47:30,764 --> 00:47:35,652
"RELIEVED FROM THE NECESSITY
OF GUARDING CITIES,
816
00:47:35,652 --> 00:47:39,439
"WITH OUR ARMY FREE TO MOVE
FROM POINT TO POINT,
817
00:47:39,439 --> 00:47:42,693
"NOTHING IS NOW NEEDED
TO RENDER OUR TRIUMPH CERTAIN
818
00:47:42,693 --> 00:47:46,496
"BUT OUR OWN
UNQUENCHABLE RESOLVE.
819
00:47:47,030 --> 00:47:52,920
NO PEACE WILL EVER BE MADE
WITH THE INFAMOUS INVADERS."
820
00:47:53,453 --> 00:47:55,622
ON APRIL 6
AT SAYLERS CREEK,
821
00:47:55,622 --> 00:47:56,707
UNION CAVALRY AND INFANTRY
822
00:47:56,707 --> 00:48:00,510
INFLICTED 6,000 CASUALTIES
ON LEE'S ARMY
823
00:48:00,510 --> 00:48:02,129
AND CAPTURED 8 GENERALS,
824
00:48:02,129 --> 00:48:05,382
INCLUDING LEE'S OWN SON
CUSTIS.
825
00:48:05,382 --> 00:48:09,186
HE NOW HAD FEWER
THAN 25,000 MEN.
826
00:48:09,186 --> 00:48:11,889
125,000 FEDERAL TROOPS
827
00:48:11,889 --> 00:48:16,226
WERE NOW CLOSING IN ON LEE
FROM 3 SIDES.
828
00:48:17,311 --> 00:48:20,564
UNION GENERAL PHIL SHERIDAN
WIRED GRANT,
829
00:48:20,564 --> 00:48:22,199
"IF THE THING IS PRESSED,
830
00:48:22,199 --> 00:48:24,368
I THINK
THAT LEE WILL SURRENDER."
831
00:48:24,368 --> 00:48:29,156
"LET THE THING BE PRESSED,"
LINCOLN ANSWERED.
832
00:48:29,156 --> 00:48:31,875
AN OFFICER URGED LEE
TO SURRENDER.
833
00:48:31,875 --> 00:48:36,213
THE GENERAL ASKED WHAT
THE COUNTRY WOULD THINK OF HIM IF HE FAILED TO FIGHT ON.
834
00:48:36,213 --> 00:48:38,749
"THE COUNTRY BE DAMNED,"
SAID THE OFFICER,
835
00:48:38,749 --> 00:48:39,833
"THERE IS NO COUNTRY.
836
00:48:39,833 --> 00:48:43,086
"THERE HAS BEEN NO COUNTRY
FOR A YEAR OR MORE.
837
00:48:43,086 --> 00:48:46,890
YOUTHE COUNTRY
TO THESE MEN."
838
00:48:46,890 --> 00:48:49,593
"THE FEW MEN WHO STILL
CARRIED THEIR MUSKETS
839
00:48:49,593 --> 00:48:52,312
"HAD HARDLY THE APPEARANCE
OF SOLDIERS,
840
00:48:52,312 --> 00:48:55,015
"THEIR CLOTHES ALL TATTERED
AND COVERED WITH MUD,
841
00:48:55,015 --> 00:48:57,734
"THEIR EYES SUNKEN
AND LUSTERLESS,
842
00:48:57,734 --> 00:49:00,437
"YET STILL THEY WERE WAITING
FOR GENERAL LEE TO SAY
843
00:49:00,437 --> 00:49:03,156
WHERE THEY WERE
TO FACE ABOUT AND FIGHT."
844
00:49:03,156 --> 00:49:06,944
MAGNUS THOMPSON,
35th VIRGINIA CAVALRY BATTALION.
845
00:49:09,663 --> 00:49:11,832
LEE'S CONFEDERATE ARMY
WAS MOVING
846
00:49:11,832 --> 00:49:14,534
ALONG ONE SIDE
OF THE APPOMATTOX RIVER,
847
00:49:14,534 --> 00:49:18,872
A WILLOW-FRINGED RUN
THAT ANY COUNTRY BOY COULD JUMP.
848
00:49:18,872 --> 00:49:22,676
HIS PURSUERS CLUNG
TO THE OPPOSITE BANK.
849
00:49:33,503 --> 00:49:36,223
"5 P.M., APRIL 7, 1865.
850
00:49:36,223 --> 00:49:37,841
"GENERAL LEE,
851
00:49:38,392 --> 00:49:40,010
"THE RESULT OF LAST WEEK
MUST CONVINCE YOU
852
00:49:40,560 --> 00:49:43,814
"OF THE HOPELESSNESS
OF FURTHER RESISTANCE.
