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to speak with you, thank you for
joining us. Inside

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to speak with you, thank you for
joining us. Inside Dior

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Today, we're settling an age-old
argument as well as revealing why

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the latest celebrity-backed food fad
isn't all it's cracked up to be.

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You know, it's been called
a superfood, but believe me,

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there's nothing super about it and
that's just one of the headlines

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in today's programme that you'd be
better off ignoring completely.

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Every day, we're bombarded
with conflicting information

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about our favourite foods.

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One minute we're told something's
good for us, the next, it's not.

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And we're left feeling guilty
about what we're eating.

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But we've been wading
through the confusion

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to separate the scare stories
from the truth

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so you can choose your food
with confidence.

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Hello and welcome to
Food: Truth Or Scare?

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Now, this is a series that referees
those endless arguments

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in the papers and online

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about how the food we eat
really affects our health.

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And today, we'll be getting to grips

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with two things that we often
read about in the papers -

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a celebrity-endorsed food fad

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and that regular claim
that when it comes to our diet,

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things are a lot worse
than they used to be.

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But if, like us, you're fed up of
reading doom-laden stories

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about how badly we eat

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and how our choices are going
to put us in an early grave,

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you'll be delighted to hear
that in today's programme,

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as well as settling an argument
that's been raging for years,

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we've got a bit of good news
as well.

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Thank goodness for that.

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Coming up... It's the trendiest fat
on the supermarket shelves,

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but I've been investigating
the dark side of coconut oil.

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I've got friends who have done all
kinds of things with coconut oil,

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thinking it's going to help
with all kinds of problems

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and actually, it's probably not.

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And which generation of the same
family has the best diet?

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We'll see if today's teens
really eat as badly
as the headlines suggest.

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I do sort of fall victim to a lot
of, like, toast or spaghetti hoops.

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Now, Chris, you know that the foods
we choose to eat every day

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keep us nice and healthy and fit,

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but we hear a lot about foods
with supposed superpowers.

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You can't believe it.
They apparently transform our health

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almost single-handedly,

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and those claims are made
all the more convincing

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when they're being made
by a high-profile celebrity.

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Well, there seems to be a new one
every January

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as the post-Christmas health drive
kicks in

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for so many wanting to get over
their festive indulgence.

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And all it takes is for
a big name to get behind a food fad

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and suddenly it's everywhere.

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Now, one of the latest fads
that you simply can't have missed

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is that of coconut oil.

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You know, so much has been written
about it in recent years,

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you'd be forgiven for thinking
it really does have superpowers.

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So I wanted to find out whether
there's any truth in the claims

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that have been sending the nation
coco-nuts and, I'm afraid,

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I've discovered a very big coco-but.

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It's the hottest food trend
in years.

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My daughter is into health foods
and she's introduced us recently

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to using it more in our diet.

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Coconut oil has been credited
with just about everything

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from boosting the immune system
to improving your memory...

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Coconut oil, yeah, is a healthier
one than a lot of them out there.

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..lowering your blood pressure
to preventing heart disease.

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Well, I use coconut oil for cooking,

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although I'm not sure what
the long-term benefits are,

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or any benefit, really. It's just
something I've read about

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and, you know, I have been using it.

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Judging by the headlines

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and endorsements from celebrities
like Gwyneth Paltrow,

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coconut oil is a bona fide
superfood.

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I was in the Caribbean and every
person I spoke to was constantly

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going on about how much coconuts
were very good for you.

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Even when it was in a cocktail,
presumably. Yes. Even in a cocktail.

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But despite those headlines
extolling its virtues,

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there are plenty of others
determined to knock the coconut
off its pedestal.

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Now, I have to admit
there is a jar of coconut oil

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in my kitchen cupboard too.

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My husband bought it
after he heard

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how amazing it was supposed to be.

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But before we could use it,

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we read some of those
more damning headlines.

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As a result, it's sitting there
unopened and, honestly,

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I don't really know
what to do with it.

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So to find out whether my jar
of coconut oil deserves a place

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in my kitchen cupboards
or my kitchen bin,

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I meeting someone who's been
using it all her life.

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Hi, Priya. Hi.

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How are you doing? Good, thank you.

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Dietician Priya grew up
in Sri Lanka,

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where coconut is used a lot
in cooking.

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And she's watched with interest

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as coconut oil has
taken Britain by storm.

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Now, Priya, suddenly we seem to have
coconut everything,

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and coconut oil, you know,
just being such a fad, really.

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How do these things build up?

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It definitely seems to be the trendy
thing to do to, you know,

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put coconut in absolutely everything
that you possibly can.

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I've got friends who have done all
kinds of things with coconut oil.

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So, they've been swilling it around
their mouths

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and thinking it's going to help with
all kinds of problems,

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and actually, it's probably not.

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So, just for the record, let's
analyse exactly what coconut oil is.

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So, coconut oil is a solid fat

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that then, when you heat it up,

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it becomes a liquid
and you can use it for cooking.

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And it also comes like a cream,
really, like a lard.

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Yes, absolutely, it's a very similar
consistency to lard.

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But presumably,
given all those headlines,

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you'd expect it's going to be
better for us.

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Now, as a nation,
we've become used to

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seeing our favourite fads
go in and out of fashion.

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In the '70s, we fell out of love
with lard.

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In the '80s and '90s,

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as we all learned that saturated fat
was bad for the heart,

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we swapped vegetable oil for olive
oil and butter for low-fat spread.

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Then, a few short years ago,
coconut oil arrived with a bang.

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But is it any better than
the fats that came before it?

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Well, Priya and I have a test
for these shoppers

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to see which household fat
they think is the most healthy.

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And do you know? They might be
in for a big surprise.

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What we'd like you to do is
to pour into the test tube

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the amount of liquid that you think
represents the saturated fat.

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The level of saturated fat is
a key indicator of how healthy

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or indeed unhealthy a fat is.

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So we're asking our volunteers
to fill up these tubes to show us

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what percentage of saturated fat
they think is in

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not just coconut oil, but also lard,
butter and first up, olive oil.

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OK. So this is...

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Like, 15%. About 15%.

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That's now 30%.

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OK, so you think 20%.

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So that's 20%. OK.

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It's not a bad guess. Pretty good.
Actually, it's 13%.

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So, there's less saturated fat in
olive oil than our shoppers guessed,

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but will they do any better
with the butter?

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How much saturated fat
in the butter?

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I would say probably more like 25%.

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OK. So, again, 30%. 30%.

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You're taking it up further.

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25.

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25%, OK. 25%, OK.

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In fact, this butter is made up of
around 49% saturated fat.

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So what about the lard?

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It's actually 46%.

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Now, I was surprised at that. 46?

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So that's 46% saturated fat
in lard,

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49% in butter and 13% in olive oil.

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With coconut oil's supposed
health benefits,

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surely it's going to be even lower,

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and certainly, that's what
our shoppers thought.

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5% there, maybe.

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5%. Now, why did you go for 5%?

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Less. Yeah, it's five. Yeah.

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Do you think it is really healthy?

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I think so. Yeah.

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OK. On saturated fats, it should be
less than all the others.

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Less than all the others. OK.

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Ready? Here we go.

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Keep watching, Maria.

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No!

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No!

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No way!

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92%. 92%.

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So, it's not so healthy.

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Oh, my goodness.
Now, most experts agree

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that eating too much saturated fat
is one of the causes

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of heart disease, and I, for one,
am gobsmacked

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that the oil that we're all told
is supposedly healthier

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than the rest actually has almost
double the saturated fat of lard.

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I think there is
this overriding idea

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that coconut oil is really healthy
and we should be using it,

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but when you actually look at
the amount of saturated fat in it,

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it's quite a showing, isn't it?

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And do you think
it's a psychological thing

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because it's the coconut,
and we imagine a coconut,

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just fallen from the tree,
it's got to be healthy?

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I think it's actually
the information

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that's been out there on
social media and in the media

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that there's been all this
information and all these headlines,

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saying, coconut is really good
for you.

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And therefore people equate
that with,

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it can't be very high
in saturated fat, then.

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Well, one person who's definitely
bought into those headlines

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and social media messages saying
coconut oil is good for us

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is yoga instructor Kat Allen
from Tunbridge Wells.

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I first started using coconut-based
products about five years ago

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when I read about all of
the research about how healthy

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it was meant to be for you.
I really like coconut oil.

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I like the taste
and I like cooking with it

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and I like the health benefits
that it's meant to have.

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Keen to learn more about
coconut oil,

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Kat's agreed to meet Priya
at her home.

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I understand that you're really
into using coconut products.

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Yes. I cook everything in coconut
oil for myself and my husband.

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So, for some people,

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they choose coconut products because
they think they're healthier.

