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For Edwardian Britons, a Bradshaw's
was an indispensable guide

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to a railway network at its peak.

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I'm using an early
20th century edition,

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to navigate a vibrant and optimistic
Britain at the height of its power

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and influence in the world.

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But a nation wrestling
with political,

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social, and industrial
unrest at home.

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It's easy to assume that it was
the First World War

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that changed Britain,
equipping it for the 20th century.

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And, on that view, the prewar period
can seem like

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a long, summer's afternoon
of calm before the mayhem.

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But, as I travel from
the north-eastern coast of England,

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using my prewar Bradshaw's guide,

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I expect to discover that those
were, in fact, tumultuous years.

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My journey starts in East Yorkshire

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and continues to
the Roman city of York.

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From there, I'll move inland
across the industrial heartlands

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of West and South Yorkshire,
and Merseyside.

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After exploring Edwardian Liverpool,

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I'll wend my way
through North Wales,

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hugging its northern coast
and finishing in Caernarfon.

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The first leg of my travels

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begins in East Yorkshire
and the city of Hull.

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Then I'll make my way north to
the seaside resort of Scarborough.

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From there I'll head south-west
to the town of Malton,

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on the River Derwent.

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On this trip, the chips are down
but I'm on the up.

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Hee-hee!

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Oh, let's play again!

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LAUGHTER

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I hear a tale of wartime resilience.

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There was a rumble in the air,
people thought it might be thunder,

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but it wasn't. It was the shells
from the German navy.

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And I get a taste
of Edwardian temperance.

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"Not even a dipsomaniac
would have touched this mixture

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"of fungus and smelly liquid."

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That's superb. She had a way
with words.

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My Bradshaw's lists the shipping
services that were available

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from my first stop, Hull.

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And they ran almost everywhere,
from Yarmouth to Bombay,

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from Dundee to Montevideo.

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I should be interested to know how
the port of Kingston upon Hull,

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advantageously situated
on the Humber Estuary,

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where the waters
of the River Hull run into it,

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became so important for fishing,
cargoes and passengers.

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At the turn of the 20th century,
Hull was a prosperous harbour town.

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It had been granted city status
on Queen Victoria's Jubilee in 1897.

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But, as the new century unfolded,
the city's economy suffered.

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In recent years, Hull might have
appeared down on its luck.

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But, today,
it's experiencing a renaissance.

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Hull was Britain's
City Of Culture, 2017.

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There was music and dance
and theatre.

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The Turner Art Prize
was judged here.

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A bit of money was spent
on the place

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and the city feels
more optimistic about its future.

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Ladies. Hello. Excuse me,
I just wondering,

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has the city of culture meant
anything to you? Yeah, quite a lot.

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I definitely think it's brought
a lot to the area.

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I remember right at the beginning
of the year they had a light show

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on these three buildings,

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showing loads of different things
throughout Hull's history,

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and I honestly actually felt
quite emotional watching it.

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So, it has succeeded in making
people think differently about Hull?

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I would say so.
Yeah, I think so, yeah.

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I mean, I think it's changed the
reputation quite a lot, actually.

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I'm pleased to hear it. Thank you
so much. Thank you. Bye-bye.

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At the heart of Hull's history
is its medieval harbour.

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By the time of my Bradshaw's,
Edwardian travellers

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would have admired
the more recent Alexandra Dock,

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named after their queen,
where I'm meeting history writer,

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Robert Bell.

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Rob, there's clearly an enormous
growth in the Hull port

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in the 19th century.
What's driving it?

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The initial driver was wool.

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And, then, as we moved
to the building

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of this particular dock in 1885,

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the Alexandra Dock,
the big one's coal.

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But perhaps the most surprising
money earner was actually migration.

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Hull was built on the money
not of slavery, like Liverpool,

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Bristol and the like,
but actually on migration.

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Migrants from Europe were attracted
to land at Hull

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because of its particularly good
railway connections

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that had originally been laid
to transport goods and fish

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all over Great Britain.

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Two and a half million people,

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including impoverished Scandinavians
in search of a better life,

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and Jews fleeing anti-Semitic
persecution in Russia,

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passed through the port.

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From Hull, they took trains
to Glasgow, Liverpool,

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London and Southampton,

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often to board steamships
bound for the New World.

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Why, then, does the great port
of Hull suffer a decline

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in the 20th century? My own view is
that, actually, the First World War

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was something that Hull did not,
actually, recover from.

