1 00:00:06,680 --> 00:00:08,353 NARRATOR: The history of the 20th century 2 00:00:08,440 --> 00:00:11,000 was defined by two global conflicts. 3 00:00:12,480 --> 00:00:15,120 The First World War began with a single bullet 4 00:00:15,200 --> 00:00:17,953 fired by a young Serb nationalist 5 00:00:18,040 --> 00:00:22,955 World War II was only brought to a close when Adolf Hitler finally shot himself. 6 00:00:25,080 --> 00:00:27,913 Just two bullets, less than 31 years apart, 7 00:00:28,000 --> 00:00:30,310 gave birth to the modern world. 8 00:00:30,920 --> 00:00:33,719 This is a dramatization of events as they happened 9 00:00:33,800 --> 00:00:36,235 on two days that shook the world. 10 00:00:39,560 --> 00:00:42,154 It's the 28th of June, 1914. 11 00:00:43,200 --> 00:00:46,238 In Germany, the Kaiser has launched 14 new battleships, 12 00:00:46,320 --> 00:00:48,630 causing an arms race in Europe. 13 00:00:48,920 --> 00:00:52,550 In Russia, the Tsar is pouring money into the army. 14 00:00:52,640 --> 00:00:55,234 Britain's King George V has just been to Paris, 15 00:00:55,320 --> 00:00:58,278 cementing the Anglo-French alliance. 16 00:00:58,360 --> 00:01:00,954 Europe is a tinderbox waiting to explode. 17 00:01:01,040 --> 00:01:02,872 The flashpoint is Bosnia. 18 00:01:08,840 --> 00:01:12,117 These seven men are state-sponsored terrorists. 19 00:01:13,160 --> 00:01:16,994 Today they will commit an act of murder that will start a war. 20 00:01:19,480 --> 00:01:21,756 This is the Black Hand gang. 21 00:01:23,600 --> 00:01:27,070 Gavrilo Princip is their leader, a trained assassin. 22 00:01:28,000 --> 00:01:30,913 Nedjelko Cabrinovic is a suicide bomber. 23 00:01:32,360 --> 00:01:35,034 Danilo Ilic is the fixer for the gang. 24 00:01:36,680 --> 00:01:39,194 Trifko Grabez provides the muscle. 25 00:01:40,400 --> 00:01:43,836 Muhamed Mehmedbasic is a veteran of previous attacks. 26 00:01:44,480 --> 00:01:48,189 Popovic and Cubrilovic are schoolboys along for the ride. 27 00:01:48,760 --> 00:01:52,390 This is their target, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, 28 00:01:52,480 --> 00:01:55,711 heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. 29 00:01:55,800 --> 00:01:58,155 Today he will be assassinated. 30 00:01:58,880 --> 00:02:02,510 This is the spark which will ignite the First World War. 31 00:02:11,080 --> 00:02:14,311 Two hundred miles from Sarajevo, in another country, 32 00:02:14,400 --> 00:02:17,836 the mastermind behind the plot is having breakfast 33 00:02:18,880 --> 00:02:21,440 Fifty-six-year-old Dragutin Dimitrijevic 34 00:02:21,520 --> 00:02:25,070 is officially the head of Serbian military intelligence. 35 00:02:25,840 --> 00:02:29,435 Unofficially, he is known as "Apis" or "The Bee,” 36 00:02:29,520 --> 00:02:32,160 and is the leader of the Black Hand. 37 00:02:33,800 --> 00:02:38,749 His secret nationalist society has 2,500 members with only one aim, 38 00:02:38,840 --> 00:02:41,559 to recreate Greater Serbia once again. 39 00:02:44,560 --> 00:02:48,633 Seven centuries ago, Greater Serbia included Bosnia. 40 00:02:48,720 --> 00:02:52,190 Now the Austro-Hungarian Empire rules the province, 41 00:02:52,280 --> 00:02:56,558 even though most of the population still consider themselves Serbian. 42 00:02:57,040 --> 00:03:00,396 Nationalistic feeling amongst Serbs on both sides of the border 43 00:03:00,480 --> 00:03:02,118 is running high. 44 00:03:05,760 --> 00:03:07,592 Today is the 28th of June. 45 00:03:07,680 --> 00:03:11,992 Galled Vidovdan, it is the holiest day in the Serb Orthodox calendar. 46 00:03:12,520 --> 00:03:15,273 In special church services, the Serbs remember the golden age 47 00:03:15,360 --> 00:03:18,637 when Bosnia was part of medieval Greater Serbia. 48 00:03:19,160 --> 00:03:23,836 They lament the fact that they are now ruled by the Austro-Hungarian Empire. 49 00:03:23,920 --> 00:03:25,479 They commemorate the martyrs, 50 00:03:25,560 --> 00:03:29,474 who died when Greater Serbia was crushed seven centuries ago. 51 00:03:29,840 --> 00:03:32,753 Martyrdom is part of the Serbian psyche. 52 00:03:33,240 --> 00:03:34,958 (CLOCK TICKING) 53 00:03:37,200 --> 00:03:39,157 (CREAKING) 54 00:03:41,120 --> 00:03:43,111 (COUGHING) 55 00:03:50,520 --> 00:03:54,514 Nineteen year-old Gavrilo Princip is dying of tuberculosis. 56 00:04:00,120 --> 00:04:02,634 He is a man with nothing to lose. 57 00:04:04,560 --> 00:04:07,074 A Bosnian Serb raised by peasants, 58 00:04:07,160 --> 00:04:10,915 six of his nine siblings died in infancy. 59 00:04:11,000 --> 00:04:15,233 His parents were so poor that they could not afford to feed Princip, 60 00:04:15,320 --> 00:04:19,917 yet they still had to pay punitive taxes imposed by the Austro-Hungarians. 61 00:04:20,520 --> 00:04:24,514 Aged 13, a starving Gavrilo was sent here to Sarajevo 62 00:04:24,600 --> 00:04:26,511 to live with his brother. 63 00:04:26,600 --> 00:04:27,954 While he was at school, 64 00:04:28,040 --> 00:04:31,999 the Empire introduced martial law to control the Bosnian Serbs. 65 00:04:32,720 --> 00:04:35,360 Disgusted, Princip immersed himself 66 00:04:35,440 --> 00:04:38,751 in the new political theories emerging from Russia. 67 00:04:39,480 --> 00:04:42,438 Now Princip's hatred of the imperial oppressors 68 00:04:42,520 --> 00:04:44,955 has become focused upon one man, 69 00:04:45,040 --> 00:04:49,910 Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. 70 00:04:52,080 --> 00:04:55,471 Today, Franz Ferdinand is coming to Sarajevo. 71 00:04:56,920 --> 00:05:00,311 "I am the son of peasants" 72 00:05:00,800 --> 00:05:03,440 and I know what is happening in the villages. 73 00:05:03,520 --> 00:05:06,239 "That is why I wanted to take revenge." 74 00:05:06,840 --> 00:05:09,958 NARRATOR: With the knowledge that tuberculosis will kill him eventually, 75 00:05:10,040 --> 00:05:13,795 and fired up on nationalist rhetoric and Serbian folk legends, 76 00:05:13,880 --> 00:05:17,350 Gavrilo Princip is determined to become a martyr. 77 00:05:17,440 --> 00:05:20,512 In fact, he will unleash the First World War. 78 00:05:22,080 --> 00:05:23,878 (CLOCK TICKING) 79 00:05:31,080 --> 00:05:33,913 Sixty-one-year-old Archduke Franz Ferdinand, 80 00:05:34,000 --> 00:05:36,560 the heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, 81 00:05:36,640 --> 00:05:39,029 is preparing to tour Sarajevo. 82 00:05:40,360 --> 00:05:42,431 Franz Ferdinand knows that the local Serbs 83 00:05:42,520 --> 00:05:45,512 resent being ruled by his uncle, the Emperor. 84 00:05:45,960 --> 00:05:49,112 His family have been the victims of political assassination in the past, 85 00:05:49,200 --> 00:05:52,431 so today Franz Ferdinand is taking precautions. 86 00:05:54,640 --> 00:05:56,392 Although a devout Catholic, 87 00:05:56,480 --> 00:05:59,836 the superstitious Archduke puts on seven lucky charms, 88 00:05:59,920 --> 00:06:03,834 each of which are supposed to ward off a different kind of evil 89 00:06:03,920 --> 00:06:05,911 On top of these protective talismans, 90 00:06:06,000 --> 00:06:10,392 the Archduke wears a unique jacket made of a specially woven fibre. 91 00:06:10,480 --> 00:06:12,949 It is reputed to be bullet-proof. 92 00:06:13,680 --> 00:06:15,796 Convinced that he will be safe from harm, 93 00:06:15,880 --> 00:06:20,477 Franz Ferdinand is looking forward to winning over the people of Sarajevo. 94 00:06:20,880 --> 00:06:23,440 The Archduke hopes that his public appearance today 95 00:06:23,520 --> 00:06:26,114 will inspire loyalty in his restless subjects 96 00:06:26,200 --> 00:06:30,478 and dampen the nationalistic feelings of Bosnia's Serbian population. 97 00:06:31,400 --> 00:06:34,631 He also wants to publicise the fact that he is a reformer. 98 00:06:34,720 --> 00:06:37,109 When the Archduke inherits the throne from his uncle, 99 00:06:37,200 --> 00:06:40,033 he plans to stop the oppression of the Bosnian Serbs 100 00:06:40,120 --> 00:06:43,158 and give them a say in how the Empire is run. 101 00:06:44,960 --> 00:06:46,439 Although these planned reforms 102 00:06:46,520 --> 00:06:49,751 are actually intended to benefit the local population, 103 00:06:49,840 --> 00:06:54,277 the Archduke has inadvertently made himself a target for assassination. 104 00:06:56,000 --> 00:06:57,752 (CLOCK TICKING) 105 00:07:05,000 --> 00:07:08,834 For 10 years, Colonel Apis has been agitating for the Bosnian Serbs 106 00:07:08,920 --> 00:07:11,514 to revolt against the Austro-Hungarian Empire, 107 00:07:11,600 --> 00:07:14,877 so their province can be incorporated into Serbia. 108 00:07:17,160 --> 00:07:20,835 But Apis knows that if Franz Ferdinand becomes Emperor, 109 00:07:20,920 --> 00:07:24,800 the Archduke's planned reforms will pacify the Bosnian Serbs. 110 00:07:25,320 --> 00:07:30,110 If this happens, the armed revolution that Apis craves will never be realised. 111 00:07:30,760 --> 00:07:34,833 This is why The Bee has recruited and armed a gang of young radicals 112 00:07:34,920 --> 00:07:37,150 willing to die for the cause. 113 00:07:42,480 --> 00:07:47,759 Two years ago, in 1912, Gavrilo Princip was expelled from his school in Sarajevo 114 00:07:47,840 --> 00:07:51,310 for joining a demonstration against the Hapsburg authorities. 115 00:07:51,400 --> 00:07:54,870 Appalled by his treatment, he decided he would be better off across the border 116 00:07:54,960 --> 00:07:56,553 in the kingdom of Serbia, 117 00:07:56,640 --> 00:07:59,598 and so made his way to its capital, Belgrade. 