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NARRATOR: They cover
two-thirds of our planet.

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They hold clues
to the mysteries of our past.

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And they're vital
for our future survival.

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But the secrets of our oceans
have remained largely undiscovered.

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PAUL ROSE: I am with a six gill shark.

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Yes! Yes!

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NARRATOR: Explorer Paul Rose is leading
a team of ocean experts

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on a series of underwater
science expeditions.

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For a year the team has
voyaged across the world

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to build up a global picture
of our seas.

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PHILIPPE COUSTEAU: We are doing some
pretty un-charted research here.

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LUCY BLUE:
This is psychedelically purple!

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PAUL: We're here to try and understand

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the earth's Oceans
and put them in a human scale.

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NARRATOR: our oceans are changing
faster than ever.

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LUCY:
I've never seen ice like this before.

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NARRATOR: There's never been
a better time

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to explore
the last true wilderness on earth.

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It's that way. Something quite big.

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LUCY: Who!
PAUL: Yes, look.

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Yes. It's a whale here.

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NARRATOR: The team is exploring
a unique corner of the Pacific ocean,

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the Sea of Cortez.

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TOONI MAHTO: Oh, my goodness.

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PAUL: This is so beautiful, isn't it?

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TOONI:
I think that those are fin whales.

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And this is the first day, the first
day at sea in the Sea Of Cortez.

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-It feels good, doesn’t it?
-It certainly flipping does.

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NARRATOR: The Sea of Cortez
is a rich, fertile gulf

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separating the peninsula of
Baja, California, from mainland Mexico.

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This sea is an exceptional
marine environment,

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home to the greatest variety
of whales and dolphins

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found anywhere in the world.

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But today,
this ocean paradise is under threat.

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In the last 50 to 1 00 years,

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humans have had a growing impact
On the systems

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that make the sea so interesting,

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the health Of sea lions,
sharks and sperm whales,

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you know, all these big animals

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that are found here
in this little, young sea.

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NARRATOR: Fishing, tourism and industry
have triggered complex changes here

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and it's these that the team
has come to investigate.

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This is definitely On the edge.

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NARRATOR: Environmentalist
Philippe Cousteau

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will examine the shifting balance
of this delicate eco-system.

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PHILIPPE: Whoa, look at that!

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If you see an explosion Of squid,

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that is at the cost
to some Other species.

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NARRATOR: Maritime archaeologist
Dr Lucy Blue

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discovers how local people have
found a way to protect our seas.

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They are very aware that the seas
Only have a limited resource.

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They have to be farmed
in a way that is sustainable.

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Five sperm whales down there.

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NARRATOR: Marine biologist
and oceanographer Toni Math

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explores how life is responding,

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in a rare encounter with one of
the largest carnivores on earth.

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TOONI: I got sonar boomed.

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I felt that boom
going right through my body.

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The Sea Of Cortez is a sea under change,

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and we are going
to witness those changes

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and I think that's a fantastic mission
for a diving expedition.

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NARRATOR: This will be a voyage
of discovery into a sea of change.

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Expedition leader Paul Rose will head up
their first mission,

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the search for an ocean predator
that once dominated this sea.

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PAUL: Hammerhead sharks.

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As soon as we put together
a Sea Of Cortez diving expedition,

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hammerhead sharks was
the Only image that came to mind.

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PHILIPPE: Is this the...

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PAUL: Yeah.
PHILIPPE: This is the hammerhead video?

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This is filmed right here,
right underneath us.

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NARRATOR: These pictures
were taken 1 6 years ago

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in a spot directly beneath
the expedition boat.

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-That was here!
-Yeah, right here.

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Right here, that's spectacular.

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And the... The research...

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NARRATOR: Across the world,
sharks are in decline.

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Tens of millions are caught each year.

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The team has come here
to see how that's effecting

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this once-thriving
hammerhead population.

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That's a fantastic shot.

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PHILIPPE: That's a great shot,
good lord.

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There's no real evaluation
Of how many there are left

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and what their habits are
and how they're changing,

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and the scientists need
more information,

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and the way we can do that is
get sightings, study their behaviour

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and that all contributes.
It's all gold dust.

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NARRATOR: Hammerhead sharks
are easily spooked

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so Paul is using special kit
that doesn't produce bubbles.

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Re-breathers allow you
to stay underwater much longer,

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but you need to be
an experienced diver to use them safely.

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There's a few different ways
to kill yourself with these

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and they're all instant.

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You don’t seem... There don’t seem
to be near-misses with them.

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If you haven't set something up right,
it's going to kill you.

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Serious business.

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NARRATOR: This is the El Baja seamount,
an extinct volcano.

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It was once one of the best places
in the world to see hammerhead sharks.

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Now this looks like
hammerhead territory.

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These are Cortez stingrays,
which hammerheads eat

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and these are barber fish
that clean parasites Off their skin,

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so we're definitely in the right place.

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NARRATOR: Hammerheads are vital
to the health of the ocean.

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They weed out the sick and injured
and help keep marine life in balance.

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But they've been heavily fished,

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so Paul doesn't know
how many he'll find.

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Our plan is to sit here still and quiet

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and hopefully the hammerheads
will come by.

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RADIO OPERATOR:
Paul, surface. Paul, surface.

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NARRATOR: Unknown to Paul,
he's gone silent for another reason.

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The boat has Just lost radio contact.

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RADIO OPERATOR:
Paul, surface. Paul, surface.

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NARRATOR: With Paul
40 metres underwater,

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this could be a serious situation.

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Obviously we've seen the kind Of
equipment that he's working with.

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If there is a problem,
we've got no way Of knowing.

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Paul, surface. Paul, surface.

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For the time being we don’t actually
know where he is Or what he's doing,

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which is not great.

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NARRATOR: Richard Bull is
in charge of dive safety.

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It makes me very, very nervous,
it really does.

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Still if I can relax at all
during a dive

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it's when I can hear them talking

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and they're calm and I haven't got
any Of that now.

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Paul, surface. Try PTT. PTT.
Paul, surface.

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PAUL: Yeah, yeah! A sea lion!

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(WHOOPS)

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PAUL: He's beautiful!

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(LAUGHING)

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That's a nice surprise.

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(LAUGHING)

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TOONI: Oh, Oh, laughter.

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(PAUL LAUGHING)

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Well, something’s very good.

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(LAUGHING)

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I thought it was a shark.

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The Rose chuckle, we like that.

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NARRATOR: Paul's now
been diving for hours

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but still no sign of sharks.

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PAUL: This nutrient-rich current
should help bring in the hammerheads

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but where the heck are they?

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-And?
-It was an exciting dive,

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but no hammerheads.

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Not a single One?

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Sadly, no.

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I really felt that we would find them.

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It felt like hammerhead territory,
it was all there.

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But no hammerheads.

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NARRATOR: Paul dives the seamount
again and again

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but still no sightings.

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Just 20 years ago
this was a hammerhead hotspot.

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It's becoming clear

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this shark population
is in severe decline.

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Three days Of expedition time and,
you know, didn't get a sniff Of One.

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NO hammerhead.

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I'm worried because there used to be

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hundreds Of them
On the seamount like this

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and now we'd be very lucky
to find One Or two.

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There is a sense in me that says,
well, maybe there's none here.