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Is that something
that you've ever thought about?

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I have read that it's healthier,
yes.

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Kat's love of coconut oil is based
on widespread reports

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that it can increase
our good cholesterol,

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which has been associated with
a reduced risk of heart disease.

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But Priya says it's not that simple.

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When we look at what happens
when you eat coconut oil,

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we know that it raises the levels
of your good cholesterol,

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which is your HDL cholesterol.

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So, some people would say,
well, that's a good thing.

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However, it also raises the levels
of your total cholesterol,

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which is the one
that's not so good for you.

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Now, that doesn't mean Priya thinks

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coconut oil should be banned
from Kat's kitchen altogether.

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As someone who grew up eating it,
she knows it can taste great.

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But Priya says that,
if Kat has chosen coconut oil
for health reasons,

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she's plumped for the wrong fat.

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I think coconut oil is something to
use sparingly and in moderation,

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so if you're cooking something
where you want the flavour,

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then, yes, it gives
a really lovely flavour.

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But if you're just doing
everyday cooking

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and you don't want
that coconut flavour

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and you're thinking
about your heart health,

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then olive oil is going to be
a better choice.

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And, of course,
as I found out earlier,

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that's because coconut oil contains
so much saturated fat.

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They both contain fat,
but coconut oil is 92% saturated fat

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and olive oil is only about 13%.

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Oh, yeah, that's a lot less.
It is, isn't it?

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But after years of using coconut oil
in place of almost

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every other fat, thinking it was
healthier, can Kat be convinced?

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Well, Priya's going to show her
a simple recipe

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that would be a lot better for her
if she used olive oil instead.

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But while they get cooking,
I'm interested in the harm

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that the army of devoted coconut oil
fans might be doing to themselves

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by using something with
such a high level of saturated fats.

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Victoria Taylor is
a senior heart health dietician

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from the British Heart Foundation

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who thinks this is a food craze
that's gone just too far.

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Now, Victoria,
we see all the time

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00:12:02,000 --> 00:12:04,000
coconut oil being marketed

239
00:12:04,000 --> 00:12:08,000
and being written about
in the headlines as a healthy oil.

240
00:12:08,000 --> 00:12:11,000
So, what is the British Heart
Foundation's take on all of that?

241
00:12:11,000 --> 00:12:14,000
Yeah, I mean, the marketing is
very alluring.

242
00:12:14,000 --> 00:12:18,000
It makes it sound like it's going to
help you to live forever, almost.

243
00:12:18,000 --> 00:12:22,000
And coconut oil is a saturated fat

244
00:12:22,000 --> 00:12:24,000
and 75% of the type
of saturated fat in it

245
00:12:24,000 --> 00:12:27,000
is the kind that will raise
your LDL cholesterol levels.

246
00:12:27,000 --> 00:12:31,000
That's the bad cholesterol.
And coupled with that, it's a fat,

247
00:12:31,000 --> 00:12:34,000
so it is one of the most
energy-dense nutrients there is.

248
00:12:34,000 --> 00:12:37,000
And we know that obesity is
a risk factor for heart disease,

249
00:12:37,000 --> 00:12:39,000
as is raised cholesterol levels.

250
00:12:39,000 --> 00:12:42,000
I have, though, read other headlines
that suggest

251
00:12:42,000 --> 00:12:45,000
that coconut oil
in terms of cholesterol

252
00:12:45,000 --> 00:12:48,000
is proportionally better for you
than some of the other oils.

253
00:12:48,000 --> 00:12:50,000
Now, is there any truth in that
at all?

254
00:12:50,000 --> 00:12:53,000
So, there is some suggestion
that it might be

255
00:12:53,000 --> 00:12:55,000
better than other saturated fats

256
00:12:55,000 --> 00:12:58,000
in terms of what it does
to your cholesterol levels.

257
00:12:58,000 --> 00:13:00,000
I would say that we're not there yet

258
00:13:00,000 --> 00:13:02,000
in terms of the quality
of the evidence

259
00:13:02,000 --> 00:13:05,000
that that suggestion is based on.

260
00:13:06,000 --> 00:13:09,000
And other experts would say
there simply isn't the evidence

261
00:13:09,000 --> 00:13:12,000
to substantiate other reported
benefits of coconut oil -

262
00:13:12,000 --> 00:13:14,000
from claims it can help
digestive problems

263
00:13:14,000 --> 00:13:18,000
to reports it can help
insulin resistance in diabetics.

264
00:13:18,000 --> 00:13:22,000
Ultimately, the consensus is
that despite the headlines,

265
00:13:22,000 --> 00:13:26,000
coconut oil is a fat and not
an especially good one.

266
00:13:26,000 --> 00:13:29,000
Is there anything good
in coconut oil?

267
00:13:29,000 --> 00:13:32,000
I think there are things like
polyphenolic compounds,

268
00:13:32,000 --> 00:13:34,000
which are kind of antioxidants

269
00:13:34,000 --> 00:13:38,000
and they are found
in the extra virgin coconut oil,

270
00:13:38,000 --> 00:13:40,000
but they will also be in other oils.

271
00:13:40,000 --> 00:13:43,000
They will be in fruit
and vegetables, you know,

272
00:13:43,000 --> 00:13:45,000
a whole range of other foods
can have them.

273
00:13:45,000 --> 00:13:48,000
So it really goes back to having
this varied and balanced diet

274
00:13:48,000 --> 00:13:50,000
and not just focusing
on a single food.

275
00:13:50,000 --> 00:13:53,000
And backing Priya's kitchen,

276
00:13:53,000 --> 00:13:56,000
that's just the message she's been
giving to coconut oil devotee Kat,

277
00:13:56,000 --> 00:13:58,000
who otherwise eats very healthily.

278
00:13:58,000 --> 00:14:02,000
Priya says that Kat shouldn't be
cooking every meal in coconut oil,

279
00:14:02,000 --> 00:14:07,000
but even without the health
benefits, Kat still loves the taste.

280
00:14:07,000 --> 00:14:09,000
So can a pair of stir-fries -

281
00:14:09,000 --> 00:14:13,000
one cooked in olive oil and one
in coconut oil - change her mind?

282
00:14:14,000 --> 00:14:16,000
Right, so, coconut oil.

283
00:14:17,000 --> 00:14:19,000
Yeah, nice flavour.

284
00:14:20,000 --> 00:14:22,000
And then the olive oil.

285
00:14:24,000 --> 00:14:26,000
So, a definite difference
between the two.

286
00:14:26,000 --> 00:14:28,000
I like them both.

287
00:14:28,000 --> 00:14:31,000
Probably a slight preference
for the coconut oil.

288
00:14:31,000 --> 00:14:34,000
But the olive oil is good too.

289
00:14:34,000 --> 00:14:37,000
But the main reason Kat used
coconut oil

290
00:14:37,000 --> 00:14:39,000
is because she thought
it was healthier.

291
00:14:39,000 --> 00:14:43,000
Now she knows it isn't,
maybe she'll be tempted to switch.

292
00:14:43,000 --> 00:14:45,000
In terms of taste preference,

293
00:14:45,000 --> 00:14:49,000
you would be fine having
more olive oil in your diet?

294
00:14:49,000 --> 00:14:52,000
I would. Because it's a good case
you've made.

295
00:14:52,000 --> 00:14:54,000
Is it? Yes. I've argued it well.

296
00:14:54,000 --> 00:14:56,000
This might be a result.

297
00:14:56,000 --> 00:15:04,000
It was really surprising how much
fat content there is in coconut oil.

298
00:15:04,000 --> 00:15:06,000
And I'd never appreciated

299
00:15:06,000 --> 00:15:11,000
that it was about five times
more fat than olive oil,

300
00:15:11,000 --> 00:15:13,000
and that's a lot.

301
00:15:13,000 --> 00:15:18,000
So, in the future, perhaps I won't
be using it quite as often.

302
00:15:25,000 --> 00:15:27,000
You've got a nice big family,
Gloria, haven't you?

303
00:15:27,000 --> 00:15:30,000
Yeah, we have, actually, including
ten grandchildren between us.

304
00:15:30,000 --> 00:15:31,000
That keeps us busy. I bet it does.

305
00:15:31,000 --> 00:15:34,000
But which generation
would you say has the best diet?

306
00:15:34,000 --> 00:15:36,000
I've often pondered that
and on reflection,

307
00:15:36,000 --> 00:15:39,000
I think maybe my parents, because
everything was cooked from scratch,

308
00:15:39,000 --> 00:15:41,000
everything grown in the garden,
so it was organic,

309
00:15:41,000 --> 00:15:44,000
and then, on the other hand, one of
my grandchildren, one of the ten,

310
00:15:44,000 --> 00:15:47,000
he's 19 and he's doing a bit of
modelling in the gap year.

