1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:04,200 If you've settled down to watch this with a nice cuppa, 2 00:00:04,200 --> 00:00:07,720 you'll be particularly interested in one of the stories we're investigating today. 3 00:00:07,720 --> 00:00:11,040 You will, because we're going to get to the bottom of some overboiled, 4 00:00:11,040 --> 00:00:13,640 and in some cases rather frightening, stories that 5 00:00:13,640 --> 00:00:17,160 the papers just love to repeat, even though not all of them are true. 6 00:00:18,960 --> 00:00:20,520 Every day we're bombarded 7 00:00:20,520 --> 00:00:22,200 with conflicting information 8 00:00:22,200 --> 00:00:23,800 about our favourite foods. 9 00:00:25,800 --> 00:00:29,400 One minute we're told something's good for us, the next it's not, 10 00:00:29,400 --> 00:00:32,720 and we're left feeling guilty about what we're eating. 11 00:00:35,840 --> 00:00:38,440 Well, we've been wading through the confusion 12 00:00:38,440 --> 00:00:41,160 to separate the scare stories from the truth, 13 00:00:41,160 --> 00:00:44,320 so you can choose your food with confidence. 14 00:00:52,120 --> 00:00:55,000 Hello. We're very glad you've been able to join us 15 00:00:55,000 --> 00:00:56,520 for Food: Truth Or Scare. 16 00:00:56,520 --> 00:00:57,800 Now, this is a programme 17 00:00:57,800 --> 00:01:00,760 that scrutinises some of the more terrifying headlines 18 00:01:00,760 --> 00:01:02,200 that might just prompt you 19 00:01:02,200 --> 00:01:04,520 into giving up things that you love to eat. 20 00:01:04,520 --> 00:01:07,120 All too often, you know, they don't give you the full story, 21 00:01:07,120 --> 00:01:10,200 but we're here to set the record straight. And just as well, 22 00:01:10,200 --> 00:01:13,520 because if you believed all the headlines we'll be looking at today, 23 00:01:13,520 --> 00:01:15,640 you could be making big changes to your diet 24 00:01:15,640 --> 00:01:17,000 for all the wrong reasons. 25 00:01:17,000 --> 00:01:19,920 Because while we do still tend to be influenced by what we read in 26 00:01:19,920 --> 00:01:23,640 the papers, some reports do get the latest research a bit muddled 27 00:01:23,640 --> 00:01:26,400 and end up giving us the totally wrong message. 28 00:01:26,400 --> 00:01:27,680 Which is not good. 29 00:01:27,680 --> 00:01:29,800 So as we unpick all of that, 30 00:01:29,800 --> 00:01:32,720 you might welcome the news to come out of today's programme, 31 00:01:32,720 --> 00:01:37,240 and in one case it's no exaggeration to say it could save lives. 32 00:01:38,240 --> 00:01:39,440 Coming up... 33 00:01:39,440 --> 00:01:42,640 We drink millions of cups of tea and coffee every single day, 34 00:01:42,640 --> 00:01:44,680 but which of the two is better for us? 35 00:01:44,680 --> 00:01:46,680 And for those who just can't get enough, 36 00:01:46,680 --> 00:01:49,560 could it be doing more harm than good? 37 00:01:49,560 --> 00:01:52,600 It's a pick-me-up. It keeps me going through the day 38 00:01:52,600 --> 00:01:55,440 and especially winter, you can't do without tea. 39 00:01:55,440 --> 00:01:59,080 And we reveal the food often touted as a cure for cancer, 40 00:01:59,080 --> 00:02:02,000 when in fact it's a lot more dangerous. 41 00:02:02,000 --> 00:02:04,840 It will also kill your normal cells as well as your cancer cells 42 00:02:04,840 --> 00:02:08,080 and people have died of cyanide poisoning taking these, 43 00:02:08,080 --> 00:02:10,000 so they're extremely dangerous. 44 00:02:14,280 --> 00:02:16,880 Right, Gloria, I'm going to interrupt your cup of tea with 45 00:02:16,880 --> 00:02:20,360 a quick question for you. How much tea and coffee do you drink? 46 00:02:20,360 --> 00:02:22,160 Now, you're sitting there asking 47 00:02:22,160 --> 00:02:25,400 an Irishwoman how many cups of tea that she drinks every day! 48 00:02:25,400 --> 00:02:28,320 You have watched me drinking tea right throughout this programme. 49 00:02:28,320 --> 00:02:30,160 I never drink coffee. OK. I don't like it. 50 00:02:30,160 --> 00:02:33,600 It gives me a headache. So I only drink tea, and lots of it. 51 00:02:33,600 --> 00:02:36,120 Right, OK, well, I must admit I do rely on caffeine 52 00:02:36,120 --> 00:02:38,840 to get me through those early mornings and long days, 53 00:02:38,840 --> 00:02:41,960 and while I don't think I could live without my cup of coffee, 54 00:02:41,960 --> 00:02:44,720 I have felt a bit worried after seeing those headlines 55 00:02:44,720 --> 00:02:46,520 that say caffeine is addictive 56 00:02:46,520 --> 00:02:49,040 or even that too much of it can lead to cancer, 57 00:02:49,040 --> 00:02:53,000 so I wanted to find out if I really need to be concerned, and if I do, 58 00:02:53,000 --> 00:02:56,520 whether I'd be better off switching to a different brew. 59 00:02:59,120 --> 00:03:02,200 We've long been considered a nation of tea drinkers 60 00:03:02,200 --> 00:03:04,720 and whether we go for Earl Grey or builder's, 61 00:03:04,720 --> 00:03:09,160 we're each said to get through hundreds of mugs of it every year. 62 00:03:09,160 --> 00:03:11,880 But these days it's actually coffee we drink the most, 63 00:03:11,880 --> 00:03:15,720 and that's usually the only brew you'll find in my mug. 64 00:03:15,720 --> 00:03:18,840 This is the first of about five or six cups of coffee 65 00:03:18,840 --> 00:03:20,200 I'll drink most days, 66 00:03:20,200 --> 00:03:23,600 but you don't have to look too far to find some headlines 67 00:03:23,600 --> 00:03:26,960 telling us that caffeine is bad for us, or worse still, 68 00:03:26,960 --> 00:03:30,680 even addictive, and it's not just coffee - tea's in the frame too. 69 00:03:31,960 --> 00:03:33,960 The headlines are pretty confusing. 70 00:03:33,960 --> 00:03:36,360 Some say our daily drinking habit 71 00:03:36,360 --> 00:03:39,360 could be really bad for us and even cause cancer, 72 00:03:39,360 --> 00:03:42,720 but the same papers also report the exact opposite - 73 00:03:42,720 --> 00:03:45,720 that tea and coffee can actually fight cancer 74 00:03:45,720 --> 00:03:49,920 as well as slash the risk of heart disease and protect your liver. 75 00:03:49,920 --> 00:03:52,120 So after reading those headlines, 76 00:03:52,120 --> 00:03:54,880 I now have no idea if I drink too much coffee 77 00:03:54,880 --> 00:03:57,160 or even if I should be drinking more, 78 00:03:57,160 --> 00:04:01,040 and the shoppers I spoke to couldn't help me make up my mind. 79 00:04:01,040 --> 00:04:03,720 So I see you've both got a cup of tea. Caffeine free. 80 00:04:03,720 --> 00:04:05,440 Is that what made you choose that? 81 00:04:05,440 --> 00:04:07,520 I tend to be caffeine free. 82 00:04:07,520 --> 00:04:11,360 It gives me sort of the jitters, even a small amount in tea. 83 00:04:11,360 --> 00:04:13,000 Do you drink much tea and coffee? 84 00:04:13,000 --> 00:04:17,200 I tend to have between 15 and 20 cups a day. 85 00:04:17,200 --> 00:04:19,120 15 to 20 cups a day? 86 00:04:19,120 --> 00:04:21,840 Do you think that level of tea drinking is safe 87 00:04:21,840 --> 00:04:23,400 or healthy or unhealthy? 88 00:04:23,400 --> 00:04:27,880 I haven't had a day off in 20 plus years so that must say something. 89 00:04:27,880 --> 00:04:29,240 Do you drink much tea? 90 00:04:29,240 --> 00:04:31,320 Yeah, I've got into fruit teas a lot recently 91 00:04:31,320 --> 00:04:34,640 because I've given up caffeine. You've given up caffeine? Yeah. Why? 92 00:04:34,640 --> 00:04:38,160 Because I found it was giving me quite bad heart palpitations. 93 00:04:38,160 --> 00:04:41,160 What is too much tea and coffee, or is there such a thing? 94 00:04:41,160 --> 00:04:44,080 Coffee, I don't know, two a day... Two caffeinated coffees, like, 95 00:04:44,080 --> 00:04:47,320 you know, because it's stronger. Tea's not as caffeinated, right? 96 00:04:47,320 --> 00:04:49,920 Or I assume it's not. I don't know. I feel like it's not. 97 00:04:49,920 --> 00:04:52,480 You can have a tea before bed and you'd still be able to sleep, 98 00:04:52,480 --> 00:04:54,920 whereas I think if I had a coffee before bed, I'd be like... 99 00:04:56,400 --> 00:04:58,040 Our tea drinkers are right. 100 00:04:58,040 --> 00:05:01,720 A mug of ordinary tea has about three quarters of the caffeine 101 00:05:01,720 --> 00:05:04,520 that's in the same sized mug of instant coffee. 102 00:05:04,520 --> 00:05:08,200 I drink about five cups of coffee a day but I worry that might be 103 00:05:08,200 --> 00:05:12,680 too much. I've arranged to meet GP Dr Aisha Sharif... 104 00:05:12,680 --> 00:05:14,440 Hello. How are you? 105 00:05:14,440 --> 00:05:15,640 Very well, thank you. 106 00:05:15,640 --> 00:05:16,920 '..who's quick to tell me 107 00:05:16,920 --> 00:05:19,840 'there's no need to be quite so cautious about caffeine.' 