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NARRATOR: In the Sea of Cortez

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thousands of hammerhead sharks
are caught each year,

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mostly to satisfy the demand
for shark fin soup in the Far East

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and there's further evidence
of how destructive this trade can be,

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as Dr Lucy Blue has discovered.

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LUCY: One Of the boat crew
found this skull On a beach

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On One Of the islands here

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and as you can see,
this is the hammerhead Of the shark

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and it's actually quite a small One.

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It just shows that, you know,
they're not fussy about what size,

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they'll take them small Or big,
juvenile Or adult.

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Once they've chopped Off all the fins,
which is effectively what they're after,

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they discard the rest Of it.

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The fins can reach something
in the region Of like $1 00 for One kilo

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so you’re talking big business, really.

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And this is happening
On a large scale, so, yeah...

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NARRATOR: In this sea hammerhead numbers
have been dramatically reduced.

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Some estimates suggest
only 1 0% are left.

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It's the demand for shark fin soup.

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You know, it's barely credible, I think,

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you know, for someone from England,
you think, well, shark fin soup?

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But that's what's happened.

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I mean, shark fin soup’s supposed
to have some fantastic properties

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but it's not worth decimating
a whole species for, is it?

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NARRATOR: The decline
in the number of sharks

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is shifting the balance
of life in the sea.

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Later in the expedition
the team will explore

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the surprising consequences
which that's having here.

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Did you see that?

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NARRATOR: Next morning
this corner of the Pacific ocean

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offers the expedition a welcome lift.

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PHILIPPE: There's a whole pod Of them.

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TOONI: Look at them go.
PHILIPPE: SO fast.

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TOONI: I think we're seeing
a pod Of common dolphins

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-but there's quite a lot Of them.
-There are.

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But they seem very small
so I don’t know...

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It looks like they're young teenagers
who are Out for a laugh.

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PHILIPPE: Showing Off.

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NARRATOR: More than 30 species
of whales and dolphins are found here.

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The loss of sharks has reduced
competition for food

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so dolphins are actually doing well.

200
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It shows how the balance of life

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is more complex and surprising
than it first appears.

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TOONI: Man, they're so lovely.

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NARRATOR: For the next dive,
environmentalist Philippe Cousteau,

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00:13:00,566 --> 00:13:02,841
grandson of explorer Jacques Cousteau,

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hopes to investigate
another part of the puzzle.

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We're headed Off to Loss Islets
to go diving with sea lions,

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which I have to say is One Of my
favourite things to do in the world.

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NARRATOR: Large breeding colonies
of California sea lions are found here

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00:13:19,806 --> 00:13:22,604
but as commercial fishing
increases in this sea

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it's starting to affect them.

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PHILIPPE: Now there's been
a lot Of Over fishing

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00:13:27,046 --> 00:13:30,755
Of their traditional food,
like sardines, in the Sea Of Cortez

213
00:13:30,846 --> 00:13:34,395
so a lot Of the sea lions
are suffering because Of that.

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00:13:34,886 --> 00:13:38,879
NARRATOR: The animals of Los Islets
are a mysterious exception.

215
00:13:38,966 --> 00:13:41,480
Somehow these animals are thriving.

216
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Marine biologist Toni Math
will be helping to unearth their secret.

217
00:14:02,126 --> 00:14:05,755
The first aim is to check out
how healthy this colony is.

218
00:14:12,166 --> 00:14:13,724
He came close!

219
00:14:13,806 --> 00:14:15,000
(WHOOPS)

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Like speeding bullets.

221
00:14:17,646 --> 00:14:21,764
Their manoeuvrability underwater
kind Of puts us to shame, I feel.

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00:14:26,606 --> 00:14:28,403
That One Over there is
a bit Of a big boy.

223
00:14:28,486 --> 00:14:30,761
I think he's One Of the males.

224
00:14:31,286 --> 00:14:34,483
Oh, and he's certainly coming round
to check me Out.

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00:14:34,566 --> 00:14:37,399
PHILIPPE: Yeah, that is
a big male, that's for sure.

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00:14:37,486 --> 00:14:38,999
He's awesome.

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You can see that huge, bony crust
On their head.

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They use that to reverberate sound
so that everybody can hear them

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00:14:45,686 --> 00:14:50,043
and let them know that they are
in the territory and they're in charge.

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00:14:50,366 --> 00:14:54,405
NARRATOR: Blowing bubbles is a way
of saying, ''Keep your distance. ''

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TOONI: Hello.

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00:15:02,046 --> 00:15:06,005
This looks like the nursery area to me,
with all the juveniles.

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SO apparently, the pups here
is this particular population

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spend an awful lot longer
with their mothers

235
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than pups Of the same species
in different areas.

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00:15:16,446 --> 00:15:20,724
SO they go and fish with their mothers,
so they learn that behaviour.

237
00:15:22,006 --> 00:15:23,724
NARRATOR: The number of pups
in the water

238
00:15:23,806 --> 00:15:26,320
is a sign this colony is doing well,

239
00:15:26,406 --> 00:15:30,285
as it means the females
are healthy enough to breed regularly.

240
00:15:31,406 --> 00:15:33,681
PHILIPPE: There were
about 30 pups a year in the early '90s

241
00:15:33,766 --> 00:15:35,961
and now there are more than 1 00 a year.

242
00:15:36,046 --> 00:15:39,197
That is a real success story,
which is good news.

243
00:15:40,726 --> 00:15:42,842
NARRATOR: But with many
fish stocks declining,

244
00:15:42,926 --> 00:15:45,998
the mystery is
why this colony's doing so well.

245
00:15:47,126 --> 00:15:49,481
Something else must be going on.

246
00:16:07,606 --> 00:16:11,485
They look so... They look so
incongruous On land, don’t they?

247
00:16:11,566 --> 00:16:14,876
And then as soon as he's in the water,
he's absolutely perfectly streamlined.

248
00:16:14,966 --> 00:16:18,197
Amazing. Master Of his environment.

249
00:16:25,886 --> 00:16:28,719
NARRATOR: Gathering
sea lions' droppings, or scats,

250
00:16:28,806 --> 00:16:31,604
might give Toni clues about their diet.

251
00:16:31,766 --> 00:16:33,757
Sea lion poor number two.

252
00:16:39,406 --> 00:16:44,844
Essentially I'm doing the scientific
equivalent Of panning for gold.

253
00:16:45,446 --> 00:16:48,756
I'm looking at the sea lion poor

254
00:16:48,846 --> 00:16:52,725
and what we're looking for
are the fish Eoliths,

255
00:16:52,806 --> 00:16:57,084
which are the ear bones Of fish,
and from the Eoliths we can identify

256
00:16:57,166 --> 00:17:00,044
what the sea lions
have actually been eating.

257
00:17:00,126 --> 00:17:01,764
Oh, there's One.

258
00:17:03,886 --> 00:17:06,400
Gold! I have gold!

259
00:17:08,006 --> 00:17:11,237
NARRATOR: These ear bones
could reveal the answer.

260
00:17:12,006 --> 00:17:14,839
And it seems Toni
really has struck gold.

261
00:17:15,926 --> 00:17:19,555
TOONI: What we've found here is the fish
Utility from a deep water sea bass

262
00:17:19,646 --> 00:17:23,559
that lives pretty much
between 75 and 265 metres,

263
00:17:23,646 --> 00:17:27,002
so that instantly shows
that this population has,

264
00:17:27,086 --> 00:17:31,398
at some stage, adapted to fishing
at much deeper depth.

