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This is the crew of Apollo 17...

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..five hours after lift-off -

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the Earth already far behind.

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You're loud and clear, Bob,

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and could you give us our distance
from the Earth?

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Roger, I'd guess
about 19,000 miles,

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but let me get it exact.

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I guess approximate is good enough.

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Harrison Schmitt is bound for the
moon.

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We were moving at 25,000 miles an
hour.

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So, things got smaller very fast.

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He knows he has a unique
opportunity.

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The Apollo 17 landing site
determined that we would see a

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nearly full
Earth nearly soon after launch.

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Look at that!

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Yeah, Madagascar, in Africa.

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Hey, there's Antarctica, full of
snow.

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OK, you want to look?

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Schmidt is the only astronaut ever
to photograph the entire Earth.

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His image became an icon.

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The blue marble.

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A human being took a picture that
then everybody on the planet,

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once they saw it, could identify
with.

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Well, there's home up there in the
sky!

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I tell you, if there ever was a
fragile appearing piece of blue

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in space, it's the Earth right now.

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That's great.

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45 years later, our home planet has
been transformed.

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Today, the International Space
Station circles the Earth,

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250 miles up.

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A new generation of astronauts has
a grandstand view.

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'I was born in 1972.

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'The year that the last man walked
on the moon in the Apollo 17.'

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In 45 years, the human population
has doubled to 7.4 billion.

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Astronauts and satellites have a
story to tell

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of startling change on planet Earth.

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Food production has tripled, making
strange and beautiful forms.

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There's people making these
perfectly shaped circles down on

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Earth, to survive.

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We are generating twice as much
power to heat and light the world.

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If it wasn't for that place down
there,

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I wouldn't be up here in space,
looking down at it.

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It's like, "Wow!"

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Cities appear as if by magic.

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Mysteries shimmer in the sun.

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From space, it captures our
attention and imagination.

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We are reshaping the planet for
better,

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and for worse.

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In the Amazon, forest gives away to
fields.

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In Central Asia, an inland sea runs
dry.

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This is our home, but is not our
planet.

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We don't own it.

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The future owns it.

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Astronauts are watching as we make
our mark on Earth.

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There's humans down there.

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I'm human, this is a good thing.

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It's the story of human progress,
from a unique perspective.

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It is just beautiful.

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This is how we change the world.

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Then look down,

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to see what we have done.

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RADIO IN BACKGROUND

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For astronauts, the most obvious
change in our planet can be seen

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from any window.

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As the population grows,

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our cities spin a web of light
across the globe.

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From the first time I flew, which
was 2002, to the last time,

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which was 2012 - the main effect I
saw on Earth was at night-time,

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and it was the extent of lighting.

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Any city of ten million is a
mega city.

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But an astronaut's camera swallows
it whole.

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We love taking pictures of cities to
the point where you can pick out the

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city when you just see the photo
very quickly.

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The biggest megacities are Tokyo,

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Delhi, and Shanghai.

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Next in line are Mumbai,

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Sao Paulo,

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and the Chinese capital, Beijing.

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To see these glowing cities,
kind of, popping out of you

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at night is really pretty
incredible. For me,

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it opened up this whole new view of
looking at places like China.

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China has ten of the 20
fastest-growing megacities on Earth.

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Since 1990, Chongqing has gone from
four million to 40 million people.

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In Shanghai, it's eight million to
24 million.

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And down south, next door to Hong
Kong,

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there's a whole new megacity

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and it's grown from the most humble
beginnings.

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The change that has happened there,
it's incredible.

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It almost doesn't seem real.

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30 years ago, there was a village
called Baishizhou.

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There was a baby boy and his name
was Jet Cui.

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The boy grew up fast,
but the village grew faster.

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And the streets of Baishizhou became
a labyrinth.

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Baishizhou is a lot of things -
a lot of people, a lot of stuff,

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just packed, you know, into a really
tiny space.

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Soon, it was hard to tell where one
village ended

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and the next one began.

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The streets were so narrow that
neighbours

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could shake hands across the gap.

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If you get a stranger in there,

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I bet he will never get out from
Baishizhou.

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You have to, like, turn 20 times to
get there.

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It's really easy to get lost.

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There is no village on Earth like
Baishizhou.

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In less than 40 years, a megacity
of 11 million has grown around it.

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Its name is Shenzhen.

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You can imagine all of these people
bustling around that area.

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But it's like the mute button is on.

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It's a very surreal thing.

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It gets you thinking about what
all those people doing down there.

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Jet Cui still hangs out with
the boys from the old village.

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They are the same age as the new
city

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and their eyes are on the future.

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Electronics, my business is
in electronics industry.

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Because of basketball, right?

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My favourite player is Michael
Jordan and he said something like,

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"Just do it."

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But I thought it was, "Just do IT."

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So, I must do IT, then.

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Jet's generation is surfing the wave

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of IT electronics
and communications.

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The city's vast market has
a mind-boggling array

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of hi-tech products.

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Shenzhen is really, like,
high efficiency.

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It's pretty international as well.

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Shenzhen had a DNA of...

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of starting up something.

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There's a lot of giant enterprise
started from here.

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Shenzhen's home to the world's
biggest drone company.

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And it's estimated to make one
quarter of all smartphones

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sold on Earth.

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Electronics make the city a blaze of
colour.

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When you look at the city at night,
you can see the colour has changed.

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There are now many different
colours.

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Western cities glow orange from
sodium streetlights.

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Asian cities have a green tinge
of mercury.

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But Shenzhen is a colour shifting
chameleon.

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You can see bright colours of pinks
and blues and these are coming from

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the LED billboards
and other LED lighting

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that's coming out in cities.

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You just feel like you're looking at
a place that's alive.

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Jet Cui's generation has moved on
from the village.

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They work in hi-tech business
parks and live in high-rise condos.