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Because, ironically, in the run-up
to the First World War,

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the one port that was dealing
with the Germans

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and doing extremely well
on their economy booming was Hull.

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The docks are now getting
a second wind,

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with a £310 million joint investment
from engineering company,

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Siemens,
and Associated British Ports.

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The site's being transformed into
a renewable energy factory.

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Andy Sykes is head of quality here.

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Andy, we're in the old Alexandra
dock. How does all this relate?

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Some of the land has been reclaimed,

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some of the old dock is being used
for the purposes of both

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inward transportation
and also moving blades offshore.

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I've seen offshore
wind turbine farms

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but without any idea of the scale.

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This is just one blade.

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What dimensions is this?
This is a 75-metre long blade.

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So, if the blade is 75 metres,
we must be talking about

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a tower of what? Yeah, it's roughly
90 metres standing above the ocean.

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Each giant blade weighs 28 tonnes

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and is longer than the wingspan
of an Airbus A380 aircraft.

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And, at its base, wide enough
to hold an elephant.

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Andy, to my surprise, the
construction of this enormous thing

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is essentially a handmade process.

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Yeah, it really is craft based.

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It's made of fibreglass,
balsa wood and epoxy resin.

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You can see the lower packing team

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down at the root end of the mould
there, meticulously placing

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each piece of fibreglass

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to get the quality that we expect
of the finished product.

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Could I introduce you to Dave,
one of our packing team?

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Dave, I'm Michael.
Hi, nice to meet you.

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How do you do?
What are you doing there?

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I'm just making sure all the glass
that we've laid previously

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is all nice and smooth.

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So, how are you able to work it,
is the stuff hot?

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No, it's not hot,
it's very much like carpeting.

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May I have a go at that?
Of course, you can, yeah.

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We're making sure there's
no wrinkles, up to the top,

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down to the bottom,

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making sure it's completely flat.

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So, making sure that it's nice
and flat against the wall here.

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Yeah, and it follows the shape.

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Tucking it in, pushing all those...

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Yeah. ..wrinkles and bumps out.

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Quite a light pressure, yeah.

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That's it.

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There's quite a lot to do,
isn't there?

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There's a lot to do, and we've still
got at least another

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eight to 12 hours of work
to get on with, so, yeah. Good luck.

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The precision applied
to the production of the blades

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reflects the reliability
expected from them.

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Each blade will last 25 years,

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performing tens of millions
of rotations.

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Stepping inside one of these
extraordinary wind turbine blades

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is another way
of appreciating the scale.

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There's light entering
from the outside

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and it seems to stretch away
indefinitely,

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like an infinite railway tunnel.

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These things are a very far cry from
windmills that we used to know.

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These blades will be shipped to
a site off the East Yorkshire coast

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to form part of what will become
the biggest wind farm in the world.

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174 turbines will generate
1.2 gigawatts,

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the equivalent of nearby
Hartlepool Nuclear Power Station.

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I continue my journey with
a short trip north-west of Hull,

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to the town of Cottingham.

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I noticed from my Bradshaw's
that almost every ship

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sailing out of Hull
is run by the Wilson Line,

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a company of which
I had never heard.

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But it turns out that at
the beginning of the 20th century

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it was, in fact, the world's largest
privately owned shipping company.

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And this family of
Hull entrepreneurs

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must have made a pile
and, certainly, they built one.

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About four miles from Hull,

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Cottingham was first connected
by rail in 1846.

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The Victorian middle class
built their villas here,

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away from the industrial grime
of the city.

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The grandest of them all
was Tranby Croft.

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The house is now used
by Hull Collegiate School.

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The Edwardian traveller
would have known it

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in an entirely different guise.

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I'm meeting head of history,
Claire Atkin.

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Claire, this is now Hull Collegiate
School, but, in its time,

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the home of the Wilson family,

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of the Wilson Line Shipping Company
fame, is that right?

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Yes, absolutely.

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This is the ancestral home
of the Wilson family.

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This was built by Arthur Wilson
and Mary Wilson.

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They were massive entrepreneurs
in the city of Hull,

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and they wanted a mansion
to entertain people.

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So, built Tranby Croft.
It was completed in 1876.

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So, obviously, they had made
their money in trade. Yes.

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Did that mean that
they were excluded

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from aristocratic connections?