118 00:08:01,600 --> 00:08:05,434 Here he met other disaffected young Serbs from his homeland. 119 00:08:06,000 --> 00:08:09,118 Together, they became members of the Black Hand. 120 00:08:09,960 --> 00:08:11,951 In April, 1914, 121 00:08:12,040 --> 00:08:15,715 they received a newspaper clipping from an anonymous source. 122 00:08:15,800 --> 00:08:18,440 It declared that Archduke Ferdinand would visit Sarajevo 123 00:08:18,520 --> 00:08:20,397 on the 28th of June. 124 00:08:21,120 --> 00:08:24,238 One of the conspirators describes their reaction. 125 00:08:24,320 --> 00:08:29,190 "How dared Franz Ferdinand, the representative of the oppressor 126 00:08:29,280 --> 00:08:33,194 "and an arrogant tyrant, enter Sarajevo on that day. 127 00:08:33,920 --> 00:08:36,719 "Such an entry was a studied insult 128 00:08:37,320 --> 00:08:42,633 "The 28th of June is a date engraved deeply in the heart of every Serb. 129 00:08:43,000 --> 00:08:48,757 "It is called Vidovdan. That was no day for Franz Ferdinand, the new oppressor, 130 00:08:48,840 --> 00:08:52,037 "to venture through the very doors of Serbia." 131 00:08:52,120 --> 00:08:55,158 "Our decision was taken almost immediately." 132 00:08:56,480 --> 00:08:58,676 "Death to the tyrant." 133 00:09:00,040 --> 00:09:02,998 NARRATOR: The conspirators now swore a grave oath. 134 00:09:04,760 --> 00:09:09,072 I do hereby swear by the sun which shineth upon me, 135 00:09:09,160 --> 00:09:12,232 by the earth which feedeth me, by God, 136 00:09:12,320 --> 00:09:13,993 by my honour and by my life 137 00:09:14,080 --> 00:09:17,118 "that I shall keep all the secrets of the Black Hand" 138 00:09:17,200 --> 00:09:20,192 "and carry them with me into my grave." 139 00:09:22,440 --> 00:09:24,113 (POURING ALCOHOL) 140 00:09:26,280 --> 00:09:28,078 Cheers! 141 00:09:37,000 --> 00:09:39,310 NARRATOR: That was two months ago. 142 00:09:39,400 --> 00:09:42,279 Since then, Colonel Apis has done everything in his power 143 00:09:42,360 --> 00:09:44,556 to assist the conspirators. 144 00:09:44,640 --> 00:09:46,233 He has arranged for his young recruits 145 00:09:46,320 --> 00:09:50,359 to be secretly equipped with weapons from the Serbian Army's arsenal 146 00:09:50,440 --> 00:09:52,829 His network of contacts in the Black Hand 147 00:09:52,920 --> 00:09:57,391 have smuggled the men and their arms back across the border to Bosnia. 148 00:09:57,680 --> 00:10:00,320 Apis knows that in less than three hours' time, 149 00:10:00,400 --> 00:10:04,314 Archduke Franz Ferdinand will begin his four of Sarajevo. 150 00:10:04,400 --> 00:10:07,791 This will be the chance for his team of assassins to strike. 151 00:10:07,880 --> 00:10:10,269 All The Bee must do now is wait. 152 00:10:13,000 --> 00:10:14,911 (CLOCK CHIMING) 153 00:10:19,080 --> 00:10:23,313 Archduke Franz Ferdinand has always been disliked as a public figure. 154 00:10:23,400 --> 00:10:25,437 Rude, uncultured and spoilt, 155 00:10:25,520 --> 00:10:29,115 he is shunned by the snobbish elite of Viennese society. 156 00:10:29,560 --> 00:10:34,270 But in private, he is a different man, completely devoted to his wife Sophie. 157 00:10:34,760 --> 00:10:38,276 Theirs was a fairytale romance. Unlike most aristocrats, 158 00:10:38,360 --> 00:10:42,991 they did not get married for wealth or power, but because they fell in love. 159 00:10:44,080 --> 00:10:47,038 Today they are celebrating their 14th wedding anniversary, 160 00:10:47,120 --> 00:10:49,509 and this morning are having a special mass in their hotel 161 00:10:49,600 --> 00:10:51,511 to mark the occasion. 162 00:10:52,080 --> 00:10:54,549 The couple fell in love at a ball in 1888, 163 00:10:54,640 --> 00:10:57,553 but Franz Ferdinand's family did not approve. 164 00:10:57,640 --> 00:11:00,519 Countess Sophie was not considered sufficiently aristocratic 165 00:11:00,600 --> 00:11:02,955 to wed the heir to the throne. 166 00:11:04,600 --> 00:11:07,433 When Franz Ferdinand insisted, the wedding went ahead. 167 00:11:07,520 --> 00:11:10,751 The discrimination was formalised. The couple were forced to declare 168 00:11:10,840 --> 00:11:13,832 that their children would have no right to the throne. 169 00:11:13,920 --> 00:11:16,116 But the duke had no regrets. 170 00:11:16,800 --> 00:11:18,616 "The most intelligent thing 1 have done in my life 171 00:11:18,640 --> 00:11:20,039 "has been my marriage to Sophie. 172 00:11:20,120 --> 00:11:24,034 "She's everything to me: my wife, my advisor, my doctor." 173 00:11:24,120 --> 00:11:26,555 "In a word, my entire happiness." 174 00:11:26,640 --> 00:11:29,234 I feel like I have been born again.” 175 00:11:29,800 --> 00:11:31,996 NARRATOR: The couple already have three children. 176 00:11:32,080 --> 00:11:35,550 Now Sophie reveals another source of joy for the Archduke. 177 00:11:35,640 --> 00:11:37,790 She is pregnant once again. 178 00:12:05,200 --> 00:12:08,795 The Velja Patisserie is a safe house for the Black Hand. 179 00:12:10,120 --> 00:12:13,636 Two months since he received the newspaper clipping in Belgrade, 180 00:12:13,720 --> 00:12:18,840 Gavrilo Princip has returned to Sarajevo and is awaiting an important rendezvous. 181 00:12:22,960 --> 00:12:26,874 Via the Serb underground, the items in this suitcase have travelled 200 miles 182 00:12:26,960 --> 00:12:29,474 and crossed an international border. 183 00:12:31,800 --> 00:12:35,430 They have been smuggled in a cart and hidden in a cinema. 184 00:12:42,400 --> 00:12:46,189 Without them, today's terrorist attack could not take place. 185 00:12:49,720 --> 00:12:53,315 Twenty-four-year-old Danilo Ilic picked up this package yesterday, 186 00:12:53,400 --> 00:12:57,758 the final link in an underground network connecting Serbia with Bosnia. 187 00:12:58,360 --> 00:12:59,430 (GREETING IN SERBIAN) 188 00:12:59,520 --> 00:13:04,151 Ilic is a childhood friend of Princip and a fellow member of the Black Hand. 189 00:13:04,520 --> 00:13:08,275 Nineteen-year-old Nedjelko Cabrinovic is the next to arrive. 190 00:13:08,360 --> 00:13:10,670 Last year, he joined an anarchist printing press 191 00:13:10,760 --> 00:13:15,311 and began organising strikes, until the authorities banished him from Sarajevo. 192 00:13:15,400 --> 00:13:19,871 He then travelled to Belgrade where he and Princip formed a special bond. 193 00:13:21,640 --> 00:13:23,916 They joined the Black Hand and were the most eager 194 00:13:24,000 --> 00:13:28,756 to assassinate Franz Ferdinand when they realised he was coming to Sarajevo. 195 00:13:28,840 --> 00:13:32,117 Colonel Apis supplied them with weapons and arranged for them to spend 196 00:13:32,200 --> 00:13:35,397 two months' training in Belgrade's Kosutnjak Park. 197 00:13:36,680 --> 00:13:39,240 Here, Princip soon proved to be the better marksman, 198 00:13:39,320 --> 00:13:42,870 while Cabrinovic was more suited to throwing grenades. 199 00:13:45,440 --> 00:13:48,796 Now the men are joined by 22-year-old Trifko Grabez, 200 00:13:48,880 --> 00:13:51,110 the only assassin with a police record. 201 00:13:51,200 --> 00:13:53,840 (PRINCIP SPEAKING SERBIAN) 202 00:13:54,880 --> 00:13:57,872 While at school with Princip, he was sentenced to two weeks in prison 203 00:13:57,960 --> 00:14:01,112 for attacking his teacher. He too then travelled to Belgrade, 204 00:14:01,200 --> 00:14:04,875 where he met up with the others and joined the Black Hand. 205 00:14:06,360 --> 00:14:10,354 The men returned from Belgrade to Sarajevo via different routes. 206 00:14:10,440 --> 00:14:13,478 Their smuggled weapons were deposited in a village 40 miles away, 207 00:14:13,560 --> 00:14:16,359 until yesterday when Ilic picked them up. 208 00:14:17,160 --> 00:14:18,833 Now the four assassins and their arms 209 00:14:18,920 --> 00:14:21,992 are reunited in preparation for today's attack. 210 00:14:22,440 --> 00:14:26,911 Cabrinovic, never a very accurate shot, takes one of the primitive bombs. 211 00:14:27,520 --> 00:14:31,354 Gavrilo Princip takes a .22 calibre Browning pistol, 212 00:14:31,440 --> 00:14:34,671 the same weapon he trained with while in Belgrade. 213 00:14:34,760 --> 00:14:38,993 Trifko Grabez receives a similar gun, but has never used one before. 214 00:14:40,160 --> 00:14:44,677 Finally, Danilo llic distributes bottles of cyanide to all of the men. 215 00:14:45,840 --> 00:14:48,912 The plan is to kill the Archduke before killing themselves. 216 00:14:49,000 --> 00:14:50,832 (SPEAKING IN SERBIAN) 217 00:14:52,440 --> 00:14:54,670 Now, the men leave the cafe to meet up 218 00:14:54,760 --> 00:14:57,559 with the remaining members of their gang. 219 00:14:59,280 --> 00:15:03,877 Yesterday, Danilo Ilic also distributed guns and bombs to three other men. 220 00:15:03,960 --> 00:15:06,998 Two of them were just 17-year-old schoolboys. 221 00:15:07,080 --> 00:15:10,232 Popovic and Cubrilovic heard about the plot from Danilo 222 00:15:10,320 --> 00:15:13,153 and persuaded him to let them take part 223 00:15:14,640 --> 00:15:18,634 The final member of the gang is 28-year-old Muhamed Mehmedbasic. 224 00:15:18,720 --> 00:15:21,473 A member of the Black Hand for the last eight years, 225 00:15:21,560 --> 00:15:25,554 he decided at the last moment to join the assassination attempt. 