265
00:17:33,486 --> 00:17:37,718
NARRATOR: California sea lions normally
hunt at depths of around 70 metres,

266
00:17:37,806 --> 00:17:40,115
catching fish such as sardines.

267
00:17:42,446 --> 00:17:46,359
But the ear bones Toni’s found
prove the animals at Los Islets

268
00:17:46,446 --> 00:17:49,279
have been able to change
their hunting patterns.

269
00:17:49,366 --> 00:17:53,644
And that is the reason why that
population seems to be doing so well.

270
00:17:55,446 --> 00:17:57,835
NARRATOR:
Because of this crucial adaptation,

271
00:17:57,926 --> 00:18:02,158
the Los Islets sea lions no longer
have to compete with fishermen

272
00:18:02,246 --> 00:18:04,237
and they're flourishing.

273
00:18:06,606 --> 00:18:09,598
PHILIPPE: The fact that this
particular colony has been able to adapt

274
00:18:09,686 --> 00:18:14,396
to the threats and challenges that are
facing it and thrive is a great story.

275
00:18:14,766 --> 00:18:18,645
Hopefully, if this colony can exhibit
this kind of behaviour,

276
00:18:18,726 --> 00:18:21,115
then others can follow suit

277
00:18:21,206 --> 00:18:25,165
and there might be a bright future
for the California sea lion.

278
00:18:36,566 --> 00:18:38,921
NARRATOR: Although life
is changing fast here,

279
00:18:39,006 --> 00:18:42,362
change itself is nothing new
to our seas and oceans.

280
00:18:44,566 --> 00:18:48,036
In fact, their size and shape
are constantly shifting.

281
00:18:50,806 --> 00:18:55,277
oceanographer Toni has brought the team
west to the Bay of Conception

282
00:18:55,366 --> 00:18:58,995
because here you can actually
see that process in action.

283
00:19:03,086 --> 00:19:07,477
Beneath these calm waters is
a giant fracture in the earth's crust.

284
00:19:07,566 --> 00:19:10,763
It's part of the infamous
San Andreas fault line

285
00:19:10,846 --> 00:19:12,837
and it created this sea.

286
00:19:16,046 --> 00:19:19,083
The Sea Of Cortez is quite young
in geological terms.

287
00:19:19,166 --> 00:19:22,283
The peninsula split away
from the main coastline Of Mexico

288
00:19:22,366 --> 00:19:26,678
about five million years ago,
so it basically started tearing apart

289
00:19:26,766 --> 00:19:30,600
and the great thing I like so much is
the fact that it's still moving.

290
00:19:30,686 --> 00:19:34,804
The whole Of the Baja peninsula
is moving pretty much west

291
00:19:34,886 --> 00:19:36,956
at a rate Of five centimetres a year.

292
00:19:38,646 --> 00:19:41,524
NARRATOR: This bay offers Toni
the chance to look for evidence

293
00:19:41,606 --> 00:19:43,961
that this sea is getting bigger.

294
00:19:45,766 --> 00:19:48,360
And Paul's hoping
she'll cook a snack in the process.

295
00:19:48,446 --> 00:19:54,965
Luis, could we have six eggs, heaves,
would that be Okay?

296
00:19:55,846 --> 00:19:59,122
Good man, good man,
thanks very much, thank you.

297
00:20:01,886 --> 00:20:03,558
Don’t forget these, yeah.

298
00:20:03,646 --> 00:20:05,159
Mind your head!
Good luck, happy cooking.

299
00:20:05,246 --> 00:20:06,599
Thank you.

300
00:20:19,966 --> 00:20:24,721
NARRATOR: Toni and Lucy are swimming
over part of the San Andreas fault line.

301
00:20:26,446 --> 00:20:29,563
As the earth's crust is being
ripped apart beneath them,

302
00:20:29,646 --> 00:20:31,796
heat and gas
from the centre of the planet

303
00:20:31,886 --> 00:20:35,356
are escaping through cracks
called hydrothermal vents.

304
00:20:36,486 --> 00:20:39,717
TOONI: Oh, look, look at all
these bubbles coming through.

305
00:20:39,806 --> 00:20:42,001
LUCY: Oh, God, yeah.

306
00:20:42,486 --> 00:20:44,716
NARRATOR: It's rare to see
a hydrothermal vent

307
00:20:44,806 --> 00:20:46,797
in five metres of water.

308
00:20:48,326 --> 00:20:51,477
They're normally found
deep beneath the surface.

309
00:20:51,566 --> 00:20:54,922
TOONI: Oh, look,
you can see the heat shimmer.

310
00:20:55,606 --> 00:20:57,961
This is the shimmering water

311
00:20:58,046 --> 00:21:00,241
where the hot water is coming
Out Of the ground

312
00:21:00,326 --> 00:21:03,443
and mixing with the colder seawater
around it

313
00:21:03,526 --> 00:21:06,996
and that is the evidence
Of all the hydrothermal activity,

314
00:21:07,086 --> 00:21:09,395
accompanied by all the bubbles.

315
00:21:10,326 --> 00:21:13,238
Oh, that's... That's hot!
That's really hot.

316
00:21:14,286 --> 00:21:16,720
It's actually burning my fingers.

317
00:21:17,686 --> 00:21:21,201
NARRATOR: This hot water
is over 90 degrees centigrade.

318
00:21:22,126 --> 00:21:25,277
It once trickled down through cracks
in the earth's crust

319
00:21:25,366 --> 00:21:28,085
towards the furnace of the inner earth.

320
00:21:28,646 --> 00:21:33,197
There it was super-heated and forced out
into the Sea of Cortez.

321
00:21:37,126 --> 00:21:40,198
Right.
SO we've brought Our eggs with us,

322
00:21:41,086 --> 00:21:46,035
and we're going to bury them here
'cause it's really, really warm here,

323
00:21:46,126 --> 00:21:49,801
and then we're going to take them
back On board for lunch.

324
00:21:50,446 --> 00:21:54,564
We're cooking in the sea floor.
It's not right.

325
00:21:56,566 --> 00:21:58,761
NARRATOR: Hot, mineral-rich
water like this

326
00:21:58,846 --> 00:22:03,158
is only found in places where
fault lines are tearing the earth apart.

327
00:22:04,006 --> 00:22:08,522
It proves that directly below the team
the earth's crust is slowly moving

328
00:22:08,606 --> 00:22:11,040
and this sea is steadily growing.

329
00:22:13,326 --> 00:22:17,478
Seas and oceans are thought of
as immovable features of our planet.

330
00:22:17,846 --> 00:22:20,644
This dive has shown
they're anything but.

331
00:22:21,286 --> 00:22:24,483
It's quite amazing to think
that this action

332
00:22:24,566 --> 00:22:29,799
Of the tearing apart
Of these two landmasses is a continuum

333
00:22:29,886 --> 00:22:33,242
and it's been going On like that
for Over five million years.

334
00:22:35,526 --> 00:22:38,598
NARRATOR: But although this process
created the Sea of Cortez,

335
00:22:38,686 --> 00:22:40,677
it will also destroy it.