853
00:49:43,814 --> 00:49:46,516
"I REGARD IT AS MY DUTY
TO SHIFT FROM MYSELF
854
00:49:46,516 --> 00:49:50,320
"THE RESPONSIBILITY
OF ANY FURTHER EFFUSION OF BLOOD
855
00:49:50,320 --> 00:49:52,823
"BY ASKING OF YOU
THE SURRENDER
856
00:49:52,823 --> 00:49:56,076
"OF THAT PORTION
OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES ARMY
857
00:49:56,076 --> 00:49:59,329
KNOWN AS THE ARMY
OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA."
858
00:49:59,329 --> 00:50:02,032
ULYSSES S. GRANT.
859
00:50:04,201 --> 00:50:05,836
ON APRIL 8,
860
00:50:05,836 --> 00:50:07,454
GRANT AGAIN
FLANKED LEE'S ARMY
861
00:50:07,454 --> 00:50:10,707
AND CAPTURED TWO TRAINLOADS
OF SUPPLIES.
862
00:50:10,707 --> 00:50:15,595
THE CONFEDERATES WERE LIVING
ON HANDFULS OF PARCHED CORN.
863
00:50:15,595 --> 00:50:17,214
THAT NIGHT,
864
00:50:17,214 --> 00:50:21,018
LEE AND HIS WEARY LIEUTENANTS
GATHERED AROUND A CAMPFIRE
865
00:50:21,018 --> 00:50:24,805
NEAR THE LITTLE VILLAGE
OF APPOMATTOX COURTHOUSE.
866
00:50:24,805 --> 00:50:26,973
"WE MET IN THE WOODS
AT HIS HEADQUARTERS
867
00:50:26,973 --> 00:50:29,693
"BY A LOW-BURNING
BIVOUAC FIRE.
868
00:50:29,693 --> 00:50:33,480
"THERE WAS NO TENT, NO TABLE,
NO CHAIRS, NO CAMP STOOLS.
869
00:50:33,480 --> 00:50:35,649
"ON BLANKETS SPREAD
UPON THE GROUND
870
00:50:35,649 --> 00:50:37,818
M"OR ON SADDLES
AT THE ROOTS OF TREES
871
00:50:37,818 --> 00:50:40,487
WE SAT AROUND
THE GREAT COMMANDER."
872
00:50:40,487 --> 00:50:43,206
GENERAL JOHN B. GORDON.
873
00:50:43,206 --> 00:50:45,909
THEY WERE ALMOST
ENTIRELY SURROUNDED,
874
00:50:45,909 --> 00:50:48,628
OUTNUMBERED NEARLY 5 TO 1,
875
00:50:48,628 --> 00:50:52,416
WITHOUT HOPE
OF RESUPPLY OR REINFORCEMENT.
876
00:50:55,135 --> 00:50:57,838
"BY SUNRISE, WE HAD REACHED
APPOMATTOX STATION,
877
00:50:57,838 --> 00:51:01,091
"WHERE WE MIGHT
CUT LEE'S RETREAT.
878
00:51:01,091 --> 00:51:04,227
"ALREADY WE HEARD THE SHARP RING
OF THE HORSE ARTILLERY.
879
00:51:04,227 --> 00:51:06,346
"THERE WAS NO MISTAKE.
880
00:51:06,346 --> 00:51:08,515
"SHERIDAN WAS SQUARE
ACROSS THE ENEMY'S FRONT,
881
00:51:08,515 --> 00:51:11,234
"HOLDING AT BAY
ALL THAT WAS LEFT
882
00:51:11,234 --> 00:51:14,488
"OF THE PROUDEST ARMY
OF THE CONFEDERACY.
883
00:51:14,488 --> 00:51:19,359
IT HAD COME AT LAST--
THE SUPREME HOUR."
884
00:51:20,994 --> 00:51:23,697
APRIL 9 WAS PALM SUNDAY.
885
00:51:23,697 --> 00:51:27,501
LEE ORDERED GORDON TO MAKE ONE
MORE ATTEMPT AT BREAKING OUT.
886
00:51:27,501 --> 00:51:31,171
AT DAWN, JUST OUTSIDE
APPOMATTOX COURTHOUSE,
887
00:51:31,171 --> 00:51:34,424
GORDON'S MEN DROVE FEDERAL
CAVALRY FROM THEIR POSITIONS
888
00:51:34,424 --> 00:51:37,677
AND SWEPT FORWARD
TO THE CREST OF A HILL.
889
00:51:38,211 --> 00:51:39,679
BELOW THEM,
890
00:51:39,679 --> 00:51:42,382
A SOLID WALL OF BLUE
WAS ADVANCING--
891
00:51:42,933 --> 00:51:46,186
THE ENTIRE UNION ARMY
OF THE JAMES.
892
00:51:47,804 --> 00:51:49,973
"THERE IS NOTHING
LEFT FOR ME TO DO
893
00:51:49,973 --> 00:51:53,226
"BUT TO GO
AND SEE GENERAL GRANT,
894
00:51:53,226 --> 00:51:57,030
AND I WOULD RATHER DIE
A THOUSAND DEATHS."