226 00:15:27,280 --> 00:15:31,478 These are the men it will take to kill an archduke and start a war. 227 00:15:36,800 --> 00:15:38,598 (CLOCK TICKING) 228 00:15:40,880 --> 00:15:42,871 Mindful of the act he is about to commit, 229 00:15:42,960 --> 00:15:46,430 Nedjelko Cabrinovic now visits a photographer's studio. 230 00:15:47,200 --> 00:15:49,237 Wearing a new suit bought for the occasion, 231 00:15:49,320 --> 00:15:52,756 he asks for the prints to be sent directly to his family. 232 00:15:52,840 --> 00:15:55,150 Over the last month, Cabrinovic has already sent 233 00:15:55,240 --> 00:15:58,119 half a dozen postcards to friends and relatives, 234 00:15:58,200 --> 00:16:01,636 plastered with heroic lines from Serbian folk poems. 235 00:16:02,840 --> 00:16:06,629 This is a suicide bomber who is determined to be remembered. 236 00:16:06,960 --> 00:16:08,189 (CLOCK TICKING) 237 00:16:08,280 --> 00:16:10,954 (TRAIN WHISTLE BLOWING) 238 00:16:13,640 --> 00:16:16,758 Archduke Franz Ferdinand has spent the morning inspecting troops 239 00:16:16,840 --> 00:16:18,592 on manoeuvres outside the city, 240 00:16:18,680 --> 00:16:22,036 and is now about to set off on his tour of Sarajevo. 241 00:16:23,200 --> 00:16:26,397 Although he has been advised he could receive a hostile reception, 242 00:16:26,480 --> 00:16:30,917 the Archduke is determined to project a friendly image towards his subjects. 243 00:16:31,000 --> 00:16:34,914 He insists on driving through the town in an open-topped car. 244 00:16:35,840 --> 00:16:39,356 In the same spirit, Franz Ferdinand has decided against deploying the army 245 00:16:39,440 --> 00:16:40,669 onto the streets. 246 00:16:40,760 --> 00:16:44,116 Instead, just 120 policemen are on duty. 247 00:16:49,040 --> 00:16:52,999 Yesterday, local newspapers published the Archduke's route. 248 00:16:53,080 --> 00:16:56,357 Now the assassins take up their positions along the Appel Quay, 249 00:16:56,440 --> 00:16:59,876 the main street which runs alongside the River Miljacka. 250 00:17:03,520 --> 00:17:06,080 First in line is Mehmedbasic. 251 00:17:06,160 --> 00:17:10,233 Two years ago, he tried and failed to assassinate the governor of Sarajevo. 252 00:17:10,320 --> 00:17:14,678 Today, Governor Potiorek is travelling in the same car as the Archduke. 253 00:17:16,400 --> 00:17:18,914 Further up the street, Nedjelko Cabrinovic 254 00:17:19,000 --> 00:17:22,675 asks an unsuspecting local policeman to point out the Archduke's car. 255 00:17:22,760 --> 00:17:26,754 He learns it will be the third vehicle in the six-car motorcade. 256 00:17:30,200 --> 00:17:33,192 Next, the two schoolboys move into position. 257 00:17:33,280 --> 00:17:35,954 Popovic and Cubrilovic stand opposite each other, 258 00:17:36,040 --> 00:17:40,159 one on either side of the street. They are both armed with a bomb. 259 00:17:43,760 --> 00:17:46,479 Trifko Grabez, armed with a revolver, 260 00:17:46,560 --> 00:17:49,473 takes a spot a little further down the road. 261 00:17:52,760 --> 00:17:55,195 In the centre is Gavrilo Princip. 262 00:17:56,120 --> 00:17:58,714 Having proved himself a crack-shot with his pistol, 263 00:17:58,800 --> 00:18:00,711 he is here to ensure the job is finished 264 00:18:00,800 --> 00:18:05,397 if one of the less-experienced members of the gang should botch the attack. 265 00:18:09,720 --> 00:18:11,313 Although he supplied the weapons, 266 00:18:11,400 --> 00:18:14,711 Danilo Ilic is unwilling to actually commit murder. 267 00:18:15,000 --> 00:18:18,152 Unarmed, he prepares to watch the action unfold. 268 00:18:20,520 --> 00:18:22,557 As the car proceeds along the Appel Quay, 269 00:18:22,640 --> 00:18:26,554 the Archduke's wife, Sophie, is particularly enjoying the procession. 270 00:18:26,640 --> 00:18:30,156 Because of her low-birth status, Sophie has never before been allowed 271 00:18:30,240 --> 00:18:32,675 to accompany the Archduke on an official tour. 272 00:18:32,760 --> 00:18:35,434 Today, as a special wedding anniversary gift, 273 00:18:35,520 --> 00:18:40,310 the devoted husband has arranged for her to accompany him for the first time. 274 00:18:42,640 --> 00:18:47,077 As the car approaches, Mehmedbasic has the first opportunity to attack. 275 00:18:55,680 --> 00:18:59,958 The car passes directly in front of him, but Mehmedbasic does not act 276 00:19:00,840 --> 00:19:05,118 But there are still six assassins waiting for their chance to strike. 277 00:19:08,800 --> 00:19:10,791 Next on the route is Cabrinovic. 278 00:19:10,880 --> 00:19:13,679 Like Princip, he is dying of tuberculosis. 279 00:19:13,760 --> 00:19:15,239 (COUGHING) 280 00:19:16,040 --> 00:19:18,077 with the knowledge he has a terminal illness, 281 00:19:18,160 --> 00:19:22,597 Cabrinovic is desperate to go down in history as a martyr for the cause. 282 00:19:24,040 --> 00:19:25,872 With the car just 20 feet away, 283 00:19:25,960 --> 00:19:30,796 Cabrinovic strikes the percussion cap of his grenade and hurls it at his target. 284 00:19:33,360 --> 00:19:36,432 At the last moment, the Archduke sees the bomb coming 285 00:19:36,520 --> 00:19:39,592 and raises his arm to protect his beloved wife. 286 00:19:39,680 --> 00:19:43,116 The driver accelerates and the grenade bounces off the back of the car. 287 00:19:43,200 --> 00:19:46,750 Cabrinovic had forgotten the bomb had a 10-second delay. 288 00:19:47,240 --> 00:19:49,595 Without waiting to see if his attempt was successful, 289 00:19:49,680 --> 00:19:51,717 Cabrinovic sticks to the plan. 290 00:19:51,800 --> 00:19:55,077 After swallowing his cyanide, he jumps into the River Miljacka 291 00:19:55,160 --> 00:19:57,197 to ensure that he dies. 292 00:19:57,520 --> 00:19:58,669 (BOMB EXPLODING) 293 00:19:58,760 --> 00:20:01,479 When the bomb explodes, the car is clear of the blast 294 00:20:01,560 --> 00:20:04,313 and the Archduke escapes unharmed. 295 00:20:04,400 --> 00:20:06,516 The remaining assassins are too stunned to react 296 00:20:06,600 --> 00:20:09,319 when the car drives straight past them. 297 00:20:12,920 --> 00:20:16,879 Twelve bystanders are injured in the explosion, including Erich von Merizzi, 298 00:20:16,960 --> 00:20:20,510 part of the Archduke's retinue travelling in the car behind. 299 00:20:20,600 --> 00:20:23,797 Despite his suicide bid, Cabrinovic was captured. 300 00:20:23,880 --> 00:20:27,271 The cyanide he had taken was very old and only made him vomit 301 00:20:27,360 --> 00:20:29,641 Although he jumped into the river to be sure that he died, 302 00:20:29,720 --> 00:20:31,677 it was only four inches deep. 303 00:20:31,760 --> 00:20:34,149 As he is taken away for interrogation, he says, 304 00:20:34,240 --> 00:20:36,356 "I am a Serb hero." 305 00:20:37,360 --> 00:20:39,795 NARRATOR: But the plan had failed. 306 00:20:41,040 --> 00:20:42,633 (CLOCK TICKING) 307 00:20:44,760 --> 00:20:49,311 The Archduke now arrives at City Hall where the reception party is waiting. 308 00:20:49,800 --> 00:20:51,360 They have not yet heard about the bomb, 309 00:20:51,440 --> 00:20:54,876 so the Archduke expresses his outrage to the unsuspecting mayor. 310 00:20:54,960 --> 00:20:56,394 (SPEAKING IN GERMAN) 311 00:20:56,480 --> 00:20:59,871 The mayor is so nervous that he replies with his pre-prepared speech, 312 00:20:59,960 --> 00:21:03,032 which ironically insists that every single citizen of Sarajevo 313 00:21:03,120 --> 00:21:05,714 is delighted by the Archduke's visit 314 00:21:06,120 --> 00:21:08,634 The absurdity of the situation is made clear 315 00:21:08,720 --> 00:21:11,155 when the Archduke Is handed his reply. 316 00:21:11,240 --> 00:21:14,232 By now it is stained with the blood of the injured Count Merizzi. 317 00:21:14,320 --> 00:21:15,515 (SPEAKING IN SERBIAN) 318 00:21:15,600 --> 00:21:19,116 Still, he sarcastically continues with the formalities. 319 00:21:22,680 --> 00:21:25,672 Having vented his anger, Franz Ferdinand now insists 320 00:21:25,760 --> 00:21:29,435 that the reception party should continue inside the Town Hall 321 00:21:32,240 --> 00:21:36,473 The news of the attempted assassination has by now spread across Sarajevo. 322 00:21:36,560 --> 00:21:39,279 But with the Archduke safe and the bomber in custody, 323 00:21:39,360 --> 00:21:42,591 it seems as if life will quickly return to normal 324 00:21:44,200 --> 00:21:48,478 But on the other side of town, the conspirators have gathered in the park. 325 00:21:48,560 --> 00:21:51,313 After the failure of the bombing and Cabrinovic's arrest, 326 00:21:51,400 --> 00:21:54,438 they are now in a state of nervous confusion. 327 00:21:56,560 --> 00:21:59,837 Of all of them, Gavrilo Princip has the most to consider. 328 00:21:59,920 --> 00:22:01,877 He is the driving force behind the gang 329 00:22:01,960 --> 00:22:05,032 and his special bond with Cabrinovic weighs upon his mind. 330 00:22:05,120 --> 00:22:07,680 Although his friend did not succeed in killing the Archduke, 331 00:22:07,760 --> 00:22:11,640 at least he made the attempt, while Princip simply stood by. 332 00:22:13,160 --> 00:22:17,996 Pondering his fate and the failed plan, Princip wanders off to buy a sandwich. 333 00:22:19,040 --> 00:22:20,838 (CLOCK TICKING) 334 00:22:23,160 --> 00:22:27,552 Two hundred miles away, Colonel Apis is waiting for news from Sarajevo. 335 00:22:29,000 --> 00:22:31,514 He is a veteran of previous assassination attempts 336 00:22:31,600 --> 00:22:34,319 and knows how easily they can go wrong. 337 00:22:34,480 --> 00:22:37,120 Three years ago, Apis sent a man to Vienna 338 00:22:37,200 --> 00:22:40,909 to try to kill Emperor Franz Josef, but the plot failed. 