336
00:22:42,046 --> 00:22:45,675
As Baja, California, continues
to move northwest,

337
00:22:45,766 --> 00:22:50,237
it will eventually break away from
the mainland to become a giant island.

338
00:22:51,686 --> 00:22:54,758
Then the Sea of Cortez
will disappear forever,

339
00:22:54,846 --> 00:22:57,679
engulfed by the rest
of the Pacific ocean.

340
00:23:02,326 --> 00:23:04,681
Hey, hey!
I know what you’re holding behind you.

341
00:23:04,766 --> 00:23:08,600
You can't fool me. Boiled eggs.
Hard-boiled eggs, soft-boiled eggs?

342
00:23:08,686 --> 00:23:10,881
You know
what I'm struggling with is soldiers.

343
00:23:10,966 --> 00:23:13,799
I don’t know what Spanish is
for soldiers.

344
00:23:16,886 --> 00:23:19,002
PAUL: They look... That looks perfect.
PHILIPPE: It does look good.

345
00:23:19,086 --> 00:23:20,485
A hard-boiled egg.

346
00:23:20,566 --> 00:23:25,640
That's a perfect, perfect
hydrothermal vent-boiled egg.

347
00:23:26,526 --> 00:23:27,675
I'm going to... Is it Okay to eat?

348
00:23:27,766 --> 00:23:30,200
Of course it's all right to eat.
It's blooming great.

349
00:23:30,286 --> 00:23:32,277
You could do it like an Oyster,
couldn’t you?

350
00:23:32,366 --> 00:23:33,799
TOONI: What? In One?

351
00:23:33,886 --> 00:23:35,160
(GROANS IN DISGUST)

352
00:23:36,606 --> 00:23:38,244
That's absolutely brilliant.

353
00:23:38,326 --> 00:23:40,476
TOONI: Did you just down an egg in One?

354
00:23:40,566 --> 00:23:42,761
It's absolutely brilliant.
Well, I thought it was worth a go.

355
00:23:42,846 --> 00:23:44,598
You’re disgusting!

356
00:23:45,286 --> 00:23:49,757
Sea Of Cortez, eating eggs cooked by
Lucy and Toni On a hydrothermal vent.

357
00:23:49,846 --> 00:23:52,679
PHILIPPE: Awesome!
PAUL: Oh, cheers, mate.

358
00:23:58,886 --> 00:24:00,524
NARRATOR: At the start
of the expedition,

359
00:24:00,606 --> 00:24:04,155
the team saw how hammerhead sharks
were being decimated.

360
00:24:05,406 --> 00:24:09,081
Now they plan to investigate
a surprising knock-on effect.

361
00:24:10,566 --> 00:24:13,717
The invasion
of another fearsome predator.

362
00:24:14,046 --> 00:24:16,480
They are ugly creatures.

363
00:24:16,726 --> 00:24:21,481
NARRATOR: A few decades ago, there were
no Humboldt squid in the Sea of Cortez.

364
00:24:21,806 --> 00:24:24,320
Now there could be over 20 million.

365
00:24:24,566 --> 00:24:27,842
TOONI: They've taken Over
in a really short space Of time

366
00:24:27,926 --> 00:24:29,598
and that's to do with
the amount Of fishing

367
00:24:29,686 --> 00:24:32,200
that's gone On in this particular sea.

368
00:24:32,286 --> 00:24:34,242
SO they've taken Out the top predators

369
00:24:34,326 --> 00:24:36,556
and now the Humboldt squid
have basically

370
00:24:36,646 --> 00:24:39,001
filled in the giant empty space.

371
00:24:40,286 --> 00:24:42,402
NARRATOR: Growing to
over two metres long,

372
00:24:42,486 --> 00:24:45,762
these are ferocious,
cannibalistic hunters.

373
00:24:45,846 --> 00:24:48,235
PAUL: Look at the beak.
That is so strong.

374
00:24:48,326 --> 00:24:50,123
-You see it Overlaps?
-Yeah.

375
00:24:50,206 --> 00:24:52,356
If you imagine that...
That is kind Of hooked Over

376
00:24:52,446 --> 00:24:54,641
so if your finger's in there, it's gone.

377
00:24:54,726 --> 00:24:57,718
PHILIPPE: Yeah, and look at the eye.

378
00:24:57,846 --> 00:25:00,758
TOONI: Ouch, that's too eerie.

379
00:25:00,846 --> 00:25:03,485
NARRATOR: Humboldt squid are
thought to have excellent vision

380
00:25:03,566 --> 00:25:08,082
and are armed with over 30,000
barbed hooks inside their suckers.

381
00:25:08,166 --> 00:25:12,159
PHILIPPE: You can feel them.
They are properly sharp, these hooks.

382
00:25:12,246 --> 00:25:13,395
NARRATOR: The team wants to find out

383
00:25:13,486 --> 00:25:16,205
what impact
the squid invasion is having.

384
00:25:16,286 --> 00:25:18,004
-Honestly, that is nasty.
-TOONI: True.

385
00:25:18,086 --> 00:25:20,554
NARRATOR: And that means
seeing them hunt.

386
00:25:25,166 --> 00:25:27,999
Humboldt’s live
in the depths of the ocean.

387
00:25:29,646 --> 00:25:33,639
Local fishermen say catching one
tempts others up from the deep.

388
00:25:39,806 --> 00:25:41,637
We've got a squid here.

389
00:25:45,366 --> 00:25:47,561
(ALL CHATTERING)

390
00:25:47,646 --> 00:25:50,479
We've got squid in the area!

391
00:25:50,566 --> 00:25:55,594
We've been fishing about two hours
and we've run into a huge pile Of squid

392
00:25:55,686 --> 00:26:00,316
and what's really interesting is that
every single time we put a hook down,

393
00:26:00,406 --> 00:26:04,684
it brings up a squid that's got
marks and rips and bites all Over it.

394
00:26:05,766 --> 00:26:09,202
A number Of the Ones that we pulled up
have actually been eaten

395
00:26:09,286 --> 00:26:13,484
so this is demonstrating the sort Of
cannibalistic habits Of the squid,

396
00:26:13,566 --> 00:26:15,875
which is really quite unnerving.

397
00:26:15,966 --> 00:26:17,718
You know, watch your mate
get caught On a line

398
00:26:17,806 --> 00:26:20,115
and then eat him On the way up.

399
00:26:21,926 --> 00:26:26,078
NARRATOR: To see how they hunt
there's only one option, to dive in.

400
00:26:27,606 --> 00:26:29,198
I don’t particularly
want to get in there

401
00:26:29,286 --> 00:26:33,518
with a whole load Of arms
and suckers and teeth.

402
00:26:34,566 --> 00:26:37,683
NARRATOR: Dive safety supervisor
Richard Bull is also worried.

403
00:26:37,766 --> 00:26:38,881
BULL: Yeah, I agree.

404
00:26:38,966 --> 00:26:43,881
There are some very serious reports
Of people getting grabbed by them,

405
00:26:43,966 --> 00:26:45,922
divers getting grabbed by them.

406
00:26:46,006 --> 00:26:48,725
One grabs them, another One grabs them,
then another One grabs them

407
00:26:48,806 --> 00:26:53,357
and if you don’t react quickly, then
you are On your way down to the deep.

408
00:26:54,086 --> 00:26:57,044
This is to keep us safe.