895
00:51:59,199 --> 00:51:59,733
SHORTLY BEFORE NOON,
896
00:51:59,733 --> 00:52:02,452
LEE DISPATCHED A LETTER
UNDER A WHITE FLAG
897
00:52:02,452 --> 00:52:05,155
INTO THE UNION LINES.
898
00:52:05,155 --> 00:52:07,324
GRANT WAS RESTING
IN A FIELD,
899
00:52:07,324 --> 00:52:09,493
NURSING A BLINDING HEADACHE.
900
00:52:09,493 --> 00:52:11,661
SUDDENLY, A HORSEMAN
GALLOPED UP AT FULL SPEED,
901
00:52:11,661 --> 00:52:13,296
A REPORTER NOTED,
902
00:52:13,296 --> 00:52:17,083
"WAVING HIS HAT ABOVE HIS HEAD
AND SHOUTING AT EVERY JUMP."
903
00:52:17,634 --> 00:52:19,252
GRANT OPENED THE ENVELOPE,
LOOKED AT IT,
904
00:52:19,803 --> 00:52:21,421
THEN ASKED HIS FRIEND
GENERAL JOHN RAWLINS
905
00:52:21,972 --> 00:52:24,141
TO READ IT ALOUD--
906
00:52:24,141 --> 00:52:26,309
LEE WOULD SURRENDER.
907
00:52:26,309 --> 00:52:28,478
GRANT HIMSELF SAID NOTHING,
908
00:52:28,478 --> 00:52:30,647
BETRAYED NO MORE EMOTION,
A WITNESS SAID,
909
00:52:30,647 --> 00:52:33,350
THAN "LAST YEAR'S
BIRD NEST,"
910
00:52:33,350 --> 00:52:37,154
BUT HIS HEADACHE
HAD INSTANTLY DISAPPEARED.
911
00:52:37,154 --> 00:52:40,407
"NO ONE LOOKED HIS COMRADE
IN THE FACE.
912
00:52:40,407 --> 00:52:43,109
"FINALLY COLONEL DUFF,
CHIEF OF ARTILLERY,
913
00:52:43,109 --> 00:52:46,913
"SPRANG UPON A LOG
AND PROPOSED 3 CHEERS.
914
00:52:46,913 --> 00:52:50,083
"A FEEBLE HURRAH CAME
FROM A FEW THROATS,
915
00:52:50,083 --> 00:52:53,870
WHEN ALL BROKE DOWN
IN TEARS."
916
00:52:54,955 --> 00:52:57,123
LEE DISPATCHED
COLONEL CHARLES MARSHALL
917
00:52:57,674 --> 00:52:58,758
TO APPOMATTOX COURTHOUSE
918
00:52:58,758 --> 00:53:00,377
TO FIND A SUITABLE BUILDING
919
00:53:00,377 --> 00:53:02,546
IN WHICH HE AND GRANT
MIGHT MEET.
920
00:53:02,546 --> 00:53:04,714
THE STREETS
WERE ALMOST DESERTED.
921
00:53:05,265 --> 00:53:08,518
MARSHALL STOPPED THE FIRST
CIVILIAN HE HAPPENED TO SEE,
922
00:53:08,518 --> 00:53:11,221
WILMER McLEAN,
WHO RELUCTANTLY AGREED
923
00:53:11,221 --> 00:53:15,559
TO LOAN THE ARMIES HIS HOUSE
FOR THE OCCASION.
924
00:53:15,559 --> 00:53:17,611
"BY A SINGULAR COINCIDENCE,
925
00:53:17,611 --> 00:53:19,229
"THE MEETING
OF GENERALS LEE AND GRANT
926
00:53:19,779 --> 00:53:23,033
"TOOK PLACE IN THE HOUSE
OF WILMER McLEAN,
927
00:53:23,033 --> 00:53:25,735
"THE SAME GENTLEMAN
WHO, IN 1861,
928
00:53:25,735 --> 00:53:27,370
"AT THE BATTLE OF BULL RUN,
929
00:53:27,370 --> 00:53:29,539
"HAD TENDERED HIS HOUSE
TO GENERAL BEAUREGARD
930
00:53:29,539 --> 00:53:31,157
"FOR HEADQUARTERS.
931
00:53:31,157 --> 00:53:33,710
"HE REMOVED FROM MANASSAS
AFTER THE BATTLE
932
00:53:33,710 --> 00:53:35,879
"WITH THE INTENTION
OF SEEKING SOME QUIET NOOK
933
00:53:35,879 --> 00:53:39,666
WHERE THE ALARMS OF WAR
COULD NEVER FIND HIM."
934
00:53:43,436 --> 00:53:46,673
"1:00 CAME.