339 00:22:41,000 --> 00:22:44,755 Last year, he tried to have the governor of Sarajevo assassinated, 340 00:22:44,840 --> 00:22:47,514 but once again his plan was thwarted. 341 00:22:47,960 --> 00:22:52,557 Apis knows that this morning's attack should have happened at around 10:30. 342 00:22:52,640 --> 00:22:55,393 But so far, he has yet to hear anything. 343 00:22:56,320 --> 00:22:59,199 For now, The Bee must continue to wait 344 00:23:09,120 --> 00:23:11,077 After attending the official reception, 345 00:23:11,160 --> 00:23:14,835 Franz Ferdinand now insists on visiting the injured in hospital 346 00:23:14,920 --> 00:23:16,593 As a precaution against further attack, 347 00:23:16,680 --> 00:23:20,639 the loyal Count Harrach insists on personally protecting the Archduke. 348 00:23:20,720 --> 00:23:22,996 He now takes a position on the running board of the car 349 00:23:23,080 --> 00:23:25,720 in order to shield him with his body. 350 00:23:27,240 --> 00:23:29,959 Across town in the park, the gang are still nervous that, 351 00:23:30,040 --> 00:23:31,519 with one of their number in custody, 352 00:23:31,600 --> 00:23:35,116 their role in the plot could be revealed at any moment. 353 00:23:36,520 --> 00:23:37,715 At the police station, 354 00:23:37,800 --> 00:23:40,952 Nedjelko Cabrinovic is being brutally interrogated, 355 00:23:41,040 --> 00:23:44,271 but he maintains the Black Hand's vow of secrecy. 356 00:23:44,960 --> 00:23:48,316 "No-one but me in Sarajevo knew about this bomb." 357 00:23:49,560 --> 00:23:51,676 NARRATOR: Gavrilo Princip has just eaten a sandwich 358 00:23:51,760 --> 00:23:54,229 and is now standing outside Schiller's Delicatessen 359 00:23:54,320 --> 00:23:56,994 on the corner of Franz Josef Street. 360 00:23:58,800 --> 00:24:01,679 The imperial party now plan to visit the hospital 361 00:24:01,760 --> 00:24:05,719 This means driving back along the main street, the Appel Quay. 362 00:24:07,480 --> 00:24:09,869 But somehow the chauffeur becomes confused, 363 00:24:09,960 --> 00:24:14,272 and he now takes a wrong turn which will change the course of history. 364 00:24:16,400 --> 00:24:20,394 Gavrilo Princip just happens to be standing outside Schiller's Delicatessen 365 00:24:20,480 --> 00:24:24,599 when suddenly the Archduke's car turns into Franz Josef Street 366 00:24:24,680 --> 00:24:28,674 Completely by chance, fate has brought the assassin and his target 367 00:24:28,760 --> 00:24:30,990 within 10 feet of each other. 368 00:24:32,000 --> 00:24:34,469 Potiorek notices they are going the wrong way 369 00:24:34,560 --> 00:24:36,358 and tells the driver to reverse. 370 00:24:36,440 --> 00:24:37,589 (GEARS CREAKING) 371 00:24:37,680 --> 00:24:39,910 But the gears become jammed. 372 00:24:46,440 --> 00:24:48,511 (GUN FIRING) 373 00:24:50,520 --> 00:24:54,070 Although two shots have been fired, it seems as if no-one is hurt 374 00:24:54,160 --> 00:24:57,596 until Count Harrach notices the Archduke Is bleeding. 375 00:24:58,560 --> 00:25:00,995 "As I pulled out my handkerchief to wipe away the blood, 376 00:25:01,080 --> 00:25:05,278 "Her Highness cried out, 'For God's sake! What happened to you?'" 377 00:25:05,360 --> 00:25:08,990 "Then she sank down. I had no idea that she had been hit" 378 00:25:09,080 --> 00:25:10,309 (EXCLAIMING IN GERMAN) 379 00:25:10,400 --> 00:25:13,279 "His Royal Highness said, 'Sophie, Sophie, don't die." 380 00:25:13,360 --> 00:25:15,431 "Live for our children." 381 00:25:16,280 --> 00:25:18,749 NARRATOR: Both of Princip's shots had found their mark. 382 00:25:18,840 --> 00:25:22,231 Despite Franz Ferdinand's bullet-proof jacket and lucky charms, 383 00:25:22,320 --> 00:25:24,391 he had been shot clean through the neck, 384 00:25:24,480 --> 00:25:27,791 while his pregnant wife had been hit in the stomach. 385 00:25:31,240 --> 00:25:33,356 This photograph actually captured the moment 386 00:25:33,440 --> 00:25:36,159 when Gavrilo Princip was apprehended. 387 00:25:36,760 --> 00:25:38,478 The cyanide was again ineffective, 388 00:25:38,560 --> 00:25:41,200 and he was wrestled to the ground before he could shoot himself. 389 00:25:41,280 --> 00:25:42,793 (PHONE RINGING) 390 00:25:45,200 --> 00:25:50,115 By 11:30, the Archduke and his beloved wife Sophie were dead. 391 00:25:53,680 --> 00:25:57,514 The world was shocked as the news spread of the double murder. 392 00:25:58,120 --> 00:26:02,239 The funeral was held in Vienna, but even now, Sophie's low birth status 393 00:26:02,320 --> 00:26:04,391 was not forgotten by the Royal Family. 394 00:26:04,480 --> 00:26:07,313 Her coffin was deliberately placed on a plinth, 395 00:26:07,400 --> 00:26:10,040 18 inches lower than her husband's. 396 00:26:10,120 --> 00:26:13,238 Now the Austro-Hungarian Empire wanted revenge. 397 00:26:14,760 --> 00:26:19,038 Princip was violently interrogated, but maintained his vow of secrecy. 398 00:26:19,520 --> 00:26:22,558 Although there was a suspicion that Serbia was behind the attack, 399 00:26:22,640 --> 00:26:24,916 Austria had no proof. 400 00:26:25,000 --> 00:26:29,597 That is, until Danilo Ilic, the fixer, was picked up by the police 401 00:26:29,680 --> 00:26:33,355 on a tip-off that Princip had stayed with him in Sarajevo. 402 00:26:34,000 --> 00:26:37,356 While the investigators considered his arrest to be routine, 403 00:26:37,440 --> 00:26:40,796 Ilic lost his cool and told the police everything, 404 00:26:40,880 --> 00:26:43,315 including the fact that the arms he had provided 405 00:26:43,400 --> 00:26:46,074 had come from the Serbian government. 406 00:26:46,440 --> 00:26:50,035 This was the smoking gun the Austrians were looking for. 407 00:26:52,760 --> 00:26:56,355 Exactly one month after the shooting, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, 408 00:26:56,440 --> 00:27:00,399 with the support of their ally, Germany, declared war on Serbia. 409 00:27:00,960 --> 00:27:02,758 The Serbs had a pact with Russia, 410 00:27:02,840 --> 00:27:06,151 who in turn had an alliance with France and Britain. 411 00:27:06,640 --> 00:27:09,917 Just six weeks after a man was killed by a single bullet, 412 00:27:10,000 --> 00:27:11,593 the alliances were triggered. 413 00:27:11,680 --> 00:27:15,310 Germany invaded France and the First world War had begun. 414 00:27:17,240 --> 00:27:19,709 Meanwhile the conspirators were put on trial 415 00:27:19,800 --> 00:27:21,996 Although Mehmedbasic managed to escape, 416 00:27:22,080 --> 00:27:25,516 Grabez and the two schoolboys, Cubrilovic and Popovic, 417 00:27:25,600 --> 00:27:28,638 received sentences of between 13 and 20 years. 418 00:27:29,200 --> 00:27:31,840 The death penalty could only be applied to those over 20, 419 00:27:31,920 --> 00:27:35,879 so 23-year-old Danilo Ilic was hanged for his part in the plot. 420 00:27:37,920 --> 00:27:40,992 Colonel Apis was widely blamed for the assassination, 421 00:27:41,080 --> 00:27:44,038 but was safe in Serbia from any reprisals. 422 00:27:44,120 --> 00:27:46,350 He was eventually executed in 1917 423 00:27:46,440 --> 00:27:49,990 for attempting to organise yet another political murder. 424 00:27:51,000 --> 00:27:53,150 Cabrinovic stated in court, 425 00:27:53,240 --> 00:27:55,709 "We are not criminals, we are honest people." 426 00:27:55,800 --> 00:27:59,509 "We wanted to do good, and we shall die for our ideals." 427 00:27:59,920 --> 00:28:01,480 NARRATOR: He was sentenced to 20 years, 428 00:28:01,520 --> 00:28:05,150 but died of tuberculosis after just 18 months in prison. 429 00:28:05,760 --> 00:28:09,196 Gavrilo Princip turned 20 just days after his crime, 430 00:28:09,280 --> 00:28:12,238 and so narrowly escaped the hangman's noose. 431 00:28:12,320 --> 00:28:14,357 He was sentenced to life in prison, 432 00:28:14,440 --> 00:28:17,956 but always maintained he was a freedom fighter, not a criminal 433 00:28:18,040 --> 00:28:22,034 "I suggest that you nail me to a cross and burn me alive. 434 00:28:22,760 --> 00:28:24,398 "My flaming body will be a torch" 435 00:28:24,480 --> 00:28:27,518 "to light my people on their path to freedom." 436 00:28:29,480 --> 00:28:33,678 NARRATOR: In fact, his act had provided the spark which ignited the Great War. 437 00:28:34,080 --> 00:28:37,436 When he died of tuberculosis In April of 191718, 438 00:28:37,520 --> 00:28:39,750 the war was just months from ending. 439 00:28:39,840 --> 00:28:42,070 Twenty million were dead on the battlefield, 440 00:28:42,160 --> 00:28:46,916 and the whole of Europe was left in political, economic and social turmoil 441 00:28:47,880 --> 00:28:50,918 Just a single bullet on the 28th of June, 1914, 442 00:28:51,000 --> 00:28:55,119 ushered in an age of conflict on a scale unprecedented in history. 443 00:28:55,920 --> 00:28:58,958 Never again would people celebrate the declaration of war 444 00:28:59,040 --> 00:29:01,680 as they had across Europe in 1914. 445 00:29:03,080 --> 00:29:07,153 This footage, recorded in Munich, captured the elation at the time. 446 00:29:07,760 --> 00:29:12,755 But just four years later, Germany would be so utterly devastated by the conflict 447 00:29:12,840 --> 00:29:16,196 that the conditions were ripe for Fascism to emerge. 448 00:29:17,440 --> 00:29:22,514 Adolf Hitler, captured here aged 25, would rise to power with the promise 449 00:29:22,600 --> 00:29:25,831 that he would rectify Germany's post-war problems. 