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They were absolutely desperate
to go up in the world.

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Mary Wilson, particularly,
is a social climber,

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and they were keen to try
and woo the upper classes.

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In September 1890, the Wilsons'
prayers were answered.

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The Prince of Wales, the future King
Edward VII, stayed at Tranby Croft.

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Unfortunately for them,
his visit brought trouble.

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He's already been associated
with quite a few scandals,

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usually involving women,

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but at Tranby Croft it's something
a little bit different.

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00:12:23,760 --> 00:12:27,480
It's the temptation to play
a card game, which is illegal,

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a baccarat game.

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00:12:32,040 --> 00:12:37,120
In 1886, baccarat had been made
illegal, if played for money.

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00:12:38,200 --> 00:12:41,000
Although fortunes could be lost
in a single night,

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it didn't stop the aristocracy
from playing behind closed doors.

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00:12:47,680 --> 00:12:50,800
So, Claire, their house
has been quite well preserved.

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00:12:50,800 --> 00:12:52,800
They did live a grand life,
didn't they?

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00:12:52,800 --> 00:12:55,920
Yes, they absolutely did.
Tell me about the game of baccarat.

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What goes wrong? Well, the Prince
and some of his friends

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are really rather addicted
to playing cards

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00:13:01,880 --> 00:13:04,120
and they liked to gamble.

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00:13:04,120 --> 00:13:06,280
And the first night
that they're staying here,

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00:13:06,280 --> 00:13:08,160
one of the gentlemen who's playing,

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00:13:08,160 --> 00:13:11,080
a decorated military man,
Sir William Gordon-Cumming,

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00:13:11,080 --> 00:13:14,360
is seemingly adding £5 counters

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00:13:14,360 --> 00:13:19,200
every now and then to his stake
and the Wilsons become suspicious.

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00:13:19,200 --> 00:13:21,520
The following day,
they have a seating plan

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00:13:21,520 --> 00:13:24,120
so that no matter where
Sir Gordon-Cumming sits,

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00:13:24,120 --> 00:13:26,920
he'll actually be sitting next to
a member of the Wilson family

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00:13:26,920 --> 00:13:29,640
so they can see if there's
any more of this suspicious

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00:13:29,640 --> 00:13:31,760
cheating going on.
Is there? Definitely.

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00:13:33,960 --> 00:13:36,520
The press got wind of the scandal.

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00:13:36,520 --> 00:13:40,080
Reputations were at stake
and a court case ensued.

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00:13:42,480 --> 00:13:45,160
For the first time in 500 years,

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a British heir to the throne
was called onto the witness stand.

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The future King,
or "Bertie" as he was known,

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was a most reluctant witness.

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But the evidence against his friend
Gordon-Cumming was convincing.

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Bertie suffers, certainly.

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00:14:04,600 --> 00:14:07,240
The Wilson family definitely suffer.

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00:14:07,240 --> 00:14:09,960
Mary Wilson must have just been
in tatters.

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00:14:09,960 --> 00:14:12,120
That's the end of her
social climbing.

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00:14:12,120 --> 00:14:14,240
And Gordon-Cumming is
court-martialled,

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00:14:14,240 --> 00:14:17,200
dismissed from the Army
for ungentlemanly behaviour.

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00:14:17,200 --> 00:14:19,920
He has to break off
a wedding engagement,

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00:14:19,920 --> 00:14:23,880
and he disappears effectively
from society and is ostracised.

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00:14:25,160 --> 00:14:28,040
Strictly in the cause of research,

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00:14:28,040 --> 00:14:31,880
Claire has organised for me to try
my hand at playing baccarat,

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00:14:31,880 --> 00:14:34,560
in the room where it all happened.

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00:14:34,560 --> 00:14:37,800
My fellow players are all staff
at Hull Collegiate School.

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00:14:37,800 --> 00:14:41,240
And Joanna Dunn is croupier
for the occasion.

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00:14:41,240 --> 00:14:43,920
The only problem is
I don't know how to play.

239
00:14:43,920 --> 00:14:46,080
We can teach you. Please do.

240
00:14:46,080 --> 00:14:48,360
OK, it's a very simple game.

241
00:14:48,360 --> 00:14:52,800
It's a game of chance, there's
no skill involved whatsoever.

