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Exactly 100 years ago, an investigation
began that led to changes

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that still affect us today.

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An investigation into the lives of
people trapped in poverty, without work.

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Reading what my ancestors had done,
and the struggle in that time,

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was just something that, er...

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..was amazing, really.

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A century later,
unemployment is still with us.

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..When do we want it?
Now!

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People are still living
on the margins.

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It's Friday. It's been raining
for the third night on the trot.

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We have a welfare state
our great-grandparents
would have dreamed of.

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Has that brought its own problems?

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You get that used to the safety net,
you're scared to leave it.

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In this series, we're going to look
at how much has really changed

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and how we got
to where we are today.

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We dig deep into the history
of the British family.

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The archeology that you're
interested in is further out here.

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This is the story of all our
working lives over the last 100 years.

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It's a journey of hope...
That's a eureka moment.

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..and conflict.

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ANGRY SHOUTING

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And, for one family,
an amazing detective story

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that leads from absolute poverty
to undreamed of success.

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Our story starts
exactly 100 years ago

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in the city of York
during the summer of 1910.

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That year, like today,
Britain was emerging from recession.

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Back then, it left many families
on the edge of destitution.

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But a century ago, something
happened here that was unique.

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These families were asked
to describe their lives.

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It was research that gave a voice
to the voiceless.

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MAN: Up at five. Walked round
and round the town until 12.

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Nothing doing anywhere so
I was fairly sick of walking about.

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No breakfast, no tea and no supper.
Went to bed around 7.30.

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It brings home to you
the starvation level existence,

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the hand-to-mouth level existence.

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Waking up every morning
and not knowing by that evening

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whether they had enough to eat

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to keep them going the next day.

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And it's happening
in your home city. It's astonishing.

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This was a ground-breaking study,
and the man behind it

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was one of the richest
and most powerful in the city.

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Seebohm Rowntree was the third
generation of the chocolate dynasty.

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He was wealthy and successful,
but what really drove him

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was a passion to improve the life
of the common man.

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You cannot live in a town like York,

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with its poverty,
its intemperance, its vice,

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without a sense of responsibility
being, from time to time,
borne in upon you.

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What part are YOU going to play
as a citizen?

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In 1900, Rowntree had written an
investigation into poverty in York.

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He said more than a quarter
of the people

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lived in unacceptable conditions.

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That this was in a wealthy city
like York

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made its revelations
particularly shocking.

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He was shining a very bright light
on something that was hidden.

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Most people didn't know that people
were living in those conditions.

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He drew attention
of the highest people in the land.
That was a powerful message.

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The book was read widely

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and influenced the creation
of the welfare state.

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Winston Churchill,
already an influential figure,

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said Rowntree's findings
made his hair stand on end.

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"I see little glory," he added,

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"in an empire which can
rule the waves but is unable
to flush its sewers."

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In 1910,
Seebohm Rowntree went further.

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His study on unemployment would
depend on first-hand accounts.

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The poor would speak
for themselves.

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Rowntree wanted to know
why people were out of work
and how they were surviving.

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So, that summer, the work began.

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This is the Yorkshire Evening Press
from Tuesday June 7 1910.

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This is the local paper.

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And the news on that day?

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There was an earthquake Italy
and an uprising in Mexico.

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Local news was a bit quiet.

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There was a car crash
on the Harrogate road.

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But this was a big day for York
because June 7 1910

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is when Rowntree started his survey.

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The first thing Rowntree
needed to know

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was who was working and who wasn't.

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He dispatched a team of 60
researchers to knock on the door

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of every working-class home
in York.

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Each person without work
was interviewed.

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Some were selected
for more detailed research -

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what they were doing to find work,
how they lived, even what they ate.

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All part of an attempt to tell
the human story behind the numbers.

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This room was
Seebohm Rowntree's office,

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where he coordinated
the research from.

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It looks over the garden.

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You can imagine it 100 years ago -

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the walls covered in maps of York
of where researchers had been.

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Researchers coming back with more
information that they'd gathered.

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It's the detail and the data
that marks this book out.

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This table is a list of people
who've lost their jobs

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and the reasons they're out of work.

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We have a "confectioner's labourer"

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who would have worked
in the chocolate industry,

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described as "a fairly good worker

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"but a heavy drinker".

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His current occupation is a hawker.
He sells things on the street.

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Everyone thinks of York
as an attractive,

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well-preserved
middle-class medieval city.

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He opens a window
on the underbelly of the city

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and shows that York is like a lot
of the other industrial cities.

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It's a microcosm of
what's going on with the unemployed
in Edwardian England.

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When the research was finished,
Rowntree said he's uncovered
a national disgrace.

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The power is in the detail.

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It is a unique glimpse
into our history.

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And one family stand out
from the report.

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They were the Nevinsons.

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They lived in a small house
on the outskirts of York.

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Mr Nevinson hadn't worked
regularly for years
and the family were desperate.

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We know what their life was like
because Mr Nevinson kept a diary.

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This is how he describes
looking for work in July 1910.

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Sunday 10th July.

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Up at 4am and went round town
to see if I could find anything
that had been lost.

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Couldn't see anything
so I came home at 7am.

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Had breakfast consisting of
jam and bread.

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Went to bed until 1pm.

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Rowntree's background
was in science.

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He was interested
in the link between diet and health.

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The Nevinsons kept a diary
of what they ate.

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Monday, breakfast -
tea, bread and margarine.

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Dinner - tea, bread and margarine.

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Tuesday, breakfast -
tea, bread and jam.

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Dinner - tea, three stale buns.

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Sunday, breakfast -
tea, kippers, bread.

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Dinner, three pennyworth
of meat pieces boiled with potatoes.

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Tea - bread and margarine, onions.

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The family were eating a third
of the calories they needed.

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The diary also showed
that they were in a poverty trap.

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A life without work
meant a life with debt.

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They are in arrears of rent and have
a heavy bill at the corner shop.

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Until that is paid off, the family
will continue to live almost
entirely on bread and margarine.

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When I read Mr Nevinson's story,
I felt a link with him.

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I'm from Yorkshire.

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I know the places that
he was going to to look for work and
the distances that he was covering.

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I got a real sense of just
how desperate he was to find a job.

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The testimony of the neighbourhood

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is that the Nevinsons are a sober,
decent, well-living family,

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always eager for and willing to do
any kind of work,

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however poorly paid.

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Mrs Nevinson feels the heat,
being tall and very stout,

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with a face radiating good nature
and even hope.

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How she achieves her expression
or her weight is a mystery.

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For the wolf which many contrive
to keep outside the door

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crosses the threshold of
the Nevinsons' pretty continually.

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This is absolutely shocking,

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just how precarious people's
lives were.

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You don't get any understanding
unless you "hear" it in the voices
of the people themselves.

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"Nothing is against the Nevinsons
but bad luck," say the neighbours.

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They have had a very large family
but, as Mrs Nevinson remarked,

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"The undertaker
has buried them a lot."

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Mrs Nevinson had
an astonishing 22 children,

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but only five survived infancy.

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The diary is a glimpse of what
it was like to fight for survival.

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The parish had a duty to provide
food for the children of the poor,

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but there were no benefits
as we think of them today.

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If the conditions we found in York

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approximate even roughly to those in
other towns up and down the country,

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they point to a social evil,
appalling in its magnitude.

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It is a terrible blot on the face
of the richest country in the world.

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The Nevinsons' and Rowntree's work

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changed the way we think
about unemployment and poverty.

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Benefits that we all enjoy
can be traced back to what he found
on these streets 100 years ago.

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We're going to attempt something
that's never been tried before -
to track down this crucial family.

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Where are the descendants
of the Nevinsons now?
What happened to them?

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If we find them, what will that
tell us about all of our families,

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about the journey of ordinary
working people over a century?

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We are setting ourselves
an enormous task.

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All we know about the Nevinsons
is their name

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and the few details in that diary.

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We'll need more than that,
so where do we begin?