935
00:53:46,673 --> 00:53:48,308
"I TURNED ABOUT.
936
00:53:48,842 --> 00:53:51,011
"THERE BEHIND ME APPEARED
A COMMANDING FORM,
937
00:53:51,011 --> 00:53:54,264
"SUPERBLY MOUNTED,
RICHLY ACCOUTERED,
938
00:53:54,264 --> 00:53:57,517
"OF IMPOSING BEARING,
NOBLE COUNTENANCE,
939
00:53:58,068 --> 00:54:00,770
"WITH EXPRESSION
OF DEEP SADNESS
940
00:54:00,770 --> 00:54:04,024
"OVER-MASTERED
BY DEEPER STRENGTH.
941
00:54:04,024 --> 00:54:08,311
"IT WAS NO OTHER
THAN ROBERT E. LEE.
942
00:54:08,311 --> 00:54:10,330
"NOT LONG AFTER
APPEARED ANOTHER FORM--
943
00:54:10,330 --> 00:54:13,583
"PLAIN, UNASSUMING, SIMPLE,
AND FAMILIAR TO OUR EYES,
944
00:54:13,583 --> 00:54:17,921
"BUT AS AWE-INSPIRING AS LEE
IN HIS SPLENDOR AND SADNESS.
945
00:54:17,921 --> 00:54:19,539
"IT WAS GRANT,
946
00:54:19,539 --> 00:54:22,676
"SITTING HIS SADDLE
WITH THE EASE OF A BORN MASTER,
947
00:54:22,676 --> 00:54:24,294
"TAKING NO NOTICE OF ANYTHING,
948
00:54:24,844 --> 00:54:28,098
"ALL HIS FACULTIES GATHERED
INTO INTENSE THOUGHT.
949
00:54:28,098 --> 00:54:31,351
"HE SEEMED GREATER
THAN I HAD EVER SEEN HIM,
950
00:54:31,885 --> 00:54:35,138
A LOOK AS OF ANOTHER WORLD
ABOUT HIM."
951
00:54:35,138 --> 00:54:38,391
LEE ARRIVED
AT THE McLEAN HOUSE FIRST,
952
00:54:38,391 --> 00:54:41,111
MAGNIFICENT
IN A CRISP GRAY UNIFORM,
953
00:54:41,111 --> 00:54:43,813
AN ENGRAVED SWORD
AT HIS SIDE.
954
00:54:43,813 --> 00:54:47,067
"I HAVE PROBABLY TO BE
GENERAL GRANT'S PRISONER,"
955
00:54:47,067 --> 00:54:48,702
HE EXPLAINED TO AN AIDE,
956
00:54:48,702 --> 00:54:51,955
"AND THOUGHT I MUST MAKE
MY BEST APPEARANCE."
957
00:54:51,955 --> 00:54:55,742
HE WAITED HALF AN HOUR
FOR GRANT TO ARRIVE.
958
00:54:56,293 --> 00:54:58,995
THE UNION COMMANDER WORE
A PRIVATE'S DIRTY JACKET.
959
00:54:58,995 --> 00:55:01,715
HIS BOOTS AND TROUSERS
WERE SPLATTERED WITH MUD.
960
00:55:01,715 --> 00:55:04,417
HE HAD NO SWORD.
961
00:55:04,417 --> 00:55:07,671
THE TWO COMMANDERS
SHOOK HANDS.
962
00:55:07,671 --> 00:55:11,474
"WHAT GENERAL LEE'S FEELINGS
WERE, I DO NOT KNOW.
963
00:55:11,474 --> 00:55:13,643
"AS HE WAS A MAN
OF MUCH DIGNITY
964
00:55:13,643 --> 00:55:14,728
"WITH AN IMPASSIBLE FACE,
965
00:55:14,728 --> 00:55:16,896
"HIS FEELINGS
WERE ENTIRELY CONCEALED
966
00:55:16,896 --> 00:55:19,065
"FROM MY OBSERVATION,
967
00:55:19,065 --> 00:55:22,319
"BUT MY OWN FEELINGS
WERE SAD AND DEPRESSED.
968
00:55:22,319 --> 00:55:25,021
"I FELT LIKE ANYTHING
RATHER THAN REJOICING
969
00:55:25,572 --> 00:55:26,656
"AT THE DOWNFALL OF A FOE
970
00:55:26,656 --> 00:55:29,359
"WHO HAD FOUGHT
SO LONG AND VALIANTLY
971
00:55:29,909 --> 00:55:32,612
"AND HAD SUFFERED SO MUCH
FOR A CAUSE,
972
00:55:32,612 --> 00:55:34,781
"THOUGH THAT CAUSE WAS,
I BELIEVE,
973
00:55:34,781 --> 00:55:38,585
ONE OF THE WORST FOR WHICH
PEOPLE EVER FOUGHT."