108 00:05:20,960 --> 00:05:23,640 For most normal, healthy adults, 109 00:05:23,640 --> 00:05:26,160 we don't specify a limit to the caffeine. 110 00:05:26,160 --> 00:05:28,800 Obviously, for pregnant ladies, 111 00:05:28,800 --> 00:05:33,640 there is some guidance and we say 200 milligrams is safe. 112 00:05:34,760 --> 00:05:38,480 With too much caffeine linked to low birth weight and an increased 113 00:05:38,480 --> 00:05:41,920 risk of miscarriage, pregnant women are advised to drink no more than a 114 00:05:41,920 --> 00:05:46,240 couple of cups of instant coffee or just under three cups of tea a day. 115 00:05:46,240 --> 00:05:49,520 For the rest of us, though, there's no official limit, 116 00:05:49,520 --> 00:05:52,280 and because our bodies all react differently to caffeine, 117 00:05:52,280 --> 00:05:55,760 there's no hard and fast rule for how much it will take 118 00:05:55,760 --> 00:05:57,880 for any side effects to kick in. 119 00:05:57,880 --> 00:06:01,800 There are problems with drinking large volumes of caffeine. 120 00:06:01,800 --> 00:06:05,280 You may be having a bit too much stimulation, so you may be finding 121 00:06:05,280 --> 00:06:09,800 that your heart races and a huge problem for me as a GP is insomnia. 122 00:06:09,800 --> 00:06:12,400 So lack of sleep, what does that do to people? 123 00:06:12,400 --> 00:06:15,880 Well, I think it starts to... If you have got some anxiety problems, 124 00:06:15,880 --> 00:06:17,480 it can heighten your anxiety. 125 00:06:17,480 --> 00:06:20,560 If you are susceptible to having certain heart conditions, 126 00:06:20,560 --> 00:06:24,600 for example, we have quite a rare condition called SVT, 127 00:06:24,600 --> 00:06:28,640 which is where the heart starts to race faster than it should, 128 00:06:28,640 --> 00:06:32,240 which can be potentially dangerous for certain people. 129 00:06:33,520 --> 00:06:35,400 Experts say our bodies and brains 130 00:06:35,400 --> 00:06:38,400 naturally regulate the amount of caffeine we drink, 131 00:06:38,400 --> 00:06:41,560 and we're actually very good at stopping when we've had enough, 132 00:06:41,560 --> 00:06:44,800 and while some people say that caffeine gives them the shakes, 133 00:06:44,800 --> 00:06:47,960 Aisha says that that's just a short-term effect 134 00:06:47,960 --> 00:06:50,040 and there's no long-term harm. 135 00:06:50,040 --> 00:06:53,520 So she finds all those scaremongering headlines laughable. 136 00:06:54,800 --> 00:06:56,800 "Are you addicted to coffee? 137 00:06:56,800 --> 00:07:01,840 "Doctors are now treating caffeine use disorders with therapy." Yes! 138 00:07:01,840 --> 00:07:04,840 I've yet to meet a doctor who's actually doing that. 139 00:07:04,840 --> 00:07:08,400 I don't find that that's a huge problem, certainly where I work. 140 00:07:08,400 --> 00:07:10,480 "Are you a secret caffeine addict? 141 00:07:10,480 --> 00:07:12,760 "The health dangers of drinking too much tea and coffee." 142 00:07:12,760 --> 00:07:16,920 I think that's overplaying a very safe drink. Is it addictive, though? 143 00:07:16,920 --> 00:07:19,600 Is caffeine an addictive substance? 144 00:07:19,600 --> 00:07:24,520 Most common-sense feeling on that is yes, you do desire a cup 145 00:07:24,520 --> 00:07:26,920 when you've been used to drinking a cup in the morning 146 00:07:26,920 --> 00:07:30,320 and people do notice they get headaches and feel sluggish 147 00:07:30,320 --> 00:07:32,280 when they stop drinking coffee. 148 00:07:32,280 --> 00:07:34,040 But that's a reasonably short-term... 149 00:07:34,040 --> 00:07:37,120 Exactly, one or two days and it's out of your system. 150 00:07:37,120 --> 00:07:40,080 So my five or six cups, you're telling me that 151 00:07:40,080 --> 00:07:43,200 that's perfectly safe and I'm absolutely fine to continue with it. 152 00:07:43,200 --> 00:07:44,600 Absolutely safe, yeah. 153 00:07:45,960 --> 00:07:49,840 So if we're safe to ignore those terrifying headlines, what about 154 00:07:49,840 --> 00:07:53,840 the ones that tell us that tea and coffee can do us all manner of good? 155 00:07:53,840 --> 00:07:57,560 I want to find out if there's any truth to those too. 156 00:07:57,560 --> 00:08:00,760 So I'm going to stage my very own battle of the brews. 157 00:08:00,760 --> 00:08:02,760 I'll fight the corner for coffee, 158 00:08:02,760 --> 00:08:05,280 but I need someone to head up Team Tea. 159 00:08:06,880 --> 00:08:09,320 Hello! Hello. How are you? 160 00:08:09,320 --> 00:08:12,360 I'm very well, thank you. I'm not here for a haircut, though. OK. 161 00:08:12,360 --> 00:08:14,320 But I do hear you make a mean cup of tea. 162 00:08:14,320 --> 00:08:18,120 I'm going to make you one, then, and you can tell me if that is true. 163 00:08:18,120 --> 00:08:19,240 Yes, please, yeah. 164 00:08:19,240 --> 00:08:21,880 Just like me, nice and strong. OK. Thank you very much. 165 00:08:21,880 --> 00:08:26,200 'Lady Job runs this hair salon in South London, and like many of us, 166 00:08:26,200 --> 00:08:29,760 'she can't get through a working day without a few brews.' 167 00:08:29,760 --> 00:08:32,040 What's the secret to a good cup of tea? 168 00:08:32,040 --> 00:08:36,000 The secret to a good cup of tea, to be honest with you, 169 00:08:36,000 --> 00:08:40,160 brew very well, not too strong, though, and a bit of biscuit. 170 00:08:40,160 --> 00:08:44,520 So how many cups of tea would you say you drink every day? 171 00:08:44,520 --> 00:08:46,560 Do I need to tell you that? Um... 172 00:08:46,560 --> 00:08:51,000 I think maybe something like a minimum of five. It might be more. 173 00:08:51,000 --> 00:08:53,800 More than five? How many more than five? 174 00:08:53,800 --> 00:08:55,720 Confession, maybe around seven. 175 00:08:57,280 --> 00:09:00,000 'Clearly tea is an essential part of Lady's day. 176 00:09:00,000 --> 00:09:03,600 'In fact, she reckons she couldn't live without it.' 177 00:09:03,600 --> 00:09:06,960 So what do you think tea's good for? It's a pick-me-up. 178 00:09:06,960 --> 00:09:08,800 It keeps me going through the day 179 00:09:08,800 --> 00:09:11,440 and especially winter, you can't do without tea. 180 00:09:11,440 --> 00:09:15,240 I actually read somewhere that caffeine is good for the hair. 181 00:09:15,240 --> 00:09:16,520 Hair? Yes. 182 00:09:16,520 --> 00:09:19,440 Well, you're drinking lots of tea and you've got fantastic hair. 183 00:09:19,440 --> 00:09:23,280 So I think there might be something in that. Oh, well, what can I say? 184 00:09:24,920 --> 00:09:28,600 'So, with Lady drinking even more tea than I do coffee, 185 00:09:28,600 --> 00:09:31,040 'which of us is making the better choice? 186 00:09:31,040 --> 00:09:34,320 'I've arranged for the pair of us to meet Professor Gary Williamson. 187 00:09:34,320 --> 00:09:37,680 'He's an expert in how our bodies are affected by the food we eat 188 00:09:37,680 --> 00:09:42,320 'and he's been studying tea, coffee and caffeine for years.' 189 00:09:42,320 --> 00:09:48,360 So, Gary, the lovely Lady here is a huge tea fan. I'm a big coffee fan. 190 00:09:48,360 --> 00:09:52,040 We both drink enough of it to sink a battleship. 191 00:09:52,040 --> 00:09:54,800 Whose drink is healthiest? 192 00:09:54,800 --> 00:09:57,960 Well, it's not really as simple as which one is the most healthy 193 00:09:57,960 --> 00:10:01,520 because it really depends on what health parameter, 194 00:10:01,520 --> 00:10:03,800 what health impact you're going for. 195 00:10:03,800 --> 00:10:06,720 Tea and coffee, they're both quite healthy. 196 00:10:06,720 --> 00:10:10,160 So let's see how many of those headlines about health benefits 197 00:10:10,160 --> 00:10:11,840 are true, starting with one saying 198 00:10:11,840 --> 00:10:14,600 tea can help if you've got high cholesterol. 199 00:10:14,600 --> 00:10:15,880 That's true. 200 00:10:15,880 --> 00:10:18,640 If you have lots of tea, there's been plenty of studies 201 00:10:18,640 --> 00:10:21,480 to show that you can reduce some cholesterol. 202 00:10:21,480 --> 00:10:23,960 It's not going to be as much as taking drugs. 203 00:10:23,960 --> 00:10:26,480 It's not going to rescue you if you've got high cholesterol 204 00:10:26,480 --> 00:10:29,080 but it's a subtle effect, like most things in nutrition. 205 00:10:29,080 --> 00:10:32,320 Are you happy to hear that? Very happy to hear that. 206 00:10:32,320 --> 00:10:36,360 'But coffee's got some pretty impressive benefits too.' 207 00:10:36,360 --> 00:10:40,280 If you look at something like type II diabetes, actually, 208 00:10:40,280 --> 00:10:45,440 coffee is really well protective against developing type II diabetes. 209 00:10:45,440 --> 00:10:47,160 But tea is also good, 210 00:10:47,160 --> 00:10:50,120 but it's not quite as good as coffee for diabetes. OK. 211 00:10:50,120 --> 00:10:52,520 But if you look at heart disease, 212 00:10:52,520 --> 00:10:56,880 then probably tea is a little bit better, and especially green tea 213 00:10:56,880 --> 00:11:00,520 is particularly good for protecting against heart disease. 