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The reason I moved here is I'm 30
now, so I'm looking for

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a space better maybe for my future
family.

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These are the children of the
megacity age,

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but they haven't forgotten
their roots.

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Baishizhou is special for us,
because we grew up there.

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We have been through a lot together,

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we spent a lot of time together and
we know each other.

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We are brothers to each other.

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Shenzhen is a sign of things to
come.

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By 2056, there will be ten billion
people on Earth.

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We'll need more megacities,
more power,

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more food, more everything.

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Our planet will have to provide it.

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In the last 45 years,
the human population has doubled.

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As we multiply, the Earth glitters
with the light of new cities.

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But astronauts also see the price
we pay for progress.

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To see how fragile our atmosphere is

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makes you very aware that we have to
be responsible

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about how we do things
on planet Earth.

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We are changing the planet

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in ways that other species of
animals haven't done before us.

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Satellites see
huge long-term changes.

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Central Asia's Aral Sea has shrunk
dramatically since the '60s.

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00:12:40,040 --> 00:12:43,680
Since 1980...

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00:12:48,480 --> 00:12:51,920
..Alaska's Columbia Glacier
has halved in volume.

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In South America,
Bolivia's Lake Poopo

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has dried up almost completely.

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All three have been put down
to man-made causes.

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We do not want to foul our nest
to the point

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where we can no longer live
in the places we want to.

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The view from space gives us a vital
way to understand changes on Earth.

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INCOMPREHENSIBLE SPEECH
Go ahead, Luca.

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Astronauts see things the rest of us
can only dream of.

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I do have this very complete
memory of my first spacewalk.

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OVER RADIO: Luca, ready for motion?

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OVER RADIO: Ready for motion,
go ahead.

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'While we were over the
Atlantic Ocean,'

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the sun came out.

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DRAMATIC MUSIC

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A sunrise while you're outside
on a space walk

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with nothing to do but just
observe and let it all sink in.

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The blue of the ocean, that super
deep blue, came up all at once.

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And then, it transformed into the
terracotta colour of Africa

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and it extends and it turns
into green,

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and you're looking
at the Forest of Africa.

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And then, the majesty
of Mount Kilimanjaro,

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climbing over everything else
that was covered in clouds.

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00:14:39,800 --> 00:14:40,080
Just the eye of
the volcano coming out,

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00:14:40,080 --> 00:14:42,720
and it looked like an eye, even the
shape of the clouds around it,

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and I took a picture of it,

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and it looked almost like staring
at a dinosaur, a living thing.

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It just takes your breath away.

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00:14:54,840 --> 00:14:56,600
It literally takes your breath away.

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00:15:09,360 --> 00:15:14,240
Mount Kilimanjaro is the great icon
of the African continent.

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00:15:14,240 --> 00:15:15,880
From Tanzanian forest,

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00:15:15,880 --> 00:15:20,360
the dormant volcano climbs
19,000 feet to a frozen peak.

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00:15:22,080 --> 00:15:25,200
Ultramarathon runner Simon Mtuy

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00:15:25,200 --> 00:15:27,680
has lived his entire life
in the foothills.

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00:15:27,680 --> 00:15:30,880
He's climbed to the top nearly
500 times.

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00:15:32,360 --> 00:15:35,800
You're feeling every twist of the
stones that you're stepping on.

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00:15:35,800 --> 00:15:37,560
You're more aware of your sound.

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00:15:37,560 --> 00:15:39,640
You're more aware of your breathing,

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00:15:39,640 --> 00:15:42,640
so you're on this zone, zooming.

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00:15:44,160 --> 00:15:48,760
In 2006, Simon ran to the top
and back unaided

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00:15:48,760 --> 00:15:51,800
in 9 hours, 21 minutes -

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00:15:51,800 --> 00:15:53,400
a record that still stands.

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00:15:57,320 --> 00:15:59,360
But the glaciers at the summit,

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00:15:59,360 --> 00:16:02,160
the celebrated snows of Kilimanjaro,

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00:16:02,160 --> 00:16:03,400
are shrinking.

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00:16:06,160 --> 00:16:11,760
Some of them used to be very huge,
maybe 20 metres high.

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00:16:11,760 --> 00:16:14,840
I've seen it at five metre,
can I tell the difference?

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00:16:14,840 --> 00:16:16,560
Of course I can tell the difference.

216
00:16:20,960 --> 00:16:24,480
From space, the loss of ice is
obvious.

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00:16:25,840 --> 00:16:30,560
Since 1976, more than half
has disappeared.

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00:16:30,560 --> 00:16:34,040
The problem has been blamed
on global warming.

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00:16:35,240 --> 00:16:39,280
Kilimanjaro's foothills
are in prolonged drought.

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00:16:42,360 --> 00:16:44,920
When I remember my childhood,

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00:16:44,920 --> 00:16:45,160
there were so many places I couldn't
go because there was a huge river.

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00:16:45,160 --> 00:16:49,320
Now, you can almost cover the whole
entire mountain

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00:16:52,080 --> 00:16:54,000
without getting your shoes wet.

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00:16:55,400 --> 00:17:01,360
In fact, Kilimanjaro's problem
may be more local than global.

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00:17:02,400 --> 00:17:06,000
And the evidence comes from space.

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00:17:06,000 --> 00:17:09,080
The mountain stands on an island of
trees.

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00:17:10,240 --> 00:17:13,400
When you look at Kilimanjaro from
space,

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00:17:13,400 --> 00:17:17,640
you see it is surrounded
by what looks like desert.

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00:17:17,640 --> 00:17:21,840
It's brown, and then it changes
going up the side,

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00:17:21,840 --> 00:17:23,640
and it becomes green.

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00:17:23,640 --> 00:17:26,160
And then, it changes again
back to brown

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00:17:26,160 --> 00:17:28,280
when you get above the timber line.