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To start with,
we target the archives, the parish
and city records of 1910.

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We head to the Borthwick Institute
in York,

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where some local records
of 100 years ago are kept.

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As soon as we start, the scale of
the challenge becomes apparent.

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These are the parish records

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from about the time
that the diaries were produced.

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They're for the areas of Layerthorpe
and Hungate, the poor areas of York,

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and are likely to be
where our families lived.

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So far, we've had no breakthrough,
despite all our searches.

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We can't find the Nevinsons.

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It's hard work.
Census returns, electoral rolls,
housing surveys all draw blank.

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So we broaden our search
and spend days scouring files

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not only in York, but at
the Public Record Office in London.

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Still we have no success.

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Time to call in the experts.

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York's Family History Society
are archive detectives

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who specialise in finding
lost branches of a family tree.

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Maybe they can spot clues
that we are missing.

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You know about our search,
but we've not had much success.

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It's surprising given that, in the
book, there's quite a lot of detail.

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00:14:06,960 --> 00:14:13,240
Pam and David have
an impressive track record
at forensically searching records.

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00:14:13,240 --> 00:14:18,600
Maybe they can help find this
elusive family from a century ago.

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There's quite a clear description
of where they lived.

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"The Nevinsons live in a very small
four-roomed house in a small street.

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"Fortunately, it's situated
on the outskirts of the city,
on pretty high ground."

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You get a real feel for where
they are. Has this been a help? No.

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Good! It seems like there was
a lot in there!

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There is an awful lot in there.

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But to find a very small
four-roomed house in a small street

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on the outskirts of the city,
I have no idea where we could start.

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Wasn't Nevinson a pretty big clue?

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What have you done
to track down the Nevinson name?

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00:15:02,440 --> 00:15:08,000
On the 1911 census
I found a Nevison, not Nevinson.
There's no Nevinson.

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So it's difficult, this research,

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even though it does give
a lot of information in the survey.

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It's very little when it comes down
to it. David, where do we go now?

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Well, I think that we're coming
to the conclusion

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that the names for
not only the Nevinsons,

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but for all the families,
are pseudonyms.

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If we work on that assumption,

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then it's going to be
a bit of a long job!

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If the names have been changed,

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finding the Nevinsons
is going to be really hard.

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But there's one last hope -
York's cemetery.

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Wherever you lived in York,

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there was only one place
you went to when you died.

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00:16:00,240 --> 00:16:03,400
There are 123,000 people
buried here.

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00:16:03,400 --> 00:16:08,200
Historians have spent 16 years
entering the names into a database.

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Maybe this is our final chance.

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We can look in our database
for anybody of that name. Nevinson.

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PAM: Ah!
Nobody.

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What do you think, Hugh?

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It's a blow that we haven't got
Mr Nevinson in your system,
therefore in that cemetery.

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Is it the end of the line? It's the
end of the line for that surname.

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That lends weight to the fact
that these are pseudonyms.

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00:16:41,120 --> 00:16:46,600
We've got to look for other clues
that might lead us to the family.

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00:16:46,600 --> 00:16:50,480
What do you think, David?
Well, there's always hope.

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That's the spirit!
We aren't going to give up just yet.

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We can only conclude
their names were changed,

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probably to protect
the family's privacy.

231
00:17:15,040 --> 00:17:18,960
But what about Rowntree's original
research notes?

232
00:17:18,960 --> 00:17:23,360
It turns out we can't even
go back to them.

233
00:17:23,360 --> 00:17:29,160
We discover they were burned when
he moved from York in the 1930s.

234
00:17:31,480 --> 00:17:35,520
So if Mr Nevinson isn't really
called Mr Nevinson

235
00:17:35,520 --> 00:17:40,920
and the paperwork is all gone, how
on earth are we to track him down?

236
00:17:40,920 --> 00:17:44,960
That book and those diaries
are full of clues.

237
00:17:44,960 --> 00:17:49,760
There must be something
we've missed.

238
00:17:49,760 --> 00:17:53,480
What about the man
behind all this research?

239
00:17:53,480 --> 00:17:59,880
Perhaps the key to solving
our mystery is somewhere in the life
of Seebohm Rowntree.

240
00:18:06,520 --> 00:18:10,680
Rowntree's was a company
with its history and its success

241
00:18:10,680 --> 00:18:12,720
rooted in York.

242
00:18:15,960 --> 00:18:18,200
We're in the heart of the city.

243
00:18:18,200 --> 00:18:22,440
One of York's main shopping streets
is across the end here.

244
00:18:22,440 --> 00:18:25,080
We're here because of this building.

245
00:18:25,080 --> 00:18:28,960
From inside here sprang
a British institution.

246
00:18:28,960 --> 00:18:32,400
This place now might be
a pizza restaurant

247
00:18:32,400 --> 00:18:36,480
but back in 1850,
this was Joseph Rowntree's shop.

248
00:18:36,480 --> 00:18:41,360
He was a grocer and he imported tea
and he'd just started selling cocoa.

249
00:18:41,360 --> 00:18:45,800
He had a number of apprentices.
Let me introduce you to three.

250
00:18:45,800 --> 00:18:50,480
George Cadbury, Lewis Fry
and his son, Joseph Rowntree.

251
00:18:50,480 --> 00:18:55,560
Three big names from British
chocolate worked here as young men.

252
00:18:55,560 --> 00:18:58,440
An industry started in this shop.

253
00:18:58,440 --> 00:19:03,680
And that industry was thriving
by the time Seebohm came along.

254
00:19:03,680 --> 00:19:08,160
He was the son of Joseph Rowntree,
the young apprentice.

255
00:19:08,160 --> 00:19:10,200
The family were Quakers.

256
00:19:10,200 --> 00:19:14,160
Their faith deeply influenced
how the company was run,

257
00:19:14,160 --> 00:19:17,120
and every aspect of their lives.

258
00:19:17,120 --> 00:19:21,000
Seebohm went to Bootham,
the Quaker school in York.

259
00:19:21,000 --> 00:19:24,440
This is the area he would recognise.

260
00:19:24,440 --> 00:19:29,520
What he learned here influenced
everything he did later in life.

261
00:19:29,520 --> 00:19:34,160
Help me with this idea of what
it is to be a Quaker, the faith.

262
00:19:34,160 --> 00:19:36,240
What does that mean?

263
00:19:36,240 --> 00:19:42,440
It's a branch of Christianity that
believes in the simple form of faith

264
00:19:42,440 --> 00:19:46,560
and the idea that there is
that of God in every person.

265
00:19:46,560 --> 00:19:51,160
That would have underpinned the way
that the school was operated,

266
00:19:51,160 --> 00:19:54,280
its plainness in speech
and language,

267
00:19:54,280 --> 00:19:58,560
and plainness in the way that
everyday life was conducted.

268
00:19:58,560 --> 00:20:01,520
From school,
it was into the family firm.

269
00:20:01,520 --> 00:20:05,120
When his father retired,
he became chairman.

270
00:20:05,120 --> 00:20:08,880
Rowntree's was one of
the biggest factories in the city,

271
00:20:08,880 --> 00:20:11,200
employing more than 10,000 people.

272
00:20:11,200 --> 00:20:15,520
Seebohm Rowntree himself
is emerging from the shadows.

273
00:20:15,520 --> 00:20:20,760
He was not originally intended
to take over the family firm.

274
00:20:20,760 --> 00:20:24,360
His elder brother died
and Seebohm stepped in.

275
00:20:24,360 --> 00:20:28,120
His interest was social policy
and social affairs.

276
00:20:30,080 --> 00:20:36,320
It was part of Rowntree's
Quaker background to present
what he found without judgment.

277
00:20:36,320 --> 00:20:39,920
He was meticulous
in his attention to detail.

278
00:20:39,920 --> 00:20:43,440
He pushed his researchers
to be accurate

279
00:20:43,440 --> 00:20:46,080
in reporting what they observed.