974
00:55:43,456 --> 00:55:46,176
GRANT REMINDED LEE THAT
THEY HAD MET ONCE BEFORE
975
00:55:46,176 --> 00:55:47,794
DURING THE MEXICAN WAR.
976
00:55:47,794 --> 00:55:52,132
LEE SAID HE HAD NOT REMEMBERED
WHAT GRANT LOOKED LIKE.
977
00:55:52,132 --> 00:55:53,767
"OUR CONVERSATION
GREW SO PLEASANT
978
00:55:53,767 --> 00:55:57,020
"THAT I ALMOST FORGOT
THE OBJECT OF THE MEETING.
979
00:55:57,020 --> 00:56:01,358
GENERAL LEE CALLED MY ATTENTION
TO THE OBJECT."
980
00:56:01,358 --> 00:56:05,145
THEY KNEW EACH OTHER.
981
00:56:05,145 --> 00:56:08,948
GRANT REMEMBERED LEE
VERY WELL.
982
00:56:08,948 --> 00:56:11,651
LEE DIDN'T QUITE
REMEMBER GRANT.
983
00:56:11,651 --> 00:56:13,286
THAT WAS UNDERSTANDABLE
984
00:56:13,820 --> 00:56:15,422
FROM THE TIME
THAT THEY WERE ACQUAINTED
985
00:56:15,422 --> 00:56:17,574
BACK IN THE EARLY DAYS,
986
00:56:17,574 --> 00:56:19,743
BUT I THINK
IT WAS THE SENSITIVITY
987
00:56:19,743 --> 00:56:23,546
THAT THE TWO MEN
HAD FOR EACH OTHER
988
00:56:23,546 --> 00:56:26,800
AND FOR THE MOMENT,
989
00:56:27,333 --> 00:56:32,756
ENORMOUS DIGNITY AND YET
THE NECESSARY INFORMALITY--
990
00:56:32,756 --> 00:56:38,728
GRANT NOT WANTING TO GET
TO THE POINT TOO QUICKLY,
991
00:56:38,728 --> 00:56:41,431
LEE BRINGING HIM UP SHORTLY
992
00:56:41,431 --> 00:56:44,684
TO THE POINT
OF WHY THEY'RE TOGETHER;
993
00:56:44,684 --> 00:56:50,657
LEE DRESSED
IN HIS LAST GOOD UNIFORM,
994
00:56:51,191 --> 00:56:54,444
GRANT APOLOGIZING THAT
HE WAS RUSHING FROM THE FIELD
995
00:56:54,994 --> 00:56:58,782
AND DIDN'T HAVE TIME TO CHANGE;
996
00:56:58,782 --> 00:57:03,670
THE SCRIBE BEING UNABLE
TO HOLD THE PEN STEADY
997
00:57:03,670 --> 00:57:06,923
AND HAVING IT TAKEN
BY ANOTHER SOLDIER;
998
00:57:06,923 --> 00:57:09,626
THE, UH...
999
00:57:09,626 --> 00:57:13,963
THAT, FROM LEE'S POINT OF VIEW,
AWFUL MOMENT,
1000
00:57:13,963 --> 00:57:16,132
AND FROM GRANT'S POINT
OF VIEW, GLORIOUS MOMENT,
1001
00:57:16,132 --> 00:57:23,189
AND YET FOR THE TWO OF THEM,
A SAD AND QUIET MOMENT;
1002
00:57:23,189 --> 00:57:25,358
AND LEE TAKING HIS LEAVE
1003
00:57:25,358 --> 00:57:29,696
AND DOFFING HIS HAT
FROM TRAVELLER
1004
00:57:29,696 --> 00:57:35,118
AND RIDING BACK TO HIS TROOPS
1005
00:57:35,118 --> 00:57:39,989
AFTER SECURING
THOSE REASONABLE TERMS.
1006
00:57:39,989 --> 00:57:41,624
IT WAS THE BEGINNING
1007
00:57:41,624 --> 00:57:44,327
OF THE UNIFICATION
OF THE COUNTRY.
1008
00:57:44,878 --> 00:57:48,581
THE TERMS GRANT OFFERED
WERE SIMPLE AND GENEROUS.
1009
00:57:48,581 --> 00:57:50,216
CONFEDERATE OFFICERS
1010
00:57:50,216 --> 00:57:53,470
COULD KEEP THEIR SIDE-ARMS
AND PERSONAL POSSESSIONS.
1011
00:57:53,470 --> 00:57:55,638
OFFICERS AND MEN
WHO OWNED THEIR OWN HORSES
1012
00:57:56,172 --> 00:57:57,807
COULD KEEP THEM, TOO.
1013
00:57:57,807 --> 00:58:00,510
IT WAS PLANTING SEASON.
1014
00:58:00,510 --> 00:58:02,679
GRANT ASKED LEE
HOW MANY MEN HE HAD
1015
00:58:03,229 --> 00:58:05,398
AND IF THEY NEEDED
ANY RATIONS.