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00:17:28,280 --> 00:17:32,800
These rectangles mean the forest is
being destroyed...

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00:17:32,800 --> 00:17:32,840
by us.

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00:17:33,000 --> 00:17:33,960
People need fields for crops and
wood for fuel and materials.

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00:17:43,160 --> 00:17:46,280
But trees pump water back
into the atmosphere.

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00:17:47,440 --> 00:17:49,600
So when we cut down the trees,

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00:17:49,600 --> 00:17:52,920
we turn off the taps
that water the glaciers.

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00:17:54,280 --> 00:17:56,560
In the last 70 years,

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00:17:56,560 --> 00:18:00,840
Kilimanjaro has lost
one third of its forest.

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00:18:00,840 --> 00:18:04,240
We can't just take
and take and take.

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00:18:04,240 --> 00:18:07,080
This selfishness
of taking, taking, taking.

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00:18:10,440 --> 00:18:16,440
In this satellite image,
red dots highlight individual fires.

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00:18:16,440 --> 00:18:20,640
They make a blanket of smoke
the breadth of Africa.

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00:18:20,640 --> 00:18:23,840
It's just man destroying
pristine forest

246
00:18:23,840 --> 00:18:25,560
to make space for cultivation.

247
00:18:27,080 --> 00:18:33,080
You cannot help but being saddened
by the sight of these huge fires.

248
00:18:33,080 --> 00:18:35,320
At some point, we must say,

249
00:18:35,320 --> 00:18:38,000
"It's enough. The world needs to
heal."

250
00:18:39,520 --> 00:18:41,320
In South America,

251
00:18:41,320 --> 00:18:44,120
the rainforest puts more water into
the atmosphere

252
00:18:44,120 --> 00:18:46,160
than the Amazon puts into the ocean.

253
00:18:49,200 --> 00:18:52,800
But these patterns
are made by logging.

254
00:18:52,800 --> 00:18:54,280
In just 40 years,

255
00:18:54,280 --> 00:18:56,960
one fifth of the
trees has gone.

256
00:19:00,480 --> 00:19:05,760
On Kilimanjaro, one man is showing
the world the way ahead.

257
00:19:05,760 --> 00:19:05,920
A man of faith and biological
science.

258
00:19:06,240 --> 00:19:09,480
His name is Bishop Frederick Shoo,
but they call him the Tree Bishop.

259
00:19:17,800 --> 00:19:20,760
THEY SING

260
00:19:37,680 --> 00:19:41,560
When I plant trees, I feel great.

261
00:19:41,560 --> 00:19:43,760
I feel happy.

262
00:19:43,760 --> 00:19:50,760
I really feel like I'm contributing
something to the protection of life.

263
00:19:58,960 --> 00:20:03,400
The bishop's diocese
is 360,000 strong,

264
00:20:03,400 --> 00:20:08,000
and these many hands can move
mountains.

265
00:20:08,000 --> 00:20:10,280
It's about the future of our planet.

266
00:20:10,280 --> 00:20:12,160
It's about the future
of our children.

267
00:20:14,920 --> 00:20:19,440
By the bishop's estimate,
they've planted 3 million trees.

268
00:20:24,280 --> 00:20:27,280
We have seen some streams
coming back.

269
00:20:28,600 --> 00:20:30,680
It is very, very important.

270
00:20:30,680 --> 00:20:30,800
It is an ongoing project.

271
00:20:30,920 --> 00:20:33,120
I do believe there's a future.

272
00:20:37,680 --> 00:20:39,240
I've climbed the mountain.

273
00:20:39,240 --> 00:20:42,680
I've climbed the highest peak
of Africa.

274
00:20:42,680 --> 00:20:47,120
Kilimanjaro, a mountain of ours,
a mountain of greatness,

275
00:20:47,120 --> 00:20:51,320
the mountain of everything, of the
waters, the forest and everything.

276
00:20:55,560 --> 00:21:01,280
We have to be smart about how we
change our environment,

277
00:21:01,280 --> 00:21:05,080
so that we can continue to thrive.

278
00:21:05,080 --> 00:21:08,280
Over time, we take
those lessons into account,

279
00:21:08,280 --> 00:21:11,120
as we figure out how we'll
farm in new places,

280
00:21:11,120 --> 00:21:16,040
or how we'll generate our power and
our energy to live here on Earth.

281
00:21:19,560 --> 00:21:24,960
In 2014, astronauts photographed
these mystery flashes

282
00:21:24,960 --> 00:21:27,320
in the American wilderness.

283
00:21:27,320 --> 00:21:29,080
These things catch your eye.

284
00:21:29,080 --> 00:21:30,560
I mean, it makes you...

285
00:21:30,560 --> 00:21:31,720
It makes you look at it.

286
00:21:33,000 --> 00:21:36,760
You almost innately know that
that is not a natural thing.

287
00:21:38,440 --> 00:21:42,080
This is an energy source
for the future.

288
00:21:42,080 --> 00:21:44,400
And it comes from outer space.

289
00:21:56,380 --> 00:22:00,020
There are 7.4 billion people on
planet Earth.

290
00:22:01,740 --> 00:22:05,660
1.2 billion have no access to
electricity.

291
00:22:07,020 --> 00:22:11,380
But astronauts see us finding
new ways to light the world.

292
00:22:13,500 --> 00:22:15,780
Lighting at night-time

293
00:22:15,780 --> 00:22:19,100
is a signature to the expansion of
human beings on

294
00:22:19,100 --> 00:22:20,220
the surface of Earth.

295
00:22:21,620 --> 00:22:22,940
Before lighting,

296
00:22:22,940 --> 00:22:26,020
you could barely read a book at
night-time by candlelight.

297
00:22:27,620 --> 00:22:30,660
It effectively extends our lifetime.