214 00:11:00,520 --> 00:11:04,040 'And while your cuppa isn't going to instantly cure anything, 215 00:11:04,040 --> 00:11:07,840 'it doesn't take much to get that extra bit of protection.' 216 00:11:07,840 --> 00:11:10,960 Once you have about three or four cups, drinking more than that 217 00:11:10,960 --> 00:11:14,040 is probably not going to make too much difference. OK. 218 00:11:14,040 --> 00:11:18,000 But it's really down to your individual preference for caffeine. 219 00:11:18,000 --> 00:11:20,440 And you know some people can tolerate it better, 220 00:11:20,440 --> 00:11:23,080 some people can tolerate it less well. 221 00:11:23,080 --> 00:11:24,760 'Tea and coffee can be good for us 222 00:11:24,760 --> 00:11:27,880 'because they both contain something called polyphenols, 223 00:11:27,880 --> 00:11:32,120 'naturally occurring chemicals known to have huge health benefits, 224 00:11:32,120 --> 00:11:36,400 'but how many of those all-important polyphenols we get from a cuppa 225 00:11:36,400 --> 00:11:40,000 'depends on the type of brew we choose and how we make it - 226 00:11:40,000 --> 00:11:43,680 'whether it's decaf, filter, teabags or instant, Gary says 227 00:11:43,680 --> 00:11:47,440 'they can all be good for us, but some are even better than others. 228 00:11:48,680 --> 00:11:52,280 'So I've asked him to help us rank the best of the best and put some 229 00:11:52,280 --> 00:11:56,880 'of our most popular hot drinks in the order he thinks is healthiest. 230 00:11:56,880 --> 00:11:58,840 'First up, a herbal favourite. 231 00:11:58,840 --> 00:12:01,440 'It's believed to help us get a better night's sleep, 232 00:12:01,440 --> 00:12:04,680 'so is chamomile tea actually good for us?' 233 00:12:04,680 --> 00:12:09,280 Right, I would say that's up there with one of the best. 234 00:12:09,280 --> 00:12:13,640 That's a good one. It's got lots of polyphenols in the chamomile. 235 00:12:13,640 --> 00:12:16,880 It's got no caffeine... And... And it's got no calories. 236 00:12:16,880 --> 00:12:20,360 No calories, no caffeine. And lots of polyphenols. 237 00:12:20,360 --> 00:12:24,040 'As Aisha told me earlier, there's no problem with having caffeine, 238 00:12:24,040 --> 00:12:26,920 'but because it's a stimulant and some people are more sensitive 239 00:12:26,920 --> 00:12:30,600 'to it, it's the drinks with less caffeine that Gary ranks highest, 240 00:12:30,600 --> 00:12:34,000 'which has a surprising impact on how he rates the coffees.' 241 00:12:35,520 --> 00:12:39,920 I'd put espresso probably somewhere in the middle. Right, OK. 242 00:12:39,920 --> 00:12:43,160 'Filter coffee, which has less caffeine than espresso, 243 00:12:43,160 --> 00:12:44,960 'is a little higher.' 244 00:12:44,960 --> 00:12:47,800 So now we've got instant coffee. 245 00:12:47,800 --> 00:12:49,400 I would have that reasonably high. 246 00:12:49,400 --> 00:12:53,840 Not too much caffeine, plenty of polyphenols, you know, 247 00:12:53,840 --> 00:12:57,280 relatively easy to drink and prepare. Yeah. 248 00:12:57,280 --> 00:13:00,600 So I think I would probably put that fairly high. 249 00:13:00,600 --> 00:13:02,920 So if we put that up there, yeah. 250 00:13:02,920 --> 00:13:05,600 And now we've got an instant decaf. 251 00:13:05,600 --> 00:13:07,040 No caffeine. No caffeine. 252 00:13:07,040 --> 00:13:10,280 Polyphenols, still. Polyphenols, and no calories. 253 00:13:10,280 --> 00:13:12,440 And no calories, so I would put that high. 254 00:13:12,440 --> 00:13:14,480 I would pretty much have that top. Top? 255 00:13:14,480 --> 00:13:16,120 I would pretty much have that top. 256 00:13:16,120 --> 00:13:19,200 Because there could be no negatives. Because there's no negatives. 257 00:13:19,200 --> 00:13:22,240 'Coffee connoisseurs might say there are tastier cups, 258 00:13:22,240 --> 00:13:26,120 'but with plenty of polyphenols, no calories and no caffeine, 259 00:13:26,120 --> 00:13:30,200 'your mug of black decaf instant coffee would top Gary's list. 260 00:13:30,200 --> 00:13:32,320 'Some other coffees go much further down. 261 00:13:32,320 --> 00:13:34,200 'If they haven't been through a filter, 262 00:13:34,200 --> 00:13:37,080 'they will contain more of the compounds that have been shown 263 00:13:37,080 --> 00:13:39,720 'to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, 264 00:13:39,720 --> 00:13:42,400 'so that breakfast table favourite, the cafetiere, 265 00:13:42,400 --> 00:13:43,880 'is the lowest scorer so far. 266 00:13:45,360 --> 00:13:49,160 'So does that mean Lady's favourite tea, English breakfast, 267 00:13:49,160 --> 00:13:51,480 'is destined for the top of the table?' 268 00:13:51,480 --> 00:13:53,800 One of the problems with the breakfast tea is that 269 00:13:53,800 --> 00:13:56,400 the polyphenols are not so easily absorbed by the body. 270 00:13:56,400 --> 00:13:59,680 It's all in there, it's all about how our body absorbs it. 271 00:13:59,680 --> 00:14:00,920 Exactly, exactly. 272 00:14:00,920 --> 00:14:03,520 Right, OK, so we're going to put this one, unfortunately, 273 00:14:03,520 --> 00:14:06,640 probably what's drank most in the country... 274 00:14:06,640 --> 00:14:08,840 It's not so high. 275 00:14:08,840 --> 00:14:10,840 Aww! That's a shame, isn't it? That is a shame. 276 00:14:10,840 --> 00:14:13,360 I know, it's very annoying because I love tea. I'm sorry, Lady. 277 00:14:13,360 --> 00:14:15,000 So we keep it here. 278 00:14:15,000 --> 00:14:18,200 'But the nation's favourite tea isn't lowest on the table. 279 00:14:18,200 --> 00:14:21,360 'It's just about level pegging with a relatively obscure one 280 00:14:21,360 --> 00:14:25,720 'called rooibos, or redbush, which, like English breakfast tea, 281 00:14:25,720 --> 00:14:30,040 'doesn't release its polyphenols quite as easily as coffee. 282 00:14:30,040 --> 00:14:33,520 'If our table was bigger, green tea and some herbal teas would be 283 00:14:33,520 --> 00:14:36,960 'right up there with chamomile as being super healthy. 284 00:14:36,960 --> 00:14:38,560 'But, according to Gary, 285 00:14:38,560 --> 00:14:41,680 'they're all trumped by that instant decaf coffee. 286 00:14:41,680 --> 00:14:44,480 'It's at the top of the table because it's got no caffeine, 287 00:14:44,480 --> 00:14:48,040 'no calories and plenty of easily absorbed polyphenols. 288 00:14:49,160 --> 00:14:51,040 'It might have come out top here, 289 00:14:51,040 --> 00:14:53,840 'but Gary says there are no losers on this table.' 290 00:14:53,840 --> 00:14:57,040 I think we've done quite well in ordering them, 291 00:14:57,040 --> 00:15:00,160 but just remember that all of them really are quite good. 292 00:15:00,160 --> 00:15:03,480 So, yes, we haven't gone from good to bad, we've gone from... Good... 293 00:15:03,480 --> 00:15:05,720 ..very good to still pretty good. 294 00:15:05,720 --> 00:15:09,240 'But I'm still a competitive chap, so I've got to say that 295 00:15:09,240 --> 00:15:13,560 'I'm delighted to see coffee coming out ahead of Lady's favourite, tea. 296 00:15:13,560 --> 00:15:15,920 'Of course, whichever is your preference, 297 00:15:15,920 --> 00:15:19,000 'adding milk and sugar like Lady does will mean there's more calories 298 00:15:19,000 --> 00:15:22,960 'in your cup, and while I can't convince her to switch to coffee, 299 00:15:22,960 --> 00:15:25,320 'she is prepared to make some sacrifices 300 00:15:25,320 --> 00:15:27,600 'that can only make her drink healthier.' 301 00:15:29,040 --> 00:15:31,960 Now I think what I have to do is to cut down on the milk, 302 00:15:31,960 --> 00:15:35,560 maybe reduce the amount of sugar, if that adds a calorie to it. 303 00:15:35,560 --> 00:15:36,960 And the biscuits with it. 304 00:15:36,960 --> 00:15:38,120 THEY LAUGH 305 00:15:38,120 --> 00:15:40,080 You have to have biscuits! No, you do. 306 00:15:40,080 --> 00:15:41,600 Who's drinking all of this? 307 00:15:41,600 --> 00:15:42,800 LAUGHTER 308 00:15:42,800 --> 00:15:45,880 Not me. Or who's paying for it, more to the point? Taxi! 309 00:15:53,320 --> 00:15:57,120 Now, if there is one claim we regularly see made for what we eat, 310 00:15:57,120 --> 00:15:59,760 it's that certain foods can either cause 311 00:15:59,760 --> 00:16:02,000 or alternatively help combat cancer. 