242
00:14:52,800 --> 00:14:55,280
Perfect. So, you just have to bet

243
00:14:55,280 --> 00:14:58,680
on whether you want
the player's cards to win,

244
00:14:58,680 --> 00:15:01,800
the banker's cards to win, or a tie.

245
00:15:01,800 --> 00:15:06,840
And it is two cards closest to nine
that would win that deal.

246
00:15:06,840 --> 00:15:10,080
So, we have the player's card
on this side,

247
00:15:10,080 --> 00:15:11,760
the banker's card on this side.

248
00:15:11,760 --> 00:15:13,640
Place your bets,
ladies and gentlemen.

249
00:15:13,640 --> 00:15:15,920
Do you want the player's card,
the banker's card

250
00:15:15,920 --> 00:15:18,120
or place for a tie
in the middle, please.

251
00:15:19,200 --> 00:15:20,840
I think this one's going to win.

252
00:15:20,840 --> 00:15:25,200
OK. So, on the player's card,
we have nine, so that will stand,

253
00:15:25,200 --> 00:15:28,280
that is a natural. On this side,
it looks like we have 14

254
00:15:28,280 --> 00:15:30,480
but we always knock off
the first digit

255
00:15:30,480 --> 00:15:32,440
so it's actually a four
on this side.

256
00:15:32,440 --> 00:15:34,040
So, player wins.

257
00:15:34,040 --> 00:15:37,040
People that bet on the players,
then you would double your money.

258
00:15:37,040 --> 00:15:38,720
Hee-hee!

259
00:15:38,720 --> 00:15:40,680
Oh, let's play again!

260
00:15:40,680 --> 00:15:42,400
LAUGHTER

261
00:15:44,120 --> 00:15:46,880
Having won, I see how
the Prince of Wales

262
00:15:46,880 --> 00:15:49,680
might have found
the game attractive.

263
00:15:49,680 --> 00:15:53,800
I expect to dream tonight
of high society and winning hands.

264
00:16:14,000 --> 00:16:17,880
I start the new day by heading
due north to reach the coast.

265
00:16:19,480 --> 00:16:20,800
Tickets, please.

266
00:16:22,760 --> 00:16:25,440
There we go. Good morning.

267
00:16:25,440 --> 00:16:27,840
Good to see you. How long have you
been on the railway?

268
00:16:29,360 --> 00:16:31,560
51 years and six months.

269
00:16:31,560 --> 00:16:33,680
Wow! Is that a record?
It probably is a record.

270
00:16:33,680 --> 00:16:35,800
They're calling a man
who works in Doncaster

271
00:16:35,800 --> 00:16:38,080
who's got, I think,
three months ahead of me.

272
00:16:38,080 --> 00:16:42,520
So I'm just hoping that,
at some stage, I can beat him.

273
00:16:42,520 --> 00:16:46,960
Outlast him. Yeah.
Well, a real privilege, thank you.

274
00:16:46,960 --> 00:16:48,320
Privilege, thank you.

275
00:16:55,680 --> 00:16:58,960
My next stop will be Scarborough,
which, according to the guide book,

276
00:16:58,960 --> 00:17:03,440
"has been an aristocratic resort
for more than a century.

277
00:17:03,440 --> 00:17:05,880
"The spa buildings are
very handsome,

278
00:17:05,880 --> 00:17:09,880
"containing theatre,
picture gallery, promenade, etc,

279
00:17:09,880 --> 00:17:12,160
"with excellent orchestra.

280
00:17:12,160 --> 00:17:16,040
"The cliffs overlooking the South
Bay are impressive in grandeur,

281
00:17:16,040 --> 00:17:20,280
"terminating in the promontory
of Scarborough Castle."

282
00:17:20,280 --> 00:17:23,560
Now, that was published in 1913.

283
00:17:23,560 --> 00:17:28,400
What could possibly interrupt the
tranquillity of this holiday spot?

284
00:17:43,240 --> 00:17:46,960
In its history, Scarborough has been
invaded by Anglo-Saxons

285
00:17:46,960 --> 00:17:49,320
and raided by Vikings.

286
00:17:49,320 --> 00:17:53,880
Its 12th-century castle was
besieged during the English Civil
War,

287
00:17:53,880 --> 00:17:57,000
and used in defence
during the Jacobite rebellion

288
00:17:57,000 --> 00:17:59,480
and the wars against Napoleon.