298
00:22:32,220 --> 00:22:35,740
There's one city that will take all
the light it can get.

299
00:22:37,660 --> 00:22:41,220
I like to refer to Las Vegas,

300
00:22:41,220 --> 00:22:44,580
tongue-in-cheek, as the beacon of
humanity

301
00:22:44,580 --> 00:22:48,020
and I don't know if it's the
brightest city on Earth,

302
00:22:48,020 --> 00:22:50,300
but it is really, really bright.

303
00:22:53,220 --> 00:22:55,660
They built this city on electric
power.

304
00:22:58,500 --> 00:23:03,460
Las Vegas, Nevada is legendary for
its casinos, hotels

305
00:23:03,460 --> 00:23:05,180
and no-holds-barred entertainment.

306
00:23:07,260 --> 00:23:09,940
The space beam from the Luxor Hotel

307
00:23:09,940 --> 00:23:11,860
has 42-billion candlepower.

308
00:23:13,460 --> 00:23:17,300
An unmissable signal from the heart
of the Mojave Desert.

309
00:23:20,060 --> 00:23:24,540
Las Vegas is so striking from space
because it's surrounded by darkness,

310
00:23:24,540 --> 00:23:28,060
but in the wild American West,

311
00:23:28,060 --> 00:23:32,100
there's still plenty of places for
darkness to hideout.

312
00:23:33,860 --> 00:23:37,940
The lights of Vegas were switched on
by a wonder of engineering.

313
00:23:47,540 --> 00:23:49,660
The Hoover Dam created Lake Mead...

314
00:23:51,660 --> 00:23:54,500
..and a vast new source of
hydroelectric power.

315
00:23:58,220 --> 00:24:00,660
In the '80s, Sin City boomed.

316
00:24:02,700 --> 00:24:05,820
Satellites watched it grow by
15% a year.

317
00:24:10,220 --> 00:24:12,900
But the population was draining the
lake.

318
00:24:16,500 --> 00:24:19,700
Today, there are rings around the
bathtub

319
00:24:19,700 --> 00:24:23,980
and the dam alone can't
produce enough power.

320
00:24:23,980 --> 00:24:28,540
In the rest of North America,
fossil fuel is king.

321
00:24:28,540 --> 00:24:32,660
But crude oil extraction is
stripping Canadian forests.

322
00:24:36,100 --> 00:24:39,780
In Wyoming, coal mines are eating
away the landscape.

323
00:24:41,460 --> 00:24:44,820
And burning these fuels
drives global warming

324
00:24:44,820 --> 00:24:47,020
to evermore dangerous levels.

325
00:24:50,500 --> 00:24:55,140
As human beings,
that's part of how we live here.

326
00:24:55,140 --> 00:24:58,740
We need new ways of balancing that
with the planet that we live on.

327
00:25:04,220 --> 00:25:07,940
Nevada is blazing a new trail in its
quest for electricity.

328
00:25:10,860 --> 00:25:13,700
In these vast empty spaces,

329
00:25:13,700 --> 00:25:15,740
the energy they need can grow...

330
00:25:16,860 --> 00:25:17,860
..and grow.

331
00:25:26,180 --> 00:25:28,580
It looks like the first base on
Mars.

332
00:25:30,540 --> 00:25:33,460
Welcome to Nevada Solar One.

333
00:25:36,060 --> 00:25:38,820
Half a square mile of pristine
power.

334
00:25:40,980 --> 00:25:44,500
There is a free energy source that
is pouring down on us

335
00:25:44,500 --> 00:25:45,940
every single day

336
00:25:45,940 --> 00:25:48,020
and once we've collected it, we can
put it on the grid.

337
00:25:49,740 --> 00:25:54,820
Tim Kanjorski is a transmissions
expert in the Nevada power industry.

338
00:25:56,020 --> 00:25:59,940
It's hard for people, for humans,
to live here in the desert,

339
00:25:59,940 --> 00:26:05,820
because the desert environment is
not hospitable to our kind of life.

340
00:26:07,780 --> 00:26:11,340
So to make it habitable, we have to
get our power, electricity,

341
00:26:11,340 --> 00:26:12,460
to where we're at.

342
00:26:13,620 --> 00:26:16,700
My job is to make sure that when we
flip a light switch,

343
00:26:16,700 --> 00:26:18,100
a light comes on.

344
00:26:19,700 --> 00:26:24,020
Focused by mirrors, sunlight turns
water to steam,

345
00:26:24,020 --> 00:26:26,380
to drive Solar One's turbines.

346
00:26:28,940 --> 00:26:34,180
It is using our heads to provide
power to thousands of homes without

347
00:26:34,180 --> 00:26:36,380
having to burn a single drop of
fossil fuel.

348
00:26:37,820 --> 00:26:39,340
The downside is

349
00:26:39,340 --> 00:26:44,660
that it would take eight Solar Ones

350
00:26:44,660 --> 00:26:48,900
But the Mojave Desert has plenty of
sun and plenty of room.

351
00:26:50,980 --> 00:26:55,300
Its solar power plants are visible
from space.

352
00:26:55,300 --> 00:26:58,380
When you pull the camera out and you
look a little bit closer and you see
that -

353
00:26:58,380 --> 00:27:03,340
"Wow! Down there on Earth, we are
working very hard to shift

354
00:27:03,340 --> 00:27:05,540
"the way we are generating our
electricity,

355
00:27:05,540 --> 00:27:07,540
"so that we can continue
to survive here."

356
00:27:08,980 --> 00:27:11,580
Solar power is lighting the world.

357
00:27:12,700 --> 00:27:13,900
From Spain...

358
00:27:15,900 --> 00:27:16,980
..to Morocco...

359
00:27:19,340 --> 00:27:20,780
..to South Africa.