1016
00:58:05,932 --> 00:58:08,768
LEE SAID HE NO LONGER KNEW
THE SIZE OF HIS ARMY,
1017
00:58:08,768 --> 00:58:11,471
BUT HE WAS SURE
ALL HIS MEN WERE HUNGRY.
1018
00:58:11,471 --> 00:58:14,724
GRANT OFFERED
25,000 RATIONS.
1019
00:58:14,724 --> 00:58:17,944
"THIS WILL HAVE
THE BEST EFFECT UPON MY MEN.
1020
00:58:18,495 --> 00:58:19,579
"IT WILL BE
VERY GRATIFYING
1021
00:58:19,579 --> 00:58:23,366
AND DO MUCH TOWARD
CONCILIATING OUR PEOPLE."
1022
00:58:23,366 --> 00:58:25,535
COLONEL ELI S. PARKER,
1023
00:58:25,535 --> 00:58:28,254
A SENECA INDIAN
AND A MEMBER OF GRANT'S STAFF,
1024
00:58:28,254 --> 00:58:30,423
INSCRIBED THE ARTICLES
OF SURRENDER
1025
00:58:30,423 --> 00:58:33,126
FOR THE TWO COMMANDERS
TO SIGN.
1026
00:58:33,126 --> 00:58:36,796
THE TWO MEN
SHOOK HANDS AGAIN.
1027
00:58:36,796 --> 00:58:40,049
LEE LEFT THE HOUSE,
MOUNTED TRAVELLER,
1028
00:58:40,049 --> 00:58:43,303
AND STARTED
BACK TOWARD HIS ARMY.
1029
00:58:43,303 --> 00:58:47,106
THE UNION SOLDIERS
BEGAN TO CHEER.
1030
00:58:47,106 --> 00:58:49,275
GRANT ORDERED THEM TO STOP.
1031
00:58:49,275 --> 00:58:50,894
"THE CONFEDERATES
ARE NOW OUR PRISONERS,"
1032
00:58:50,894 --> 00:58:51,978
HE EXPLAINED,
1033
00:58:52,529 --> 00:58:55,782
"AND WE DO NOT WANT TO EXULT
OVER THEIR DOWNFALL.
1034
00:58:55,782 --> 00:58:57,951
"THE WAR IS OVER.
1035
00:58:57,951 --> 00:59:01,204
THE REBELS ARE
OUR COUNTRYMEN AGAIN."
1036
00:59:03,907 --> 00:59:08,244
LEE'S MEN LINED THE ROAD
TO HIS CAMP.
1037
00:59:08,244 --> 00:59:09,329
"AS HE APPROACHED,
1038
00:59:09,329 --> 00:59:10,413
"WE COULD SEE
THE REINS HANGING LOOSE,
1039
00:59:10,964 --> 00:59:14,217
"AND HIS HEAD WAS SUNK
LOW ON HIS BREAST.
1040
00:59:14,217 --> 00:59:15,301
"AS THE MEN
BEGAN TO CHEER,
1041
00:59:15,301 --> 00:59:18,004
"HE RAISED HIS HEAD,
AND, HAT IN HAND, HE PASSED BY,
1042
00:59:18,004 --> 00:59:22,342
HIS FACE FLUSHED,
HIS EYES ABLAZE."
1043
00:59:22,342 --> 00:59:25,061
"AS HE PASSED,
THEY RAISED THEIR HEADS
1044
00:59:25,061 --> 00:59:27,764
"AND LOOKED UPON HIM
WITH SWIMMING EYES.
1045
00:59:27,764 --> 00:59:32,101
"THOSE WHO COULD FIND VOICE
SAID GOOD-BYE.
1046
00:59:32,101 --> 00:59:33,736
"THOSE WHO
COULD NOT SPEAK
1047
00:59:33,736 --> 00:59:38,074
PASSED THEIR HANDS GENTLY
OVER THE SIDES OF TRAVELLER."
1048
00:59:39,576 --> 00:59:42,278
"IF ONE ARMY DRANK
THE JOY OF VICTORY
1049
00:59:42,829 --> 00:59:45,531
"AND THE OTHER
THE BITTER DRAUGHT OF DEFEAT,
1050
00:59:45,531 --> 00:59:49,335
"IT WAS A JOY MODERATED
BY THE RECOLLECTION OF THE COST
1051
00:59:49,335 --> 00:59:51,504
"AT WHICH
IT HAD BEEN PURCHASED
1052
00:59:51,504 --> 00:59:53,122
"AND A DEFEAT MOLLIFIED
1053
00:59:53,122 --> 00:59:55,842
"BY THE CONSCIOUSNESS
OF MANY TRIUMPHS.