280
00:20:47,440 --> 00:20:51,760
The book is packed full of raw data
about York's unemployed

281
00:20:51,760 --> 00:20:56,240
and it gives precise information,
not only about Mr Nevinson

282
00:20:56,240 --> 00:20:58,320
but about his family as well.

283
00:20:58,320 --> 00:21:00,680
Maybe there's something there.

284
00:21:00,680 --> 00:21:03,760
This is how they are described.

285
00:21:03,760 --> 00:21:07,800
One of the children
is a delicate girl of 20,

286
00:21:07,800 --> 00:21:12,680
who has worked in various factories,
but always left through ill health.

287
00:21:12,680 --> 00:21:17,560
She sits by the fire, inactive,
while her mother bustles to and fro.

288
00:21:17,560 --> 00:21:19,980
She looks more like death than life,

289
00:21:19,980 --> 00:21:27,760
yet she is to be married in a few
weeks to a man whose employment
is quite fitful and precarious.

290
00:21:27,760 --> 00:21:32,040
The other is a lad of 12,
undersized but fairly healthy.

291
00:21:32,040 --> 00:21:36,360
Another child, the youngest,
is at the Blind School

292
00:21:36,360 --> 00:21:38,760
but comes home for holidays.

293
00:21:41,280 --> 00:21:44,360
A daughter who went
to a school for the blind!

294
00:21:44,360 --> 00:21:48,200
Could this be the clue
we've been looking for?

295
00:21:48,200 --> 00:21:52,920
In the early 1900s, there was
a famous Blind School in the city.

296
00:21:59,840 --> 00:22:04,120
It featured in
an early film about York.

297
00:22:05,760 --> 00:22:09,760
Time to go back
to our investigators.

298
00:22:19,480 --> 00:22:26,320
We meet at the Blind School itself,
now part of the University of York.

299
00:22:26,320 --> 00:22:30,960
If this is to be trusted
and we can believe what's in here,

300
00:22:30,960 --> 00:22:34,560
we've got this young girl
who's blind,

301
00:22:34,560 --> 00:22:38,360
at this school
in the centre of York.

302
00:22:38,360 --> 00:22:41,520
We know that
she's approximately ten or 11.

303
00:22:41,520 --> 00:22:49,200
The 1911 census lists the children
who went to the Blind School
100 years ago.

304
00:22:49,200 --> 00:22:52,880
Could our lost little girl be here?

305
00:22:52,880 --> 00:22:57,680
Pam and David say these records
give the chance of a breakthrough.

306
00:22:57,680 --> 00:23:03,440
There are six girls of the right
age. Five are from outside York.

307
00:23:03,440 --> 00:23:05,440
There's only one...

308
00:23:05,440 --> 00:23:10,600
There's only one that's just
plainly born in York.

309
00:23:10,600 --> 00:23:14,120
Through all the book?
That's right. In the school.

310
00:23:14,120 --> 00:23:17,080
It's an enormous stroke of luck.

311
00:23:17,080 --> 00:23:21,280
Down the end here
is, in theory, our answer.

312
00:23:21,280 --> 00:23:25,600
Ivy Addy,
and she is the correct age of ten.

313
00:23:25,600 --> 00:23:29,960
Ivy Addy. It's extraordinary
that we've got a name.

314
00:23:29,960 --> 00:23:34,080
We've been working with Nevinson
for so long. That's right.

315
00:23:34,080 --> 00:23:36,960
But the actual real name is Addy.

316
00:23:36,960 --> 00:23:40,360
Could this child
be our missing link?

317
00:23:40,360 --> 00:23:44,080
You're being really guarded.
We've found the family.

318
00:23:44,080 --> 00:23:47,840
We have to prove it
without a shadow of a doubt.

319
00:23:50,160 --> 00:23:52,160
It's amazing to me

320
00:23:52,160 --> 00:23:54,200
that our big breakthrough

321
00:23:54,200 --> 00:23:58,920
was a little girl who played
in this courtyard 100 years ago.

322
00:23:58,920 --> 00:24:03,200
Ivy Addy, the youngest daughter
of our lost family,

323
00:24:03,200 --> 00:24:07,000
who came here
to the Blind School in York.

324
00:24:10,680 --> 00:24:15,680
Here's her name again,
in the school's annual report.

325
00:24:15,680 --> 00:24:18,800
She's somewhere in this picture.

326
00:24:21,240 --> 00:24:25,280
Ivy Addy definitely was here
in 1910.

327
00:24:25,280 --> 00:24:28,120
We just need to find out for sure

328
00:24:28,120 --> 00:24:32,680
her family details match the family
Rowntree wrote about.

329
00:24:32,680 --> 00:24:38,480
Next step, the city archives, to try
and find the name of her father.

330
00:24:38,480 --> 00:24:43,360
100 years ago, children in York
received a vaccination for smallpox.

331
00:24:43,360 --> 00:24:45,640
The records are still kept.

332
00:24:45,640 --> 00:24:50,880
If Ivy Addy is here,
we'll be led to our family.

333
00:24:50,880 --> 00:24:53,560
There she is.

334
00:24:53,560 --> 00:24:55,560
Wow. There she is.

335
00:24:56,960 --> 00:25:01,240
So, she was born on 5th April 1900.

336
00:25:01,240 --> 00:25:03,400
She lived at 6 Ancroft Street

337
00:25:03,400 --> 00:25:05,920
and her father was John Thomas Addy.

338
00:25:08,480 --> 00:25:12,520
That's the eureka moment!
That is the eureka moment.

339
00:25:12,520 --> 00:25:17,280
Ivy Addy is the key and, after
months, we found our lost family.

340
00:25:17,280 --> 00:25:20,960
In the records,
everything about Ivy tallies -

341
00:25:20,960 --> 00:25:24,000
her mother, father, brother
and sister.

342
00:25:24,000 --> 00:25:27,000
The names had been changed,
after all.

343
00:25:27,000 --> 00:25:31,480
The man so desperate for work
was not Mr Nevinson but Mr Addy,

344
00:25:31,480 --> 00:25:33,520
John Thomas Addy.

345
00:25:33,520 --> 00:25:36,600
And now we have a name,
we can dig deeper.

346
00:25:36,600 --> 00:25:40,080
York is a city that lives
with its history.

347
00:25:40,080 --> 00:25:43,880
Within the city walls,
they're digging up the past.

348
00:25:43,880 --> 00:25:47,560
Archeologists are peeling back
the layers of the past.

349
00:25:47,560 --> 00:25:51,600
This surface is 1,000 years old.

350
00:25:51,600 --> 00:25:54,480
They're dealing with Jorvik,

351
00:25:54,480 --> 00:25:57,720
that Viking age city,
and underneath that,

352
00:25:57,720 --> 00:26:01,160
we're going to find Roman archeology
as well.

353
00:26:01,160 --> 00:26:04,960
The archeology you're interested in
is further out.

354
00:26:04,960 --> 00:26:09,480
Over the Roman and Viking layers,
here at Hungate

355
00:26:09,480 --> 00:26:13,560
the Victorians built rows of tiny
back-to-back houses.

356
00:26:13,560 --> 00:26:19,240
Because we now know our family is
called Addy their world opens up.

357
00:26:20,640 --> 00:26:24,240
We are walking into
our most recent excavation,

358
00:26:24,240 --> 00:26:27,960
focusing on 19th-century
and early 20th-century Hungate.

359
00:26:27,960 --> 00:26:32,120
Through the remains
of the Bricklayer's Arms.

360
00:26:32,120 --> 00:26:36,920
This is a photograph of the actual
street we're walking through.

361
00:26:36,920 --> 00:26:40,360
To the left, you can see the pub.

362
00:26:41,640 --> 00:26:46,440
We're now walking through, well,
somebody's house. These are houses?

363
00:26:46,440 --> 00:26:50,520
This is a house. We're now
into somebody else's house.

364
00:26:50,520 --> 00:26:55,200
There is a row of ten one-up,
one-down back-to-back houses here.