360
00:27:26,140 --> 00:27:28,780
For Tim Kanjorski, plants like these

361
00:27:28,780 --> 00:27:32,540
are the Hoover Dams of the
21st century.

362
00:27:32,540 --> 00:27:35,780
It's humbling. It's as if I'm
standing on the backs of giants.

363
00:27:44,380 --> 00:27:46,740
The space beam still burns brightly.

364
00:27:50,780 --> 00:27:55,260
And Tim has come to see a special
Vegas appearance.

365
00:27:55,260 --> 00:27:57,540
He's also an amateur astronomer.

366
00:28:06,700 --> 00:28:07,780
Do you see that?

367
00:28:08,820 --> 00:28:11,540
It's the
International Space Station,

368
00:28:11,540 --> 00:28:13,620
moving at five miles a second.

369
00:28:15,020 --> 00:28:16,260
I see you.

370
00:28:26,500 --> 00:28:28,260
The dark side of the Earth...

371
00:28:29,420 --> 00:28:30,580
..is never dark.

372
00:28:33,060 --> 00:28:34,980
We are making it our own.

373
00:28:37,740 --> 00:28:40,340
From space, it's beautiful.

374
00:28:42,500 --> 00:28:47,660
It's almost as if you have a direct
visual proof that

375
00:28:47,660 --> 00:28:51,940
yes, I come from that planet and my
people, my species is down there,

376
00:28:51,940 --> 00:28:53,980
and we are all together.

377
00:28:56,340 --> 00:29:01,100
It felt like there was this neural
net of communication,

378
00:29:01,100 --> 00:29:05,500
as if people and what we do... Our
thoughts crossing this big brain.

379
00:29:06,780 --> 00:29:09,700
We are more connected than we think
we are.

380
00:29:13,940 --> 00:29:19,060
There's a very human thing to
looking out the window at Earth

381
00:29:19,060 --> 00:29:21,180
and I think that's why we put humans
in space.

382
00:29:23,740 --> 00:29:27,620
In daylight, it's man-made shapes
that catch the eye.

383
00:29:29,060 --> 00:29:31,260
You start to focus in on the
details.

384
00:29:32,740 --> 00:29:36,020
Sometimes, you would be struck by
things that you hadn't appreciated

385
00:29:36,020 --> 00:29:37,220
were even there.

386
00:29:39,620 --> 00:29:43,780
On the coast of Mexico, strange blue
rectangles come and go.

387
00:29:45,700 --> 00:29:49,780
They're prawn farms, to meet global
supermarket demand.

388
00:29:53,820 --> 00:29:59,020
In the southern hemisphere, a vast
Australian irrigation project,

389
00:29:59,020 --> 00:30:01,620
so that cotton fields can bloom in
the wilderness.

390
00:30:07,140 --> 00:30:12,500
There is the ingenuity of man that's
working to make order out
of disorder.

391
00:30:13,860 --> 00:30:17,380
The Arabian desert has a striking
mystery.

392
00:30:17,380 --> 00:30:21,340
Alien shapes marching across the
sands.

393
00:30:21,340 --> 00:30:24,940
They look like pixels from a
video game,

394
00:30:24,940 --> 00:30:26,060
you know - Space Invaders.

395
00:30:27,300 --> 00:30:29,220
Everybody wants to get pictures
of them

396
00:30:29,220 --> 00:30:31,740
because it's like a piece of art.

397
00:30:31,740 --> 00:30:34,860
These circles of colour seem to come
out of nowhere.

398
00:30:48,100 --> 00:30:51,140
This is Jordan, one of the driest
countries on Earth.

399
00:30:57,620 --> 00:31:01,380
Wadi Rum is a desert
outpost of sandstone and granite.

400
00:31:04,620 --> 00:31:09,580
15 years ago, Sijal Majali came here
to attempt the impossible.

401
00:31:13,340 --> 00:31:14,820
It's called desert.

402
00:31:14,820 --> 00:31:16,300
I mean, look around you.

403
00:31:16,300 --> 00:31:18,460
It's all dry. Dry sand.

404
00:31:21,140 --> 00:31:26,540
It rains once or twice a year in
this part of the country.

405
00:31:32,140 --> 00:31:34,260
Sijal managers Rum Farm...

406
00:31:37,020 --> 00:31:41,380
..a masterpiece of geometry for
efficient use of precious water.

407
00:31:47,500 --> 00:31:49,660
It's really hard land to cultivate.

408
00:31:49,660 --> 00:31:51,220
Lots of evaporation.

409
00:31:51,220 --> 00:31:55,220
So we have to think of the best
techniques for irrigating.

410
00:31:59,820 --> 00:32:02,700
Sijal has liquid gold in the cellar.

411
00:32:04,540 --> 00:32:07,540
Beneath the desert, there's an
aquifer,

412
00:32:07,540 --> 00:32:10,900
60 trillion gallons of water in
natural storage.

413
00:32:12,860 --> 00:32:18,100
It's so interesting to look at the
choice of geometric design,

414
00:32:18,100 --> 00:32:19,500
to make it work.

415
00:32:19,500 --> 00:32:21,580
Because the water transportation,

416
00:32:21,580 --> 00:32:24,180
the irrigation system, requires them
to do that.

417
00:32:26,180 --> 00:32:27,900
Pivoting at the wells,

418
00:32:27,900 --> 00:32:31,020
the irrigation arms sweep out
perfect circles.

419
00:32:32,300 --> 00:32:36,260
If there's a slice of rocky ground,
they just avoid it.

420
00:32:36,260 --> 00:32:38,380
Sometimes you have a circular
pattern

421
00:32:38,380 --> 00:32:40,940
and it's only three quarters of the
circle,

422
00:32:40,940 --> 00:32:44,300
so they almost look like PAC-MAN has
invaded Earth

423
00:32:44,300 --> 00:32:47,980
and there'll be another circular
pattern right next to it

424
00:32:47,980 --> 00:32:50,780
and it looks like they're eating
each other in the classic game.