312 00:16:02,000 --> 00:16:05,360 There can't be many things that the papers haven't linked it to - 313 00:16:05,360 --> 00:16:09,320 foods such as red meat and sugar have been blamed for making it worse 314 00:16:09,320 --> 00:16:12,120 and everything from chilli, green tea and broccoli 315 00:16:12,120 --> 00:16:15,600 can apparently fight it, but I suppose the question is, 316 00:16:15,600 --> 00:16:18,680 how much of it is true? Especially as in some cases 317 00:16:18,680 --> 00:16:22,200 the same foods that one day we're told might cause cancer, 318 00:16:22,200 --> 00:16:24,560 another day, up pops a headline saying that 319 00:16:24,560 --> 00:16:27,360 they may be something that could actually help fend it off, 320 00:16:27,360 --> 00:16:30,120 or, better still, even possibly cure it. 321 00:16:30,120 --> 00:16:32,920 Now, sadly we've both had cancer in our families 322 00:16:32,920 --> 00:16:36,280 and it's very easy to see how anyone who has the condition, 323 00:16:36,280 --> 00:16:39,000 because it's tough, will do whatever they can 324 00:16:39,000 --> 00:16:41,000 to improve their chances against it. 325 00:16:41,000 --> 00:16:43,560 But, you know, those headlines really don't help 326 00:16:43,560 --> 00:16:47,160 when you're looking for a definitive answer, so I wanted to find out 327 00:16:47,160 --> 00:16:48,760 which of them might be correct 328 00:16:48,760 --> 00:16:51,840 and which might be completely barking up the wrong tree. 329 00:16:54,080 --> 00:16:57,640 It's estimated that around half of us will get cancer at some point 330 00:16:57,640 --> 00:17:00,760 in our lives, and although that's a very sobering figure, 331 00:17:00,760 --> 00:17:03,640 thanks to improved treatments and better research, 332 00:17:03,640 --> 00:17:07,080 over half of those diagnosed will now survive. 333 00:17:07,080 --> 00:17:09,920 But anyone who's been told they have cancer will say 334 00:17:09,920 --> 00:17:12,760 they'll do whatever it takes to fight the disease, 335 00:17:12,760 --> 00:17:16,800 including making big changes to their lifestyle and their diet. 336 00:17:18,000 --> 00:17:21,720 And that's something that I'm afraid I know only too well. 337 00:17:21,720 --> 00:17:24,440 When my daughter Caron was diagnosed with cancer, 338 00:17:24,440 --> 00:17:27,240 she searched high and low, and indeed worldwide, 339 00:17:27,240 --> 00:17:31,120 for anything that might help her deal with cancer in a better way, 340 00:17:31,120 --> 00:17:32,880 but I really want to point out that 341 00:17:32,880 --> 00:17:36,720 she did all of that in conjunction with her orthodox medical treatment, 342 00:17:36,720 --> 00:17:39,680 in other words, with guidance from her doctors. 343 00:17:39,680 --> 00:17:43,240 Since then, of course, the internet has been flooded with 344 00:17:43,240 --> 00:17:46,920 even more so-called health websites peddling miracle cures, 345 00:17:46,920 --> 00:17:50,280 and open any newspaper and you'll be confronted with articles 346 00:17:50,280 --> 00:17:54,280 claiming that some foods could help you conquer the condition. 347 00:17:54,280 --> 00:17:57,240 You know, some of the headlines are absolutely ridiculous 348 00:17:57,240 --> 00:17:58,960 and they contradict each other, 349 00:17:58,960 --> 00:18:01,160 and others just seem to be too good to be true, 350 00:18:01,160 --> 00:18:03,640 but on the other hand, inside all of us, I think, 351 00:18:03,640 --> 00:18:05,920 and particularly those dealing with cancer, 352 00:18:05,920 --> 00:18:09,240 they have that little glimmer of hope that some of it might work. 353 00:18:10,600 --> 00:18:14,720 Well, one person who's seen and indeed tried lots of the so-called 354 00:18:14,720 --> 00:18:18,680 solutions touted by the papers is Carl Denning from Leeds. 355 00:18:18,680 --> 00:18:22,320 Carl has battled with pancreatic cancer for four years 356 00:18:22,320 --> 00:18:24,200 so of course he takes seriously 357 00:18:24,200 --> 00:18:28,120 any claims made about foods that could help him fight the condition. 358 00:18:29,120 --> 00:18:33,600 I've tried everything from veganism to alkaline diet. 359 00:18:33,600 --> 00:18:35,480 I've started so many different things 360 00:18:35,480 --> 00:18:38,320 and also because there's so many different diets out there, 361 00:18:38,320 --> 00:18:40,240 you're trying to take them all on board. 362 00:18:40,240 --> 00:18:45,200 I think it's good to be open-minded about any claim. 363 00:18:46,320 --> 00:18:48,120 Being open-minded is one thing, 364 00:18:48,120 --> 00:18:52,440 but Carl says he's getting fed up with all the mixed messages. 365 00:18:52,440 --> 00:18:56,160 When you do all your research and when you read all your newspapers 366 00:18:56,160 --> 00:18:59,640 and you get bombarded by it on social media 367 00:18:59,640 --> 00:19:02,760 and your friends send you links and your family, 368 00:19:02,760 --> 00:19:06,640 putting you on a diet, and people buy you the newest book 369 00:19:06,640 --> 00:19:11,120 and by the end of it all, you get so many different mixed messages. 370 00:19:11,120 --> 00:19:15,320 In Carl's constant search for that Holy Grail food that might help 371 00:19:15,320 --> 00:19:18,560 beat cancer, he's compared and contrasted dozens of 372 00:19:18,560 --> 00:19:22,760 contradictory newspaper claims and put them all into a spreadsheet 373 00:19:22,760 --> 00:19:25,760 to see how many foods the reports agreed on. 374 00:19:25,760 --> 00:19:28,640 Unfortunately, it was a very short list. 375 00:19:28,640 --> 00:19:32,200 The only things that were really safe at the end of it all 376 00:19:32,200 --> 00:19:34,680 were, like, yams and lemons. 377 00:19:34,680 --> 00:19:39,120 I like my food and no-one can live off yams and lemons. 378 00:19:40,520 --> 00:19:43,960 But like me, Carl doesn't think it's right that the reports seem 379 00:19:43,960 --> 00:19:47,640 to contradict themselves so often, and he wants to take a straw poll 380 00:19:47,640 --> 00:19:51,880 of what shoppers in his home city of Leeds make of some of the headlines. 381 00:19:51,880 --> 00:19:54,520 "How green tea can kill cancer cells." 382 00:19:54,520 --> 00:19:57,520 What do you think when you read an article like that? 383 00:19:57,520 --> 00:20:02,280 I am aware that food plays a big part in the health of your body 384 00:20:02,280 --> 00:20:04,440 and you have to be careful what you eat. 385 00:20:04,440 --> 00:20:07,840 "Yoghurt and cheese protects women from breast cancer." 386 00:20:07,840 --> 00:20:10,440 When you read that, do you think there's any truth? 387 00:20:10,440 --> 00:20:13,560 I don't take any notice of these headlines. 388 00:20:13,560 --> 00:20:18,360 I think any advice is worthwhile listening to 389 00:20:18,360 --> 00:20:21,160 and some things are scary, 390 00:20:21,160 --> 00:20:24,560 but it's not there to scare you. It's there to help you. 391 00:20:26,200 --> 00:20:29,720 My gorgeous daughter Caron spent seven years battling cancer, 392 00:20:29,720 --> 00:20:32,960 and while she did make some changes to her diet and fitness 393 00:20:32,960 --> 00:20:36,800 to give her body the best possible chance of winning that fight, 394 00:20:36,800 --> 00:20:40,080 there's undoubtedly so much more information out there now 395 00:20:40,080 --> 00:20:42,320 than there used to be. 396 00:20:42,320 --> 00:20:45,360 Carl and I have come to Maggie's, a national cancer charity 397 00:20:45,360 --> 00:20:49,080 'offering support and advice on all kinds of issues, 398 00:20:49,080 --> 00:20:51,200 'including what to eat.' 399 00:20:51,200 --> 00:20:52,880 And this is Carl. Nice to meet you. 400 00:20:52,880 --> 00:20:56,960 'Catherine Zabilowicz is one of the charity's nutritional advisors 401 00:20:56,960 --> 00:21:01,480 'and specialises in helping people who have been diagnosed with cancer 402 00:21:01,480 --> 00:21:05,920 'to find the best possible things to eat to help their recovery.' 403 00:21:05,920 --> 00:21:09,120 We've obviously heard how Carl has tried pretty well everything 404 00:21:09,120 --> 00:21:12,280 and looked into all the diets, so when a person is diagnosed 405 00:21:12,280 --> 00:21:14,920 with cancer, what are they advised to eat or not eat? 406 00:21:14,920 --> 00:21:16,960 So research shows that we know that 407 00:21:16,960 --> 00:21:20,480 eating a predominantly plant-based diet can be very helpful, 408 00:21:20,480 --> 00:21:24,320 so when you're eating a good variety of your vegetables and fruit, 409 00:21:24,320 --> 00:21:26,880 you'll be getting lots of these plant chemicals 410 00:21:26,880 --> 00:21:29,640 and we know they all have anti-cancer properties, 411 00:21:29,640 --> 00:21:32,240 so if we're eating lots of colourful fruit and vegetables, 412 00:21:32,240 --> 00:21:36,560 we're getting more of those into our body, so variety, probably, 413 00:21:36,560 --> 00:21:38,080 is the spice of life. 414 00:21:38,080 --> 00:21:41,440 'It's a message that Carl had been given by his doctors 415 00:21:41,440 --> 00:21:44,720 'and it led him to make a big change to his own diet 416 00:21:44,720 --> 00:21:46,240 'by becoming a vegan.' 417 00:21:46,240 --> 00:21:50,360 I've tried the vegan diet. I've tried non-dairy at the beginning, 418 00:21:50,360 --> 00:21:53,560 and you do seem to try to take everything on board. 