311
00:15:47,000 --> 00:15:51,000
So conscious about health and food,
knows so much, and he'll say to me,

312
00:15:51,000 --> 00:15:54,000
"I've had my 12 a day
before breakfast today."

313
00:15:54,000 --> 00:15:55,000
That sounds brilliant,
but unfortunately,

314
00:15:55,000 --> 00:15:58,000
I think he might be the exception
rather than the rule. Probably.

315
00:15:58,000 --> 00:16:00,000
Because you can't move
for headlines like this

316
00:16:00,000 --> 00:16:03,000
saying that the young today
eat terribly. This one here,

317
00:16:03,000 --> 00:16:07,000
"Teenagers lead the retreat
from a healthy five a day."

318
00:16:07,000 --> 00:16:08,000
And the implication is always

319
00:16:08,000 --> 00:16:11,000
that our diet is worse today
than it was before.

320
00:16:11,000 --> 00:16:14,000
But I'm not entirely convinced
that's the case,

321
00:16:14,000 --> 00:16:17,000
so I've recruited a family
of three generations

322
00:16:17,000 --> 00:16:20,000
all living under the same roof
to help me find out,

323
00:16:20,000 --> 00:16:23,000
once and for all, not just which one
has the healthiest diet today,

324
00:16:23,000 --> 00:16:27,000
but over the years, which generation
has eaten the best.

325
00:16:29,000 --> 00:16:33,000
There's a fair few mouths to feed
in the Jerome household in Bristol.

326
00:16:33,000 --> 00:16:36,000
The youngest is 11
and the eldest is 90.

327
00:16:37,000 --> 00:16:41,000
Three generations of the same family
all living under one roof.

328
00:16:41,000 --> 00:16:43,000
They live together
and they eat together.

329
00:16:44,000 --> 00:16:47,000
But which generation
has the best diet?

330
00:16:47,000 --> 00:16:49,000
I'm paying them a visit to find out.

331
00:16:51,000 --> 00:16:55,000
Hello. Hello, Chris. Come in
out of the cold. How are we?

332
00:16:55,000 --> 00:16:58,000
Mealtimes are a big deal
in this house,

333
00:16:58,000 --> 00:17:01,000
but Sunday is one of the rare
occasions they all sit down

334
00:17:01,000 --> 00:17:03,000
at the same table
to eat the same thing.

335
00:17:03,000 --> 00:17:06,000
The rest of the week, they've all
got their own favourites.

336
00:17:07,000 --> 00:17:09,000
I'm pretty partial
to steak and chips.

337
00:17:09,000 --> 00:17:13,000
I'm also pretty partial to anything
that goes with a decent red wine.

338
00:17:13,000 --> 00:17:16,000
There's dad Simon and mum Jo,
both in their 50s,

339
00:17:16,000 --> 00:17:19,000
their kids, 11-year-old Josh
and 18-year-old Alice.

340
00:17:19,000 --> 00:17:23,000
And then, head of the table
is 87-year-old Grandma June

341
00:17:23,000 --> 00:17:26,000
and finally John,
who's 90 years old.

342
00:17:26,000 --> 00:17:30,000
So, which of the generations around
this table has the best diet?

343
00:17:30,000 --> 00:17:32,000
Because according to headline
after headline,

344
00:17:32,000 --> 00:17:34,000
one of them couldn't
be eating worse.

345
00:17:35,000 --> 00:17:38,000
18-year-old Alice and her mates
are in the age group

346
00:17:38,000 --> 00:17:41,000
that's said to drink a bath full
of sugary drinks a year,

347
00:17:41,000 --> 00:17:43,000
eat junk food twice a day
and could be on the road

348
00:17:43,000 --> 00:17:47,000
to developing some very serious
health problems as a result.

349
00:17:49,000 --> 00:17:52,000
So, will the Jerome family's
favourite meals give me a clue

350
00:17:52,000 --> 00:17:55,000
to who eats best
and indeed worst in this house?

351
00:17:56,000 --> 00:17:58,000
Well, I like Jo's bolognese.

352
00:17:58,000 --> 00:18:00,000
I like steak and chips.

353
00:18:00,000 --> 00:18:01,000
Steak and chips?

354
00:18:01,000 --> 00:18:03,000
Anything kind of covered in cheese
sounds good to me.

355
00:18:03,000 --> 00:18:07,000
And as for who they think
eats the healthiest?

356
00:18:07,000 --> 00:18:10,000
On the count of three,
can we all point to the person

357
00:18:10,000 --> 00:18:14,000
that we think has
the most healthy diet?

358
00:18:14,000 --> 00:18:16,000
Ready? One, two...

359
00:18:16,000 --> 00:18:18,000
three.

360
00:18:20,000 --> 00:18:22,000
Well, it's almost unanimous.

361
00:18:22,000 --> 00:18:25,000
Everyone here is pretty sure
it's Josh.

362
00:18:25,000 --> 00:18:27,000
Why do we think young Josh has got
the best diet?

363
00:18:27,000 --> 00:18:30,000
I think that he's learned from
everybody, all the generations,

364
00:18:30,000 --> 00:18:32,000
in terms of what's good to eat.

365
00:18:32,000 --> 00:18:36,000
He tries everything,
but also eats salad.

366
00:18:37,000 --> 00:18:40,000
But to see if they're right,
and to find out a bit more

367
00:18:40,000 --> 00:18:43,000
about whether the Jeromes are
typical of the rest of the nation,

368
00:18:43,000 --> 00:18:45,000
I'm setting them a little challenge.

369
00:18:45,000 --> 00:18:47,000
What I want you all to do,
if that's OK,

370
00:18:47,000 --> 00:18:52,000
is to keep a video diary of every
meal you have for the next week.

371
00:18:52,000 --> 00:18:54,000
Is that OK? Shall we do that?
Yeah?

372
00:18:55,000 --> 00:19:00,000
In a week's time, their food diaries
will undergo expert scrutiny

373
00:19:00,000 --> 00:19:02,000
to see who really has
the healthiest diet.

374
00:19:02,000 --> 00:19:05,000
And don't modify your diets
for the next seven days.

375
00:19:05,000 --> 00:19:07,000
I don't want to see everybody going,

376
00:19:07,000 --> 00:19:09,000
"Yeah, I'm just sitting down
to another quinoa salad."

377
00:19:11,000 --> 00:19:14,000
Even though Josh came out
top of the family's straw poll,

378
00:19:14,000 --> 00:19:16,000
he'll soon join big sister Alice
in a generation that,

379
00:19:16,000 --> 00:19:20,000
according to all those reports,
eats especially badly.

380
00:19:20,000 --> 00:19:24,000
There are more overweight and obese
teenagers now than ever before

381
00:19:24,000 --> 00:19:28,000
and less than one in ten young
people get their five-a-day.

382
00:19:28,000 --> 00:19:30,000
Yvonne Bishop-Weston
is a nutritionist

383
00:19:30,000 --> 00:19:34,000
who has studied family diet,
and for teens, it's not good.

384
00:19:36,000 --> 00:19:39,000
Is this generation of teenagers
eating a worse diet

385
00:19:39,000 --> 00:19:41,000
than generations
of teenagers before?

386
00:19:41,000 --> 00:19:45,000
It is looking like this generation
of teenagers are faring the worst

387
00:19:45,000 --> 00:19:48,000
and there are lots and lots of
possible reasons

388
00:19:48,000 --> 00:19:51,000
why that is the case. We don't know
why it's the case.

389
00:19:51,000 --> 00:19:53,000
The biggest argument that comes
across is self-selection.

390
00:19:53,000 --> 00:19:56,000
In other words, as soon as some kids
are out of the house,

391
00:19:56,000 --> 00:19:59,000
they head straight for pizzas,
burgers and chips

392
00:19:59,000 --> 00:20:01,000
and those habits
can be hard to shake.

393
00:20:01,000 --> 00:20:04,000
Once we get to sort of
secondary school age,

394
00:20:04,000 --> 00:20:07,000
then that's what's going to
determine largely your future

395
00:20:07,000 --> 00:20:10,000
and there's all sorts of nutrients
which have a direct correlation

396
00:20:10,000 --> 00:20:12,000
with how our brain
is going to function,

397
00:20:12,000 --> 00:20:15,000
how we're going to concentrate
and also, it's now been proven,

398
00:20:15,000 --> 00:20:16,000
how we behave.