289
00:18:01,040 --> 00:18:02,760
By the time of my Bradshaw's,

290
00:18:02,760 --> 00:18:06,400
Edwardian travellers would have
found a peaceful holiday resort.

291
00:18:06,400 --> 00:18:10,240
But, before long, Scarborough
became a casualty once more.

292
00:18:12,120 --> 00:18:16,480
Mark Vesey, chairman of
the Scarborough Maritime
Heritage Centre,

293
00:18:16,480 --> 00:18:18,080
can shed light on the period.

294
00:18:19,520 --> 00:18:22,240
Mark, I've always had a soft spot
for Scarborough

295
00:18:22,240 --> 00:18:24,080
with its fantastic topography.

296
00:18:24,080 --> 00:18:27,120
What was the place like
just before the First World War?

297
00:18:27,120 --> 00:18:30,080
It was doing very well.
It was a busy resort.

298
00:18:30,080 --> 00:18:31,760
A lot of people came
at the weekends,

299
00:18:31,760 --> 00:18:33,520
they were bathing and paddling,

300
00:18:33,520 --> 00:18:37,080
having an ice cream, having a beer,
similar to what we do today.

301
00:18:37,080 --> 00:18:40,000
My Bradshaw's says,
rather surprisingly, perhaps,

302
00:18:40,000 --> 00:18:43,160
that it had been an aristocratic
resort for a century.

303
00:18:43,160 --> 00:18:45,200
What do you make of that?
Yes, I think it was.

304
00:18:45,200 --> 00:18:47,800
The South Cliff was
a very aristocratic area,

305
00:18:47,800 --> 00:18:49,680
more expensive hotels.

306
00:18:49,680 --> 00:18:53,320
But, when the railways arrived,
it did become more for the masses.

307
00:18:53,320 --> 00:18:57,840
And what was it that interrupted the
tranquillity of this idyllic spot?

308
00:18:57,840 --> 00:19:03,040
Well, the 16th of December 1914,
eight o'clock in the morning,

309
00:19:03,200 --> 00:19:06,320
a bit of a misty day,
there was a rumble in the air,

310
00:19:06,320 --> 00:19:08,800
people thought it might be
thunder but it wasn't.

311
00:19:08,800 --> 00:19:11,040
It was the shells
from the German Navy.

312
00:19:13,320 --> 00:19:16,120
Less than five months
into the First World War,

313
00:19:16,120 --> 00:19:20,120
a British blockade of Germany's
ports prevented its navy

314
00:19:20,120 --> 00:19:22,240
from accessing the North Sea.

315
00:19:23,400 --> 00:19:26,680
Frustrated, it found a gap
in the minefields

316
00:19:26,680 --> 00:19:31,680
intended for fishing vessels and
struck England's north-east coast.

317
00:19:31,680 --> 00:19:34,160
Scarborough was an easy target.

318
00:19:34,160 --> 00:19:36,840
Mark, we have a good view
of Scarborough here.

319
00:19:36,840 --> 00:19:38,920
What was doing the shelling?

320
00:19:38,920 --> 00:19:42,000
It was two of the biggest battle
cruisers the German navy had,

321
00:19:42,000 --> 00:19:44,520
the Derfflinger
and the Von der Tann.

322
00:19:44,520 --> 00:19:48,360
And what munitions did the battle
cruisers throw at Scarborough?

323
00:19:48,360 --> 00:19:53,560
Mostly six inch shells,
over 770 of them in 30 minutes.

324
00:19:54,080 --> 00:19:57,080
The first pass
was along the seafront.

325
00:19:57,080 --> 00:19:59,840
Then the German battle cruisers
turned around

326
00:19:59,840 --> 00:20:03,640
and fired further into the town
so more of the centre of the town

327
00:20:03,640 --> 00:20:05,880
was hit on the pass,
on the way back.

328
00:20:05,880 --> 00:20:08,120
That's an extraordinary level
of attack.

329
00:20:08,120 --> 00:20:10,480
How much damage did that create
in Scarborough?

330
00:20:10,480 --> 00:20:12,320
It did do a lot of damage, Michael.

331
00:20:12,320 --> 00:20:14,960
And, sadly, 18 people were killed.

332
00:20:17,840 --> 00:20:20,240
In addition to those
who lost their lives,

333
00:20:20,240 --> 00:20:22,120
over 100 people were injured.