419 00:21:53,560 --> 00:21:57,120 'But after a few weeks, he had to stop because he was so hungry 420 00:21:57,120 --> 00:21:59,400 'and really wasn't enjoying it. 421 00:21:59,400 --> 00:22:02,920 'So now, after seeing headlines linking meat to cancer, 422 00:22:02,920 --> 00:22:05,760 'in both a good and a bad way, he wants to know 423 00:22:05,760 --> 00:22:09,120 'if it's really something he should be eating at all.' 424 00:22:09,120 --> 00:22:13,080 We hear an awful lot about meat in all sorts of conditions, 425 00:22:13,080 --> 00:22:17,040 but in terms of cancer, what's your advice about meat in the diet? 426 00:22:17,040 --> 00:22:19,320 Well, I'm a proponent of meat. 427 00:22:19,320 --> 00:22:22,880 I think that actually it gives us a lot of nutrients, 428 00:22:22,880 --> 00:22:25,720 good protein, particularly some meats like organ meats 429 00:22:25,720 --> 00:22:28,800 and things like that, which we don't tend to eat so much of now. 430 00:22:28,800 --> 00:22:31,960 For people who are under treatment or have cancer, 431 00:22:31,960 --> 00:22:33,640 anaemia is often a problem, 432 00:22:33,640 --> 00:22:37,240 so meat, really, and especially organ meats, are one of the best 433 00:22:37,240 --> 00:22:39,560 ways of actually counteracting that. 434 00:22:39,560 --> 00:22:43,000 'But not all meat comes with such a ringing endorsement, 435 00:22:43,000 --> 00:22:46,240 'and here again, it's so easy to see why people like Carl 436 00:22:46,240 --> 00:22:49,280 'could be so confused about whether it's safe or not 437 00:22:49,280 --> 00:22:53,800 'because in 2015 the World Health Organization revealed that 438 00:22:53,800 --> 00:22:56,880 'processed and red meat could cause cancer.' 439 00:22:56,880 --> 00:22:59,400 Most of the research really points 440 00:22:59,400 --> 00:23:03,200 to the processed meats being the ones that we should avoid, 441 00:23:03,200 --> 00:23:06,840 you know, your bacon and ham and salamis and things like that, 442 00:23:06,840 --> 00:23:10,240 and I always say to people, "Don't eat too much meat." 443 00:23:10,240 --> 00:23:13,160 I certainly don't recommend a high meat diet. 444 00:23:13,160 --> 00:23:15,520 What, once or twice a week? Yeah, exactly. 445 00:23:16,840 --> 00:23:20,320 'So while those meat headlines are backed up with science, Catherine 446 00:23:20,320 --> 00:23:24,200 'says not every story we read is based on such solid evidence.' 447 00:23:25,680 --> 00:23:29,000 The problem with a lot of this research is that 448 00:23:29,000 --> 00:23:33,760 so often it's just seen a petri dish or seen in animals. 449 00:23:33,760 --> 00:23:37,560 There aren't the human trials quite often but the media picks up on that 450 00:23:37,560 --> 00:23:40,240 and obviously runs with a sensational headline. 451 00:23:40,240 --> 00:23:41,720 Does that frustrate you? 452 00:23:41,720 --> 00:23:45,000 Oh, it really does, because yeah, 453 00:23:45,000 --> 00:23:48,960 people do latch on to it and then they often get into difficulties 454 00:23:48,960 --> 00:23:51,520 and it becomes disempowering to the person, 455 00:23:51,520 --> 00:23:53,960 and that's certainly what we don't want, 456 00:23:53,960 --> 00:23:57,680 but if someone feels positive about what they're doing, that of course 457 00:23:57,680 --> 00:24:01,240 can have a huge influence and we know about the placebo effect. 458 00:24:01,240 --> 00:24:02,480 We know how strong that is 459 00:24:02,480 --> 00:24:05,520 and I think, you know, to some extent there's an element of that 460 00:24:05,520 --> 00:24:08,360 when we feel that we're putting the right food in our body. 461 00:24:08,360 --> 00:24:12,640 I genuinely believe that Caron lived much longer than her prognosis, 462 00:24:12,640 --> 00:24:15,040 and I believe that's because of her positivity. 463 00:24:15,040 --> 00:24:17,760 She felt that she was doing something that made her feel 464 00:24:17,760 --> 00:24:20,040 better and stronger at that time. 465 00:24:20,040 --> 00:24:22,160 I think it makes a massive difference, that, 466 00:24:22,160 --> 00:24:24,440 to have a real positive outlook 467 00:24:24,440 --> 00:24:28,480 and also just keep your mind active on more positive things. 468 00:24:28,480 --> 00:24:30,360 Totally agree, yeah. 469 00:24:30,360 --> 00:24:32,320 Whether it is just a placebo effect 470 00:24:32,320 --> 00:24:35,640 or something more powerful we'll never know, but I have to say 471 00:24:35,640 --> 00:24:39,360 I'm really disappointed that more than 12 years after we lost Caron, 472 00:24:39,360 --> 00:24:41,720 the list of foods that definitely can help 473 00:24:41,720 --> 00:24:43,880 doesn't seem to have got much longer. 474 00:24:45,360 --> 00:24:48,760 Caron had a very, very positive attitude and she made many changes 475 00:24:48,760 --> 00:24:50,440 to her diet and her lifestyle 476 00:24:50,440 --> 00:24:53,040 in the hope that she could conquer her cancer 477 00:24:53,040 --> 00:24:55,200 or at least manage it, and whereas, 478 00:24:55,200 --> 00:24:57,720 very sadly for me, and for all our family, 479 00:24:57,720 --> 00:24:59,240 it didn't work out like that, 480 00:24:59,240 --> 00:25:02,440 nevertheless, when I look at some of the headlines, I can see how 481 00:25:02,440 --> 00:25:05,800 perhaps she would have been lured in by the hope that they represent. 482 00:25:05,800 --> 00:25:09,320 And there's one food in particular that's been singled out 483 00:25:09,320 --> 00:25:13,040 and even called a miracle cancer killer - apricot kernels. 484 00:25:13,040 --> 00:25:17,440 Now, they're found inside the stones of apricots and contain a chemical 485 00:25:17,440 --> 00:25:20,680 that it's been reported directly attacks cancer cells. 486 00:25:20,680 --> 00:25:24,040 At the time I remember Caron used to eat them, and I can understand why 487 00:25:24,040 --> 00:25:27,120 'but you know, I'd completely forgotten about them 488 00:25:27,120 --> 00:25:30,080 'until I saw this headline last year, claiming that 489 00:25:30,080 --> 00:25:33,880 'far from curing your cancer, eating them could actually kill you. 490 00:25:33,880 --> 00:25:36,200 'The question is, are they a cure or a killer? 491 00:25:36,200 --> 00:25:39,920 'Well, I've come to see Dr Justine Alford from Cancer Research UK 492 00:25:39,920 --> 00:25:42,120 'to determine the truth.' 493 00:25:42,120 --> 00:25:45,240 Apricot kernels, you know, it's been hailed, really, 494 00:25:45,240 --> 00:25:49,600 as a magic cure in some way or if you eat them it prevents cancer. 495 00:25:49,600 --> 00:25:51,840 Is there any truth in that whatsoever? 496 00:25:51,840 --> 00:25:55,240 There's absolutely no truth in that whatsoever, unfortunately. 497 00:25:55,240 --> 00:25:57,520 In fact, not only is there no evidence that 498 00:25:57,520 --> 00:25:59,400 apricot kernels can cure cancer, 499 00:25:59,400 --> 00:26:02,360 there is evidence that they are very dangerous and that's because 500 00:26:02,360 --> 00:26:04,800 apricot kernels contain an ingredient that 501 00:26:04,800 --> 00:26:08,280 once inside your body gets broken down into hydrogen cyanide, 502 00:26:08,280 --> 00:26:10,600 so effectively yes, that does kill cells, 503 00:26:10,600 --> 00:26:14,200 but it will also kill your normal cells as well as your cancer cells 504 00:26:14,200 --> 00:26:17,200 and people have died of cyanide poisoning taking these, 505 00:26:17,200 --> 00:26:20,280 so they're extremely dangerous and we would never recommend that 506 00:26:20,280 --> 00:26:23,400 people try taking apricot kernels as a treatment for their cancer 507 00:26:23,400 --> 00:26:24,960 or for any other illness. 508 00:26:24,960 --> 00:26:28,440 A recent surge in the popularity of apricot kernels 509 00:26:28,440 --> 00:26:31,280 led the Food Standards Agency to warn that 510 00:26:31,280 --> 00:26:33,240 they should not be eaten at all. 511 00:26:33,240 --> 00:26:35,880 Now, I know my daughter Caron ate only a few each day 512 00:26:35,880 --> 00:26:38,560 in the hope that it would help, but the news that 513 00:26:38,560 --> 00:26:41,200 they're potentially so dangerous is chilling. 514 00:26:41,200 --> 00:26:44,480 I've got to say, though, it's great to get such a definite answer 515 00:26:44,480 --> 00:26:48,120 on at least one food because it seems we are constantly bombarded 516 00:26:48,120 --> 00:26:52,360 with reports that all manner of foods might be linked to cancer. 517 00:26:52,360 --> 00:26:56,200 Just last month, for example, the Food Standards Agency warned 518 00:26:56,200 --> 00:26:59,800 that overbrowning toast, chips and roast potatoes could mean 519 00:26:59,800 --> 00:27:03,360 that you take in too much of a chemical that could cause cancer, 520 00:27:03,360 --> 00:27:06,840 but where things get especially confusing is when different 521 00:27:06,840 --> 00:27:10,600 news reports might one day suggest a particular food causes cancer 522 00:27:10,600 --> 00:27:13,600 and then the next day says it protects against it, 523 00:27:13,600 --> 00:27:18,120 and that very mixed message is especially the case with dairy. 