399
00:20:16,000 --> 00:20:20,000
That's related to what we eat and so
this is a time when actually,

400
00:20:20,000 --> 00:20:23,000
you're going to put the groundwork
from childhood into place

401
00:20:23,000 --> 00:20:27,000
and those sort of 11-19 age groups

402
00:20:27,000 --> 00:20:30,000
are where all that important stuff
is really happening.

403
00:20:32,000 --> 00:20:36,000
But does any of that ring true for
the Jerome family back in Bristol?

404
00:20:36,000 --> 00:20:37,000
If Yvonne is right,

405
00:20:37,000 --> 00:20:40,000
Alice and her friends will be eating
pretty poorly

406
00:20:40,000 --> 00:20:42,000
and she admits that
when she's left to her own devices,

407
00:20:42,000 --> 00:20:44,000
she lets things slip.

408
00:20:45,000 --> 00:20:48,000
50% of the time, my mum does
the cooking, which is really nice.

409
00:20:48,000 --> 00:20:53,000
She cooks a lot of, like,
healthy food, varied diet.

410
00:20:53,000 --> 00:20:56,000
But when I go to work
and I cook for myself,

411
00:20:56,000 --> 00:20:59,000
that's when, kind of,
trouble starts.

412
00:20:59,000 --> 00:21:05,000
I do sort of fall victim to a lot
of, like, toast or spaghetti hoops.

413
00:21:05,000 --> 00:21:07,000
And for many of her friends,
it's all too easy

414
00:21:07,000 --> 00:21:09,000
to reach for the bad stuff.

415
00:21:10,000 --> 00:21:13,000
It's only my friends and especially
my friends' boyfriends,

416
00:21:13,000 --> 00:21:15,000
when it gets to late at night,

417
00:21:15,000 --> 00:21:18,000
they go to a lot of
fast-food chains.

418
00:21:18,000 --> 00:21:20,000
Any sort of, like, quick burgers

419
00:21:20,000 --> 00:21:24,000
and chips and stuff or pizzas,
they're big, big fans of.

420
00:21:24,000 --> 00:21:26,000
And that can be
several times a week.

421
00:21:26,000 --> 00:21:28,000
So, will 11-year-old Josh,

422
00:21:28,000 --> 00:21:31,000
who, for now, everyone thinks
eats really well,

423
00:21:31,000 --> 00:21:33,000
head down the same path
towards junk food

424
00:21:33,000 --> 00:21:37,000
the moment he becomes a teenager?
Well, the signs aren't promising.

425
00:21:37,000 --> 00:21:40,000
At school, what sort of things
are people eating at lunchtime?

426
00:21:40,000 --> 00:21:42,000
There's normally
about three choices.

427
00:21:42,000 --> 00:21:44,000
There's, like, a sandwich choice.

428
00:21:44,000 --> 00:21:48,000
Yeah. Or there's, like...
there's sometimes, like, pies.

429
00:21:48,000 --> 00:21:53,000
Yeah. And on Wednesdays,
we have, like, a roast.

430
00:21:53,000 --> 00:21:56,000
What are your schoolmates...
what sort of things do they eat?

431
00:21:56,000 --> 00:21:58,000
When we're waiting for the bus,

432
00:21:58,000 --> 00:22:01,000
they sometimes, like,
order takeaway pizza.

433
00:22:01,000 --> 00:22:04,000
So they order takeaway pizza and,
what, get it delivered where?

434
00:22:04,000 --> 00:22:07,000
Or do they pick it up?
Where we wait for the bus, normally.

435
00:22:07,000 --> 00:22:09,000
They get it delivered
to the bus stop?

436
00:22:09,000 --> 00:22:10,000
Yeah. Sometimes.

437
00:22:10,000 --> 00:22:12,000
And lots of people go
and, like, buy food.

438
00:22:12,000 --> 00:22:14,000
Mostly, like, sweets and stuff.

439
00:22:17,000 --> 00:22:20,000
Yvonne says the evidence shows
a bad diet has become

440
00:22:20,000 --> 00:22:24,000
a rather depressing rite of passage
for today's teenagers.

441
00:22:24,000 --> 00:22:27,000
In your teenage years, you've got to
grow some independence, haven't you?

442
00:22:27,000 --> 00:22:30,000
You've got to move away from being
sort of protected and cared for

443
00:22:30,000 --> 00:22:31,000
and find your own way in the world,

444
00:22:31,000 --> 00:22:34,000
so you're going out there and
choosing your own options,

445
00:22:34,000 --> 00:22:35,000
but more than ever before,

446
00:22:35,000 --> 00:22:38,000
there are so many options available
which are not ideal.

447
00:22:38,000 --> 00:22:41,000
So they are self-selecting
and there is a huge availability

448
00:22:41,000 --> 00:22:43,000
of processed and junk food

449
00:22:43,000 --> 00:22:46,000
and a lot of it is cheap
and within their budget.

450
00:22:46,000 --> 00:22:48,000
So if, as Yvonne says,

451
00:22:48,000 --> 00:22:51,000
the shocking headlines about
teenage eating habits are right

452
00:22:51,000 --> 00:22:55,000
and British teams really do eat
worse than any other generation,

453
00:22:55,000 --> 00:22:57,000
then which of the age groups
eats best?

454
00:22:57,000 --> 00:22:59,000
Later in the programme,

455
00:22:59,000 --> 00:23:03,000
we'll meet grandparents 87-year-old
June and 90-year-old John

456
00:23:03,000 --> 00:23:07,000
to see how their diet has kept them
as fit as a fiddle into old age.

457
00:23:12,000 --> 00:23:15,000
Now, in the ranks of healthy eating,
there is one food group

458
00:23:15,000 --> 00:23:18,000
that normally is pretty close
to the top, and that's protein.

459
00:23:18,000 --> 00:23:21,000
Things like meat, eggs, fish, nuts.

460
00:23:21,000 --> 00:23:25,000
It's supposed to make up
at least 15% of our daily diet.

461
00:23:25,000 --> 00:23:26,000
It's fuel for growing bones
and muscles

462
00:23:26,000 --> 00:23:30,000
and it's right at the centre of
lots of weight loss regimes.

463
00:23:30,000 --> 00:23:32,000
I can sense a "but" coming up here.

464
00:23:32,000 --> 00:23:36,000
There's a big but. Well, that's
because recently some headlines

465
00:23:36,000 --> 00:23:40,000
declared that low protein was
the key to living a long life.

466
00:23:40,000 --> 00:23:43,000
And then that high protein was
particularly dangerous

467
00:23:43,000 --> 00:23:46,000
for heart disease for women
over the age of 50.

468
00:23:46,000 --> 00:23:49,000
Would that surprise you?
That is surprising, actually.

469
00:23:49,000 --> 00:23:51,000
I was under the impression that
protein made up an essential part

470
00:23:51,000 --> 00:23:54,000
of a balanced diet.
And I think you're right.

471
00:23:54,000 --> 00:23:56,000
It's important for all sorts
of things, even hair.

472
00:23:56,000 --> 00:23:59,000
But, you know, there is of course
one group of people who use protein

473
00:23:59,000 --> 00:24:02,000
more than any other
and that's athletes.

474
00:24:02,000 --> 00:24:05,000
They've long relied on it
to help repair and build muscle,

475
00:24:05,000 --> 00:24:08,000
so who better to find out whether
it's as dangerous as some of

476
00:24:08,000 --> 00:24:12,000
these headlines actually suggest
than Paralympian Steve Brown?

477
00:24:15,000 --> 00:24:18,000
When I was captain of the British
wheelchair rugby team,

478
00:24:18,000 --> 00:24:19,000
like most good athletes,

479
00:24:19,000 --> 00:24:23,000
I knew the difference eating well
could make to my performance.

480
00:24:23,000 --> 00:24:24,000
Nice transition, Dave.

481
00:24:24,000 --> 00:24:26,000
If I hadn't eaten properly,

482
00:24:26,000 --> 00:24:29,000
I would never have made it
to the London 2012 Paralympics.

483
00:24:30,000 --> 00:24:33,000
One of the cornerstones of my diet
was protein,

484
00:24:33,000 --> 00:24:35,000
but it's not just athletes

485
00:24:35,000 --> 00:24:37,000
for whom getting the right amount
of it counts.

486
00:24:37,000 --> 00:24:40,000
Even before I took up sport
professionally,

487
00:24:40,000 --> 00:24:42,000
my dad used to tell me you need
protein for two things -

488
00:24:42,000 --> 00:24:44,000
to grow up and to grow old.

489
00:24:44,000 --> 00:24:47,000
Protein's essential for muscle
growth, so it's crucial for kids.

490
00:24:47,000 --> 00:24:51,000
And there's a long-held belief that
you need it as you grow older too.