450 00:29:30,400 --> 00:29:33,279 It's the 30th of April, 1945. 451 00:29:34,200 --> 00:29:38,558 American forces in Okinawa have just sunk Japan's largest battleship. 452 00:29:39,440 --> 00:29:42,990 In Germany, the concentration camp Dachau is liberated. 453 00:29:43,800 --> 00:29:48,158 Yesterday, the fascist troops in Italy made an unconditional surrender. 454 00:29:49,000 --> 00:29:51,435 Now, all eyes turn to Berlin. 455 00:29:54,040 --> 00:29:56,919 The capital of Nazi Germany is under siege. 456 00:29:57,800 --> 00:30:00,792 Although completely surrounded by Stalin's Red Army, 457 00:30:00,880 --> 00:30:03,759 Adolf Hitler refuses to surrender. 458 00:30:03,840 --> 00:30:08,038 It's the final, apocalyptic confrontation between two dictators 459 00:30:08,120 --> 00:30:10,873 with an equal disregard for human life. 460 00:30:12,480 --> 00:30:14,437 Twenty miles behind the frontline, 461 00:30:14,520 --> 00:30:17,672 Marshall Zukhov, Commander in Chief of the Russian forces, 462 00:30:17,760 --> 00:30:20,479 is preparing to launch the final push. 463 00:30:21,240 --> 00:30:24,198 Zukhov has been given an ultimatum by Stalin. 464 00:30:24,280 --> 00:30:27,159 His troops must hang a red flag from the old German parliament, 465 00:30:27,240 --> 00:30:30,517 the Relchstag, before tomorrow's May Day Parade. 466 00:30:32,000 --> 00:30:33,593 What the Russians don't know 467 00:30:33,680 --> 00:30:35,796 is that almost directly underneath the Relchstag, 468 00:30:35,880 --> 00:30:39,953 the dark heart of the Nazi leadership is still beating. 469 00:30:41,400 --> 00:30:45,553 In a purpose-built concrete shelter, 55 feet underground, 470 00:30:45,640 --> 00:30:49,599 there are 30 bleak rooms linked by a network of dank corridors. 471 00:30:50,600 --> 00:30:52,830 Here, in the Führerbunker, 472 00:30:52,920 --> 00:30:57,312 Adolf Hitler's inner circle is disintegrating in betrayal and despair. 473 00:30:58,280 --> 00:31:02,558 Five witnesses provide a record of these final, extraordinary hours. 474 00:31:03,000 --> 00:31:06,391 Thirty-two-year-old Otto Günsche, Hitler's adjutant. 475 00:31:07,680 --> 00:31:11,674 Twenty-seven-year-old Waldo Linge, Hitler's personal valet. 476 00:31:12,760 --> 00:31:18,073 Two army physicians, Dr Ernst-Günther Schenck and Professor Werner Haase. 477 00:31:18,680 --> 00:31:22,389 And twenty-four year-old Traudl Junge, Hitler's secretary. 478 00:31:25,040 --> 00:31:27,680 Today, they will watch as the man responsible 479 00:31:27,760 --> 00:31:31,958 for the bloodiest conflict in history is finally toppled from power. 480 00:31:33,080 --> 00:31:35,879 Although Adolf Hitler has sworn never to surrender, 481 00:31:35,960 --> 00:31:39,430 the Red Army noose is closing around the Führerbunker. 482 00:31:40,280 --> 00:31:42,874 It's the 30th of April, 1945. 483 00:31:44,080 --> 00:31:45,718 (CLOCK TICKING) 484 00:31:48,960 --> 00:31:52,032 There is no natural light inside Hitler's bunker. 485 00:31:52,120 --> 00:31:55,431 Less than 20 of his most loyal supporters still live here, 486 00:31:55,520 --> 00:31:59,878 and most of them can no longer tell the difference between day and night 487 00:32:00,760 --> 00:32:05,436 Traudl Junge accepted a job organising Hitler's social diary two years ago. 488 00:32:07,080 --> 00:32:11,950 At the time, she was delighted to have a privileged position with few duties. 489 00:32:12,040 --> 00:32:15,556 But for the last three months, she has been forced to live underground 490 00:32:15,640 --> 00:32:18,758 in the nightmarish world of the Führerbunker. 491 00:32:21,400 --> 00:32:24,199 "The sound of guns was coming closer and closer," 492 00:32:24,280 --> 00:32:27,591 "but the atmosphere in the bunker remained the same." 493 00:32:27,680 --> 00:32:29,637 (BOMBS EXPLODING) 494 00:32:29,720 --> 00:32:33,350 "We tried to get hold of some news about the outcome of the battle" 495 00:32:33,440 --> 00:32:37,718 "It should have been at its height Was that the noise of our guns and tanks?" 496 00:32:37,800 --> 00:32:38,915 (EXPLOSION) 497 00:32:39,000 --> 00:32:40,798 "Nobody knew. 498 00:32:42,280 --> 00:32:44,112 "There were no briefing sessions, 499 00:32:44,200 --> 00:32:47,875 "no more fixed schedules, no maps spread out on the table." 500 00:32:48,440 --> 00:32:50,397 "Doors stood wide open." 501 00:32:50,480 --> 00:32:51,800 (GERMAN MILITARY MUSIC ON RADIO) 502 00:32:51,880 --> 00:32:54,713 "Nobody bothered with anything any more. 503 00:32:55,480 --> 00:33:00,395 "Hitler was haggard and absent-minded, hollow-eyed and paler than ever. 504 00:33:01,640 --> 00:33:05,395 "He seemed completely to have given up his role as leader. 505 00:33:06,240 --> 00:33:07,913 "Our single obsession was that" 506 00:33:08,000 --> 00:33:11,197 "the moment of Hitler's suicide was approaching." 507 00:33:12,840 --> 00:33:16,390 NARRATOR: Hitler announced his decision to take his own life eight days ago 508 00:33:16,480 --> 00:33:18,630 at a meeting with his generals. 509 00:33:18,720 --> 00:33:21,519 Traudl Junge was there when it happened. 510 00:33:22,200 --> 00:33:24,316 (SHOUTING IN GERMAN) 511 00:33:24,600 --> 00:33:28,195 "The army has betrayed me. My generals are useless. 512 00:33:28,280 --> 00:33:31,557 "My orders are never carried out It's all over. 513 00:33:31,640 --> 00:33:35,474 "National Socialism ls dead and can never be revived. Never/ 514 00:33:36,320 --> 00:33:38,357 "Gentlemen, the end is approaching. 515 00:33:38,440 --> 00:33:42,798 I shall stay in Berlin and I shall kill myself when the moment comes." 516 00:33:43,760 --> 00:33:46,912 NARRATOR: But eight days later, Hitler is still alive. 517 00:33:49,520 --> 00:33:52,558 The battle for Berlin has been going on for almost two weeks. 518 00:33:52,640 --> 00:33:56,031 The Russians attacked with a vastly superior force. 519 00:33:56,120 --> 00:33:57,679 With over one million men, 520 00:33:57,760 --> 00:34:01,116 they outnumber their opponents more than 10 to 1. 521 00:34:01,200 --> 00:34:05,239 Less than half of the 80,000 German troops are trained soldiers, 522 00:34:05,320 --> 00:34:08,790 but the urban warfare favours their desperate defence. 523 00:34:09,840 --> 00:34:13,834 The Russians have to take areas street by street, building by building, 524 00:34:13,920 --> 00:34:17,151 and the casualties are horrendous on both sides. 525 00:34:18,120 --> 00:34:20,760 Hitler's refusal to allow his troops to surrender 526 00:34:20,840 --> 00:34:25,630 means that at least 20,000 people are dying every day the fighting continues. 527 00:34:28,720 --> 00:34:30,518 (CLOCK TICKING) 528 00:34:32,240 --> 00:34:35,915 Only one radio now links the bunker to the outside world. 529 00:34:36,000 --> 00:34:38,116 (STATIC BUZZING) 530 00:34:39,440 --> 00:34:43,354 For the last week, Hitler has been sending ever more desperate requests 531 00:34:43,440 --> 00:34:45,477 to the Ninth and Twelfth Armies. 532 00:34:45,560 --> 00:34:48,871 Would they be able to link up and liberate Berlin? 533 00:34:53,000 --> 00:34:55,913 Now, the bunker finally receives a reply. 534 00:34:57,480 --> 00:35:01,599 MAN ON RADIO: Twelfth Army cannot continue attack towards Berlin. 535 00:35:01,680 --> 00:35:04,593 Mass of Ninth Army encircled. 536 00:35:04,680 --> 00:35:07,752 Attacks towards Berlin not advanced anywhere. 537 00:35:12,080 --> 00:35:15,311 NARRATOR: Hitler now knew that the armies he had ordered to relieve Berlin 538 00:35:15,400 --> 00:35:18,279 would never arrive. Despite the hopeless situation, 539 00:35:18,360 --> 00:35:21,591 Hitler insists that his troops in the city must fight on. 540 00:35:24,040 --> 00:35:27,078 The city's doctors have to deal with the carnage. 541 00:35:27,160 --> 00:35:30,710 In the cellars underneath the Reich's Chancellery, less than 100 metres 542 00:35:30,800 --> 00:35:34,236 from the entrance to Hitler's bunker, there is a makeshift field hospital 543 00:35:34,320 --> 00:35:35,993 (SOLDIER GROANING) 544 00:35:37,320 --> 00:35:39,391 Thirty-three-year-old Dr Walter Schenck 545 00:35:39,480 --> 00:35:42,711 has been operating for 22 hours without a break. 546 00:35:44,040 --> 00:35:47,556 "Only madmen would have called this a military situation." 547 00:35:47,640 --> 00:35:50,075 "If there was still what could be called a front in Berlin," 548 00:35:50,160 --> 00:35:53,869 “few combatants on either side knew just where it was. 549 00:35:53,960 --> 00:35:57,840 "From time to time, soldiers told me of their hopeless battle." 550 00:35:58,360 --> 00:36:02,149 "The younger ones, many under 16, were terrified and bawling." 551 00:36:02,800 --> 00:36:03,949 (GROANING) 552 00:36:04,040 --> 00:36:07,078 NARRATOR: With the regular army almost all dead or captured, 553 00:36:07,160 --> 00:36:08,594 the defence of Berlin 554 00:36:08,680 --> 00:36:11,991 was now being conducted by old men and teenage boys. 555 00:36:14,600 --> 00:36:18,195 The last time Hitler was seen outside the bunker was 10 days ago, 556 00:36:18,280 --> 00:36:20,191 when he celebrated his 56th birthday 557 00:36:20,280 --> 00:36:23,671 by pinning medals on members of the Hitler Youth. 558 00:36:23,760 --> 00:36:28,436 Without any training, boys as young as 14 were given rocket launchers 559 00:36:28,520 --> 00:36:31,114 in order to take out Russian tanks. 560 00:36:31,200 --> 00:36:33,840 At least 5,000 of these child soldiers 561 00:36:33,920 --> 00:36:36,275 had been killed in the final days in Berlin. 