524 00:27:18,120 --> 00:27:20,720 My daughter was told not to have too much dairy, 525 00:27:20,720 --> 00:27:22,360 not to have too much cow's milk. 526 00:27:22,360 --> 00:27:25,160 Well, the evidence for dairy is actually inconclusive. 527 00:27:25,160 --> 00:27:26,320 The jury's still out 528 00:27:26,320 --> 00:27:29,520 when it comes to whether dairy can affect your risk of cancer. 529 00:27:29,520 --> 00:27:32,840 'Justine says there's only evidence that eating dairy could 530 00:27:32,840 --> 00:27:36,800 'reduce the risk of bowel cancer and there's certainly no proof 531 00:27:36,800 --> 00:27:40,320 'that other forms of cancer can be caused or cured by it. 532 00:27:40,320 --> 00:27:44,440 'So headlines like this may not be giving you the full picture.' 533 00:27:44,440 --> 00:27:47,760 Justine, is there any proof whatsoever that what we eat 534 00:27:47,760 --> 00:27:49,920 could actually help prevent cancer? 535 00:27:49,920 --> 00:27:52,640 There have been a lot of studies into diet and cancer but 536 00:27:52,640 --> 00:27:56,880 so far the evidence suggests that there is no specific single food 537 00:27:56,880 --> 00:27:59,800 or drink that can prevent us from getting cancer, 538 00:27:59,800 --> 00:28:03,800 but what you can do through your diet is lower the risk of 539 00:28:03,800 --> 00:28:06,040 developing certain types of cancer. 540 00:28:06,040 --> 00:28:09,440 So while there's no proof that any food can cure cancer 541 00:28:09,440 --> 00:28:12,680 and the jury is still out on whether some others could help 542 00:28:12,680 --> 00:28:16,320 fight against it, eating well and feeling happy about the changes 543 00:28:16,320 --> 00:28:19,440 you're making can have a very positive effect, 544 00:28:19,440 --> 00:28:22,880 and back in Leeds, that's certainly the case for Carl. 545 00:28:22,880 --> 00:28:25,200 Now he's preparing for another round of chemo 546 00:28:25,200 --> 00:28:28,680 but he's taken some of the advice he's heard on board in the hope that 547 00:28:28,680 --> 00:28:32,400 eating the right foods might help his body cope with the treatment, 548 00:28:32,400 --> 00:28:36,560 and he's consigned his spreadsheet of conflicting headlines to the bin. 549 00:28:37,560 --> 00:28:40,520 My advice is don't take everything word for word, 550 00:28:40,520 --> 00:28:43,200 do your little bit of research, look into it. 551 00:28:43,200 --> 00:28:46,800 The thing is, if you're going to follow a certain diet 552 00:28:46,800 --> 00:28:50,480 and actually put more stress onto your shoulders, 553 00:28:50,480 --> 00:28:53,040 you're going to add anxiety to your life 554 00:28:53,040 --> 00:28:55,880 and you're already in an anxious situation, 555 00:28:55,880 --> 00:28:57,760 so there's no point of doing that. 556 00:29:03,680 --> 00:29:06,840 I'm very happy to say that Carl is here. Lovely to see you again. 557 00:29:06,840 --> 00:29:09,560 Good to see you again, Gloria. And this is Chris. Lovely to meet you. 558 00:29:09,560 --> 00:29:11,600 How have things been, then, since we met before? 559 00:29:11,600 --> 00:29:13,560 Great, thank you. They've gone really well. 560 00:29:13,560 --> 00:29:15,360 So what changes to your diet did you make? 561 00:29:15,360 --> 00:29:19,280 I've started a low carb, no sugar diet. I feel better. 562 00:29:19,280 --> 00:29:22,640 The side effects of the chemo have been a lot shorter 563 00:29:22,640 --> 00:29:25,720 and I'm really enjoying actually cooking more. 564 00:29:25,720 --> 00:29:29,640 Less take-aways. Hopefully it will be a little bit better on my waist. 565 00:29:29,640 --> 00:29:32,080 What I'm interested in is your cancer reading. 566 00:29:32,080 --> 00:29:33,600 Has it made any difference to 567 00:29:33,600 --> 00:29:36,400 the readings that they give concerning your blood? 568 00:29:36,400 --> 00:29:40,320 Everything is kind of going in a positive direction. 569 00:29:40,320 --> 00:29:42,880 So that could be because of the chemo as well? 570 00:29:42,880 --> 00:29:47,080 I think the majority is the chemo, in all honesty, but I'm sure 571 00:29:47,080 --> 00:29:51,040 that the effects from the chemo have also dramatically dropped. 572 00:29:51,040 --> 00:29:54,720 You're saying these changes to your diet actually reduce 573 00:29:54,720 --> 00:29:57,160 the negative effects of chemotherapy? 574 00:29:57,160 --> 00:30:01,000 You know, I only can kind of speak personally, but I do think 575 00:30:01,000 --> 00:30:05,800 that every bit of help regarding chemo or food has helped. 576 00:30:05,800 --> 00:30:08,120 And he looks remarkable, doesn't he? You look great. 577 00:30:08,120 --> 00:30:10,640 Thank you very much for coming to see us. No, thank you very much. 578 00:30:10,640 --> 00:30:13,560 Cheers. And it's marvellous news that just a bit of extra knowledge 579 00:30:13,560 --> 00:30:16,680 and a change of diet has made such a difference to Carl's life, 580 00:30:16,680 --> 00:30:18,920 but you know, as a final thought, remember that 581 00:30:18,920 --> 00:30:22,440 all changes are individual and may not necessarily work for everybody. 582 00:30:22,440 --> 00:30:25,440 Worked for Carl, may not work for everybody, and of course, 583 00:30:25,440 --> 00:30:28,200 any changes need to be made with the help of your doctor, 584 00:30:28,200 --> 00:30:32,600 but what is truly fascinating to me is that changing what you eat and 585 00:30:32,600 --> 00:30:36,360 having the knowledge can make such a positive change to your wellbeing, 586 00:30:36,360 --> 00:30:39,080 and perhaps that's a lesson for all of us, so thank you, Carl. 587 00:30:39,080 --> 00:30:40,880 Thank you. Thank you very much. 588 00:30:46,720 --> 00:30:48,320 If you're looking for ideas on 589 00:30:48,320 --> 00:30:51,400 how to get more fruit and veg into your diet, as recommended 590 00:30:51,400 --> 00:30:53,240 by experts across the series, 591 00:30:53,240 --> 00:30:56,000 you can find plenty of simple recipes at... 592 00:30:58,760 --> 00:31:02,120 ..where you'll also find plenty more suggestions that tie in 593 00:31:02,120 --> 00:31:05,000 with the foods and topics we're talking about all week. 594 00:31:09,600 --> 00:31:11,640 Newspapers love to tell us stories 595 00:31:11,640 --> 00:31:14,520 about food and drink that do us all manner of harm, 596 00:31:14,520 --> 00:31:16,880 but the scare stories don't stop there. 597 00:31:16,880 --> 00:31:20,360 Now they're telling us what we drink FROM could be dangerous. 598 00:31:20,360 --> 00:31:22,760 Every day millions of us will buy one of these, 599 00:31:22,760 --> 00:31:25,440 and when we've finished with it, instead of throwing it away, 600 00:31:25,440 --> 00:31:27,600 we'll reuse it, filling it up from the tap, 601 00:31:27,600 --> 00:31:30,400 but recent headlines might make you think twice as to whether 602 00:31:30,400 --> 00:31:31,800 that's a good idea or not, 603 00:31:31,800 --> 00:31:35,200 so to test out whether reusing plastic bottles is dangerous, 604 00:31:35,200 --> 00:31:38,720 we've enlisted the help of some guys who certainly get plenty of use 605 00:31:38,720 --> 00:31:42,400 from theirs, Paralympian Steve Brown and his wheelchair rugby team. 606 00:31:45,480 --> 00:31:47,080 Over the last few decades, 607 00:31:47,080 --> 00:31:50,720 us Brits have developed a serious love affair with bottled water. 608 00:31:50,720 --> 00:31:53,400 Three billion litres of the stuff is sold every year, 609 00:31:53,400 --> 00:31:55,680 but instead of buying a new bottle every time, 610 00:31:55,680 --> 00:31:59,360 plenty of us will just fill up the old one from the tap. 611 00:31:59,360 --> 00:32:02,680 But whether you're putting one in your work bag, schoolbag, 612 00:32:02,680 --> 00:32:04,720 or, like me, your sports bag, 613 00:32:04,720 --> 00:32:07,040 some very alarming headlines say that 614 00:32:07,040 --> 00:32:08,280 us committed refillers 615 00:32:08,280 --> 00:32:10,760 could be playing fast and loose with our health, 616 00:32:10,760 --> 00:32:13,800 because some water bottles could apparently be dirtier 617 00:32:13,800 --> 00:32:15,520 than our toilet seats. 618 00:32:15,520 --> 00:32:18,800 I've been playing wheelchair rugby for more than a decade 619 00:32:18,800 --> 00:32:21,880 and my trusty water bottle comes with me wherever I go. 620 00:32:24,000 --> 00:32:26,840 If we drop the ball, we don't beat ourselves up. 621 00:32:26,840 --> 00:32:29,760 To complain and hit our wheels gets us nowhere. 622 00:32:29,760 --> 00:32:32,920 'For the team I coach, their water bottles are as much 623 00:32:32,920 --> 00:32:35,720 'a part of their kit as their gloves and their shirts, 624 00:32:35,720 --> 00:32:40,400 'but I, for one, don't wash my water bottle every time I wash my strip.' 