365
00:26:55,200 --> 00:26:57,240
If we stand up onto here,

366
00:26:57,240 --> 00:27:01,280
we're now standing above
the exact space

367
00:27:01,280 --> 00:27:05,480
where the Addy family were living
in 1881.

368
00:27:05,480 --> 00:27:10,080
The 1881 census reveals, amazingly,
that the Hungate dig

369
00:27:10,080 --> 00:27:14,880
has unearthed the exact house
the Addys lived in 130 years ago.

370
00:27:21,360 --> 00:27:25,440
It seems extraordinary to me
that after all of our searching,

371
00:27:25,440 --> 00:27:30,760
we can trace back this family to
a house unearthed by archeologists.

372
00:27:30,760 --> 00:27:35,400
Entire families living in just
two rooms - one up and one down.

373
00:27:38,240 --> 00:27:41,400
By the time of the survey in 1910,

374
00:27:41,400 --> 00:27:43,960
the Addys had moved from here.

375
00:27:43,960 --> 00:27:48,160
All we know is that the family
lived on the edge of town.

376
00:27:48,160 --> 00:27:50,320
Where, exactly, was that?

377
00:27:50,320 --> 00:27:52,760
Time for more detective work,

378
00:27:52,760 --> 00:27:56,720
hunting through birth certificates
and census returns.

379
00:27:58,360 --> 00:28:00,200
After Hungate,

380
00:28:00,200 --> 00:28:02,840
the Addys came to live here.

381
00:28:02,840 --> 00:28:07,480
It would have looked very different,
pretty much everything has changed

382
00:28:07,480 --> 00:28:11,160
apart from that chapel,
now a commercial property.

383
00:28:11,160 --> 00:28:15,640
We know from the work we've done
and from this old map,

384
00:28:15,640 --> 00:28:20,480
that this used to be Phoenix Street,
where the Addys came to live.

385
00:28:20,480 --> 00:28:25,600
This would have been a step up,
away from the slums of central York.

386
00:28:25,600 --> 00:28:30,240
Because of our research, we know
something else, and it's amazing.

387
00:28:30,240 --> 00:28:32,320
100 years on,

388
00:28:32,320 --> 00:28:36,200
the Addy family live less than
two miles away from this property.

389
00:28:37,840 --> 00:28:41,240
So we can now move our story
forward.

390
00:28:41,240 --> 00:28:43,600
It wasn't just finding them.

391
00:28:43,600 --> 00:28:48,400
We wanted to know what had happened
to them as the century shifted on.

392
00:28:48,400 --> 00:28:51,560
If they survived,
what became of them?

393
00:29:02,480 --> 00:29:05,800
The man I'm about to meet
can tell me.

394
00:29:05,800 --> 00:29:08,840
He's the grandson
of John Thomas Addy.

395
00:29:08,840 --> 00:29:13,520
Until we found the family, he had
no idea about the Rowntree study

396
00:29:13,520 --> 00:29:15,560
or about the research.

397
00:29:15,560 --> 00:29:20,240
But this man is just two generations
from someone who wrote a diary

398
00:29:20,240 --> 00:29:25,000
that captured a life with no work,
little food and fading hope.

399
00:29:29,560 --> 00:29:31,600
Hi. How are you?

400
00:29:31,600 --> 00:29:35,720
Nice to meet you. You too.
Are you well? Yes, fine thank you.

401
00:29:35,720 --> 00:29:38,040
Do come in. I will. Thank you.

402
00:29:39,360 --> 00:29:45,000
So, what do you think about our
amazing discovery? It's so strange.

403
00:29:45,000 --> 00:29:49,280
It's remarkable, really.
It is. It's extraordinary.

404
00:29:49,280 --> 00:29:51,800
In fact, it's unbelievable. Yeah...

405
00:29:51,800 --> 00:29:55,360
Ian Addy is the son of the boy
in the book,

406
00:29:55,360 --> 00:29:59,760
the lad described as
"12 and underweight but healthy".

407
00:30:00,800 --> 00:30:05,920
I found reading
what my ancestors had done,

408
00:30:05,920 --> 00:30:09,360
and the struggle
in that particular time,

409
00:30:09,360 --> 00:30:13,480
was just something that...

410
00:30:17,600 --> 00:30:19,880
..was amazing, really.

411
00:30:19,880 --> 00:30:28,080
And...I just thought, "I'm so lucky
that, in fact, it's come to this.

412
00:30:28,080 --> 00:30:35,160
"That people have joined me
with my ancestors, basically."

413
00:30:35,160 --> 00:30:38,200
"MR NEVINSON": Friday 15th July.

414
00:30:38,200 --> 00:30:42,720
Got up at 5am. Went round town to
several places, hoping to find work.

415
00:30:42,720 --> 00:30:46,480
But was unsuccessful.
Back home at 10am.

416
00:30:46,480 --> 00:30:48,560
Had some cold tea and bread.

417
00:30:48,560 --> 00:30:50,640
Went out until three.

418
00:30:50,640 --> 00:30:55,480
Carried a bag for a gentleman to the
station. Got sixpence for the job.

419
00:30:55,480 --> 00:30:59,120
Bought quarter of flour,
two pennyworth of kippers

420
00:30:59,120 --> 00:31:03,320
and two ounces of tea leaf siftings
for a penny ha'penny.

421
00:31:03,320 --> 00:31:07,720
It's just an age that's gone by.

422
00:31:07,720 --> 00:31:11,920
It's looking through a keyhole
and realising

423
00:31:11,920 --> 00:31:15,000
just how lucky I am.

424
00:31:15,000 --> 00:31:16,600
Now.

425
00:31:18,000 --> 00:31:21,080
This is your grandma here,
Mrs Nevinson.

426
00:31:21,080 --> 00:31:26,160
She's tall and stout and has a face
radiating good nature.

427
00:31:26,160 --> 00:31:28,920
You do that. How does that feel?

428
00:31:28,920 --> 00:31:33,200
It's just a lovely trait
that the Addy family have.

429
00:31:33,200 --> 00:31:40,600
She must have been an amazing
and resourceful woman.

430
00:31:40,600 --> 00:31:46,680
And a strong woman, when you think
of the number of children she had.

431
00:31:46,680 --> 00:31:51,760
It's only 100 years ago. Yeah.
But does it feel very different?

432
00:31:51,760 --> 00:31:53,800
They lost 17 children.

433
00:31:53,800 --> 00:31:58,000
Yeah. You think of that
from a health point of view.

434
00:31:58,000 --> 00:32:02,520
Things have come along that way
but, for the rest of things,

435
00:32:02,520 --> 00:32:06,360
there's a lot of parallels
between then and now.

436
00:32:06,360 --> 00:32:09,640
Particularly, I think,
for young people.

437
00:32:09,640 --> 00:32:12,200
There are direct links with you.

438
00:32:12,200 --> 00:32:16,560
This is Wednesday July 13 1910. Yes.

439
00:32:16,560 --> 00:32:21,800
This is Mr Nevinson, who we know
is Mr Addy, your grandfather.

440
00:32:21,800 --> 00:32:26,280
"Cut some old boots up to mend
the little boy's boots." Sidney.

441
00:32:26,280 --> 00:32:29,160
Sidney was your dad. That's right.

442
00:32:29,160 --> 00:32:33,800
How does it feel? Make do and mend.
That's what one did.

443
00:32:40,920 --> 00:32:45,560
Now we know Mr Nevinson
was John Thomas Addy.

444
00:32:45,560 --> 00:32:49,200
And his son, Sidney,
was Ian's father.

445
00:32:49,200 --> 00:32:53,160
We don't know whether
John Thomas Addy found regular work.

446
00:32:53,160 --> 00:32:55,240
But we know his son did.

447
00:32:55,240 --> 00:32:57,360
As York prospered in the '20s,

448
00:32:57,360 --> 00:33:00,800
a time nationally
of near full employment,

449
00:33:00,800 --> 00:33:03,840
Sidney went to the cocoa works.