1054
00:59:56,376 --> 00:59:59,629
"IF THE VICTORS COULD RECALL
A MALVERN HILL, AN ANTIETAM,
1055
00:59:59,629 --> 01:00:01,798
"A GETTYSBURG, A FIVE FORKS,
1056
01:00:01,798 --> 01:00:05,602
"THE VANQUISHED COULD RECALL
A MANASSAS, A FREDERICKSBURG,
1057
01:00:06,135 --> 01:00:09,939
A CHANCELLORSVILLE,
A COLD HARBOR."
1058
01:00:12,558 --> 01:00:15,812
A CROWD OF SOLDIERS
WAITED IN FRONT OF LEE'S TENT.
1059
01:00:16,362 --> 01:00:18,531
"BOYS," HE TOLD THEM,
1060
01:00:18,531 --> 01:00:21,234
"I HAVE DONE
THE BEST I COULD FOR YOU.
1061
01:00:21,234 --> 01:00:22,869
"GO HOME NOW,
1062
01:00:22,869 --> 01:00:26,656
"AND IF YOU MAKE AS GOOD
CITIZENS AS YOU HAVE SOLDIERS,
1063
01:00:26,656 --> 01:00:28,291
"YOU WILL DO WELL,
1064
01:00:28,291 --> 01:00:30,994
"AND I SHALL
ALWAYS BE PROUD OF YOU.
1065
01:00:30,994 --> 01:00:35,331
GOOD-BYE,
AND GOD BLESS YOU ALL."
1066
01:00:35,331 --> 01:00:39,052
HE TURNED AND DISAPPEARED
INTO HIS TENT.
1067
01:00:48,811 --> 01:00:52,065
THE FORMAL SURRENDER
CAME 3 DAYS LATER.
1068
01:00:53,683 --> 01:00:55,318
GENERAL JOHN B. GORDON,
1069
01:00:55,318 --> 01:00:57,487
SHOT THROUGH THE FACE
AND WOUNDED 4 MORE TIMES
1070
01:00:57,487 --> 01:01:00,189
IN THE SERVICE
OF THE CONFEDERACY,
1071
01:01:00,189 --> 01:01:03,910
LED 20,000 MEN
TOWARD THE UNION LINES FOR THE LAST TIME--
1072
01:01:03,910 --> 01:01:06,612
NOT TO FIGHT,
BUT TO STACK THEIR ARMS
1073
01:01:06,612 --> 01:01:09,332
AND SURRENDER
THEIR BATTLE FLAGS.
1074
01:01:09,866 --> 01:01:11,501
THERE TO RECEIVE THEM
1075
01:01:11,501 --> 01:01:14,754
WAS MAJOR GENERAL
JOSHUA LAWRENCE CHAMBERLAIN,
1076
01:01:14,754 --> 01:01:18,007
HIMSELF WOUNDED SIX TIMES
FOR THE UNION.
1077
01:01:18,007 --> 01:01:20,710
PROMOTED ON THE FIELD
AT PETERSBURG NEAR DEATH,
1078
01:01:20,710 --> 01:01:24,514
HE HAD SOMEHOW SURVIVED.
1079
01:01:24,514 --> 01:01:26,132
"ON THEY COME
1080
01:01:26,132 --> 01:01:29,936
"WITH THE OLD SWINGING ROUTE
STEP AND SWAYING BATTLE FLAGS.
1081
01:01:29,936 --> 01:01:31,554
"BEFORE US
IN PROUD HUMILIATION
1082
01:01:31,554 --> 01:01:33,723
"STOOD THE EMBODIMENT
OF MANHOOD--
1083
01:01:33,723 --> 01:01:35,274
"THIN, WORN, AND FAMISHED,
1084
01:01:35,274 --> 01:01:39,062
"BUT ERECT AND WITH EYES
LOOKING LEVEL INTO OURS,
1085
01:01:39,062 --> 01:01:43,399
"WAKING MEMORIES THAT BOUND US
TOGETHER AS NO OTHER BOND.
1086
01:01:43,399 --> 01:01:45,401
"WAS NOT SUCH MANHOOD
TO BE WELCOMED BACK
1087
01:01:45,401 --> 01:01:49,739
"INTO THE UNION
SO TESTED AND ASSURED?
1088
01:01:49,739 --> 01:01:52,458
"ON OUR PART, NOT A SOUND
OF TRUMPET MORE
1089
01:01:52,458 --> 01:01:55,161
"NOR ROLL OF DRUM,
NOT A CHEER NOR WORD
1090
01:01:55,161 --> 01:02:00,049
"NOR WHISPER OF VAINGLORYING
NOR MOTION OF MAN,
1091
01:02:00,049 --> 01:02:03,836
"BUT AN AWED STILLNESS, RATHER,
AND BREATH-HOLDING,
1092
01:02:03,836 --> 01:02:07,090
AS IF IT WERE
THE PASSING OF THE DEAD."