562 00:36:38,560 --> 00:36:40,358 (SPEAKING IN GERMAN) 563 00:36:41,480 --> 00:36:45,155 Now Dr Schenck and his colleague Professor Werner Haase 564 00:36:45,240 --> 00:36:48,153 receive a summons they cannot refuse. 565 00:36:48,240 --> 00:36:51,517 Adolf Hitler demands their presence in the bunker. 566 00:36:52,960 --> 00:36:56,476 As the doctors descend underground, they are completely unprepared 567 00:36:56,560 --> 00:37:01,111 for the way Hitler has changed since the last time he was seen in public. 568 00:37:02,280 --> 00:37:06,069 This is how Dr Haase described Hitler in his final hours. 569 00:37:09,280 --> 00:37:11,112 "Hitler was shaking." 570 00:37:11,200 --> 00:37:14,875 "His left arm trembled continually. His skin was grey." 571 00:37:14,960 --> 00:37:17,429 He looked more like 70 than 56. 572 00:37:18,080 --> 00:37:20,594 "His blank stare and the tremors left me certain 573 00:37:20,680 --> 00:37:24,992 "that he had a degenerative disease, most likely Parkinson's disease. 574 00:37:25,080 --> 00:37:27,435 "It may have been accelerated by the cocaine drops" 575 00:37:27,520 --> 00:37:30,956 "he had been administering to his eyes every morning." 576 00:37:31,160 --> 00:37:34,073 Doctor Schenck made a similar diagnosis. 577 00:37:34,960 --> 00:37:36,792 "Soup slop and mustard spots 578 00:37:36,880 --> 00:37:40,430 "now stained his once natty and spotless uniform jacket" 579 00:37:41,720 --> 00:37:45,395 "He no longer stood erect His walk was more of a shuffle." 580 00:37:46,800 --> 00:37:50,156 The broken dictator now thanks the shocked doctors for their work 581 00:37:50,240 --> 00:37:52,800 and says goodbye for the final time. 582 00:38:00,200 --> 00:38:02,032 As the doctors make their way out, 583 00:38:02,120 --> 00:38:06,353 they pass the chambers of the most peculiar bunker inhabitants of all, 584 00:38:06,440 --> 00:38:08,317 the Goebbels family. 585 00:38:09,400 --> 00:38:11,038 (GIRLS GIGGLING) 586 00:38:11,760 --> 00:38:15,355 Joseph Goebbels, Hitler's oldest and most loyal advisor, 587 00:38:15,440 --> 00:38:19,149 insists on living in the bunker with his wife and children. 588 00:38:19,920 --> 00:38:22,560 Traudl Junge is keeping them entertained. 589 00:38:22,640 --> 00:38:26,235 "The Goebbels family arrived on April 22nd. 590 00:38:26,320 --> 00:38:27,719 "Each of the six children 591 00:38:27,800 --> 00:38:31,031 "had a first name beginning with H in honour of Hitler. 592 00:38:31,120 --> 00:38:36,035 "Helga, Holde, Hilde, Heide, Hedda and Helmut. 593 00:38:37,320 --> 00:38:41,757 "in a very short time, the bunker was filled with their shouts and laughter. 594 00:38:41,840 --> 00:38:46,437 "They were adorable children. All very well behaved and quite unspoilt 595 00:38:47,120 --> 00:38:49,839 "We knew that their parents, Magda and Joseph Goebbels, 596 00:38:49,920 --> 00:38:54,118 "had decided to end the children's lives along with their own. 597 00:38:54,200 --> 00:38:58,034 "Obviously, they hadn't the least idea of what was going to happen, 598 00:38:58,120 --> 00:39:02,000 "and I did all I could not to show them how unhappy I was. 599 00:39:02,360 --> 00:39:04,636 "The children confided to one of the orderlies" 600 00:39:04,720 --> 00:39:09,112 "that they were all going to have an injection so they didn't get sick." 601 00:39:10,720 --> 00:39:13,633 The promised infection will, in fact, be lethal, 602 00:39:13,720 --> 00:39:16,473 the poison supplied by Hitler's doctor. 603 00:39:16,640 --> 00:39:18,074 Tomorrow at 3:00 p.m. 604 00:39:18,160 --> 00:39:21,630 Goebbels and his wife Magda will murder their children one by one 605 00:39:21,720 --> 00:39:25,111 before killing themselves, all in honour of Hitler. 606 00:39:29,960 --> 00:39:32,998 As the doctors head back upstairs to their makeshift hospital, 607 00:39:33,080 --> 00:39:35,230 they pass through the larger, underground complex 608 00:39:35,320 --> 00:39:37,630 above Hitler's private bunker. 609 00:39:40,480 --> 00:39:43,074 (SOLDIERS LAUGHING) 610 00:39:44,720 --> 00:39:49,157 "There was a kind of contagious mass-hysteria seeking a group outlet 611 00:39:49,640 --> 00:39:53,076 "There were many hours of angst, waiting and brooding." 612 00:39:53,640 --> 00:39:55,597 "So many took to drink." 613 00:39:55,680 --> 00:39:57,318 (WOMAN MOANING) 614 00:39:58,200 --> 00:40:02,194 "Drink, in turn, relaxed inhibitions, releasing animal instincts." 615 00:40:03,000 --> 00:40:07,597 "Many wild, red-eyed women had fled their apartments in terror of rape," 616 00:40:07,680 --> 00:40:09,432 rand now threw themselves into the arms 617 00:40:09,520 --> 00:40:12,672 "of the nearest German soldiers they could find. 618 00:40:13,280 --> 00:40:15,920 "And the soldiers were not unwilling. 619 00:40:17,200 --> 00:40:21,194 "The more discreet retired to Dr Kuntz's dentist's chair." 620 00:40:21,800 --> 00:40:25,873 "That chair seemed to have had a special erotic attraction." 621 00:40:33,040 --> 00:40:35,919 "All of this was going on in the Reich Chancellery. 622 00:40:36,000 --> 00:40:40,756 "And don't forget, some of the bunker people, Kempka, Burgdorf and Bormann," 623 00:40:40,840 --> 00:40:45,198 "would cruise out from time to time. They were in on the binge." 624 00:40:49,160 --> 00:40:50,958 (CLOCK TICKING) 625 00:40:56,240 --> 00:41:00,711 NARRATOR: Martin Bormann, the Nazi party secretary is, like his master, 626 00:41:00,800 --> 00:41:03,360 still desperately clinging to power. 627 00:41:04,400 --> 00:41:07,074 After conferring with Hitler, he now sends a message 628 00:41:07,160 --> 00:41:11,119 to one of Hitler's generals, urging the troops to keep fighting. 629 00:41:12,200 --> 00:41:13,679 It is becoming ever clearer to us 630 00:41:13,760 --> 00:41:16,229 that the divisions in the combat sector of Berlin 631 00:41:16,320 --> 00:41:20,917 have been marking time for many days instead of blasting the Führer free. 632 00:41:21,240 --> 00:41:23,800 The Führer orders you to take measures against all traitors 633 00:41:23,880 --> 00:41:25,678 immediately and ruthlessly. 634 00:41:25,760 --> 00:41:29,071 The Führer lives and leads the defence of Berlin. 635 00:41:30,680 --> 00:41:32,478 (EXPLOSIONS) 636 00:41:34,520 --> 00:41:37,956 NARRATOR: This order, to deal with traitors ruthlessly, has been constantly 637 00:41:38,040 --> 00:41:41,874 reiterated by the Nazi leadership over the last 10 days. 638 00:41:41,960 --> 00:41:45,112 Since the siege of Berlin began, fanatical SS units 639 00:41:45,200 --> 00:41:49,353 have been daubing graffiti, urging the German soldiers to fight to the death. 640 00:41:49,440 --> 00:41:51,875 Those that refuse are hanged for desertion. 641 00:41:51,960 --> 00:41:55,237 By now, the streets are littered with the corpses of thousands of Germans, 642 00:41:55,320 --> 00:41:57,516 executed by their own side. 643 00:41:57,600 --> 00:42:01,594 But even these extreme measures cannot halt the Russian advance. 644 00:42:03,200 --> 00:42:04,918 (EXPLOSIONS) 645 00:42:06,280 --> 00:42:10,672 General Frederick Mohnke, the Commandant of the area around the Relchstag, 646 00:42:10,760 --> 00:42:14,037 now arrives for his regular 6:00 a.m. briefing. 647 00:42:16,880 --> 00:42:18,880 I discovered Hitler sitting on the edge of his bed, 648 00:42:18,920 --> 00:42:21,355 "wearing a dressing gown over his pyjamas. 649 00:42:21,440 --> 00:42:23,078 "The bed had not been slept in. 650 00:42:23,160 --> 00:42:26,596 "Hitler gazed blankly at the wall as I gave my report. 651 00:42:26,680 --> 00:42:30,674 "The Russians have reached the Wilhelmstrasse about four blocks away." 652 00:42:30,760 --> 00:42:33,513 "On Potsdamer Platz, the communists are less than 500 metres" 653 00:42:33,600 --> 00:42:35,876 “from the Reich Chancellery. 654 00:42:36,400 --> 00:42:39,313 "He asked me how much longer I could hold out." 655 00:42:39,400 --> 00:42:43,837 I told Hitler the truth. 'My Führer, soldier to soldier, I can no longer 656 00:42:43,920 --> 00:42:46,719 "guarantee that my troops can hold for more than one day." 657 00:42:46,800 --> 00:42:50,680 "I expect a frontal, mass tank attack tomorrow at dawn, May 1st" 658 00:42:50,760 --> 00:42:53,912 "You know what May 1st means to the Russians.'" 659 00:43:05,600 --> 00:43:09,639 NARRATOR: Red Army commander Marshall Zukhov knows he has less than 24 hours 660 00:43:09,720 --> 00:43:13,554 to fulfill Stalin's ultimatum to storm the Relchstag. 661 00:43:13,640 --> 00:43:17,235 The frontline troops are just 300 metres from the old German parliament, 662 00:43:17,320 --> 00:43:20,392 but the no man's land that separates them is heavily defended. 663 00:43:20,480 --> 00:43:22,312 The Russians decide to soften up the building 664 00:43:22,400 --> 00:43:24,835 with an intense, short-range artillery barrage. 665 00:43:24,920 --> 00:43:27,480 And now, they open fire with over 90 guns. 666 00:43:31,120 --> 00:43:32,918 (CLOCK TICKING) 667 00:43:34,920 --> 00:43:38,356 Nursing a hangover, Martin Bormann has just woken up. 668 00:43:39,200 --> 00:43:42,113 Since he became Hitler's chief administrator two years ago, 669 00:43:42,200 --> 00:43:45,352 Bormann has controlled all access to the Führer. 670 00:43:47,040 --> 00:43:50,158 The devious secretary has used his power to isolate Hitler 671 00:43:50,240 --> 00:43:52,197 from even his closest advisors. 