334
00:20:23,920 --> 00:20:26,600
And some of the most iconic
buildings in Scarborough

335
00:20:26,600 --> 00:20:27,760
were damaged.

336
00:20:29,520 --> 00:20:33,320
What was the reaction of
the British public to this attack?

337
00:20:33,320 --> 00:20:36,120
Well, anger, at first, and shock.

338
00:20:36,120 --> 00:20:38,720
I think people thought
it could've been an invasion.

339
00:20:38,720 --> 00:20:42,480
And we think the Germans really
did it to try and shock the British

340
00:20:42,480 --> 00:20:44,240
into keeping troops at home

341
00:20:44,240 --> 00:20:47,080
instead of sending them
to go and fight in France.

342
00:20:48,720 --> 00:20:51,560
The German attack
was counterproductive.

343
00:20:51,560 --> 00:20:54,720
Photographs of the damage
to this beautiful town

344
00:20:54,720 --> 00:20:56,640
angered the British public.

345
00:20:56,640 --> 00:20:59,080
Postcards of the atrocities
circulated

346
00:20:59,080 --> 00:21:02,320
and young men rushed
to join Pals battalions

347
00:21:02,320 --> 00:21:05,200
to fight alongside
their friends and relatives,

348
00:21:05,200 --> 00:21:08,760
encouraged by propaganda
urging loyal citizens

349
00:21:08,760 --> 00:21:11,040
to remember Scarborough.

350
00:21:13,160 --> 00:21:16,080
Today, it feels apt,
once more, to remember.

351
00:21:19,800 --> 00:21:22,240
In Scarborough's very beautiful
The Crescent,

352
00:21:22,240 --> 00:21:25,520
some of the houses are still
peppered with the shrapnel

353
00:21:25,520 --> 00:21:28,120
of December 1914.

354
00:21:28,120 --> 00:21:32,560
This population was one of the first
civilian populations in the world

355
00:21:32,560 --> 00:21:35,640
to be subjected to
a terror bombardment.

356
00:21:35,640 --> 00:21:38,360
During the course
of the 20th century,

357
00:21:38,360 --> 00:21:41,240
they would be joined
by many millions of others,

358
00:21:41,240 --> 00:21:46,160
and, of those, countless numbers
would be slaughtered in their homes.

359
00:22:04,480 --> 00:22:08,880
I'm on my way to one of Britain's
great stately homes, Castle Howard.

360
00:22:08,880 --> 00:22:12,080
I'm impressed that it was designed
by Sir John Vanbrugh,

361
00:22:12,080 --> 00:22:14,840
that it has 145 rooms,

362
00:22:14,840 --> 00:22:17,680
that it's twice been used
for adaptations

363
00:22:17,680 --> 00:22:20,680
of Evelyn Waugh's
Brideshead Revisited,

364
00:22:20,680 --> 00:22:22,560
but my Bradshaw's reveals

365
00:22:22,560 --> 00:22:25,600
that it used to have
its own railway station.

366
00:22:25,600 --> 00:22:27,880
Now that has caught my attention.

367
00:22:31,720 --> 00:22:35,080
PA: We will shortly
be arriving at Malton.

368
00:22:35,080 --> 00:22:38,160
Today, I'm alighting
at the market town of Malton.

369
00:22:42,600 --> 00:22:47,320
Castle Howard's station ceased
to handle passengers in 1930,

370
00:22:47,320 --> 00:22:52,160
but it was in service when Queen
Victoria visited the castle in 1850.

371
00:23:06,000 --> 00:23:09,040
Castle Howard's impressive
Baroque architecture

372
00:23:09,040 --> 00:23:11,720
was conceived by Sir John Vanbrugh,

373
00:23:11,720 --> 00:23:14,600
who is also responsible
for Blenheim Palace.

374
00:23:14,600 --> 00:23:19,000
This magnificent estate
includes rose gardens,

375
00:23:19,000 --> 00:23:21,280
follies, 13 farms,

376
00:23:21,280 --> 00:23:23,480
and 10,000 acres of land.

377
00:23:24,720 --> 00:23:28,560
It took over 100 years
and three generations of earls

378
00:23:28,560 --> 00:23:30,360
before it was complete.

379
00:23:30,360 --> 00:23:32,200
At the time of my Bradshaw's,

380
00:23:32,200 --> 00:23:35,880
this was home to a fascinating
figure in the campaign

381
00:23:35,880 --> 00:23:38,760
for women's suffrage,
which was gathering momentum

382
00:23:38,760 --> 00:23:41,360
at the beginning
of the 20th century.