425
00:32:52,540 --> 00:32:56,860
It just reminds me that human
beings are down there and they're
raising food.

426
00:32:59,940 --> 00:33:01,820
Sijal grows potatoes,

427
00:33:01,820 --> 00:33:07,780
onions and other staple crops, but
these are the green shoots of
early spring.

428
00:33:07,780 --> 00:33:10,140
Sijal has anxious weeks ahead.

429
00:33:11,900 --> 00:33:13,740
In agriculture,

430
00:33:13,740 --> 00:33:14,980
God is your partner.

431
00:33:16,700 --> 00:33:19,900
We might get frost in the coming
two or three weeks.

432
00:33:19,900 --> 00:33:23,700
If we get frost, we really lose a
lot of our production.

433
00:33:26,260 --> 00:33:29,940
From year to year, the satellite
looks on,

434
00:33:29,940 --> 00:33:32,700
as Sijal's fortunes wax and wane.

435
00:33:35,220 --> 00:33:40,900
In a good year, this one farm feeds
a fifth of Jordan's people.

436
00:33:40,900 --> 00:33:44,700
It makes me proud that Jordanians
are eating our potatoes.

437
00:33:44,700 --> 00:33:44,940
And we're keeping even the prices
down,

438
00:33:44,940 --> 00:33:46,500
because they're not importing
potatoes,

439
00:33:49,420 --> 00:33:54,140
which is much more expensive and the
quality is much better over here.

440
00:33:55,580 --> 00:33:59,700
The aquifer provides drinking water
for Jordan

441
00:33:59,700 --> 00:34:01,260
and Saudi Arabia.

442
00:34:02,420 --> 00:34:05,660
Agriculture in both countries
depends on it.

443
00:34:05,660 --> 00:34:07,380
But it is not renewable.

444
00:34:08,900 --> 00:34:13,260
One estimate says the wells will run
dry within 50 years.

445
00:34:14,620 --> 00:34:19,220
I hope this project stays the way it
is,

446
00:34:19,220 --> 00:34:22,740
because it's feeding too many mouths
at the moment.

447
00:34:22,740 --> 00:34:25,620
And many people depend on our
produce.

448
00:34:27,380 --> 00:34:31,460
This is agriculture at its most
extreme.

449
00:34:31,460 --> 00:34:35,820
Sijal is growing vegetables in a
moonscape.

450
00:34:35,820 --> 00:34:39,620
You cannot deny that this is the
expansion of human beings.

451
00:34:39,620 --> 00:34:44,660
That's human beings making food so
that you can live.

452
00:34:49,220 --> 00:34:52,460
The fact that astronauts can see

453
00:34:52,460 --> 00:34:56,380
this particular farm from space
is really amazing.

454
00:34:57,740 --> 00:34:59,340
I wish I were a little bit younger.

455
00:34:59,340 --> 00:35:02,100
I would have gone up to space and
took a view.

456
00:35:04,740 --> 00:35:09,620
We are used to think of deserts
as empty places or dead places.

457
00:35:11,140 --> 00:35:13,140
When humans get their way,

458
00:35:13,140 --> 00:35:16,580
they can become completely
different.

459
00:35:16,580 --> 00:35:17,940
Deserts are living.

460
00:35:19,500 --> 00:35:22,300
If we can make a living desert,

461
00:35:22,300 --> 00:35:25,220
we can make a living anywhere.

462
00:35:25,220 --> 00:35:30,020
Looking at Earth from space gives us
this opportunity to see that as
human beings,

463
00:35:30,020 --> 00:35:33,540
we adapt and we find our home.

464
00:35:35,180 --> 00:35:39,300
We are moving into the barren
reaches of every landmass on Earth.

465
00:35:40,700 --> 00:35:43,020
But astronauts see danger.

466
00:35:43,020 --> 00:35:45,660
And it comes from the ocean.

467
00:36:01,230 --> 00:36:06,670
But 40% of us still live
within 60 miles of the ocean.

468
00:36:06,670 --> 00:36:09,430
As a human species,
we've emerged from the water,

469
00:36:09,430 --> 00:36:12,990
which is a source of food and a
source of commerce and travel.

470
00:36:12,990 --> 00:36:16,630
So wherever there's a coastline,
you will find habitation.

471
00:36:20,790 --> 00:36:23,390
Satellites see cities growing
on every shore.

472
00:36:24,670 --> 00:36:28,910
Pearl City, Kuwait
is an earthly work of art.

473
00:36:31,790 --> 00:36:36,750
South Korea's Songdo was built
from scratch in just ten years.

474
00:36:42,190 --> 00:36:46,670
In its second century, Brisbane,
Australia is still growing.

475
00:36:53,430 --> 00:36:57,950
In Mexico, Playa del Carmen
is a tropical boom town.

476
00:37:02,430 --> 00:37:06,670
And there's one place
even astronauts can't resist.

477
00:37:12,230 --> 00:37:14,030
Well I grew up in Florida

478
00:37:14,030 --> 00:37:16,950
so I wanted to see Florida
from space,

479
00:37:16,950 --> 00:37:20,350
and it has a very unique
shape to it.

480
00:37:21,590 --> 00:37:23,630
It just stands right out.

481
00:37:26,430 --> 00:37:31,870
You can see these, just translucent
blues and turquoises of the water

482
00:37:31,870 --> 00:37:33,990
around the whole state.

483
00:37:33,990 --> 00:37:36,070
You want to go there.

484
00:37:36,070 --> 00:37:38,710
I mean, it just invites you
to be there.

485
00:37:40,270 --> 00:37:41,990
Living on a beach is like a dream.