491
00:24:51,000 --> 00:24:56,000
But in September 2016, one study
made headlines around the world

492
00:24:56,000 --> 00:24:58,000
saying that if we wanted to live
a long and healthy life,

493
00:24:58,000 --> 00:25:01,000
then we should opt for
a low-protein diet.

494
00:25:01,000 --> 00:25:04,000
And it was closely followed
by further reports that said

495
00:25:04,000 --> 00:25:08,000
a high-protein diet could actually
increase the risk of heart failure.

496
00:25:08,000 --> 00:25:11,000
The studies' findings are so
different from traditional wisdom.

497
00:25:11,000 --> 00:25:13,000
I want to find out more and see if

498
00:25:13,000 --> 00:25:16,000
we need to start looking at
protein differently.

499
00:25:17,000 --> 00:25:20,000
It's agreed that kids need protein
to grow and develop.

500
00:25:20,000 --> 00:25:25,000
But I wonder how many of us see it
as quite so vital as we get older.

501
00:25:25,000 --> 00:25:28,000
How important do you see
protein being?

502
00:25:28,000 --> 00:25:30,000
I have to say, I'm a meat eater.

503
00:25:30,000 --> 00:25:32,000
So, you know, I get protein
from that.

504
00:25:32,000 --> 00:25:35,000
But I just try to keep it
as varied as possible.

505
00:25:36,000 --> 00:25:38,000
I think protein is very good
for you.

506
00:25:38,000 --> 00:25:42,000
I'm 78 now and I've eaten meat
all my life,

507
00:25:42,000 --> 00:25:44,000
so it's not done me any harm,
you know what I mean?

508
00:25:44,000 --> 00:25:47,000
I think I eat
quite a bit of protein.

509
00:25:47,000 --> 00:25:50,000
Probably too much,
because you've got

510
00:25:50,000 --> 00:25:52,000
protein in all sorts of
different things.

511
00:25:52,000 --> 00:25:55,000
It is quite important, yeah,
and I do try.

512
00:25:55,000 --> 00:25:57,000
We always start the day on an egg.

513
00:25:57,000 --> 00:26:00,000
It's long been known
that as we get older,

514
00:26:00,000 --> 00:26:02,000
we naturally lose muscle mass

515
00:26:02,000 --> 00:26:04,000
and the best way to minimise this

516
00:26:04,000 --> 00:26:07,000
is with a combination of exercise
and protein.

517
00:26:07,000 --> 00:26:10,000
But what's confusing
are those headlines

518
00:26:10,000 --> 00:26:13,000
that say a low-protein diet
is the key to a long life.

519
00:26:13,000 --> 00:26:17,000
Now, I've got to say, I find that
really hard to believe.

520
00:26:17,000 --> 00:26:20,000
70-year-old Lorelie Fox
is taking part in a study

521
00:26:20,000 --> 00:26:23,000
run by researchers here
at Leeds Beckett University

522
00:26:23,000 --> 00:26:28,000
into the very positive effect
protein has on an ageing body.

523
00:26:28,000 --> 00:26:32,000
I do want to keep mobile
and I do have a very arthritic knee

524
00:26:32,000 --> 00:26:35,000
and I don't want to have it replaced

525
00:26:35,000 --> 00:26:37,000
and so the way to keep going
is with...

526
00:26:37,000 --> 00:26:40,000
with my original knee,
is to keep moving.

527
00:26:40,000 --> 00:26:42,000
And I love moving. Yes.

528
00:26:42,000 --> 00:26:44,000
Yeah. I'm not sit-arounder.

529
00:26:44,000 --> 00:26:46,000
I'm a get-up-and-doer.

530
00:26:46,000 --> 00:26:50,000
Part of the study monitored
Lorelie's muscle mass,

531
00:26:50,000 --> 00:26:52,000
because by her age, we can expect

532
00:26:52,000 --> 00:26:54,000
to have lost anything up to
a quarter of it.

533
00:26:54,000 --> 00:26:59,000
And by the age of 80, that muscle
mass loss could be as much as half.

534
00:26:59,000 --> 00:27:02,000
That can lead to a loss of strength
and in turn, falls and injuries.

535
00:27:02,000 --> 00:27:07,000
In fact, it's estimated that around
35% of people over the age of 60

536
00:27:07,000 --> 00:27:09,000
will suffer a fall
and need to go to hospital.

537
00:27:09,000 --> 00:27:13,000
That's a growing cost for the NHS
as the population gets older.

538
00:27:13,000 --> 00:27:17,000
Why is the protein so important
in this whole testing system?

539
00:27:17,000 --> 00:27:20,000
If we don't take adequate protein
through the diet,

540
00:27:20,000 --> 00:27:23,000
it's more likely that we're going
to lose muscle mass further,

541
00:27:23,000 --> 00:27:26,000
and we do know from a number
of research studies

542
00:27:26,000 --> 00:27:30,000
and some of the studies
that we've conducted here

543
00:27:30,000 --> 00:27:34,000
that older people, they are in need
for high protein intakes.

544
00:27:34,000 --> 00:27:37,000
As part of the study,
Lorelie had to stay active

545
00:27:37,000 --> 00:27:39,000
and consume almost twice
the amount of protein

546
00:27:39,000 --> 00:27:42,000
that's normally recommended
for adults.

547
00:27:42,000 --> 00:27:46,000
Theo and his team then regularly
checked her muscles for any change.

548
00:27:46,000 --> 00:27:48,000
So, do you think that maybe
an increase in protein intake

549
00:27:48,000 --> 00:27:51,000
for Lorelie would make
a difference for her?

550
00:27:51,000 --> 00:27:54,000
Yeah, we believe it would make
a difference for two reasons.

551
00:27:54,000 --> 00:27:58,000
The first one is because we will be
able to minimise further losses

552
00:27:58,000 --> 00:28:02,000
in muscle mass, but ideally,
what we would like to achieve

553
00:28:02,000 --> 00:28:04,000
is to help her increase further
the muscle mass

554
00:28:04,000 --> 00:28:08,000
and ultimately strength, functional
performance of daily activities.

555
00:28:08,000 --> 00:28:10,000
So it's never too late
to get stronger?

556
00:28:10,000 --> 00:28:12,000
No, it's never.

557
00:28:12,000 --> 00:28:15,000
While staying active might be easy
for Lorelie,

558
00:28:15,000 --> 00:28:18,000
consuming as much protein
as Theo wants her to really isn't,

559
00:28:18,000 --> 00:28:20,000
especially when you see

560
00:28:20,000 --> 00:28:23,000
how the 90 grams he's recommending
stacks up.

561
00:28:23,000 --> 00:28:27,000
So, Theo, please talk me through
this feast in front of us.

562
00:28:27,000 --> 00:28:30,000
You can see
almost a litre of milk here.

563
00:28:30,000 --> 00:28:34,000
Four to five eggs, beef
and nine slices of white bread.

564
00:28:34,000 --> 00:28:38,000
So, this is the equivalent of
approximately 30 grams of protein.

565
00:28:38,000 --> 00:28:42,000
Why is the 30 grams important,
of protein?

566
00:28:42,000 --> 00:28:45,000
It's because research findings
suggest

567
00:28:45,000 --> 00:28:48,000
that you need to be getting
approximately 30 grams per meal

568
00:28:48,000 --> 00:28:52,000
at this age for this
to be more effective,

569
00:28:52,000 --> 00:28:56,000
because we become less responsive
to protein as we get older.

570
00:28:56,000 --> 00:28:59,000
So we need relatively high amounts,
higher amounts, per meal.

571
00:28:59,000 --> 00:29:03,000
Even when it comes to foods we often
think of as high in protein,

572
00:29:03,000 --> 00:29:07,000
like eggs, it can take a fair amount
to reach the 30 grams

573
00:29:07,000 --> 00:29:10,000
that Theo would like Lorelie to eat
at every meal.

574
00:29:10,000 --> 00:29:14,000
A litre of milk or nine slices of
bread could be daunting too,

575
00:29:14,000 --> 00:29:17,000
especially as, like many people
in their 70s,

576
00:29:17,000 --> 00:29:18,000
Lorelie doesn't have
much of an appetite.

577
00:29:21,000 --> 00:29:26,000
Lorelie, how on earth do you eat
and drink this much every meal?

578
00:29:26,000 --> 00:29:28,000
I find it absolutely terrifying.

579
00:29:28,000 --> 00:29:29,000
I don't eat meat anyway.

580
00:29:29,000 --> 00:29:31,000
I hardly ever eat bread.

581
00:29:31,000 --> 00:29:33,000
I don't like milk...

582
00:29:34,000 --> 00:29:39,000
And I think the maximum I've ever
eaten is a three-egg omelette.

583
00:29:39,000 --> 00:29:41,000
Looking at five, I'm going,
"No, I don't think so."