409
00:26:57,126 --> 00:27:00,084
In case something goes wrong,
the rest Of the crew can grab...

410
00:27:00,166 --> 00:27:04,444
There'll be a line tied to this
and they can grab us and bring us up.

411
00:27:04,806 --> 00:27:06,239
NARRATOR: It's now past midnight

412
00:27:06,326 --> 00:27:09,204
and the weather
has started to deteriorate.

413
00:27:09,686 --> 00:27:11,722
The waves are coming in strong.

414
00:27:11,806 --> 00:27:14,445
It's really rough.
The wind is picking up.

415
00:27:14,526 --> 00:27:16,801
This is definitely On the edge.

416
00:27:17,446 --> 00:27:20,324
BULL: If you’re not in five minutes,
it's Off.

417
00:27:23,286 --> 00:27:25,800
We've got to watch...

418
00:27:31,446 --> 00:27:33,516
BULL: Cur, look at that current.

419
00:27:33,926 --> 00:27:35,279
-GO.
-Okay.

420
00:27:42,006 --> 00:27:43,803
TOONI: Flipping heck!

421
00:27:44,086 --> 00:27:47,840
PHILIPPE: That was
a very rough entry in the water.

422
00:27:48,646 --> 00:27:50,398
Whoa! Look at that.

423
00:27:50,486 --> 00:27:54,161
TOONI: I can see squid.
They're right here.

424
00:27:54,246 --> 00:27:56,476
Look. There are loads Of them.

425
00:27:57,046 --> 00:27:59,116
PHILIPPE: Look, there's One.

426
00:28:02,126 --> 00:28:03,764
Oh, my goodness!

427
00:28:05,286 --> 00:28:09,996
We can see the squid, which are kind Of
racing and pulsing Out Of the darkness.

428
00:28:11,006 --> 00:28:12,405
NARRATOR: As they come closer,

429
00:28:12,486 --> 00:28:15,523
the squid seem to be
doing something peculiar.

430
00:28:16,686 --> 00:28:19,484
PHILIPPE: There are several Of them
flashing their colours

431
00:28:19,566 --> 00:28:25,038
and we can see these ghostly
light shadows that are flashing red.

432
00:28:27,686 --> 00:28:31,395
You see the colour Of him?
That red, red flash.

433
00:28:33,806 --> 00:28:36,195
NARRATOR: These flashes
may be a form of language

434
00:28:36,286 --> 00:28:40,564
that could possibly help groups of squid
to communicate as they hunt.

435
00:28:41,446 --> 00:28:45,325
PHILIPPE: They are
definitely attracted to the lures.

436
00:28:45,966 --> 00:28:48,116
TOONI: Oh!
PHILIPPE: Yeah, there it is.

437
00:28:48,206 --> 00:28:50,242
TOONI: God, they move quick.

438
00:28:50,326 --> 00:28:54,001
NARRATOR: The squid have started
to attack the team's bait in a pack.

439
00:28:54,086 --> 00:28:57,283
PHILIPPE:
There's, like, 1 0 Or 20 Out here.

440
00:28:59,126 --> 00:29:03,244
TOONI: Invertebrates don’t
normally hunt together like this.

441
00:29:03,726 --> 00:29:06,240
But Humboldt squid are intelligent.

442
00:29:07,046 --> 00:29:11,756
By flashing, they might be Organising
themselves into a hunting pack.

443
00:29:13,806 --> 00:29:16,923
NARRATOR: And that's helping them
to devastate local fish stocks,

444
00:29:17,006 --> 00:29:19,804
eating an estimated 1 0,000 tons a night.

445
00:29:23,206 --> 00:29:25,845
Underwater, Toni and Philippe
are unaware

446
00:29:25,926 --> 00:29:28,724
of how windy it's become on the surface.

447
00:29:30,166 --> 00:29:32,726
It's kicking up.
It's getting pretty rough...

448
00:29:32,806 --> 00:29:35,366
It's definitely deteriorating, Paul.

449
00:29:36,806 --> 00:29:40,321
I'm thinking we're On the edge,
it's my job to say no.

450
00:29:40,406 --> 00:29:41,634
Agreed.

451
00:29:42,526 --> 00:29:45,563
We've put Our men
at the edge Of Our capability

452
00:29:45,646 --> 00:29:48,922
and the seas have picked up

453
00:29:49,006 --> 00:29:50,917
and the weather
is Obviously getting worse,

454
00:29:51,006 --> 00:29:53,122
so time to bring them back.

455
00:29:53,806 --> 00:29:58,402
NARRATOR: The rough seas will now make
for a dangerous exit from the water.

456
00:30:01,166 --> 00:30:03,839
(ALL TALKING EXCITEDLY)

457
00:30:18,086 --> 00:30:20,919
PAUL: Get him Over to
that ladder quickly.

458
00:30:26,166 --> 00:30:29,158
-Well done, mate.
-TOO rough really, wasn't it?

459
00:30:32,086 --> 00:30:35,317
(PANTING) It was One heck Of a dive,
that's for sure.

460
00:30:35,646 --> 00:30:36,681
TOONI: Oh, man.

461
00:30:36,766 --> 00:30:39,405
-Are you all right, mate?
-I'm popped.

462
00:30:41,926 --> 00:30:43,564
What time is it?

463
00:30:44,166 --> 00:30:45,440
3:1 0.

464
00:30:45,526 --> 00:30:49,519
SO we've been squid digging since 8:00,
8:00 this evening.

465
00:30:50,206 --> 00:30:51,605
(EXCLAIMS)

466
00:30:53,246 --> 00:30:55,282
NARRATOR: The success
of the Humboldt squid

467
00:30:55,366 --> 00:30:58,403
is having a radical effect
on this ecosystem.

468
00:30:59,726 --> 00:31:01,603
PHILIPPE:
If you're seeing an explosion of squid,

469
00:31:01,686 --> 00:31:05,759
that is at the cost
to some other species.

470
00:31:06,766 --> 00:31:08,199
They'll eat their way
down the food chain

471
00:31:08,286 --> 00:31:10,925
till there's nothing left down there.

472
00:31:11,966 --> 00:31:15,561
NARRATOR: And this problem
isn't Just affecting the Sea of Cortez.

473
00:31:15,646 --> 00:31:19,764
Many invertebrates, like squid,
are booming throughout our oceans.

474
00:31:22,366 --> 00:31:25,119
The expedition has witnessed
one of the great changes

475
00:31:25,206 --> 00:31:27,720
affecting life in our oceans today.

476
00:31:39,446 --> 00:31:42,995
After the late night,
Paul gives the team some time off.

477
00:31:46,406 --> 00:31:48,601
It's a very good part Of the expedition,

478
00:31:48,686 --> 00:31:51,962
right in the middle Of it,
and in the thick Of it.

479
00:31:55,726 --> 00:31:57,523
TOONI: I'm loving this sea.

480
00:31:58,566 --> 00:32:00,841
Just looks like it holds
those hidden jewels

481
00:32:00,926 --> 00:32:04,123
that essentially we are all here
to try and find.

482
00:32:05,126 --> 00:32:07,401
PHILIPPE:
Now I have this real sense Of Ownership

483
00:32:07,486 --> 00:32:10,046
and it saddens me to think
that anything at all

484
00:32:10,126 --> 00:32:13,482
is being done to harm
this special, beautiful place.