672 00:43:52,280 --> 00:43:55,716 But despite Bormann's machinations, he has never been able to turn Hitler 673 00:43:55,800 --> 00:44:00,033 against his greatest rival, Hermann Himmler, the head of the SS. 674 00:44:02,120 --> 00:44:05,317 But for the last two days, Reuters has been broadcasting rumours 675 00:44:05,400 --> 00:44:07,835 that Himmler has been negotiating with the enemy. 676 00:44:07,920 --> 00:44:11,595 Although the Reich is imploding, Bormann sees this as an opportunity 677 00:44:11,680 --> 00:44:13,637 to eliminate his rival 678 00:44:13,960 --> 00:44:15,030 (MARCHING BAND PLAYING) 679 00:44:15,120 --> 00:44:18,272 Hermann Himmler had been at Hitler's side since the beginning, 680 00:44:18,360 --> 00:44:21,318 and Hitler always considered him his most trusted lieutenant 681 00:44:21,400 --> 00:44:23,471 Hitler's faith in his loyalty was so great 682 00:44:23,560 --> 00:44:27,030 that he affectionately called him "Der True Hermann." 683 00:44:30,520 --> 00:44:34,400 Now Bormann convinces Hitler that Himmler should be arrested. 684 00:44:35,040 --> 00:44:37,919 The paranoid leader authorises his request. 685 00:44:43,160 --> 00:44:48,030 Martin Bormann now despatches the order to have Reichsführer Himmler arrested. 686 00:44:52,440 --> 00:44:55,273 A new treason afoot. According to enemy radio, 687 00:44:55,360 --> 00:44:58,716 Relchsführer has made surrender proposal via Sweden. 688 00:44:58,800 --> 00:45:02,430 Führer expects you to act against all traitors with lightning speed 689 00:45:02,520 --> 00:45:04,511 and as hard as steel 690 00:45:07,200 --> 00:45:11,319 This is the last message which will ever be sent from the bunker. 691 00:45:14,000 --> 00:45:18,198 Until yesterday, Hitler was relying on cyanide capsules supplied by Himmler 692 00:45:18,280 --> 00:45:19,998 to commit suicide. 693 00:45:20,720 --> 00:45:22,313 But the news of Himmler's betrayal 694 00:45:22,400 --> 00:45:26,917 prompted Hitler to have the poison tested on his favourite pet. 695 00:45:29,880 --> 00:45:33,635 Major Otto Günsche, a career SS officer, was there. 696 00:45:34,560 --> 00:45:38,269 "Blondie, Hitler's dog, was poisoned in the toilet." 697 00:45:38,360 --> 00:45:40,749 I found the toilet occupied by Professor Haase 698 00:45:40,840 --> 00:45:43,753 "and Sergeant Tornow, Hitler's dog trainer." 699 00:45:45,720 --> 00:45:49,395 "Haase was holding in his hands an ampoule and a pair of pliers." 700 00:45:51,400 --> 00:45:54,119 "Tornow forced her mouth open and Haase reached into it," 701 00:45:54,200 --> 00:45:56,476 "crushing the ampoule with his pliers." 702 00:45:56,560 --> 00:45:57,630 (BLONDIE WHIMPERING) 703 00:45:57,720 --> 00:46:00,712 "The cyanide poison acted almost immediately. 704 00:46:02,120 --> 00:46:04,953 "I'd heard Hitler say that he wanted to test the poison 705 00:46:05,040 --> 00:46:06,917 "because it had been given to him by Himmler," 706 00:46:07,000 --> 00:46:09,992 "and one could no longer be sure of Himmler." 707 00:46:12,720 --> 00:46:15,599 "Soon after that, Hitler showed up and went into the toilet 708 00:46:15,680 --> 00:46:17,557 "to make sure Blondie was dead. 709 00:46:18,360 --> 00:46:21,159 "He did not say a word or betray any emotion." 710 00:46:21,240 --> 00:46:23,675 "A moment later, he disappeared." 711 00:46:28,280 --> 00:46:30,078 (CLOCK TICKING) 712 00:46:30,760 --> 00:46:31,989 (EXPLOSIONS) 713 00:46:32,080 --> 00:46:35,311 NARRATOR: Hitler's secretary is a war widow at 24. 714 00:46:36,800 --> 00:46:41,397 "The bunker shook with the thundering of the Russian artillery bombardment." 715 00:46:41,720 --> 00:46:45,873 "We knew that the enemy would be at the door in a matter of hours." 716 00:46:46,800 --> 00:46:49,440 NARRATOR: When Traudl Junge heard the news of Himmler's betrayal, 717 00:46:49,520 --> 00:46:51,875 she was with Eva Braun, Hitler's mistress, 718 00:46:51,960 --> 00:46:53,792 who is also living in the bunker. 719 00:46:55,880 --> 00:46:58,235 This was the scene two days ago. 720 00:46:59,360 --> 00:47:03,433 "Eva Braun was red-eyed with crying because the wayward Hermann Fegeleln, 721 00:47:03,520 --> 00:47:05,909 "her brother-in-law, had been condemned to death." 722 00:47:06,000 --> 00:47:10,073 "He was shot like a dog in the grounds of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs." 723 00:47:11,880 --> 00:47:16,351 NARRATOR: Hermann Fegeleln married Eva Braun's sister Gretl in 1944, 724 00:47:20,280 --> 00:47:22,874 His boss Himmler was the best man. 725 00:47:23,840 --> 00:47:26,514 When the news of Himmler's betrayal reached the bunker, 726 00:47:26,600 --> 00:47:28,910 Fegelein tried to flee Berlin. 727 00:47:30,120 --> 00:47:32,430 Hitler had him hunted down and shot. 728 00:47:32,520 --> 00:47:34,079 (GUN FIRES) 729 00:47:34,160 --> 00:47:37,994 Despite the fact that her brother-in-law had just been executed an hour earlier, 730 00:47:38,080 --> 00:47:42,995 at midnight on the 28th of April, Eva Braun agreed to marry Adolf Hitler. 731 00:47:48,640 --> 00:47:51,837 "When one speaks of the wedding ceremony of Hitler and Eva Braun," 732 00:47:51,920 --> 00:47:55,356 "one tends to imagine a relatively cheerful occasion." 733 00:47:57,480 --> 00:48:01,678 "But the atmosphere in which it took place should be taken into account 734 00:48:01,760 --> 00:48:05,151 "Nothing was done to relieve the sinister decor of the bunker 735 00:48:05,240 --> 00:48:09,029 "beyond moving into a small map room a table and a few seats. 736 00:48:09,880 --> 00:48:12,838 "It was a union of two people in extremis. 737 00:48:13,760 --> 00:48:15,239 "Both of whom had already made" 738 00:48:15,320 --> 00:48:18,551 "an irrevocable decision to take their own lives." 739 00:48:19,800 --> 00:48:22,360 NARRATOR: The service was performed by Walter Wagner, 740 00:48:22,440 --> 00:48:25,956 who had been brought across Berlin under incessant fire. 741 00:48:26,040 --> 00:48:28,634 The only other people present were Goebbels and Bormann, 742 00:48:28,720 --> 00:48:31,519 who acted as witnesses to the marriage. 743 00:48:32,320 --> 00:48:36,917 "While she was signing her name, Eva began to write the letter B for 'Braun". 744 00:48:37,000 --> 00:48:38,832 "When she realised her mistake," 745 00:48:38,920 --> 00:48:41,799 "she crossed it out and wrote 'Eva Hitler'." 746 00:48:45,960 --> 00:48:50,431 NARRATOR: Afterwards there was a muted party attended by Traudl Junge. 747 00:48:50,520 --> 00:48:53,797 "The wedding feast consisted of a few bottles of champagne" 748 00:48:53,880 --> 00:48:55,951 and some sandwiches. 749 00:48:56,040 --> 00:49:00,398 "We all stood around the table and raised our glasses to Eva and Adolf." 750 00:49:02,320 --> 00:49:04,277 "Not a word was spoken." 751 00:49:05,080 --> 00:49:08,675 "How could we toast the future of the bride and groom?" 752 00:49:10,960 --> 00:49:12,234 (CLOCK TICKING) 753 00:49:13,160 --> 00:49:14,912 (EXPLOSIONS) 754 00:49:17,560 --> 00:49:21,155 NARRATOR: The overall military commander of Berlin, General Weilding, 755 00:49:21,240 --> 00:49:23,959 knows that with his troops surrounded, their only hope of survival 756 00:49:24,040 --> 00:49:26,600 is to abandon their positions around the Relchstag 757 00:49:26,680 --> 00:49:28,910 and attempt to break through the Russian lines. 758 00:49:29,000 --> 00:49:31,799 But only Hitler can authorise this action. 759 00:49:33,360 --> 00:49:36,352 I went to the briefing with a heavy heart 760 00:49:37,280 --> 00:49:40,318 "The struggle was devoid of sense or purpose." 761 00:49:42,120 --> 00:49:44,873 "The position of our troops have been entered on the map 762 00:49:44,960 --> 00:49:47,713 "on the basis of reports by foreign radio stations 763 00:49:47,800 --> 00:49:51,509 "because our own staffs were no longer reporting them. 764 00:49:51,600 --> 00:49:55,389 "Catastrophe was inevitable. If the Führer did not reverse his decision 765 00:49:55,480 --> 00:49:58,120 "to defend Berlin to the last man," 766 00:49:58,640 --> 00:50:01,758 "would he sacrifice all who were still alive and fighting" 767 00:50:01,840 --> 00:50:04,229 “for the sake of a crazy ideal? 768 00:50:10,320 --> 00:50:13,438 "As before, he refused to surrender Berlin." 769 00:50:14,000 --> 00:50:15,638 (EXPLOSIONS) 770 00:50:18,160 --> 00:50:19,958 (CLOCK TICKING) 771 00:50:22,440 --> 00:50:24,317 NARRATOR: For two years, Otto Günsche 772 00:50:24,400 --> 00:50:26,630 has been Hitler's adjutant and trusted aid. 773 00:50:26,720 --> 00:50:29,758 He now takes up the story inside the bunker. 774 00:50:31,480 --> 00:50:33,437 "Hitler summoned me to his chambers. 775 00:50:33,520 --> 00:50:35,716 "He informed me that his generals had failed him 776 00:50:35,800 --> 00:50:37,598 "and the Russians were upon us. 777 00:50:37,680 --> 00:50:40,957 "He said he did not want his body to be displayed in a freak show. 778 00:50:41,040 --> 00:50:43,190 "His use of this expression was because of the shock" 779 00:50:43,280 --> 00:50:45,840 "of what had happened to Mussolini." 780 00:50:46,920 --> 00:50:49,833 NARRATOR: The Italian fascist had been Hitler's inspiration 781 00:50:49,920 --> 00:50:53,072 and the two dictators remained friends throughout the war. 782 00:50:53,160 --> 00:50:56,471 But the news reached the bunker last night at 10:30 p.m. 783 00:50:56,560 --> 00:51:00,235 Hitler's old friend had been shot by partisans, and along with his mistress, 784 00:51:00,320 --> 00:51:04,518 Clara Petacel, hung up by his feet so the crowd could spit on him. 785 00:51:05,240 --> 00:51:09,154 Hitler was determined the same thing should not happen to him. 786 00:51:09,360 --> 00:51:11,954 "He instructed me to find as much gasoline as I could," 787 00:51:12,040 --> 00:51:15,920 "as I was to be personally responsible for burning his corpse." 