383
00:23:41,360 --> 00:23:44,600
Archivist Anna Louise Mason
knows more.

384
00:23:44,600 --> 00:23:47,840
Anna Louise, I've come in pursuit
of a radical Countess,

385
00:23:47,840 --> 00:23:50,880
who I believe was the lady of
Castle Howard in the Edwardian era.

386
00:23:50,880 --> 00:23:53,800
Who was she? That's right, you're
referring to Rosalind Howard.

387
00:23:53,800 --> 00:23:57,200
She was married to George Howard,
the 9th Earl of Carlisle,

388
00:23:57,200 --> 00:24:00,440
and together they raised
a family of 11 children.

389
00:24:00,440 --> 00:24:03,880
She actually managed the estates
on behalf of her husband.

390
00:24:03,880 --> 00:24:06,560
He was an artist and he wasn't
really interested

391
00:24:06,560 --> 00:24:08,600
in doing the typical
earl duties.

392
00:24:08,600 --> 00:24:11,240
There's a wonderful saying
where she says,

393
00:24:11,240 --> 00:24:13,600
"Worry kills,
work does one good."

394
00:24:13,600 --> 00:24:15,480
What made her radical?

395
00:24:15,480 --> 00:24:20,160
Well, she did repeatedly show
sympathy for striking workers.

396
00:24:20,160 --> 00:24:25,200
In 1891, it was Scottish railway
men, and in 1893, it was miners.

397
00:24:25,360 --> 00:24:27,800
But her main passions
were temperance

398
00:24:27,800 --> 00:24:29,600
and also women's suffrage.

399
00:24:32,720 --> 00:24:35,800
Rosalind Howard had had
a political upbringing.

400
00:24:35,800 --> 00:24:38,640
Her mother was a women's education
campaigner

401
00:24:38,640 --> 00:24:41,440
and her father served
as a member of Parliament.

402
00:24:46,160 --> 00:24:50,120
She used Castle Howard to put into
practice her political convictions.

403
00:24:50,120 --> 00:24:53,360
In her campaign against
alcohol consumption,

404
00:24:53,360 --> 00:24:56,000
she revoked the licence
for the estate's pub,

405
00:24:56,000 --> 00:24:58,760
turning it into a temperance
guesthouse for women.

406
00:25:00,400 --> 00:25:03,200
She was famous for her temperance.
She certainly was.

407
00:25:03,200 --> 00:25:07,280
Yes, she was. In fact, there's
one of the most famous anecdotes

408
00:25:07,280 --> 00:25:11,240
at Castle Howard is the story
of when Rosalind, the Countess,

409
00:25:11,240 --> 00:25:14,000
threw all the wine into
a hole in the ground.

410
00:25:14,000 --> 00:25:17,200
And this was actually
reported in the press,

411
00:25:17,200 --> 00:25:21,080
where she was accused of having
destroyed 1,500 bottles

412
00:25:21,080 --> 00:25:23,000
of perfectly good wine.

413
00:25:23,000 --> 00:25:26,600
Now, Rosalind was very quick
to respond to this.

414
00:25:26,600 --> 00:25:29,840
"The so-called wine
in the 800 bottles

415
00:25:29,840 --> 00:25:32,480
"that have been thrown away
was sour stuff,

416
00:25:32,480 --> 00:25:34,920
"condemned as worthless
and undrinkable.

417
00:25:34,920 --> 00:25:39,560
"Not even a dipsomaniac under the
influence of his worst drink craving

418
00:25:39,560 --> 00:25:43,760
"would have touched this mixture
of fungus and smelly liquid."

419
00:25:43,760 --> 00:25:47,120
That gives us a feel for the woman,
doesn't it?

420
00:25:47,120 --> 00:25:49,120
She had a way with words.
That's superb. Yes.

421
00:25:49,120 --> 00:25:51,000
How would you summarise her?

422
00:25:51,000 --> 00:25:53,480
The Times, when she died in 1921,

423
00:25:53,480 --> 00:25:57,280
headed her obituary with
"A fearless champion of causes,"

424
00:25:57,280 --> 00:25:59,720
and that's how I like
to think of her.