1093
01:02:07,090 --> 01:02:09,809
JOSHUA LAWRENCE CHAMBERLAIN.
1094
01:02:09,809 --> 01:02:16,315
NOW CHAMBERLAIN MADE
AN EXTRAORDINARY GESTURE.
1095
01:02:16,315 --> 01:02:18,484
"CHAMBERLAIN CALLED HIS MEN
INTO LINE,
1096
01:02:18,484 --> 01:02:20,653
"AND AS MY MEN MARCHED
IN FRONT OF THEM,
1097
01:02:20,653 --> 01:02:23,356
"THE VETERANS IN BLUE
GAVE A SOLDIERLY SALUTE
1098
01:02:23,356 --> 01:02:27,160
"TO THOSE
VANQUISHED HEROES,
1099
01:02:27,160 --> 01:02:30,947
A TOKEN OF RESPECT
FROM AMERICANS TO AMERICANS."
1100
01:02:30,947 --> 01:02:33,116
GENERAL JOHN B. GORDON.
1101
01:02:34,200 --> 01:02:37,453
"AT THE SOUND OF THAT
MACHINELIKE SNAP OF ARMS,
1102
01:02:37,453 --> 01:02:39,622
"GENERAL GORDON STARTED,
1103
01:02:39,622 --> 01:02:41,257
"THEN WHEELED HIS HORSE,
FACING ME,
1104
01:02:41,791 --> 01:02:43,426
"TOUCHING HIM GENTLY
WITH THE SPUR
1105
01:02:43,960 --> 01:02:46,129
"SO THAT THE ANIMAL
SLIGHTLY REARED,
1106
01:02:46,679 --> 01:02:51,551
"AND, AS HE WHEELED,
HORSE AND RIDER MADE ONE MOTION.
1107
01:02:51,551 --> 01:02:54,804
"THE HORSE'S HEAD SWUNG DOWN
WITH A GRACEFUL BOW,
1108
01:02:54,804 --> 01:02:57,890
"AND GENERAL GORDON DROPPED
HIS SWORD POINT TO HIS TOE
1109
01:02:57,890 --> 01:03:00,059
IN SALUTATION."
1110
01:03:07,650 --> 01:03:11,971
[FIREWORKS EXPLODING]
1111
01:03:11,971 --> 01:03:15,224
IN WASHINGTON,
FIREWORKS FILLED THE SKY.
1112
01:03:15,224 --> 01:03:16,843
A GREAT CROWD GATHERED
AROUND THE WHITE HOUSE
1113
01:03:16,843 --> 01:03:19,562
AND CALLED FOR LINCOLN.
1114
01:03:19,562 --> 01:03:22,215
HE WAS TOO WEARY
TO MAKE A FORMAL SPEECH
1115
01:03:22,215 --> 01:03:25,468
BUT ASKED THE BAND
TO PLAY DIXIE.
1116
01:03:25,468 --> 01:03:30,890
"I HAVE ALWAYS THOUGHT IT
ONE OF THE BEST TUNES I EVER HEARD," HE SAID.
1117
01:03:30,890 --> 01:03:32,508
THE NEXT DAY,
1118
01:03:32,508 --> 01:03:35,228
LINCOLN WALKED OVER
TO ALEXANDER GARDNER'S STUDIO
1119
01:03:35,228 --> 01:03:37,396
AT THE CORNER
OF SEVENTH AND D STREET
1120
01:03:37,396 --> 01:03:39,565
TO SIT FOR ANOTHER PORTRAIT.
1121
01:03:39,565 --> 01:03:43,319
SOMEHOW, THE GLASS-PLATE
NEGATIVE CRACKED
1122
01:03:43,319 --> 01:03:45,488
WHILE BEING DEVELOPED.
1123
01:03:45,488 --> 01:03:47,657
THE PHOTOGRAPHER
MADE A SINGLE PRINT,
1124
01:03:47,657 --> 01:03:50,910
THEN THREW THE NEGATIVE AWAY.
1125
01:03:50,910 --> 01:03:56,332
THERE WOULD BE PLENTY OF TIME
TO MAKE MORE LINCOLN PORTRAITS.
1126
01:03:56,332 --> 01:03:58,501
JUST A FEW BLOCKS AWAY,
1127
01:03:58,501 --> 01:04:02,288
A FRIEND FOUND
JOHN WILKES BOOTH ALONE IN HIS DARKENED ROOM
1128
01:04:02,288 --> 01:04:05,007
AND ASKED HIM IF HE WANTED
TO GET A DRINK.
1129
01:04:05,541 --> 01:04:07,043
"YES," SAID BOOTH,
1130
01:04:07,043 --> 01:04:10,296
WHO WAS NOW DRINKING
A QUART OF BRANDY A DAY,
1131
01:04:10,296 --> 01:04:10,296
"ANYTHINTO DRIVE AWAY
THE BLUES."