450
00:33:03,840 --> 00:33:07,800
ORIGINAL VOICEOVER:
Rowntree's, the cocoa works,

451
00:33:07,800 --> 00:33:13,000
employing many thousands of men,
women, boys and girls...

452
00:33:13,000 --> 00:33:17,320
Sidney Addy was working
at a company still run by the man

453
00:33:17,320 --> 00:33:19,680
who'd written about his family.

454
00:33:19,680 --> 00:33:24,360
This is Seebohm Rowntree in 1920,
showing the then Duke of York,

455
00:33:24,360 --> 00:33:28,440
later George VI,
around the chocolate factory.

456
00:33:30,480 --> 00:33:34,560
Unlike his father,
Sidney held on to a steady job,

457
00:33:34,560 --> 00:33:40,640
despite a generation where millions
were thrown out of work
because of the Depression.

458
00:33:40,640 --> 00:33:46,520
The government
had to increase the benefits it gave
to those without a job.

459
00:33:46,520 --> 00:33:49,560
Nothing like now,
but more than had gone before.

460
00:33:50,600 --> 00:33:54,240
Is that your father?
That's my father.

461
00:33:54,240 --> 00:33:56,360
Were you close to him?

462
00:33:56,360 --> 00:33:58,800
Yes. We were very close.

463
00:33:58,800 --> 00:34:02,600
We know from the diaries
the poverty Sidney grew up in.

464
00:34:02,600 --> 00:34:07,320
What about his son's life? What had
changed for Ian's generation?

465
00:34:07,320 --> 00:34:11,840
How old are you there? I'd be five.

466
00:34:11,840 --> 00:34:16,920
Even in that time
of the Second World War,

467
00:34:16,920 --> 00:34:20,880
although there was rationing,
there was food.

468
00:34:20,880 --> 00:34:25,400
It wasn't just margarine and bread.
We did have other things.

469
00:34:25,400 --> 00:34:28,560
We might have to go down
to the gasworks

470
00:34:28,560 --> 00:34:34,520
to get some coke with a pram, but
we got by. We did what we had to do.

471
00:34:34,520 --> 00:34:37,080
Like his father before him.

472
00:34:37,080 --> 00:34:42,600
Though Sidney and the unemployed of
York had lived through hard times,

473
00:34:42,600 --> 00:34:46,560
the lot of the working man
was improving.

474
00:34:46,560 --> 00:34:50,640
Action is being taken on the worst
aspects of slum housing.

475
00:34:50,640 --> 00:34:53,960
People are living
in much better conditions.

476
00:34:53,960 --> 00:34:58,880
The council is taking an active part
in improving the housing stock,

477
00:34:58,880 --> 00:35:03,120
raising people's physical
standard of living.

478
00:35:03,120 --> 00:35:05,760
It is very much a halfway house

479
00:35:05,760 --> 00:35:09,720
between the world of 1910
and what was to come.

480
00:35:09,720 --> 00:35:15,320
After the Depression, the economy
expanded and Rowntree's grew.

481
00:35:15,320 --> 00:35:17,840
They were employing more people.

482
00:35:17,840 --> 00:35:20,560
Sidney Addy was one
of the lucky ones.

483
00:35:20,560 --> 00:35:25,040
He worked through the heyday
of the chocolate factory.

484
00:35:25,040 --> 00:35:29,600
VOICEOVER: You've probably wondered
how these delightful wiggly things

485
00:35:29,600 --> 00:35:32,840
get on the top of chocolate...

486
00:35:32,840 --> 00:35:37,760
This is the main central
corridor of the cream block.

487
00:35:37,760 --> 00:35:43,000
It led to the production areas. The
heart of the factory? Definitely.

488
00:35:43,000 --> 00:35:48,800
Now you can see
that it's all done by hand.

489
00:35:48,800 --> 00:35:53,720
There's no girl like
a Yorkshire girl for dexterity.

490
00:35:53,720 --> 00:35:56,120
At least, that's what they say.

491
00:35:56,120 --> 00:35:59,120
When the ladies were leaving
for the day,

492
00:35:59,120 --> 00:36:04,560
they'd be queuing up with their
cigarettes in their mouths

493
00:36:04,560 --> 00:36:09,120
to light up as soon
as they got through the doors.

494
00:36:09,120 --> 00:36:13,400
Rowntree's were embracing
the latest technology.

495
00:36:15,000 --> 00:36:19,080
The skillful fingers of each machine
wrap up one chocolate each

496
00:36:19,080 --> 00:36:21,400
every second of the day.

497
00:36:30,680 --> 00:36:34,120
This is the world's first cinema
advert with sound.

498
00:36:34,120 --> 00:36:38,720
York milk is so much nicer.
Try some and see.

499
00:36:38,720 --> 00:36:42,720
It was for the chocolate bar
that was to become the Yorkie.

500
00:36:42,720 --> 00:36:47,280
Ooh! Isn't it lovely?
It's quite different.

501
00:36:47,280 --> 00:36:52,720
They might have been a progressive
company, embracing new ideas,

502
00:36:52,720 --> 00:36:56,640
but it didn't mean Rowntree's
always made money.

503
00:37:00,360 --> 00:37:04,720
Back in its heyday,
in those days when this was so busy,

504
00:37:04,720 --> 00:37:08,320
what kind of businessman
was Seebohm Rowntree?

505
00:37:08,320 --> 00:37:14,400
He was good at finding talented
people, nurturing their talent,
putting them to work.

506
00:37:14,400 --> 00:37:17,960
But he didn't make
a great deal of money.

507
00:37:17,960 --> 00:37:21,640
In 1921, he made a 33% loss.

508
00:37:21,640 --> 00:37:24,920
Then, in 1931,
things had got so dire

509
00:37:24,920 --> 00:37:31,360
it looked as though the business
wasn't going to be able to pay
dividends to their shareholders.

510
00:37:31,360 --> 00:37:36,520
He had to reshuffle the board
and start looking at last measures,

511
00:37:36,520 --> 00:37:40,320
emergency measures
to try and save the business.

512
00:37:40,320 --> 00:37:43,800
It looked like
it was going to go bankrupt.

513
00:37:43,800 --> 00:37:48,800
But workers like Sidney Addy
were able to hang on to their jobs.

514
00:37:48,800 --> 00:37:55,160
The company had a radically
different view of the relationship
between employer and employee.

515
00:37:56,760 --> 00:38:01,840
The bottom line wasn't the sole
motivation for being in business.

516
00:38:01,840 --> 00:38:06,120
They even built a new village
for York workers,

517
00:38:06,120 --> 00:38:09,360
and not just for those
from their company.

518
00:38:09,360 --> 00:38:14,040
They wanted people to have decent
homes with gardens and space.

519
00:38:16,280 --> 00:38:20,480
Seebohm was investing in
health care, libraries, theatres

520
00:38:20,480 --> 00:38:23,360
and swimming pools for his staff,

521
00:38:23,360 --> 00:38:26,880
alongside production
and development.

522
00:38:26,880 --> 00:38:30,680
How different was he
from other people,

523
00:38:30,680 --> 00:38:34,440
the way they treated
their workforce? Oh, crumbs.

524
00:38:34,440 --> 00:38:38,400
He set the standard
for the way you treat a workforce.

525
00:38:38,400 --> 00:38:44,920
How enthusiastically did they
embrace the idea of a library?
They thought it was wonderful.

526
00:38:44,920 --> 00:38:49,120
The company magazine is full of
regular lists of the latest books.

527
00:38:49,120 --> 00:38:53,360
Lots of cheap trashy novels,
which Seebohm approved of

528
00:38:53,360 --> 00:38:56,920
because it edified them
to think of higher things.

529
00:38:56,920 --> 00:39:00,560
An important part in the social life

530
00:39:00,560 --> 00:39:04,440
is played by the athletic
and sports clubs

531
00:39:04,440 --> 00:39:09,560
which organise plenty of healthy
rivalry during leisure hours.