625 00:32:40,400 --> 00:32:43,600 Right, so, who, like me, refills their water bottles? 626 00:32:43,600 --> 00:32:45,960 Andy? Yeah, I've had mine a couple of weeks. 627 00:32:45,960 --> 00:32:48,640 Yeah, you refill your water bottles? Tim? I refill. 628 00:32:48,640 --> 00:32:50,320 David? I refill. 629 00:32:50,320 --> 00:32:52,120 Omar? Yes. Harry? 630 00:32:52,120 --> 00:32:55,120 I don't, mate, no. You don't? I get a new bottle every time, yeah. 631 00:32:55,120 --> 00:32:57,200 'But according to some of the papers, 632 00:32:57,200 --> 00:33:00,880 'those of us who don't wash our water bottles could risk suffering 633 00:33:00,880 --> 00:33:02,800 'a nasty bout of food poisoning.' 634 00:33:02,800 --> 00:33:04,800 "How your plastic water bottle 635 00:33:04,800 --> 00:33:07,800 "could be harbouring more germs than a dog bowl." 636 00:33:07,800 --> 00:33:12,360 The amount of times I get licked and him picking up my bottle for me. 637 00:33:12,360 --> 00:33:14,480 You and your dog share the germs? 638 00:33:14,480 --> 00:33:17,960 It's probably... We've probably got the same amount of germs. 639 00:33:17,960 --> 00:33:19,680 The same germs. Yeah, beautiful. 640 00:33:19,680 --> 00:33:22,760 'Tim's possibly the worst offender here. 641 00:33:22,760 --> 00:33:25,920 'He says he's not washed his bottle for around a month, 642 00:33:25,920 --> 00:33:29,680 'and worse still, his helper dog regularly picks it up in his mouth.' 643 00:33:30,760 --> 00:33:33,320 So not only do I lick the end of it 644 00:33:33,320 --> 00:33:36,800 but it does get the dog's saliva on it as well. 645 00:33:36,800 --> 00:33:38,720 And your bottle has ultimately 646 00:33:38,720 --> 00:33:41,040 been on the floor in the process as well. Yes. 647 00:33:42,040 --> 00:33:43,840 'OK, so that sounds disgusting 648 00:33:43,840 --> 00:33:46,680 'but does it mean Tim's water bottle is harbouring 649 00:33:46,680 --> 00:33:49,920 'any more dangerous bacteria than the rest of the team's? 650 00:33:49,920 --> 00:33:53,240 'Well, to find out if there's any truth to those scare stories, 651 00:33:53,240 --> 00:33:55,800 'we're going to run some tests.' 652 00:33:55,800 --> 00:33:59,640 Guys, what I'd like to do is send our water bottles off for analysis 653 00:33:59,640 --> 00:34:02,560 and see if they really are as dirty as dog bowls. 654 00:34:03,600 --> 00:34:06,320 'I'm bagging up the bottles and taking them away. 655 00:34:06,320 --> 00:34:08,880 'Omar, Harry and Ben's are all brand-new. 656 00:34:08,880 --> 00:34:11,880 'But the rest of us refill our bottles without washing them. 657 00:34:11,880 --> 00:34:15,800 'I can't wait to see what the tests make of this lot, especially Tim's.' 658 00:34:19,800 --> 00:34:23,320 'I'm taking these sealed bags to London Metropolitan University 659 00:34:23,320 --> 00:34:26,920 'for testing by microbiologist Dr Paul Matewele. 660 00:34:26,920 --> 00:34:30,040 'He'll be checking the levels of bacteria lurking inside and 661 00:34:30,040 --> 00:34:32,520 'around the tops of the bottles.' 662 00:34:32,520 --> 00:34:35,680 Paul, thank you very much for inviting me down this afternoon. 663 00:34:35,680 --> 00:34:39,120 I've brought my own bottle along with all my team-mates' bottles. 664 00:34:39,120 --> 00:34:41,440 What are you expecting to find? 665 00:34:41,440 --> 00:34:43,600 I'm expecting to find 666 00:34:43,600 --> 00:34:47,520 some microorganisms that you get from the gut. 667 00:34:47,520 --> 00:34:50,200 'There could be a cocktail of bacteria lurking inside 668 00:34:50,200 --> 00:34:53,160 'some of these bottles, and they might cause anything from 669 00:34:53,160 --> 00:34:56,960 'a dicky tummy to serious abdominal pains and even worse. 670 00:34:56,960 --> 00:35:00,080 'I had never imagined I might pick up something like that 671 00:35:00,080 --> 00:35:01,480 'from my water bottle.' 672 00:35:02,720 --> 00:35:06,480 One of my team-mates, and I'll leave you to find out which one, 673 00:35:06,480 --> 00:35:09,440 has got a helper dog and when he drops his bottle, 674 00:35:09,440 --> 00:35:13,520 his dog picks the bottle up for him and passes it back to him. 675 00:35:13,520 --> 00:35:17,200 Oh, my goodness. In that case, we'll expect to see... 676 00:35:17,200 --> 00:35:19,640 We all have bacteria, 677 00:35:19,640 --> 00:35:22,920 but the animals also have their own bacteria, 678 00:35:22,920 --> 00:35:27,800 so that one, I'm expecting to see loads of dog bacteria... 679 00:35:29,120 --> 00:35:31,600 ..that you'll find in the mouth of a dog. 680 00:35:32,920 --> 00:35:35,400 'Of course, as well as bacteria that could lead to 681 00:35:35,400 --> 00:35:37,680 'a bad bout of gastroenteritis, 682 00:35:37,680 --> 00:35:42,800 'Dr Matewele's tests might uncover some not so nasty bugs too.' 683 00:35:42,800 --> 00:35:44,720 What about those wives' tales around, 684 00:35:44,720 --> 00:35:48,280 "Well, a few germs don't hurt you," and all that kind of thing? 685 00:35:48,280 --> 00:35:50,920 Surely that would be the same for the bottles. 686 00:35:50,920 --> 00:35:55,720 In theory, it's quite a good thing to be exposed, 687 00:35:55,720 --> 00:35:58,120 for the body to be exposed to bacteria, 688 00:35:58,120 --> 00:36:00,680 because it builds up your immune system, 689 00:36:00,680 --> 00:36:03,920 but there is a critical number 690 00:36:03,920 --> 00:36:06,320 and if it goes beyond that critical number, 691 00:36:06,320 --> 00:36:07,960 then probably we need to worry 692 00:36:07,960 --> 00:36:10,640 because the immune system can't cope with that. 693 00:36:10,640 --> 00:36:12,600 So to put that into context, 694 00:36:12,600 --> 00:36:16,360 my water bottle could be sitting in my car for two days, three days, 695 00:36:16,360 --> 00:36:19,040 I could fill it up and there wouldn't be a problem, 696 00:36:19,040 --> 00:36:22,360 but if I went back to that maybe five days or six days later, 697 00:36:22,360 --> 00:36:25,720 then the bacteria's built up to a point where it does cause an issue. 698 00:36:25,720 --> 00:36:27,760 Absolutely. Well... 699 00:36:27,760 --> 00:36:31,760 I think I look forward to finding out but I'm not sure, Doctor. 700 00:36:31,760 --> 00:36:35,000 Thank you very much and I will see you in a couple of weeks. 701 00:36:36,480 --> 00:36:40,760 After that conversation, I dread to think what Dr Matewele might find, 702 00:36:40,760 --> 00:36:44,320 but while I leave him to run those tests, there's a whole raft 703 00:36:44,320 --> 00:36:48,160 of other news stories suggesting an even more serious health threat. 704 00:36:48,160 --> 00:36:49,880 Some have even claimed that 705 00:36:49,880 --> 00:36:53,560 drinking from plastic bottles can cause cancer. 706 00:36:53,560 --> 00:36:55,160 I'm going to try something here. 707 00:36:55,160 --> 00:36:59,280 I'm going to type in "water bottle cancer" and let's see what comes up. 708 00:37:01,280 --> 00:37:04,600 "Plastic bottles and food containers, cancer," 709 00:37:04,600 --> 00:37:06,280 "cancer, water bottles," 710 00:37:06,280 --> 00:37:08,040 "the plastic plague." 711 00:37:08,040 --> 00:37:12,120 "Exposure to chemicals in plastic." There's loads. 712 00:37:12,120 --> 00:37:14,280 These online stories all relate to 713 00:37:14,280 --> 00:37:17,840 the plastic that some water bottles are made from, which contain 714 00:37:17,840 --> 00:37:19,960 chemicals known as BPAs. 715 00:37:19,960 --> 00:37:21,320 It's been suggested that 716 00:37:21,320 --> 00:37:23,760 if these bottles are used over and over again, 717 00:37:23,760 --> 00:37:27,360 the BPAs can dangerously contaminate the water. 718 00:37:27,360 --> 00:37:29,160 Now, these sorts of headlines 719 00:37:29,160 --> 00:37:32,280 have been getting a lot of attention on social media, 720 00:37:32,280 --> 00:37:33,600 shares and comments. 721 00:37:33,600 --> 00:37:37,600 And while it's never wise to believe everything you read online, 722 00:37:37,600 --> 00:37:40,640 some of these stories come from reputable publications 723 00:37:40,640 --> 00:37:43,920 so there's no wonder the message is getting through to some people. 724 00:37:43,920 --> 00:37:46,560 I read that if you use water bottles too much over again, 725 00:37:46,560 --> 00:37:47,760 they give you cancer. 726 00:37:47,760 --> 00:37:50,400 I did believe the stories about cancer and water bottles 727 00:37:50,400 --> 00:37:53,240 but I can't remember why and I'm still not clear today. 728 00:37:54,480 --> 00:37:57,240 But are any of these scare stories actually true? 729 00:37:57,240 --> 00:37:59,520 In fact, according to Cancer Research UK, 730 00:37:59,520 --> 00:38:01,760 they're almost entirely unfounded 731 00:38:01,760 --> 00:38:05,040 and started from a string of hoax e-mails and social media posts 732 00:38:05,040 --> 00:38:06,880 designed to make it look like 733 00:38:06,880 --> 00:38:09,680 they're backed up by scientific evidence. 