584
00:29:43,000 --> 00:29:46,000
So instead, Theo has devised
a high-protein bar

585
00:29:46,000 --> 00:29:48,000
which is easier
for Lorelie to manage,

586
00:29:48,000 --> 00:29:51,000
and it's hoped this combination
of protein and exercise

587
00:29:51,000 --> 00:29:54,000
will keep her active
for many years to come.

588
00:29:57,000 --> 00:29:59,000
Everything I've seen today
makes me think

589
00:29:59,000 --> 00:30:01,000
my dad was right to say
we need protein to grow old.

590
00:30:04,000 --> 00:30:07,000
But it's strange the newspapers
are saying we don't need
so much protein.

591
00:30:07,000 --> 00:30:12,000
It's a controversial claim
I've asked dietician Linia Patel
to look into.

592
00:30:12,000 --> 00:30:17,000
Linia, it's saying here,
low protein, high carb is the key
to long life.

593
00:30:17,000 --> 00:30:19,000
Which is almost backwards
from what I heard.

594
00:30:19,000 --> 00:30:22,000
Now, you're the expert.
Can you help me out here?

595
00:30:22,000 --> 00:30:24,000
Well, this headline
is just not true.

596
00:30:24,000 --> 00:30:26,000
We know that as you get older,

597
00:30:26,000 --> 00:30:29,000
you need more protein to make sure
that you're not losing

598
00:30:29,000 --> 00:30:32,000
that very, very important
muscle mass.

599
00:30:32,000 --> 00:30:35,000
After closer examination
of the research behind the story,

600
00:30:35,000 --> 00:30:38,000
Linia spotted that it's only related

601
00:30:38,000 --> 00:30:40,000
to a tiny part
of a much bigger study,

602
00:30:40,000 --> 00:30:43,000
and what's more, only to mice.

603
00:30:43,000 --> 00:30:48,000
A wider study conducted on humans
produced far less clear-cut results.

604
00:30:48,000 --> 00:30:51,000
What's interesting about this study,
the bottom line goes back to, well,

605
00:30:51,000 --> 00:30:54,000
actually, following
the Mediterranean diet

606
00:30:54,000 --> 00:30:56,000
which does not have
a low protein intake.

607
00:30:56,000 --> 00:30:58,000
Actually, it's a very much
moderate protein intake.

608
00:30:58,000 --> 00:31:01,000
So it looks at the amount of protein
and types of different protein,

609
00:31:01,000 --> 00:31:04,000
so you can't just isolate it
to one thing.

610
00:31:04,000 --> 00:31:07,000
It's, again, in the context
of a healthy, balanced diet.

611
00:31:07,000 --> 00:31:10,000
But when it says low protein,
high carbs,

612
00:31:10,000 --> 00:31:13,000
that's a reference to an amount.

613
00:31:13,000 --> 00:31:14,000
What is a low-protein diet?

614
00:31:14,000 --> 00:31:17,000
How much are you saying
maybe you should be having?

615
00:31:17,000 --> 00:31:20,000
The government guidelines
for protein intake are

616
00:31:20,000 --> 00:31:23,000
that we need to take 0.7 grams
per kilogram body weight,

617
00:31:23,000 --> 00:31:25,000
so that's the government
recommendation.

618
00:31:25,000 --> 00:31:28,000
So, low protein intake
would be anything below that.

619
00:31:28,000 --> 00:31:30,000
So, an average woman
weighing 70 kilograms

620
00:31:30,000 --> 00:31:33,000
needs about 50 grams
of protein a day.

621
00:31:33,000 --> 00:31:37,000
And an average 85 kilogram man
needs about 60 grams of protein.

622
00:31:38,000 --> 00:31:40,000
And don't worry if you've no idea

623
00:31:40,000 --> 00:31:43,000
how much you'd need to eat
to get it right.

624
00:31:43,000 --> 00:31:46,000
Linia's got what you might call
a rule of thumb

625
00:31:46,000 --> 00:31:47,000
to help you work it out.

626
00:31:47,000 --> 00:31:49,000
We all have a very clever way
of doing that,

627
00:31:49,000 --> 00:31:51,000
which is using your hand.

628
00:31:51,000 --> 00:31:56,000
So, if you use the palm of your hand
and the thickness of your palm,

629
00:31:56,000 --> 00:31:58,000
that would be your portion
that you need to eat

630
00:31:58,000 --> 00:32:01,000
when you're eating chicken
or red meat.

631
00:32:01,000 --> 00:32:05,000
For white fish, a good portion
would be your whole hand.

632
00:32:05,000 --> 00:32:09,000
That equals one portion
or about half your daily amount

633
00:32:09,000 --> 00:32:13,000
when it comes to foods high in
protein, like fish or lean meats.

634
00:32:13,000 --> 00:32:15,000
But for foods
with higher fat contents,

635
00:32:15,000 --> 00:32:18,000
Linia's got a much smaller measure.

636
00:32:18,000 --> 00:32:21,000
OK, now, the portion of sausages
that you can eat

637
00:32:21,000 --> 00:32:24,000
would be the size
of your middle finger. Right.

638
00:32:24,000 --> 00:32:28,000
Because, to be honest, a sausage is
not really a good source of protein.

639
00:32:28,000 --> 00:32:30,000
No. It's got more fat
than it does protein,

640
00:32:30,000 --> 00:32:33,000
so what we need to do then
is really limit the portion.

641
00:32:33,000 --> 00:32:36,000
So, it would be the size
of your middle finger.

642
00:32:36,000 --> 00:32:37,000
This is cheese, thumb.

643
00:32:37,000 --> 00:32:39,000
So we have a thumb of cheese.

644
00:32:39,000 --> 00:32:41,000
Yeah. A palm of chicken.

645
00:32:41,000 --> 00:32:43,000
A hand of fish.

646
00:32:43,000 --> 00:32:44,000
Yeah. And a finger of sausage.

647
00:32:44,000 --> 00:32:46,000
Finger of sausage! Spot on.

648
00:32:46,000 --> 00:32:49,000
Linia reckons, if you eat
a balanced diet,

649
00:32:49,000 --> 00:32:53,000
you should already be getting
the right amount of protein,

650
00:32:53,000 --> 00:32:55,000
but as an athlete,
I was always told

651
00:32:55,000 --> 00:32:58,000
having extra protein was essential
to repair my muscles

652
00:32:58,000 --> 00:33:00,000
and make them stronger.

653
00:33:02,000 --> 00:33:05,000
I've also seen headlines which say
that the extra supplements

654
00:33:05,000 --> 00:33:07,000
I used to take
could have helped with that.

655
00:33:09,000 --> 00:33:12,000
Even now I'm retired,
I still have extra protein,

656
00:33:12,000 --> 00:33:15,000
but from what Linia says,
I might not need to.

657
00:33:15,000 --> 00:33:17,000
And I'm guessing the professor
I'm about to meet

658
00:33:17,000 --> 00:33:19,000
may well agree with her.

659
00:33:19,000 --> 00:33:24,000
This morning, I had a breakfast
cereal with added protein.

660
00:33:24,000 --> 00:33:26,000
Any need? No, no need at all.

661
00:33:26,000 --> 00:33:28,000
You could have had muesli
or porridge.

662
00:33:28,000 --> 00:33:31,000
That would have done.
If you have milk with it,

663
00:33:31,000 --> 00:33:34,000
that will give you some
good quality protein as well,

664
00:33:34,000 --> 00:33:37,000
so just ordinary breakfast cereal's
quite enough.

665
00:33:37,000 --> 00:33:40,000
So I didn't need those supplements
and extra proteins

666
00:33:40,000 --> 00:33:42,000
whilst I was an athlete
and in training.

667
00:33:42,000 --> 00:33:44,000
Then I certainly
don't need them now?

668
00:33:44,000 --> 00:33:46,000
No. No, I don't think you do at all.

669
00:33:46,000 --> 00:33:48,000
I think what people don't realise,

670
00:33:48,000 --> 00:33:50,000
that there is an adequate amount
of protein in the food we eat.

671
00:33:50,000 --> 00:33:54,000
If you eat real food - and real
food I would take things like bread,

672
00:33:54,000 --> 00:33:59,000
pasta, rice as real food -
and you're eating, you know,

673
00:33:59,000 --> 00:34:02,000
nuts and beans and stuff
and some meat, you'll be fine.

674
00:34:02,000 --> 00:34:04,000
A balanced diet. Balanced diet.

675
00:34:04,000 --> 00:34:07,000
Don't take a bad diet to a good diet
by taking supplements

676
00:34:07,000 --> 00:34:08,000
and if you've got a good diet,

677
00:34:08,000 --> 00:34:12,000
taking extra supplements isn't going
to turn it into a super diet.