486
00:37:43,990 --> 00:37:47,750
This is Matanzas on Florida's
Atlantic Coast.

487
00:37:50,910 --> 00:37:52,630
In 1990,

488
00:37:52,630 --> 00:37:55,990
Joni and Jerry came down
from New York

489
00:37:55,990 --> 00:37:59,590
to start a new restaurant,
and a new life.

490
00:38:03,070 --> 00:38:04,630
There were barely any houses.

491
00:38:04,630 --> 00:38:07,310
There were a few old beach houses on
the ocean front,

492
00:38:07,310 --> 00:38:09,430
and that was about it.

493
00:38:09,430 --> 00:38:12,750
The first few years there,
we couldn't afford a house

494
00:38:12,750 --> 00:38:16,910
and we actually raised our
three kids in the restaurant.

495
00:38:19,830 --> 00:38:23,030
As the neighbourhood took off,
so did the business.

496
00:38:23,030 --> 00:38:24,990
The area has just boomed.

497
00:38:24,990 --> 00:38:28,710
It's just been a huge growth spurt.

498
00:38:30,110 --> 00:38:33,550
My staff knew nearly
every customer by name.

499
00:38:36,790 --> 00:38:40,590
As somebody walked in, the chorus
would start in, "Hello, George!"

500
00:38:40,590 --> 00:38:44,110
or "Hello, Dave",
so it was always like that.

501
00:38:45,870 --> 00:38:47,750
Life on the beach was good.

502
00:38:55,430 --> 00:38:59,190
But in Florida,
the ocean can take it all away.

503
00:39:01,630 --> 00:39:04,590
This time, the bull's-eye
was on the roof, I guess.

504
00:39:07,190 --> 00:39:09,710
In October 2016,

505
00:39:09,710 --> 00:39:14,550
International Space Station
cameras watched events unfold.

506
00:39:16,670 --> 00:39:20,910
You see this big white structure
that almost looks like its own ship

507
00:39:20,910 --> 00:39:23,550
moving, you know,
moving across the planet.

508
00:39:27,390 --> 00:39:31,990
From space, it looks, like,
billowy and white.

509
00:39:31,990 --> 00:39:33,590
It looks beautiful.

510
00:39:34,910 --> 00:39:37,310
It almost looks peaceful.

511
00:39:37,310 --> 00:39:38,910
We begin with breaking news.

512
00:39:38,910 --> 00:39:42,590
Hurricane Matthew bearing down on
Florida and sending ripples of fear

513
00:39:42,590 --> 00:39:44,150
all along the southeast coast.

514
00:39:46,750 --> 00:39:49,710
Evacuate, evacuate, evacuate.

515
00:39:54,030 --> 00:39:57,550
It's almost eerie
because you don't hear any noise,

516
00:39:57,550 --> 00:40:00,150
because you're far away
and you're isolated.

517
00:40:19,710 --> 00:40:23,230
The hurricane drove
a wall of water over the coast.

518
00:40:27,670 --> 00:40:31,470
It's so quiet from up there,
it almost seems more ominous.

519
00:40:39,150 --> 00:40:41,110
On the day after,

520
00:40:41,110 --> 00:40:44,390
Jerry and Joni came back
to Matanzas.

521
00:40:46,910 --> 00:40:50,030
We had this water surge,
with a five foot wave

522
00:40:50,030 --> 00:40:52,750
blowing out the whole
north side of our building.

523
00:40:52,750 --> 00:40:57,630
We drove a mile south and we saw
half the deck down the road,

524
00:40:57,630 --> 00:40:59,070
about a mile from here.

525
00:41:00,270 --> 00:41:04,270
The water threw a walk-in
refrigerator across the car park.

526
00:41:05,710 --> 00:41:08,630
Everything in the restaurant
was destroyed.

527
00:41:11,310 --> 00:41:15,030
Chairs and tables that were in the
dining room that just got

528
00:41:15,030 --> 00:41:16,750
washed through.

529
00:41:21,510 --> 00:41:23,150
It's shocking,

530
00:41:23,150 --> 00:41:28,030
when it's been such a vibrant
place for so long.

531
00:41:28,030 --> 00:41:31,630
To come in here
and say your whole life's work,

532
00:41:31,630 --> 00:41:34,390
"Oh, my God, it's all, it's gone."

533
00:41:36,670 --> 00:41:39,390
Hurricanes are powered
by heat from the ocean.

534
00:41:41,190 --> 00:41:43,550
And global warming is a reality.

535
00:41:45,870 --> 00:41:48,950
But scientists don't know whether
hurricanes are getting worse

536
00:41:48,950 --> 00:41:50,590
because, until now,

537
00:41:50,590 --> 00:41:53,870
there's been no consistent way
to measure their strength.

538
00:41:59,950 --> 00:42:04,390
Here on the Florida coast,
someone is rising to the challenge.

539
00:42:06,230 --> 00:42:10,030
George Diller works at the most
expensive beachfront property

540
00:42:10,030 --> 00:42:11,510
on Earth.

541
00:42:12,790 --> 00:42:16,710
This is Kennedy Space Center
on Cape Canaveral,

542
00:42:16,710 --> 00:42:19,910
where astronauts
set sail from planet Earth.

543
00:42:19,910 --> 00:42:21,670
'Firing chain is armed.'

544
00:42:21,670 --> 00:42:23,550
You may not recognise George...

545
00:42:23,550 --> 00:42:25,470
'We are go for main engine start.'

546
00:42:25,470 --> 00:42:27,670
..but you've probably
heard his voice.

547
00:42:27,670 --> 00:42:31,230
'Five, four, three, two, one,

548
00:42:31,230 --> 00:42:34,030
'and lift-off of the space shuttle
Discovery!'

549
00:42:34,030 --> 00:42:36,230
'Lift-off of space shuttle...'