532
00:39:09,560 --> 00:39:13,960
We believe this is a rare recording
of Seebohm Rowntree.

533
00:39:13,960 --> 00:39:19,440
His accent sounds almost Scottish,
but he was born and raised in York.

534
00:39:19,440 --> 00:39:24,080
This is held towards the end of June
on the company's playing field...

535
00:39:24,080 --> 00:39:28,800
This was a time of arch capitalism.
What did other people in the company

536
00:39:28,800 --> 00:39:34,240
think of spending money on things
that wouldn't bring money back?

537
00:39:34,240 --> 00:39:41,160
Most of the board of directors
were related to him or worked with
his father in the very early days.

538
00:39:41,160 --> 00:39:45,440
They were all in it together.
The workforce thought it was great.

539
00:39:45,440 --> 00:39:49,880
They saw Seebohm Rowntree
as sort of a figurehead,

540
00:39:49,880 --> 00:39:52,360
a focus for affection.

541
00:39:52,360 --> 00:39:56,160
But his legacy is not to be found
at the factory.

542
00:39:56,160 --> 00:40:02,400
Seebohm Rowntree continued
to advise politicians
throughout the '30s and '40s.

543
00:40:02,400 --> 00:40:08,000
His research helped mould the way
we treat the poor and the jobless.

544
00:40:08,000 --> 00:40:11,840
The welfare state was created
by Seebohm Rowntree,

545
00:40:11,840 --> 00:40:15,520
by his recommendations
in his poverty study.

546
00:40:15,520 --> 00:40:20,160
Legislation in workplaces today is
as a result of the work that he did.

547
00:40:20,160 --> 00:40:24,240
We have pension funds,
paid annual holiday,

548
00:40:24,240 --> 00:40:29,600
all kinds of rights that
you now expect, it started with him.

549
00:40:29,600 --> 00:40:33,560
He decided that an employee
who was being dismissed

550
00:40:33,560 --> 00:40:37,480
ought to be paid wages,
like a redundancy package.

551
00:40:37,480 --> 00:40:43,800
He said, "We will pay pensions
to workers who've been here
for many years." He pioneered that.

552
00:40:44,520 --> 00:40:49,440
Ah. You've beaten us to it!
It's good to get out of the fog.

553
00:40:49,440 --> 00:40:52,880
It's awful outside, Mummy.
It's terrible.

554
00:40:52,880 --> 00:40:56,240
I've made a nice hot cup
of Rowntree's cocoa.

555
00:40:56,240 --> 00:40:58,960
That'll make us all feel better.

556
00:41:01,600 --> 00:41:04,800
Seebohm Rowntree died in 1954.

557
00:41:04,800 --> 00:41:08,840
He lived to see many of his ideas
made real.

558
00:41:08,840 --> 00:41:14,000
1946 had seen the introduction
of the welfare state,

559
00:41:14,000 --> 00:41:17,040
with benefits
for anyone out of work.

560
00:41:17,040 --> 00:41:20,160
For two decades,
the population would soar,

561
00:41:20,160 --> 00:41:25,200
but unemployment would stay low,
rarely more than half a million.

562
00:41:25,200 --> 00:41:32,000
The post-war world in York
is the post-war world in most other
British towns and cities.

563
00:41:34,560 --> 00:41:36,960
There is stable full employment,

564
00:41:36,960 --> 00:41:42,840
big industries that are employing
large numbers of people -

565
00:41:42,840 --> 00:41:46,320
skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled.

566
00:41:46,320 --> 00:41:51,960
If you get a job with these
organisations, you're not laid off
when work dips.

567
00:41:51,960 --> 00:41:55,000
It's that cliche of a job for life.

568
00:41:55,000 --> 00:41:58,600
Start at Rowntree's
or the railway after the war,

569
00:41:58,600 --> 00:42:02,760
you expect to be there
for the rest of your working life.

570
00:42:04,920 --> 00:42:08,640
# And he gave me

571
00:42:08,640 --> 00:42:12,680
# A box of Dairy Box... #

572
00:42:12,680 --> 00:42:15,360
Into the '50s, the economy boomed.

573
00:42:15,360 --> 00:42:19,600
For young people, there was a sense
of freedom and opportunity.

574
00:42:19,600 --> 00:42:24,280
..a box of Dairy Box.

575
00:42:24,280 --> 00:42:29,520
And it was at this time that
Ian Addy started his working life.

576
00:42:29,520 --> 00:42:33,320
We're looking at
the Five Sisters window.

577
00:42:33,320 --> 00:42:37,600
That's grisaille glass.
It's grey glass.

578
00:42:37,600 --> 00:42:39,720
It's 13th century...

579
00:42:39,720 --> 00:42:42,960
The grandson of John Thomas Addy,

580
00:42:42,960 --> 00:42:46,160
who'd paced the streets looking
for work,

581
00:42:46,160 --> 00:42:52,280
joined the Minster as a glazier -
not just work, but a trade.

582
00:42:52,280 --> 00:42:54,360
This is the Zouche chapel.

583
00:42:54,360 --> 00:42:58,800
This is a good place to look at
some medieval glass

584
00:42:58,800 --> 00:43:01,080
at close quarters.

585
00:43:01,080 --> 00:43:05,080
So how old is this?
There's some 15th-century

586
00:43:05,080 --> 00:43:08,160
and some 16th-century panels.

587
00:43:08,160 --> 00:43:12,200
And they're a joy,
if you look at that one there.

588
00:43:12,200 --> 00:43:14,640
It's the spider

589
00:43:14,640 --> 00:43:17,840
and the wren, beautifully done.

590
00:43:19,560 --> 00:43:22,960
When I left school,
I was fortunate enough

591
00:43:22,960 --> 00:43:26,440
to find that there were jobs
out there.

592
00:43:26,440 --> 00:43:32,160
I went to the technical college
and I had a choice of jobs.

593
00:43:32,160 --> 00:43:39,880
And looking down the list of jobs,
there was one for
a glazier at York Minster.

594
00:43:39,880 --> 00:43:45,200
"Glazier" is a term now used
for ordinary glass.

595
00:43:45,200 --> 00:43:49,560
A better term might be stained glass
craftsman or restorationist,

596
00:43:49,560 --> 00:43:54,280
because you're dealing
with something a bit special here.

597
00:43:54,280 --> 00:43:58,520
Your grandfather, as we know from
the diary, had no choice.

598
00:43:58,520 --> 00:44:01,160
He took whatever work was about.

599
00:44:01,160 --> 00:44:05,440
Your father worked but
he didn't have much choice either.

600
00:44:05,440 --> 00:44:09,480
He provided his labour for a wage
to keep you in food.

601
00:44:09,480 --> 00:44:14,480
How much choice did you feel that
you had in the labour market? Well.

602
00:44:14,480 --> 00:44:16,640
There was a big choice.

603
00:44:16,640 --> 00:44:22,440
The people at the technical college
found that there were jobs for them.

604
00:44:22,480 --> 00:44:28,400
VOICEOVER: We're on top of a very
high building in the city of York.

605
00:44:28,400 --> 00:44:33,240
Over there, behind the walls,
thousands of people are at work.

606
00:44:33,240 --> 00:44:37,600
They're at work in a factory,
a special kind of factory...

607
00:44:37,600 --> 00:44:44,240
This is my generation of York.
This is how I grew up.

608
00:44:44,240 --> 00:44:47,400
The commonplace I accepted
living here.

609
00:44:47,400 --> 00:44:51,960
It's a lovely place to live.
There's work for everybody.

610
00:44:51,960 --> 00:44:58,280
The mass employment in Rowntree's
and the railways continues through
the 1970s and 1980s.

611
00:44:58,280 --> 00:45:00,680
Whatever your background,

612
00:45:00,680 --> 00:45:02,720
the world is your oyster.

613
00:45:02,720 --> 00:45:07,400
You can contemplate university
because there are grants.

614
00:45:07,400 --> 00:45:11,240
You have a choice
of employment opportunities.