678
00:34:14,000 --> 00:34:17,000
So it turns out that
my old dad was right after all.

679
00:34:17,000 --> 00:34:20,000
We do need protein to grow up
and to grow old.

680
00:34:20,000 --> 00:34:22,000
But a balanced diet will do the job.

681
00:34:22,000 --> 00:34:24,000
Even to help rebuild muscles

682
00:34:24,000 --> 00:34:27,000
thrashed by a good game
of wheelchair rugby.

683
00:34:37,000 --> 00:34:39,000
For recipes inspired by some of

684
00:34:39,000 --> 00:34:41,000
the stories in today's programme,
visit...

685
00:34:44,000 --> 00:34:47,000
..where you'll also find other ideas
relating to some of the topics

686
00:34:47,000 --> 00:34:49,000
we're looking at
throughout the series.

687
00:34:55,000 --> 00:34:56,000
Earlier in the programme,

688
00:34:56,000 --> 00:35:00,000
we met the Jerome family in Bristol
who are helping me find out

689
00:35:00,000 --> 00:35:03,000
which generation eats best
and which eats worst.

690
00:35:03,000 --> 00:35:07,000
I've already met 11-year-old Josh
and 18-year-old Alice,

691
00:35:07,000 --> 00:35:09,000
but do their grandparents,

692
00:35:09,000 --> 00:35:11,000
87-year-old June
and 90-year-old John,

693
00:35:11,000 --> 00:35:13,000
eat better or worse than them?

694
00:35:14,000 --> 00:35:19,000
When they were teenagers, post-war
mealtimes were all pretty healthy.

695
00:35:19,000 --> 00:35:22,000
On a Sunday, it would be
the roast dinner.

696
00:35:22,000 --> 00:35:25,000
That would last up to about
the Wednesday, to Thursday.

697
00:35:25,000 --> 00:35:27,000
Sometimes in a stew.

698
00:35:27,000 --> 00:35:31,000
It was all very nourishing
to my way of thinking.

699
00:35:31,000 --> 00:35:33,000
I mean, I always felt
we were well fed.

700
00:35:34,000 --> 00:35:37,000
Though these days they have
more processed stuff too,

701
00:35:37,000 --> 00:35:41,000
June and John still eat
plenty of home-cooked food.

702
00:35:41,000 --> 00:35:44,000
And they say that for the younger
generation of the family,

703
00:35:44,000 --> 00:35:47,000
things aren't all as bad
as we've been told.

704
00:35:47,000 --> 00:35:50,000
What do you think about
the diet of people today?

705
00:35:50,000 --> 00:35:52,000
Well, it's different, isn't it?

706
00:35:52,000 --> 00:35:53,000
I think they're very aware

707
00:35:53,000 --> 00:35:57,000
of what they should eat and what
they shouldn't eat now, really.

708
00:35:57,000 --> 00:36:00,000
OK. Because my grandson, you know,

709
00:36:00,000 --> 00:36:05,000
he knows all about calories and
he loves his greens and all that.

710
00:36:05,000 --> 00:36:07,000
I think it's healthier food now.

711
00:36:07,000 --> 00:36:09,000
They have more fruit to eat.

712
00:36:09,000 --> 00:36:14,000
I mean, when I see all the fruit my
daughter buys out for her family...

713
00:36:14,000 --> 00:36:18,000
I know Jo tries to buy, like,
all the fruits that's good.

714
00:36:19,000 --> 00:36:21,000
As a greengrocer,
that's music to my ears.

715
00:36:21,000 --> 00:36:24,000
So it's high time I found out more

716
00:36:24,000 --> 00:36:27,000
from the people who cook for
the whole household, Jo and Simon.

717
00:36:30,000 --> 00:36:33,000
Who would you say eats the most veg
out of everybody?

718
00:36:33,000 --> 00:36:36,000
Getting Josh to eat
a Brussels sprout is a challenge.

719
00:36:36,000 --> 00:36:40,000
Out of this, what sort of thing
would Josh go for?

720
00:36:40,000 --> 00:36:43,000
There's a big pile of fruit in the
front which he's very keen on.

721
00:36:43,000 --> 00:36:45,000
That's his big thing.

722
00:36:45,000 --> 00:36:48,000
That's his. Pomegranates at the
moment are his latest phase.

723
00:36:48,000 --> 00:36:50,000
Certainly, the fish fingers.

724
00:36:50,000 --> 00:36:53,000
Jo and Simon's weekly shop is packed
with a whole host of foods,

725
00:36:53,000 --> 00:36:55,000
both fresh and processed.

726
00:36:55,000 --> 00:36:58,000
And while this lot will feed
all the family,

727
00:36:58,000 --> 00:37:01,000
they can keep a closer eye
on what young Josh eats

728
00:37:01,000 --> 00:37:03,000
because they make
almost all his meals.

729
00:37:04,000 --> 00:37:10,000
How much control or input would Josh
have on the food that he eats?

730
00:37:10,000 --> 00:37:12,000
Quite a lot, I think,
because, you know,

731
00:37:12,000 --> 00:37:16,000
we want to feed him what is good
for him and also what he likes.

732
00:37:16,000 --> 00:37:18,000
As long as he's involved in the
cooking, and I think sometimes

733
00:37:18,000 --> 00:37:20,000
having children involved
in cooking means

734
00:37:20,000 --> 00:37:24,000
they have some ownership and
therefore would like to eat it.

735
00:37:24,000 --> 00:37:26,000
And understand why we're cooking it.

736
00:37:26,000 --> 00:37:30,000
And that's been a big part
of what we've tried to do.

737
00:37:30,000 --> 00:37:32,000
A Sunday roast with meat and veg

738
00:37:32,000 --> 00:37:35,000
is a regular event
in the Jerome household

739
00:37:35,000 --> 00:37:37,000
and it's the type of meal
that's changed very little since Jo,

740
00:37:37,000 --> 00:37:41,000
Simon and even John and June
were growing up.

741
00:37:41,000 --> 00:37:44,000
But which generation had it best
when they were teenagers?

742
00:37:44,000 --> 00:37:47,000
John and June, who were teens
just after the war,

743
00:37:47,000 --> 00:37:50,000
or Jo and Simon in the early '80s?

744
00:37:50,000 --> 00:37:53,000
Sophie Klassens is an expert
in the history of the British diet

745
00:37:53,000 --> 00:37:59,000
and she says when it comes to food,
World War II had a positive legacy.

746
00:37:59,000 --> 00:38:03,000
The golden era was
the post-war rationing time

747
00:38:03,000 --> 00:38:05,000
because the typical healthy foods

748
00:38:05,000 --> 00:38:07,000
like fruits and vegetables weren't
rationed at all

749
00:38:07,000 --> 00:38:08,000
and we were actively encouraged

750
00:38:08,000 --> 00:38:11,000
to eat lots of healthy fruit
and vegetables

751
00:38:11,000 --> 00:38:15,000
which nowadays we tend to see
as expensive products

752
00:38:15,000 --> 00:38:19,000
that take more preparation.

753
00:38:19,000 --> 00:38:22,000
Post-war, we were getting plenty
of fruit and vegetables.

754
00:38:22,000 --> 00:38:26,000
The majority of us were getting
our five a day, if not even more.

755
00:38:26,000 --> 00:38:29,000
Whereas nowadays,
in 11- to 18-year-olds,

756
00:38:29,000 --> 00:38:30,000
so our teenagers,

757
00:38:30,000 --> 00:38:33,000
potentially only about 8% of them
are getting their five a day.

758
00:38:34,000 --> 00:38:37,000
We might eat a bigger variety
of fruit and veg now,

759
00:38:37,000 --> 00:38:42,000
but it's never made up as much of
our diet as it did after the war.

760
00:38:42,000 --> 00:38:45,000
After rationing ended
and the country became wealthier,

761
00:38:45,000 --> 00:38:48,000
lifestyles changed and there was
a wider variety of food.

762
00:38:48,000 --> 00:38:50,000
In the '70s, work became
more sedentary

763
00:38:50,000 --> 00:38:52,000
whilst fast food
and snacking between meals

764
00:38:52,000 --> 00:38:54,000
changed the way we ate.

765
00:38:54,000 --> 00:38:57,000
By the 1980s,
when more women were at work,

766
00:38:57,000 --> 00:39:00,000
microwaves and ready meals
both grew in popularity

767
00:39:00,000 --> 00:39:04,000
and over the decades,
our waistlines just got bigger.

768
00:39:06,000 --> 00:39:10,000
Obesity has greatly increased
over the last 50 years.