550
00:42:36,230 --> 00:42:39,110
'The final lift-off of Atlantis.

551
00:42:39,110 --> 00:42:41,190
'On the shoulders
of this space shuttle,

552
00:42:41,190 --> 00:42:42,910
'America will continue the dream.'

553
00:42:51,990 --> 00:42:54,310
It certainly beats
working for a living.

554
00:42:54,310 --> 00:42:56,110
It's a lot of fun.

555
00:42:57,230 --> 00:43:00,470
Nasa is playing a leading role in
coastal defence

556
00:43:00,470 --> 00:43:04,670
because they've found a way
to measure hurricane strength

557
00:43:04,670 --> 00:43:07,630
by looking inside them from space.

558
00:43:10,510 --> 00:43:12,910
Just six weeks after
Hurricane Matthew,

559
00:43:12,910 --> 00:43:15,830
the CYGNSS mission
is a game changer.

560
00:43:15,830 --> 00:43:19,350
'T minus 12, T minus 10,

561
00:43:19,350 --> 00:43:21,630
'Peg is go for launch.'

562
00:43:21,630 --> 00:43:25,430
The satellite is launched
from mid-air on a Pegasus rocket.

563
00:43:25,430 --> 00:43:26,710
'And drop.

564
00:43:26,710 --> 00:43:28,110
'Pegasus is away.

565
00:43:32,030 --> 00:43:34,750
'Ignition of the Pegasus rocket
with CYGNSS,

566
00:43:34,750 --> 00:43:38,150
'helping hurricane forecasters
understand and predict

567
00:43:38,150 --> 00:43:39,830
'the intensity of hurricanes.'

568
00:43:42,230 --> 00:43:44,750
CYGNSS is eight satellites in one,

569
00:43:44,750 --> 00:43:48,510
throwing a ring of protection
around the Earth.

570
00:43:48,510 --> 00:43:51,070
They measure
the height of ocean waves,

571
00:43:51,070 --> 00:43:54,230
the crucial indicator
of hurricane wind speed.

572
00:43:55,870 --> 00:43:58,150
As global warming continues,

573
00:43:58,150 --> 00:44:02,190
CYGNSS will warn us if hurricanes
get more powerful

574
00:44:02,190 --> 00:44:04,190
and more dangerous.

575
00:44:04,190 --> 00:44:08,430
All this massive amount of data
gives us an idea of how much we are

576
00:44:08,430 --> 00:44:11,510
affecting the nature of our planet.

577
00:44:16,630 --> 00:44:20,350
The more we see, the more
we want to pay attention to it

578
00:44:20,350 --> 00:44:23,950
because we're not sure
all the changes are for good.

579
00:44:25,630 --> 00:44:28,150
So, looking down on the Earth
from space

580
00:44:28,150 --> 00:44:31,310
is just as important as being
able to look out.

581
00:44:35,870 --> 00:44:38,750
Hurricanes are a stark reminder

582
00:44:38,750 --> 00:44:41,990
that Nature is more powerful than
any of us.

583
00:44:45,230 --> 00:44:47,070
You can't live in fear.

584
00:44:47,070 --> 00:44:49,350
You can't live in fear.
If you're living in fear,

585
00:44:49,350 --> 00:44:51,670
you're always
looking over your shoulder.

586
00:44:51,670 --> 00:44:53,990
It's not the right way to live.

587
00:45:00,870 --> 00:45:05,870
In 1972, Harrison Schmitt
went to the moon,

588
00:45:05,870 --> 00:45:07,950
but discovered the Earth.

589
00:45:10,110 --> 00:45:16,350
Astronauts have been watching
us reshape the planet ever since.

590
00:45:16,350 --> 00:45:19,470
We still have to realise
that civilisation,

591
00:45:19,470 --> 00:45:22,470
if we want civilisation,
requires resources.

592
00:45:22,470 --> 00:45:25,870
And you have to balance that
with the wellbeing of a planet.

593
00:45:27,670 --> 00:45:31,870
I think astronauts that are in orbit
around the Earth are going to learn

594
00:45:31,870 --> 00:45:34,830
more and more
about the Earth itself,

595
00:45:34,830 --> 00:45:37,550
and the resources
that we might use here.

596
00:45:39,310 --> 00:45:42,470
The better we do that,
the better off we're going to be.

597
00:45:44,950 --> 00:45:47,990
There's a life-or-death challenge ahead.

598
00:45:49,270 --> 00:45:55,270
13 years from now, there will be
another billion people on Earth.

599
00:45:57,030 --> 00:46:02,750
Humanity must find ever more food,
power and shelter,

600
00:46:02,750 --> 00:46:04,310
without destroying the planet.

601
00:46:06,910 --> 00:46:09,070
The quest continues.

602
00:46:11,510 --> 00:46:14,190
The Earth is very fragile,
seen from space,

603
00:46:14,190 --> 00:46:17,710
and that fragility needs
to be understood by everybody.

604
00:46:19,270 --> 00:46:21,110
It's the only place that we have.

605
00:46:22,590 --> 00:46:25,950
That is what we should
be thinking about every day

606
00:46:25,950 --> 00:46:27,670
as we make our mark on Earth.

607
00:46:27,670 --> 00:46:30,150
We are thriving here.

608
00:46:30,150 --> 00:46:32,550
We also have
to take care of this place.

609
00:46:38,390 --> 00:46:39,710
Home is the word.

610
00:46:52,630 --> 00:46:55,230
'I just want to say
good night, sleep tight.'

611
00:46:58,630 --> 00:47:02,750
Bob, that's the most beautiful
crescent Earth I've ever seen.

612
00:47:05,510 --> 00:47:07,910
It's a nice place
to come home to, guys.

613
00:47:15,430 --> 00:47:17,510
Subtitles by Ericsson