425
00:25:59,720 --> 00:26:02,640
And however you view
the Countess Rosalind,

426
00:26:02,640 --> 00:26:05,440
she's an important figure in the
history of Castle Howard.

427
00:26:05,440 --> 00:26:06,880
Absolutely.

428
00:26:06,880 --> 00:26:10,400
Castle Howard has remained in
the hands of the Howard family

429
00:26:10,400 --> 00:26:14,640
throughout its history. And, today,
Rosalind Howard's direct descendent,

430
00:26:14,640 --> 00:26:18,160
the Honourable Nicholas Howard,
still lives here.

431
00:26:18,160 --> 00:26:23,200
I've come to find out what it means
to call this stunning place home.

432
00:26:24,280 --> 00:26:26,920
Nick, how wonderful to see you.
How nice to meet you, Michael.

433
00:26:26,920 --> 00:26:29,160
And here we are in the wonderful
Long Gallery,

434
00:26:29,160 --> 00:26:31,760
one of the finest rooms, I suppose,
in Castle Howard.

435
00:26:31,760 --> 00:26:34,520
Now, what on earth was it like
to grow up in a place like this?

436
00:26:34,520 --> 00:26:37,720
Well, of course, at the beginning,
I didn't know anything else.

437
00:26:37,720 --> 00:26:39,080
But, as I became older,

438
00:26:39,080 --> 00:26:41,320
I became more and more aware
of how special it is.

439
00:26:41,320 --> 00:26:44,080
But, I mean, in this room,
we used to race up and down,

440
00:26:44,080 --> 00:26:47,720
we had some ornamental wheelbarrows,
and my brother and I used to

441
00:26:47,720 --> 00:26:49,960
push each other up and down
the room in it.

442
00:26:49,960 --> 00:26:53,120
And, now, you are responsible
for Castle Howard.

443
00:26:53,120 --> 00:26:55,720
It's a responsibility that
I'm so happy to be doing,

444
00:26:55,720 --> 00:26:57,040
and even excited at times.

445
00:26:57,040 --> 00:26:58,800
It is a gorgeous place to be.

446
00:26:58,800 --> 00:27:01,440
Do you see visitors being amazed
by what they see?

447
00:27:01,440 --> 00:27:05,200
Oh, I think so. I do see people
in various states of amazement.

448
00:27:05,200 --> 00:27:08,720
There is a sense of wonder and awe
as people approach down the drive.

449
00:27:08,720 --> 00:27:11,160
Well, count me in on that.

450
00:27:19,920 --> 00:27:23,800
The commitment of the radical
Countess of Castle Howard

451
00:27:23,800 --> 00:27:26,720
to women's suffrage
and striking railway men

452
00:27:26,720 --> 00:27:30,480
gives an idea of the turbulence
of the Edwardian years.

453
00:27:30,480 --> 00:27:33,640
Those political causes
had to be set aside

454
00:27:33,640 --> 00:27:35,960
for the duration of the Great War,

455
00:27:35,960 --> 00:27:39,960
which had an enormous impact
on the north-east of England.

456
00:27:39,960 --> 00:27:42,480
It dealt a massive blow
to the port of Hull,

457
00:27:42,480 --> 00:27:46,720
while Scarborough and other
coastal towns were shelled.

458
00:27:46,720 --> 00:27:51,480
Meanwhile, North Eastern Railway
workers had set out for the front

459
00:27:51,480 --> 00:27:55,720
in Pals battalions to get
the British war effort moving.

460
00:27:57,840 --> 00:28:02,160
Next time, I do important research
in an historic tearoom.

461
00:28:02,160 --> 00:28:05,200
What shall we have? We should order
some tea and some dainty cakes.

462
00:28:05,200 --> 00:28:06,640
And some scones? Absolutely.

463
00:28:06,640 --> 00:28:08,880
I get dressed down in Leeds.

464
00:28:08,880 --> 00:28:11,720
How am I looking, Sir? Um...
Gary, be truthful.

465
00:28:11,720 --> 00:28:15,200
I would suggest you're wearing that
slightly a bit tight,

466
00:28:15,200 --> 00:28:19,040
especially around here. It's the
size of my wallet, Gary. Yeah.

467
00:28:19,040 --> 00:28:20,360
LAUGHTER

468
00:28:20,360 --> 00:28:23,160
And attend
a private Edwardian concert.

469
00:28:23,160 --> 00:28:28,160
HE SINGS