615
00:45:11,240 --> 00:45:16,720
In this era the next generation of
Addys started looking for work.

616
00:45:16,720 --> 00:45:18,800
This is the best bit!

617
00:45:18,800 --> 00:45:23,040
The great-grandchildren
of the man from Rowntree's study.

618
00:45:23,040 --> 00:45:27,480
What do you think? You can't sing.
You can't play. You look awful.

619
00:45:29,120 --> 00:45:31,160
You'll go a long way.

620
00:45:31,160 --> 00:45:34,240
You've got two sons.
Simon is a potter.

621
00:45:34,240 --> 00:45:36,600
What about Mark?

622
00:45:36,600 --> 00:45:41,080
Mark, he decided,
whilst at Joseph Rowntree School

623
00:45:41,080 --> 00:45:43,040
to be an actor.

624
00:45:44,360 --> 00:45:48,440
Which filled us with dread.
LAUGHS

625
00:45:48,440 --> 00:45:54,320
But he decided
he would go for auditions

626
00:45:54,320 --> 00:46:01,120
and he was very fortunate enough
to be accepted by RADA.

627
00:46:01,120 --> 00:46:07,320
So we are now about to get
to the third generation
since the diary was written.

628
00:46:07,320 --> 00:46:09,880
It's been a long journey.

629
00:46:09,880 --> 00:46:14,240
We set out to find out what
had happened to John Thomas Addy,

630
00:46:14,240 --> 00:46:17,600
who wrote those diaries in York
100 years ago.

631
00:46:17,600 --> 00:46:22,960
Ian's son would be
the third generation
since those diaries were written.

632
00:46:22,960 --> 00:46:28,560
We had no idea who we'd find,
what they'd be doing,
where they'd be living.

633
00:46:28,560 --> 00:46:33,320
It turns out there is one more
extraordinary twist to this story.

634
00:46:33,320 --> 00:46:36,760
I believe you create
your own opportunities in life.

635
00:46:36,760 --> 00:46:40,080
You gotta go out there
and make things happen.

636
00:46:40,080 --> 00:46:43,440
It's not like something's gonna
drop out the sky

637
00:46:43,440 --> 00:46:45,600
and change your whole life.

638
00:46:47,960 --> 00:46:54,400
That training to be an actor
paid off for the great-grandson
of our desperate diarist.

639
00:46:54,400 --> 00:47:00,320
You might just recognise him
from the small and the big screen.

640
00:47:00,320 --> 00:47:03,560
I can claim it as
a miracle from God.

641
00:47:03,560 --> 00:47:06,400
Church in York would never
deny a miracle.

642
00:47:11,200 --> 00:47:15,280
Your family continues to have
this strong link with York.

643
00:47:15,280 --> 00:47:19,080
How important is it for you
to be living here?

644
00:47:19,080 --> 00:47:22,760
It's a place that I've lived
all my life...

645
00:47:24,520 --> 00:47:29,560
Mark Addy has a life about as far
removed from his great-grandfather's

646
00:47:29,560 --> 00:47:32,000
as you can ever imagine.

647
00:47:32,000 --> 00:47:37,320
What did your parents think when
you said, "I want to be an actor"?

648
00:47:37,320 --> 00:47:41,720
I think they thought it was a phase
I was going through.

649
00:47:41,720 --> 00:47:44,720
But they were very supportive.

650
00:47:44,720 --> 00:47:48,680
Once they realised it was something
I was serious about,

651
00:47:48,680 --> 00:47:52,720
that I was going to actually give it
a fair old stab...

652
00:47:52,720 --> 00:47:56,920
The telly jobs came in
and then in the middle of it all,

653
00:47:56,920 --> 00:48:01,280
The Fully Monty came up and it went
a bit haywire from there.

654
00:48:01,280 --> 00:48:03,280
Get on with it!

655
00:48:03,280 --> 00:48:09,800
We may not be young, we may not
be pretty, but we're here,

656
00:48:09,800 --> 00:48:14,960
we're live and, for one night only,
we're going for the fully monty!

657
00:48:29,000 --> 00:48:32,400
Did you have a sense
with The Full Monty -

658
00:48:32,400 --> 00:48:37,040
about unemployment in Yorkshire -
that was going to be a big film?

659
00:48:37,040 --> 00:48:38,920
Not really.

660
00:48:38,920 --> 00:48:45,480
We assumed that it wouldn't
play well outside of Yorkshire,
let alone outside of this country.

661
00:48:45,480 --> 00:48:49,880
So when it did well Japan
and the States and Peru and places,

662
00:48:49,880 --> 00:48:53,120
I don't quite know
how that worked out.

663
00:48:53,120 --> 00:48:57,320
There were a lot of themes
common to humanity, I suppose.

664
00:48:57,320 --> 00:49:01,000
Mark's acting career
took off in the late '80s

665
00:49:01,000 --> 00:49:04,600
just as jobs started
to leave York.

666
00:49:04,600 --> 00:49:10,760
It held out longer than other parts
of the country, which had
gone through a deep recession.

667
00:49:10,760 --> 00:49:16,400
In 1986, three million people,
one in ten of the workforce,
were unemployed.

668
00:49:16,400 --> 00:49:20,440
Even York's chocolate industry
wasn't immune.

669
00:49:20,440 --> 00:49:25,600
In 1988, after 126 years,
Rowntree's was sold to Nestle.

670
00:49:25,600 --> 00:49:30,040
REPORTER: Managers at Rowntree's
headquarters in York

671
00:49:30,040 --> 00:49:34,880
spent the day explaining details of
the Nestle's offer to the workforce.

672
00:49:34,880 --> 00:49:39,360
I think it's very sad,
owning Rowntree's all these years,

673
00:49:39,360 --> 00:49:42,000
having to let it go to someone else.

674
00:49:42,000 --> 00:49:45,200
It's the best firm in England
to work for.

675
00:49:45,200 --> 00:49:47,320
I've worked there for 45 years.

676
00:49:49,960 --> 00:49:56,120
York was changing,
not just the chocolate industry,
but the other big employer,

677
00:49:56,120 --> 00:49:58,240
the railways.

678
00:49:58,240 --> 00:50:01,600
The city was moving towards
what it is today,

679
00:50:01,600 --> 00:50:04,960
a mixture of tourism
and office jobs.

680
00:50:07,240 --> 00:50:12,640
For the Addys,
a journey that began in slums
of York ended in Hollywood.

681
00:50:12,640 --> 00:50:16,920
There's this extraordinary
coincidence, from our point of view,

682
00:50:16,920 --> 00:50:22,320
that a search that started with this
very poor man four generations ago

683
00:50:22,320 --> 00:50:24,880
here in York, has led to a film star

684
00:50:24,880 --> 00:50:29,360
whose breakthrough film
is about unemployment in Yorkshire.

685
00:50:29,360 --> 00:50:32,120
What are the chances of that?

686
00:50:32,120 --> 00:50:36,680
But that's, I suppose, that's...
That's the nature of these things.

687
00:50:36,680 --> 00:50:41,280
You never know where the path
is going to lead you to.

688
00:50:41,280 --> 00:50:43,560
That's fascinating.

689
00:51:17,440 --> 00:51:20,320
"MR NEVINSON": Thursday July 21st.

690
00:51:20,320 --> 00:51:22,800
Went out at 6am.

691
00:51:22,800 --> 00:51:26,840
Walked to Naburn
to meet boats for W's wharf.

692
00:51:26,840 --> 00:51:32,320
Waited there till 12
and walked back home at two.

693
00:51:32,320 --> 00:51:36,560
This is where your
great-grandfather came. Yeah.

694
00:51:36,560 --> 00:51:43,160
Fair old walk to try and beat
the crowds of workers

695
00:51:43,160 --> 00:51:45,720
lined up on the wharves in York.

696
00:51:53,000 --> 00:51:58,160
Friday July 22nd. Up at five. Walked
round and round the town till 12.

697
00:51:58,160 --> 00:52:02,240
Nothing doing anywhere so
I was fairly sick of walking about.