485
00:32:15,606 --> 00:32:16,925
NARRATOR: The team has already seen

486
00:32:17,006 --> 00:32:19,884
some of the surprising effects
of man's impact here,

487
00:32:19,966 --> 00:32:23,276
but there's more to explore
in this remarkable sea.

488
00:32:23,846 --> 00:32:25,643
There's still a lot Of challenges ahead.

489
00:32:25,726 --> 00:32:28,035
We've got sperm whales coming up yet.

490
00:32:28,126 --> 00:32:29,844
All these great things
we've still got to do

491
00:32:29,926 --> 00:32:32,759
in the northern part
Of the Sea Of Cortez.

492
00:32:42,886 --> 00:32:45,798
NARRATOR: For maritime archaeologist
Dr Lucy Blue,

493
00:32:45,886 --> 00:32:49,561
oceans aren't Just about
the creatures living within them.

494
00:32:49,806 --> 00:32:53,321
For me, it's the connection
between the people in the past,

495
00:32:53,406 --> 00:32:54,441
their relationship with the sea

496
00:32:54,526 --> 00:32:57,882
and what that can tell us
about people living today.

497
00:32:59,766 --> 00:33:01,677
NARRATOR: Lucy's been
researching a shipwreck

498
00:33:01,766 --> 00:33:05,725
that tells a tragic story
of man's relationship with the ocean.

499
00:33:05,886 --> 00:33:08,798
It's a boat that was smuggling
migrant workers

500
00:33:08,886 --> 00:33:12,481
with the aim Of trying to get
into the Unites States Of America.

501
00:33:13,406 --> 00:33:17,160
It is a bit like an investigation into,
you know, the lives Of these people

502
00:33:17,246 --> 00:33:20,363
as they took this treacherous journey
across the sea.

503
00:33:20,446 --> 00:33:21,845
Was this a transport ship Or what?

504
00:33:21,926 --> 00:33:24,042
Yes, exactly,
a transportation Of people.

505
00:33:24,126 --> 00:33:27,516
And there will be clues left
within the shell Of that boat

506
00:33:27,606 --> 00:33:31,155
to give us an indication
Of what life On board was like.

507
00:33:50,686 --> 00:33:55,123
LUCY: You can just see it
emerging Out Of the bottom Of the sea.

508
00:34:04,966 --> 00:34:10,677
This is the wreck Of the Fang Ming,
sort Of eerie as you swim around

509
00:34:11,166 --> 00:34:14,761
these abandoned pieces Of decking
and rotting ropes.

510
00:34:24,086 --> 00:34:28,125
The Fang Ming was formerly
a working vessel in China,

511
00:34:28,206 --> 00:34:30,640
possibly a fishing vessel,

512
00:34:30,726 --> 00:34:33,957
and then she subsequently
crossed the Pacific

513
00:34:34,046 --> 00:34:37,322
carrying this cargo
Of Chinese migrant workers.

514
00:34:40,766 --> 00:34:42,040
NARRATOR: Lucy wants to find out

515
00:34:42,126 --> 00:34:45,675
where the Chinese workers
were kept during the crossing.

516
00:34:51,646 --> 00:34:54,240
LUCY: Wow! You first.

517
00:35:00,646 --> 00:35:03,524
It's like walking into
a deserted building.

518
00:35:06,886 --> 00:35:10,595
It feels a little bit like
a slavery ship Or a prison.

519
00:35:12,766 --> 00:35:15,963
NARRATOR: This was meant
to carry boxes of fish.

520
00:35:18,406 --> 00:35:21,239
Instead, in this tiny, dark space,

521
00:35:21,326 --> 00:35:25,114
88 men and seven women
were kept for weeks at sea.

522
00:35:28,366 --> 00:35:31,995
Imagine what it would have been like
all crammed in here.

523
00:35:33,806 --> 00:35:36,240
It must have been quite horrific.

524
00:35:36,726 --> 00:35:40,605
Apparently, there were actually people
employed On the boat to control them,

525
00:35:40,686 --> 00:35:43,837
to keep them crammed
in these confined quarters.

526
00:35:46,726 --> 00:35:49,763
NARRATOR: The Chinese workers were
just hours from their destination

527
00:35:49,846 --> 00:35:52,997
when the Fang Ming was seized
by the authorities.

528
00:35:54,766 --> 00:35:57,564
Everyone on board
was sent back to China.

529
00:36:01,286 --> 00:36:04,039
In 1 999 the Fang Ming was sunk,

530
00:36:04,126 --> 00:36:07,516
to become the first artificial reef
in Latin America.

531
00:36:08,566 --> 00:36:10,284
LUCY: All these Old pipes and walls

532
00:36:10,366 --> 00:36:15,918
have just been colonised by marine life,
so it's just completely taken it Over.

533
00:36:22,406 --> 00:36:24,044
NARRATOR: But for Lucy, the Fang Ming

534
00:36:24,126 --> 00:36:27,641
will always be a reminder
of a deeper human story.

535
00:36:30,206 --> 00:36:31,719
LUCY: You start to think about,
you know,

536
00:36:31,806 --> 00:36:34,684
they had reasons
to put their lives at risk in that way,

537
00:36:34,766 --> 00:36:38,441
to endure that experience
and it's sort Of representative

538
00:36:38,526 --> 00:36:42,314
Of migrant workers,
illegal immigrants, you know.

539
00:36:42,406 --> 00:36:46,558
The sea is providing an access
for people to move around the globe,

540
00:36:46,646 --> 00:36:50,116
for reasons that we wouldn’t have
necessarily seen in the past.

541
00:36:55,126 --> 00:36:57,356
NARRATOR: For anyone
navigating these waters,

542
00:36:57,446 --> 00:37:00,438
the weather can be
dangerously unpredictable.

543
00:37:07,086 --> 00:37:10,237
The expedition arrived
just after a hurricane

544
00:37:10,326 --> 00:37:13,124
and now the weather's threatening again.

545
00:37:17,806 --> 00:37:19,205
TOONI: Whoa!
LUCY: Hey!

546
00:37:20,766 --> 00:37:22,722
That's a bit Of a bolt.

547
00:37:22,806 --> 00:37:26,037
Yes, first time we've seen
this weather, isn't it?

548
00:37:26,126 --> 00:37:27,525
LUCY: Absolutely.

549
00:37:27,926 --> 00:37:30,042
Does that mean the hurricane's
coming back?

550
00:37:30,126 --> 00:37:31,605
PAUL: I checked with the captain
a couple Of hours ago

551
00:37:31,686 --> 00:37:32,835
and he said
the weather's going to be all right.

552
00:37:32,926 --> 00:37:36,396
The wind's going to pick up,
but no hurricane, he said.

553
00:37:37,606 --> 00:37:39,119
What about the thunder and lightning,

554
00:37:39,206 --> 00:37:40,719
where does that
fit into the whole equation?

555
00:37:40,806 --> 00:37:42,444
PAUL: He didn't mention it,
he just talked about wind.

556
00:37:42,526 --> 00:37:43,845
(ALL LAUGHING)

557
00:37:44,926 --> 00:37:46,723
LUCY: There's going to be no wind

558
00:37:46,806 --> 00:37:48,603
but we're going to be struck down
by lightning.

559
00:37:48,686 --> 00:37:51,758
Yeah. I don’t know, I'd better
check again. Yeah, amazing.