788 00:51:16,440 --> 00:51:19,717 I agreed and set about my macabre task.” 789 00:51:21,840 --> 00:51:23,319 (EXPLOSIONS) 790 00:51:24,800 --> 00:51:28,555 NARRATOR: Above ground, the citizens of Berlin are starving. 791 00:51:29,840 --> 00:51:32,150 There have been food shortages for months, 792 00:51:32,240 --> 00:51:36,313 but the siege of the last 10 days has left them utterly desperate. 793 00:51:36,400 --> 00:51:39,631 This rotten horse is a delicacy in a city where the population 794 00:51:39,720 --> 00:51:42,030 have been reduced to making coffee from acorns 795 00:51:42,120 --> 00:51:45,351 and attempting to eat the leather from their shoes. 796 00:51:45,440 --> 00:51:48,910 With the fighting front now concentrated around just two square miles 797 00:51:49,000 --> 00:51:50,115 at the centre of the city, 798 00:51:50,200 --> 00:51:53,909 a lucky few in the suburbs receive food from the Russians. 799 00:51:55,640 --> 00:51:57,438 (CLOCK TICKING) 800 00:51:59,920 --> 00:52:01,593 For the last six months in the bunker, 801 00:52:01,680 --> 00:52:04,638 Hitler has eaten lunch with his secretaries every day. 802 00:52:04,720 --> 00:52:08,953 Frau Gerda Christian now attends what will be Hitler's final meal 803 00:52:12,760 --> 00:52:16,469 "It was around 12:30 when my relief, Traudl Junge, arrived." 804 00:52:20,240 --> 00:52:24,438 "Hitler, for old times' sake, invited both of us secretaries" 805 00:52:24,520 --> 00:52:28,673 "along with Fraulein Manziarly to join him for lunch at 1:00." 806 00:52:31,480 --> 00:52:35,792 "We ate at the small table in Hitler's study, the so-called Map Room. 807 00:52:36,200 --> 00:52:39,158 "It was a melancholy and rather tasteless repast." 808 00:52:39,240 --> 00:52:41,629 "Spaghetti and a tossed salad." 809 00:52:43,320 --> 00:52:45,072 (EXPLOSIONS) 810 00:52:45,520 --> 00:52:48,592 "Very little was said, certainly nothing new." 811 00:52:49,040 --> 00:52:52,715 "This was the very last lunch and everybody knew it" 812 00:52:54,800 --> 00:52:58,316 NARRATOR: Traudl Junge is also present at the meal. 813 00:52:58,400 --> 00:53:01,631 "The conversation at table was the same as the day before 814 00:53:01,720 --> 00:53:04,712 "and the day before that, and for days past. 815 00:53:05,360 --> 00:53:08,591 "Hitler's opinions on the proper mating of dogs, 816 00:53:08,680 --> 00:53:13,754 "his conviction that French lipstick was made from grease gathered In the sewers. 817 00:53:13,840 --> 00:53:18,038 "With Hitler soon to be gone, the breakout would be our only hope. 818 00:53:18,360 --> 00:53:21,796 "This was a harrowing thought for all three of us women." 819 00:53:21,920 --> 00:53:25,436 "The Berlin rape stories had given us the shudders." 820 00:53:31,640 --> 00:53:35,634 The second wave of Russian troops bring perhaps the greatest horror of all 821 00:53:35,720 --> 00:53:38,439 for the female population of Berlin. 822 00:53:38,760 --> 00:53:42,719 Intent on revenge after four years of war, Hi-disciplined Russian soldiers 823 00:53:42,800 --> 00:53:45,360 have embarked on an orgy of rape. 824 00:53:45,440 --> 00:53:48,000 From the youngest girls to the eldest grandmothers, 825 00:53:48,080 --> 00:53:53,075 at least 100,000 women were violated in these final days in Berlin. 826 00:53:53,840 --> 00:53:58,471 As many as 10,000 of them died as a result, most of them suicides. 827 00:54:00,520 --> 00:54:04,400 Back on the frontline, the Russian artillery barrage now ends 828 00:54:04,480 --> 00:54:09,031 and the first wave of infantry begin their assault on the Reichstag, 829 00:54:09,120 --> 00:54:11,839 just 250 metres from Hitler's bunker. 830 00:54:13,040 --> 00:54:14,951 (EXPLOSIONS) 831 00:54:16,520 --> 00:54:18,397 With the Red Army almost at the door, 832 00:54:18,480 --> 00:54:21,393 Hitler summons his last remaining followers. 833 00:54:21,760 --> 00:54:25,310 All of them are now planning how they might escape the bunker. 834 00:54:25,400 --> 00:54:27,232 There are no great final words. 835 00:54:27,320 --> 00:54:31,154 Just a muted thank you, a handshake and a muttered goodbye. 836 00:54:32,200 --> 00:54:34,635 Everyone present knows that Hitler has in his room 837 00:54:34,720 --> 00:54:37,633 two pistols and two cyanide capsules. 838 00:54:38,640 --> 00:54:41,519 Just as they retire, Magda Goebbels rushes up. 839 00:54:42,840 --> 00:54:47,198 And now, she suddenly begs Hitler once more to consider leaving Berlin. 840 00:54:47,880 --> 00:54:49,632 But Hitler refuses. 841 00:54:49,880 --> 00:54:51,393 (DOOR CLOSES) 842 00:54:52,880 --> 00:54:56,032 Now Magda is committed to carry out her husband's promise. 843 00:54:56,120 --> 00:54:59,238 That if Hitler dies, they will poison their children 844 00:54:59,320 --> 00:55:01,630 before killing themselves. 845 00:55:02,800 --> 00:55:05,872 Günsche now takes a position outside Hitler's door to ensure 846 00:55:05,960 --> 00:55:10,079 the double suicide they have been waiting for is not interrupted. 847 00:55:10,480 --> 00:55:12,278 (CLOCK TICKING) 848 00:55:14,600 --> 00:55:16,716 As Zukhov's troops charge across the no man's land 849 00:55:16,800 --> 00:55:20,156 in front of the old German parliament, they suffer heavy losses. 850 00:55:20,240 --> 00:55:21,674 But by sheer weight of numbers, 851 00:55:21,760 --> 00:55:25,879 the Red Army soldiers manage to fight their way into the building. 852 00:55:26,480 --> 00:55:29,313 The Russians succeed in capturing a number of German troops 853 00:55:29,400 --> 00:55:31,676 who have been holding out in the cellar. 854 00:55:31,760 --> 00:55:34,639 But as the Red Army reach the first floor, they are pinned down 855 00:55:34,720 --> 00:55:38,679 by the fanatical SS garrison who still hold the upper levels. 856 00:55:40,000 --> 00:55:44,153 The Russians have less than seven hours to complete their mission. 857 00:55:45,440 --> 00:55:48,398 Otto Günsche has been waiting for 15 minutes. 858 00:55:50,840 --> 00:55:54,390 I did not hear a shot, but I saw Linge open the door to Hitler's office, 859 00:55:54,480 --> 00:55:56,994 "and Linge and Bormann go inside. 860 00:55:57,400 --> 00:56:01,871 "Things had to happen quickly now because the Russians were at the door. 861 00:56:01,960 --> 00:56:03,951 "Eva Braun was lying on the sofa. 862 00:56:04,040 --> 00:56:08,432 "The body was completely still, the eyes were open. Eva Braun was dead. 863 00:56:09,800 --> 00:56:11,996 "Hitler himself sat in an armchair." 864 00:56:12,080 --> 00:56:16,472 "I saw blood and a dark discolouration. The Führer was dead." 865 00:56:17,640 --> 00:56:19,995 NARRATOR: With the Russians less than 200 metres away, 866 00:56:20,080 --> 00:56:22,151 Hitler's valet, Waldo Linge, 867 00:56:22,240 --> 00:56:24,959 describes the disposal of the corpses. 868 00:56:25,640 --> 00:56:28,678 "The petrol was immediately poured over the bodies." 869 00:56:28,760 --> 00:56:32,469 i twisted a piece of paper which Bormann lit with a match. 870 00:56:32,560 --> 00:56:36,519 "When the petrol caught fire, a gigantic flame shot upwards." 871 00:56:37,400 --> 00:56:41,075 "All of those present gave Hitler a final salute." 872 00:56:42,400 --> 00:56:45,040 This was how the 1,000-year Reich came to an end, 873 00:56:45,120 --> 00:56:49,637 with Hitler's body burning, unattended, in a bombed-out wasteland. 874 00:56:55,080 --> 00:56:59,790 Seven hours after Hitler's suicide, men from the 150th Rifle Regiment 875 00:56:59,880 --> 00:57:03,635 make a final attempt to reach the roof of the old German parliament 876 00:57:03,720 --> 00:57:07,076 After a day of brutal fighting and enormous casualties, 877 00:57:07,160 --> 00:57:11,040 the standard-bearers finally succeed in reaching their goal 878 00:57:11,320 --> 00:57:15,029 The Red Flag at last hung triumphantly from the Relchstag. 879 00:57:16,120 --> 00:57:19,192 Although these pictures were faked by the Russians two days later, 880 00:57:19,280 --> 00:57:24,275 this actually happened at 10:50 p.m. on the 30th of April, 1945. 881 00:57:24,520 --> 00:57:27,433 The same day that Hitler committed suicide. 882 00:57:29,920 --> 00:57:33,151 That bullet meant the German army could at last surrender 883 00:57:33,240 --> 00:57:36,358 and peace negotiations began that same evening. 884 00:57:36,840 --> 00:57:41,710 Zukhov had achieved his goal and Stalin would get his triumphant May Day Parade. 885 00:57:42,880 --> 00:57:47,238 On May 7th, 1945, the war in Europe was officially over. 886 00:57:48,960 --> 00:57:52,510 The witnesses to Hitler's last hours were captured by the Allies 887 00:57:52,600 --> 00:57:56,150 and eventually provided detailed accounts of his death. 888 00:57:56,720 --> 00:58:01,271 At least 40 million people had already died during Hitler's awful reign, 889 00:58:01,360 --> 00:58:04,034 and in the final apocalyptic days in Berlin, 890 00:58:04,120 --> 00:58:08,432 Hitler had thrown what was left of the German people into the flames. 891 00:58:09,720 --> 00:58:13,759 In 1914, a single bullet started the First World War, 892 00:58:13,840 --> 00:58:17,515 and it was just a single bullet, less than 31 years later, 893 00:58:17,600 --> 00:58:21,673 which finally brought the era of global conflict to an end.