698
00:52:02,240 --> 00:52:08,880
For dinner I had bread and kipper
and a drink of tea. No breakfast. No
tea. No supper. Went to bed at 7.30.

699
00:52:08,880 --> 00:52:13,600
In the meantime, chopped wood that
he'd picked up at the waterside.

700
00:52:13,600 --> 00:52:17,800
Came all the way to Naburn
looking for work. Didn't find any.

701
00:52:17,800 --> 00:52:23,720
Take a bit of wood back home and
chop it up to keep the family warm.

702
00:52:25,120 --> 00:52:30,000
And tea is pretty much
all you're going to get by on.

703
00:52:31,560 --> 00:52:36,160
Is there any pride that
it's your great-grandfather's voice,

704
00:52:36,160 --> 00:52:41,440
his honesty, that led to changes
that we all know? Absolutely. Yeah.

705
00:52:41,440 --> 00:52:47,640
Although he would have no inkling
that that was what was going on.

706
00:52:47,640 --> 00:52:51,600
He was just being truthful
about the way he lived

707
00:52:51,600 --> 00:52:54,560
and the way his family lived.

708
00:52:54,560 --> 00:52:59,840
Um... But extraordinary that,
yeah, it is a part

709
00:52:59,840 --> 00:53:03,520
of the changing shape
of our social history.

710
00:53:20,560 --> 00:53:25,240
Back at the cemetery, the records
show John Thomas, his wife Jane,

711
00:53:25,240 --> 00:53:30,120
their children including daughter
Ivy who only lived to be 23,

712
00:53:30,120 --> 00:53:33,160
are buried in an unmarked grave.

713
00:53:33,160 --> 00:53:35,400
Just here.

714
00:53:35,400 --> 00:53:40,960
There's no headstone. This plot here
is where your great-granddad is.

715
00:53:40,960 --> 00:53:44,920
That's where Ivy is.
That is the Addy family plot.

716
00:53:44,920 --> 00:53:49,400
There it is.
Just a little blank piece of earth.

717
00:53:50,640 --> 00:53:53,760
Empty space.

718
00:53:53,760 --> 00:53:57,720
They bought the plot but didn't have
enough for a headstone.

719
00:53:57,720 --> 00:54:00,360
Well, maybe we can...

720
00:54:01,680 --> 00:54:04,040
..do something about that.

721
00:54:04,040 --> 00:54:06,080
You want to change that?

722
00:54:06,080 --> 00:54:08,600
They'll get a headstone there.

723
00:54:14,360 --> 00:54:17,320
We tracked down more family members

724
00:54:17,320 --> 00:54:21,080
and reunited them
at the old Addy home.

725
00:54:22,720 --> 00:54:28,120
These people are all descendants
of John Thomas Addy.

726
00:54:28,120 --> 00:54:32,600
A former policeman,
a store manager,

727
00:54:32,600 --> 00:54:34,920
kids just starting school.

728
00:54:34,920 --> 00:54:40,680
That is the house that your
ancestors used to live in in 1881.

729
00:54:40,680 --> 00:54:46,440
What does it feel like coming here
to see where your family are from?

730
00:54:46,440 --> 00:54:51,600
Brilliant. When I first heard
about it I had tears in my eyes.

731
00:54:51,600 --> 00:54:54,600
It's fascinating,
absolutely fascinating.

732
00:54:56,240 --> 00:55:00,320
Grandsons, great-grandchildren
and the latest additions -

733
00:55:00,320 --> 00:55:06,000
four generations from the man
who moved through these streets.

734
00:55:06,000 --> 00:55:10,680
You start thinking did they have
the Addy ears and teeth?

735
00:55:10,680 --> 00:55:15,160
They looked at the old house
like it was from a different world.

736
00:55:15,160 --> 00:55:17,280
In some ways, it is.

737
00:55:17,280 --> 00:55:23,240
You just wonder whether
these people were like me,
like David, like Nicky.

738
00:55:23,240 --> 00:55:27,400
The desperate poverty
captured in the diaries has gone.

739
00:55:27,400 --> 00:55:31,000
The story of the Addy family
is one that most of us share.

740
00:55:31,000 --> 00:55:34,840
We are richer
and we have much more opportunity.

741
00:55:34,840 --> 00:55:37,800
Goodness! How they managed. Yeah.

742
00:55:39,880 --> 00:55:42,040
What does the Addy family history

743
00:55:42,040 --> 00:55:46,600
tell us about the history of this
country and working-class people?

744
00:55:46,600 --> 00:55:48,720
I think it says that we...

745
00:55:48,720 --> 00:55:50,760
we are survivors.

746
00:55:50,760 --> 00:55:54,120
That we were able to...

747
00:55:54,120 --> 00:56:01,040
meet any particular thing
that we come up against,

748
00:56:01,040 --> 00:56:06,320
any adversity,
and that we will still manage,

749
00:56:06,320 --> 00:56:11,560
like my grandfather,
to go out and look for work.

750
00:56:11,560 --> 00:56:14,040
Even when he hasn't got it.

751
00:56:15,200 --> 00:56:18,400
And because of that,

752
00:56:18,400 --> 00:56:22,520
we've each generation managed

753
00:56:22,520 --> 00:56:26,640
to move a little bit further
up that staircase.

754
00:56:28,440 --> 00:56:35,280
And we're all so grateful
for the generation before.

755
00:56:35,280 --> 00:56:42,080
It's wonderful to see Addys that
I didn't even know. It's remarkable.

756
00:56:42,080 --> 00:56:45,360
We've all been on a long journey.

757
00:56:45,360 --> 00:56:48,560
Ooh, look at them go!

758
00:56:48,560 --> 00:56:50,600
APPLAUSE

759
00:56:52,640 --> 00:56:57,520
And this family, at least,
can see how far they've travelled.

760
00:56:57,520 --> 00:57:01,600
But this is only half our journey.

761
00:57:01,600 --> 00:57:07,680
Like in 1910, right now,
we are coming out of recession.

762
00:57:07,680 --> 00:57:14,760
Unemployment and poverty haven't
gone away, even from a relatively
prosperous city like York.

763
00:57:14,760 --> 00:57:17,280
Next time, we return to York

764
00:57:17,280 --> 00:57:19,760
and, as Rowntree did a century ago,

765
00:57:19,760 --> 00:57:23,320
look beneath
the surface of this city.

766
00:57:24,320 --> 00:57:26,840
Well, it's Friday morning.

767
00:57:26,840 --> 00:57:30,800
It's been raining
for the third night on the trot.

768
00:57:30,800 --> 00:57:35,760
My tent's, like, completely soaked.
I'm damp.

769
00:57:35,760 --> 00:57:44,840
How can it be that in 2010,
a casual labourer is still living
a hand-to-mouth existence?

770
00:57:46,080 --> 00:57:51,920
And a middle-aged man
will go to any lengths
to fight for his lost job?

771
00:57:51,920 --> 00:57:55,040
It's our job. You know it's our job!

772
00:57:55,040 --> 00:58:00,400
I don't know a better word
than scab. We can't say it
cos it's hurtful.

773
00:58:00,400 --> 00:58:05,960
It should be bloody hurtful. They
should find it difficult to sleep.

774
00:58:05,960 --> 00:58:11,120
And the desperate and the jobless
are still living on hand-outs.

775
00:58:11,120 --> 00:58:16,720
You like ham, don't you?
Anyone for baked beans? Please.

776
00:58:16,720 --> 00:58:19,760
People like you 100 years ago
were the last rung.

777
00:58:19,760 --> 00:58:25,600
How do you feel that you're still
providing that kind of safety net?

778
00:58:25,600 --> 00:58:27,840
Sad. Gob-smacked but sad.

779
00:58:27,840 --> 00:58:30,360
If Rowntree came back now,

780
00:58:30,360 --> 00:58:36,000
what would he make of the people
we find and the stories they tell?

781
00:58:57,960 --> 00:59:01,080
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