560
00:37:51,846 --> 00:37:54,918
LUCY: I didn't think it rained here...
Oh, my goodness.

561
00:37:55,566 --> 00:37:59,195
It's funny, I was just thinking about,
you know, a passage making brief,

562
00:37:59,286 --> 00:38:02,801
you know, get Ourselves Organised
for the big crossing.

563
00:38:03,286 --> 00:38:07,120
I'd better incorporate
some severe weather briefing, I think.

564
00:38:10,446 --> 00:38:12,402
NARRATOR: Paul was hoping to move north

565
00:38:12,486 --> 00:38:15,717
but because of the weather
the team is stuck here.

566
00:38:17,886 --> 00:38:20,002
PAUL: We really are, you know, squeaking

567
00:38:20,086 --> 00:38:22,919
every possible thing
into this expedition.

568
00:38:23,246 --> 00:38:26,955
We don’t really need too much
bad weather, that's for sure.

569
00:38:28,566 --> 00:38:32,525
SO we're going to anchor
for probably at least five hours

570
00:38:32,606 --> 00:38:36,599
and then, say, at 3:00 Or 4:00
in the morning, make way again.

571
00:38:36,686 --> 00:38:38,085
(THUNDER RUMBLING)

572
00:38:38,166 --> 00:38:39,565
(RAIN PELTING)

573
00:38:45,886 --> 00:38:49,561
NARRATOR: once the storm
has blown through, they set sail again.

574
00:38:54,126 --> 00:38:58,756
The team is heading north to meet one
of the most isolated tribes in Mexico.

575
00:38:59,486 --> 00:39:03,843
They're known as guardians of this sea
and Lucy's keen to find out why.

576
00:39:05,486 --> 00:39:08,683
This is the area where
the Seri Indians live

577
00:39:08,766 --> 00:39:12,441
so they're basically indigenous people
who live here and fish the seas

578
00:39:12,526 --> 00:39:14,482
and so it's that sort Of
symbiotic relationship

579
00:39:14,566 --> 00:39:17,603
between what's happening
around the edges Of the Ocean

580
00:39:17,686 --> 00:39:20,041
and the people that live there
and how they, sort Of,

581
00:39:20,126 --> 00:39:23,038
work with the Oceans
and fish the seas, etcetera.

582
00:39:28,206 --> 00:39:31,323
NARRATOR:
Just over 450 Series exist today.

583
00:39:33,606 --> 00:39:37,565
Lucy's been invited to see
their approach to managing this sea.

584
00:39:40,046 --> 00:39:42,082
PAUL: That must be Chap then, yeah?

585
00:39:42,166 --> 00:39:45,476
Chap, hello, Chap? My name is Paul.

586
00:39:46,526 --> 00:39:47,879
-Lucy.
-Lucy.

587
00:39:47,966 --> 00:39:49,638
Chap, thank you so much for your help.

588
00:39:49,726 --> 00:39:51,762
NARRATOR: Eighty-three-year-old
Chap Barnett

589
00:39:51,846 --> 00:39:54,076
is the village shaman or Holy Man.

590
00:39:55,326 --> 00:39:57,999
He still fishes with his son Raymond.

591
00:39:58,246 --> 00:39:59,884
Okay, thank you.

592
00:40:03,886 --> 00:40:07,162
NARRATOR: They work in a notorious area
called Hell's Channel,

593
00:40:07,246 --> 00:40:10,283
so Chap asks the sea gods
for a safe passage.

594
00:40:10,486 --> 00:40:12,283
(CHANTING)

595
00:40:12,366 --> 00:40:15,164
(NOISEMAKER RATTLING)

596
00:40:21,406 --> 00:40:24,716
Chap and Raymond
are going to collect scallops.

597
00:40:24,806 --> 00:40:27,525
Lucy wants to see how they go about it.

598
00:40:39,446 --> 00:40:42,438
LUCY: He's basically walking along
the seabed with the bag between his legs

599
00:40:42,526 --> 00:40:46,917
and it looks like he is gathering them
in the way that you might harvest crops.

600
00:40:49,126 --> 00:40:51,117
Quite a nice comparison,

601
00:40:51,246 --> 00:40:54,443
harvesting Of the land
and harvesting Of the sea.

602
00:40:57,846 --> 00:41:01,555
NARRATOR: In Just a few minutes,
Raymond has almost filled his bag,

603
00:41:01,646 --> 00:41:04,718
but the Series are careful
to manage the stocks.

604
00:41:05,206 --> 00:41:07,037
Well, I spoke to Raymond.

605
00:41:07,126 --> 00:41:10,357
He implied
that they basically do crop rotation.

606
00:41:10,766 --> 00:41:13,838
If they feel
that they're Over harvesting One area,

607
00:41:13,926 --> 00:41:17,077
they move to another area
and maybe fish Octopus,

608
00:41:17,166 --> 00:41:19,521
so the principle is sustainable.

609
00:41:20,806 --> 00:41:23,479
NARRATOR: This approach clearly works.

610
00:41:27,286 --> 00:41:32,041
In Hell's Channel, the scallop beds are
productive and healthy year after year,

611
00:41:32,126 --> 00:41:35,596
a stark contrast
to the rest of the Sea of Cortez,

612
00:41:35,686 --> 00:41:38,484
where shellfish production
is collapsing.

613
00:41:43,326 --> 00:41:45,760
-CHAPO: For you.
-Oh, thank you, sir.

614
00:41:46,526 --> 00:41:47,879
Thank you.

615
00:41:51,526 --> 00:41:54,040
-Mom, that is delicious.
-CHAPO: Yeah.

616
00:41:54,326 --> 00:41:58,638
I'm never going to cook a scallop again,
that is absolutely gorgeous.

617
00:41:59,646 --> 00:42:03,559
Oh, yeah, no kidding.
May been, thank you.

618
00:42:03,646 --> 00:42:04,965
Thank you.

619
00:42:07,806 --> 00:42:10,479
NARRATOR: The Seri Indians
demonstrate a technique

620
00:42:10,566 --> 00:42:14,400
that balances the needs of people
with the health of the sea.

621
00:42:14,966 --> 00:42:16,445
PAUL: Okay, anchor?

622
00:42:17,966 --> 00:42:19,718
LUCY: They are living in a modern world.

623
00:42:19,806 --> 00:42:24,118
They have to compete with
large commercial fishing Operations

624
00:42:24,206 --> 00:42:28,438
and yet they're also very aware that
the seas Only have a limited resource.

625
00:42:28,526 --> 00:42:31,882
They have to be farmed
in a way that is sustainable.

626
00:42:43,326 --> 00:42:45,396
NARRATOR: For the last target
of the expedition,

627
00:42:45,486 --> 00:42:48,080
the team aims to carry out
pioneering research

628
00:42:48,166 --> 00:42:50,999
on one of the planet's
largest carnivores.

629
00:42:52,486 --> 00:42:54,602
I've asked
a couple Of sperm whale scientists

630
00:42:54,686 --> 00:42:56,517
who work specifically
within the Sea Of Cortez

631
00:42:56,606 --> 00:42:59,518
to come and join us
for a few days On board.

632
00:43:01,086 --> 00:43:02,519
PAUL: How are you?