734 00:38:09,680 --> 00:38:11,320 There have been lots of hoaxes 735 00:38:11,320 --> 00:38:15,160 about plastic bottles, specifically things like 736 00:38:15,160 --> 00:38:18,360 leaving them in a car or freezing them or reusing plastic bottles 737 00:38:18,360 --> 00:38:21,120 and whether that could increase a person's risk of cancer, 738 00:38:21,120 --> 00:38:24,040 so it might be that people have received that e-mail themselves 739 00:38:24,040 --> 00:38:26,920 or have heard about these hoaxes from their friends or family 740 00:38:26,920 --> 00:38:29,760 and then it can be really hard to work out what's true and what's not 741 00:38:29,760 --> 00:38:31,480 because often they try and claim 742 00:38:31,480 --> 00:38:34,680 that they're from reputable institutions or universities, 743 00:38:34,680 --> 00:38:37,440 but those universities have released statements saying that 744 00:38:37,440 --> 00:38:38,880 the e-mails were not from them, 745 00:38:38,880 --> 00:38:41,640 they don't support them and that the research really isn't there 746 00:38:41,640 --> 00:38:43,360 to back up those claims. 747 00:38:43,360 --> 00:38:44,800 Fiona says that whilst 748 00:38:44,800 --> 00:38:48,440 there is a slight risk that BPAs might leak into the water, 749 00:38:48,440 --> 00:38:52,120 it's only been found to happen under extreme circumstances. 750 00:38:52,120 --> 00:38:55,680 Lots of the tests that have been done looking at plastic bottles 751 00:38:55,680 --> 00:38:59,160 have used things like very high temperatures or storing things 752 00:38:59,160 --> 00:39:00,840 for a very long period of time, 753 00:39:00,840 --> 00:39:02,080 and day to day, that's not 754 00:39:02,080 --> 00:39:05,200 something that a plastic bottle that someone's drinking from 755 00:39:05,200 --> 00:39:08,320 is likely to be exposed to, and it's also important to remember 756 00:39:08,320 --> 00:39:11,600 that even in those cases, the vast majority of that evidence 757 00:39:11,600 --> 00:39:15,000 isn't showing that the levels of chemicals like BPA 758 00:39:15,000 --> 00:39:18,280 coming from the plastic bottle into the water itself 759 00:39:18,280 --> 00:39:21,560 is above a level that scientists consider harmful. 760 00:39:22,720 --> 00:39:25,680 So, despite those reports online and in the papers, 761 00:39:25,680 --> 00:39:28,200 my water bottle isn't going to give me cancer, 762 00:39:28,200 --> 00:39:31,360 but I still wonder if it could make me ill in other ways. 763 00:39:31,360 --> 00:39:32,800 It's been two weeks since 764 00:39:32,800 --> 00:39:35,800 I took the team's bottles to Dr Matewele for testing, 765 00:39:35,800 --> 00:39:39,560 and he's come down to our practice session to deliver the results. 766 00:39:41,400 --> 00:39:46,440 This is going to be a moment of truth, so, lads, are you ready? 767 00:39:46,440 --> 00:39:48,080 OK, so, Omar... 768 00:39:49,240 --> 00:39:51,960 ..Harry and Ben, OK, 769 00:39:51,960 --> 00:39:53,680 cleanest bottles in the team. 770 00:39:54,680 --> 00:39:55,840 'No surprise there. 771 00:39:55,840 --> 00:39:59,240 'Those three all bought new bottles on the day they were tested.' 772 00:39:59,240 --> 00:40:01,120 Third place was Andy. 773 00:40:02,600 --> 00:40:06,400 Second was joint between myself and you, Dave. 774 00:40:06,400 --> 00:40:10,040 'Interestingly, the six-day-old bottles belonging to Andy and I 775 00:40:10,040 --> 00:40:13,360 'had no more bacteria than Dave's two-day-old bottle. 776 00:40:14,640 --> 00:40:18,000 'They were all still perfectly safe to drink from.' 777 00:40:18,000 --> 00:40:21,000 And dirtiest of all, Tim, was yours, pal. 778 00:40:23,160 --> 00:40:24,720 Shocking. 779 00:40:24,720 --> 00:40:28,200 'Tim's water bottle hadn't been cleaned for a month, and remember, 780 00:40:28,200 --> 00:40:31,160 'his helper dog often picks it up when Tim drops it. 781 00:40:31,160 --> 00:40:34,200 'Those things make it a breeding ground for bacteria.' 782 00:40:35,480 --> 00:40:39,000 Well, so, Doctor, what was there? 783 00:40:39,000 --> 00:40:42,720 All the other bottles had bacteria 784 00:40:42,720 --> 00:40:47,000 but Tim also had mould inside the bottle. Mould inside the bottle? 785 00:40:47,000 --> 00:40:49,920 Yes. Whereas everyone else's had bacteria. 786 00:40:49,920 --> 00:40:53,640 'It might sound bad but the mould in Tim's bottle was actually 787 00:40:53,640 --> 00:40:57,080 'the same kind that grows on blue cheese, so pretty harmless, 788 00:40:57,080 --> 00:41:00,760 'and despite his bottle having the highest number of bacteria too, 789 00:41:00,760 --> 00:41:03,920 'Dr Matewele says that unless Tim has been ill, 790 00:41:03,920 --> 00:41:05,680 'there's not really a problem.' 791 00:41:05,680 --> 00:41:10,920 In terms of infection, I don't think it's something to be worried about, 792 00:41:10,920 --> 00:41:15,320 but it's a sign that something has got to be done 793 00:41:15,320 --> 00:41:18,800 to clean up the bottle slightly more regularly 794 00:41:18,800 --> 00:41:21,080 than is the case at the moment. 795 00:41:21,080 --> 00:41:25,200 'The fact his bottle hasn't made him ill yet doesn't mean it won't 796 00:41:25,200 --> 00:41:28,880 'if he doesn't wash it soon, because the tests also found 797 00:41:28,880 --> 00:41:32,040 'low levels of other, more serious strains of bacteria.' 798 00:41:33,600 --> 00:41:37,480 The other bacteria which were lower levels, 799 00:41:37,480 --> 00:41:40,360 if they are allowed to climb up, those are the ones 800 00:41:40,360 --> 00:41:43,600 that we would worry about because they are pathogenic. 801 00:41:45,440 --> 00:41:46,920 'If it's left to fester, 802 00:41:46,920 --> 00:41:52,200 'this pathogenic bacteria could cause some serious health problems.' 803 00:41:52,200 --> 00:41:54,640 So if a dirty water bottle can make you ill, 804 00:41:54,640 --> 00:41:57,560 was any of our water bottles at the sort of level 805 00:41:57,560 --> 00:42:00,240 that you're starting to worry about that with? 806 00:42:00,240 --> 00:42:02,880 All the bottles that I looked at, 807 00:42:02,880 --> 00:42:06,760 at this moment in time there's nothing to worry about, 808 00:42:06,760 --> 00:42:10,760 so it looked fine and they're not pathogenic. 809 00:42:10,760 --> 00:42:14,400 So it would seem, really, that we need to treat our water bottles 810 00:42:14,400 --> 00:42:17,480 the same way as we treat the rest of our kit in terms of, 811 00:42:17,480 --> 00:42:20,680 after training we wash it thoroughly, we make sure that 812 00:42:20,680 --> 00:42:23,560 it's stored properly and we make sure we look after it 813 00:42:23,560 --> 00:42:25,720 the way it deserves to be looked after. 814 00:42:25,720 --> 00:42:30,080 Exactly. That's the message that we seem to get from these findings. 815 00:42:37,280 --> 00:42:40,760 So, Gloria, we're both well aware that a grabby headline is great for 816 00:42:40,760 --> 00:42:44,080 selling papers or getting someone to click on an article online. 817 00:42:44,080 --> 00:42:45,400 That's why they do it. 818 00:42:45,400 --> 00:42:49,120 It is indeed, but it's so easy for someone to believe what they've seen 819 00:42:49,120 --> 00:42:52,880 without getting the full context of what's behind the research. 820 00:42:52,880 --> 00:42:55,960 And I'm afraid it's rarely quite as simple as some of the headlines 821 00:42:55,960 --> 00:42:57,240 would have us believe, 822 00:42:57,240 --> 00:43:00,240 and certainly when it comes to something like cancer, 823 00:43:00,240 --> 00:43:02,680 people really will do almost anything in the hope 824 00:43:02,680 --> 00:43:05,320 that it just might help, and you can understand that, 825 00:43:05,320 --> 00:43:09,160 so I really trust that the official warning about how dangerous 826 00:43:09,160 --> 00:43:12,360 those apricot kernels could be takes hold soon because 827 00:43:12,360 --> 00:43:14,240 to me that's really a big worry. 828 00:43:14,240 --> 00:43:18,120 And while no one food is going to cure cancer, as Gloria found, 829 00:43:18,120 --> 00:43:21,040 there are some that can help, and you can of course find 830 00:43:21,040 --> 00:43:24,120 recipes and ideas for some of those ingredients at... 831 00:43:26,440 --> 00:43:28,120 But for now, though, that's just about 832 00:43:28,120 --> 00:43:29,720 where we have to leave it for today. 833 00:43:29,720 --> 00:43:32,840 I hope we've put your mind at rest over some of the scare stories 834 00:43:32,840 --> 00:43:34,680 that you might have read or heard about, 835 00:43:34,680 --> 00:43:36,680 so thank you very much indeed for your company. 836 00:43:36,680 --> 00:43:39,840 Until the next time, from both of us, bye-bye. Goodbye.