769
00:39:10,000 --> 00:39:12,000
Back in the '60s,

770
00:39:12,000 --> 00:39:15,000
obesity was only at 1% or 2%
of the population

771
00:39:15,000 --> 00:39:20,000
whereas now it is closer
to 25% of the population,

772
00:39:20,000 --> 00:39:24,000
so there's been a real increase
in obesity as has there been

773
00:39:24,000 --> 00:39:27,000
an increase in diabetes
which both continue to increase.

774
00:39:27,000 --> 00:39:31,000
But do the habits of the Jerome
family reflect the national picture?

775
00:39:31,000 --> 00:39:35,000
Well, for the past week, they've
been keeping a video diary for me.

776
00:39:35,000 --> 00:39:37,000
This morning's breakfast
just consists of

777
00:39:37,000 --> 00:39:39,000
one piece of white toast
with honey on it.

778
00:39:39,000 --> 00:39:42,000
What do they call that?
Couscous? Green beans.

779
00:39:42,000 --> 00:39:46,000
Green beans. For tonight's supper,
I've minced up Sunday's beef

780
00:39:46,000 --> 00:39:49,000
and I'm just making some
mashed potato to put on top.

781
00:39:49,000 --> 00:39:53,000
But if we scoot back over to Josh,
with a mouth very full

782
00:39:53,000 --> 00:39:56,000
because he has just eaten
a chocolate biscuit

783
00:39:56,000 --> 00:39:59,000
and there are crumbs on his mouth
to prove it.

784
00:40:01,000 --> 00:40:04,000
Nutritionist Yvonne Bishop-Weston
has analysed

785
00:40:04,000 --> 00:40:07,000
what each of the three generations
has eaten.

786
00:40:07,000 --> 00:40:08,000
Hello, everybody.

787
00:40:08,000 --> 00:40:10,000
Hello. Hi. Hi.

788
00:40:10,000 --> 00:40:14,000
And now she's reporting back
on how they've all done.

789
00:40:14,000 --> 00:40:16,000
So, the day starts really well,
doesn't it, Josh?

790
00:40:16,000 --> 00:40:20,000
With some granola
and some extra almonds.

791
00:40:20,000 --> 00:40:23,000
Yeah. We've got lasagne one day,
steak and chips one day,

792
00:40:23,000 --> 00:40:25,000
roast dinner...
And then chicken curry.

793
00:40:25,000 --> 00:40:27,000
And proper dinner every night,
which is brilliant,

794
00:40:27,000 --> 00:40:30,000
so the only advice here
on Josh's diet, which is good,

795
00:40:30,000 --> 00:40:33,000
would be to get more vegetables
in there.

796
00:40:33,000 --> 00:40:34,000
Next is 18-year-old Alice.

797
00:40:34,000 --> 00:40:37,000
Hers isn't too bad
considering she's a teenager.

798
00:40:39,000 --> 00:40:42,000
In Alice's diet,
there were some really nice things

799
00:40:42,000 --> 00:40:45,000
like some sushi and when she was
going out and eating,

800
00:40:45,000 --> 00:40:48,000
some bean burgers
rather than beefburgers.

801
00:40:48,000 --> 00:40:50,000
And some home-made food.

802
00:40:50,000 --> 00:40:54,000
But sometimes missing meals
and just having toast for tea.

803
00:40:54,000 --> 00:40:58,000
And while Jo, Simon, John and June
sat down

804
00:40:58,000 --> 00:41:00,000
to freshly cooked evening meals
every day,

805
00:41:00,000 --> 00:41:03,000
there was a word of warning
from Yvonne.

806
00:41:03,000 --> 00:41:05,000
Over the whole family,

807
00:41:05,000 --> 00:41:07,000
not enough veg was coming through
quite strongly.

808
00:41:07,000 --> 00:41:10,000
Most people not getting
to their five a day

809
00:41:10,000 --> 00:41:12,000
most of the time was coming through.

810
00:41:12,000 --> 00:41:15,000
Does it surprise you that
you're not getting your five a day?

811
00:41:15,000 --> 00:41:20,000
I think when we sit down at the
weekend on a Sunday or whatever,

812
00:41:20,000 --> 00:41:22,000
piles of veg and no-one eats it.

813
00:41:22,000 --> 00:41:25,000
During the week, it just becomes
a little bit more difficult

814
00:41:25,000 --> 00:41:27,000
to sort of...
to fit it in around the meal.

815
00:41:27,000 --> 00:41:32,000
But the question is, who amongst
the three generations of this family

816
00:41:32,000 --> 00:41:34,000
does Yvonne think
eats the most healthily?

817
00:41:34,000 --> 00:41:38,000
So, if I had to push you,
if we had to pick a winner,

818
00:41:38,000 --> 00:41:42,000
which of these lovely people
would you say has the best diet?

819
00:41:42,000 --> 00:41:45,000
Do you know,
I would probably pick Josh. Yeah?

820
00:41:45,000 --> 00:41:49,000
Because at his age, a lot of the
meals are not within his choosing.

821
00:41:49,000 --> 00:41:52,000
They're not with in his control.
Especially school lunch.

822
00:41:52,000 --> 00:41:55,000
The fact that he's adding
some almonds to his granola

823
00:41:55,000 --> 00:41:57,000
and he's choosing fruit
after school...

824
00:41:57,000 --> 00:41:59,000
I think I'm going to choose Josh.

825
00:41:59,000 --> 00:42:02,000
There we go. Are you pleased
with that, Josh?

826
00:42:03,000 --> 00:42:05,000
The crown!

827
00:42:07,000 --> 00:42:09,000
Josh might be on the cusp
of being a teenager

828
00:42:09,000 --> 00:42:12,000
and joining the generation
with the worst diet, but for now,

829
00:42:12,000 --> 00:42:15,000
he's still enjoying
the best diet of all,

830
00:42:15,000 --> 00:42:17,000
that of our very youngest
generation.

831
00:42:17,000 --> 00:42:20,000
The children are doing the best,
thank goodness!

832
00:42:20,000 --> 00:42:22,000
We're looking after our children
properly

833
00:42:22,000 --> 00:42:24,000
and they mostly get
the nutrients that they need.

834
00:42:24,000 --> 00:42:26,000
That's thanks to parents

835
00:42:26,000 --> 00:42:28,000
who know more about nutrition
than ever before,

836
00:42:28,000 --> 00:42:32,000
healthier school meals, lower levels
of sugar in lots of foods

837
00:42:32,000 --> 00:42:34,000
and a strong healthy-eating message.

838
00:42:34,000 --> 00:42:37,000
Of course, who knows if Josh and his
friends will take all that with them

839
00:42:37,000 --> 00:42:39,000
as they grow up?

840
00:42:39,000 --> 00:42:42,000
His mates will need to ditch
those takeaway pizzas, for starters.

841
00:42:42,000 --> 00:42:46,000
But here's hoping
his generation will go on

842
00:42:46,000 --> 00:42:49,000
to buck the trend of
terrible teen eating.

843
00:42:56,000 --> 00:42:58,000
Now, since doing this programme,

844
00:42:58,000 --> 00:43:01,000
I've really got used to seeing
that there can be a lot more

845
00:43:01,000 --> 00:43:03,000
to some of these headlines
than meets the eye.

846
00:43:03,000 --> 00:43:06,000
But I must say, I was quite shocked
to discover just how much

847
00:43:06,000 --> 00:43:10,000
off the mark the supposed benefits
of coconut oil turned out to be.

848
00:43:10,000 --> 00:43:13,000
And, you know, after making
that film, I went straight home

849
00:43:13,000 --> 00:43:15,000
and I threw away
that big jar that we had

850
00:43:15,000 --> 00:43:17,000
lurking at the back of the fridge.

851
00:43:17,000 --> 00:43:19,000
Well, I'm certainly not going to
rush out and buy any coconut oil,

852
00:43:19,000 --> 00:43:22,000
that's for sure. And one thing
I was relieved to discover

853
00:43:22,000 --> 00:43:25,000
is that even if the headlines
about bad teen diets are true,

854
00:43:25,000 --> 00:43:29,000
we're at least feeding younger kids
well, so let's hope that continues

855
00:43:29,000 --> 00:43:31,000
as they grow up. Absolutely right.

856
00:43:31,000 --> 00:43:34,000
Now, that is where we have to leave
it for today, I'm afraid.

857
00:43:34,000 --> 00:43:36,000
But we're going to be back
to discover the truth

858
00:43:36,000 --> 00:43:40,000
behind more of the scare stories
about food very soon.

859
00:43:40,000 --> 00:43:43,000
But for now, thank you very much for
your company and from both of us,

860
00:43:43,000 --> 00:43:44,000
bye-bye. Goodbye.