633
00:43:03,126 --> 00:43:06,835
NARRATOR: Dr Karin Acevedo-Whitehouse
and Dr Diane Gadroon

634
00:43:06,926 --> 00:43:08,803
are experts on whales.

635
00:43:09,606 --> 00:43:12,166
Welcome,
thanks for joining Our expedition.

636
00:43:12,246 --> 00:43:13,679
NARRATOR: With the scientists on board,

637
00:43:13,766 --> 00:43:15,677
the team prepares
for the challenge ahead.

638
00:43:15,766 --> 00:43:17,518
PAUL: I'll show you around.

639
00:43:17,606 --> 00:43:19,119
Sperm whales, that's all we care about.

640
00:43:19,206 --> 00:43:23,597
We can't even speak Or think
Or do anything clearly

641
00:43:23,686 --> 00:43:26,200
because we're full Of sperm whales.

642
00:43:27,486 --> 00:43:30,284
TOONI: There are certain experiences
that could stay with you

643
00:43:30,366 --> 00:43:31,560
for the rest Of your life

644
00:43:31,646 --> 00:43:35,525
and I think if we do manage
to snorkel with the sperm whales

645
00:43:35,606 --> 00:43:41,795
I don’t think I'd ever,
ever forget that. Ever.

646
00:43:44,726 --> 00:43:47,524
NARRATOR: Next morning,
the search begins.

647
00:43:48,406 --> 00:43:51,398
Relatively little is known
about sperm whales.

648
00:43:51,486 --> 00:43:54,478
They live far off shore
and are hard to find.

649
00:43:55,006 --> 00:43:57,361
Locating them is the first task.

650
00:43:58,446 --> 00:44:01,597
SO Our plan is to go
about another hour northeast

651
00:44:01,686 --> 00:44:05,156
and begin Our search pattern
and see what we can find.

652
00:44:08,086 --> 00:44:11,795
NARRATOR: Sperm whales dive
for up to 40 minutes at a time.

653
00:44:11,886 --> 00:44:14,605
Diane and Philippe are using
a directional microphone

654
00:44:14,686 --> 00:44:17,120
to try to track them underwater.

655
00:44:17,566 --> 00:44:20,558
Anything within this spectrum
Of the cone, it's going to pick up.

656
00:44:20,646 --> 00:44:22,364
Anything Outside, like here,
like my voice,

657
00:44:22,446 --> 00:44:26,280
which is quite loud right next to it,
it doesn’t pick up. It's pretty cool.

658
00:44:27,286 --> 00:44:29,402
Let's see what we can hear.

659
00:44:38,246 --> 00:44:42,444
NARRATOR: Sperm whales are amongst
the loudest animals in the world.

660
00:44:42,646 --> 00:44:47,401
Their clicks reach 220 decibels,
louder than a shotgun blast,

661
00:44:47,646 --> 00:44:50,797
so they can be heard
for many miles under water.

662
00:44:51,046 --> 00:44:53,241
SO you can hear
the sperm whales clicking.

663
00:44:53,326 --> 00:44:56,079
As soon as I turn it Off Of
where the sperm whales are,

664
00:44:56,166 --> 00:44:57,963
the sounds, the clicks go away.

665
00:44:58,046 --> 00:45:00,355
DIANE GENDRON: SO that way,
we know where to go, right?

666
00:45:00,446 --> 00:45:02,402
KARINA ACEVEDO-WHITEHOUSE:
Yeah, they are this way.

667
00:45:02,486 --> 00:45:03,555
PAUL: Rogers, that's all copied.

668
00:45:03,646 --> 00:45:06,683
SO do you have an estimate
On numbers in the group, Over?

669
00:45:06,766 --> 00:45:09,234
ROGER: Got a pretty broad sweep
all along the port side.

670
00:45:09,326 --> 00:45:11,521
It seems like there would be
more than one group.

671
00:45:11,606 --> 00:45:13,324
That's great news.

672
00:45:13,566 --> 00:45:18,959
Whales, we've actually come
right Onto a really large group,

673
00:45:19,046 --> 00:45:21,879
so we're timing this pretty perfectly.

674
00:45:22,686 --> 00:45:24,483
A very exciting time.

675
00:45:26,566 --> 00:45:29,126
NARRATOR: Lucy catches
the first glimpse.

676
00:45:29,206 --> 00:45:32,994
Oh, is it going to turn?
It's going, it's going, it's going.

677
00:45:35,086 --> 00:45:36,644
(LUCY EXCLAIMS HAPPILY)

678
00:45:43,726 --> 00:45:45,398
PAUL: Here we go, look.

679
00:45:46,246 --> 00:45:47,565
(PAUL WHOOPS)

680
00:45:47,726 --> 00:45:51,924
Did you see that? I hope
these guys saw it as well. A fluke.

681
00:45:55,286 --> 00:45:57,163
A big fluke!

682
00:45:57,726 --> 00:46:00,160
You couldn’t book him, could you?

683
00:46:01,926 --> 00:46:05,601
NARRATOR: This is the team's chance
to take a closer look.

684
00:46:06,406 --> 00:46:08,874
Learning more about sperm whales
is important

685
00:46:08,966 --> 00:46:12,959
because they're a vital part
of the ocean's food chain,

686
00:46:13,046 --> 00:46:17,836
particularly here in the Sea of Cortez
where their main diet is Humboldt squid.

687
00:46:19,646 --> 00:46:23,116
We've decided to pop in the Pang
and kind Of get a bit closer

688
00:46:23,206 --> 00:46:25,037
and see how they respond
to us being around them

689
00:46:25,126 --> 00:46:27,686
and maybe getting in the water
with them.

690
00:46:27,766 --> 00:46:29,518
And we've got some dolphin escorts here

691
00:46:29,606 --> 00:46:31,642
that are swimming right around
the Pang, right next to us.

692
00:46:31,726 --> 00:46:34,559
You could almost reach Out
and touch them.

693
00:46:38,366 --> 00:46:41,005
NARRATOR: Then the moment
Toni’s been waiting for.

694
00:46:41,086 --> 00:46:43,042
TOONI: Oh, my goodness, look at these.

695
00:46:43,126 --> 00:46:45,879
NARRATOR: The whales rise up to breathe.

696
00:46:48,646 --> 00:46:50,682
Part Of the challenge
in studying these animals

697
00:46:50,766 --> 00:46:54,520
is that you really Only get
the briefest glimpse Of their lifecycle

698
00:46:54,606 --> 00:46:56,722
by witnessing them Only On the surface,

699
00:46:56,806 --> 00:46:58,797
so the Opportunity to try
and get underwater

700
00:46:58,886 --> 00:47:01,241
and film them is very important.

701
00:47:02,686 --> 00:47:04,802
NARRATOR:
But that's not going to be easy.

702
00:47:04,886 --> 00:47:06,205
TOONI: NO, he's diving.

703
00:47:06,286 --> 00:47:07,435
PHILIPPE: NO, he's diving.

704
00:47:07,526 --> 00:47:08,561
(TOONI LAUGHING)

705
00:47:08,646 --> 00:47:09,795
Gone.

706
00:47:10,766 --> 00:47:13,360
Seeing as it's the deepest
diving mammal On Our planet,

707
00:47:13,446 --> 00:47:15,755
we could be here for some time.

708
00:47:18,886 --> 00:47:23,437
NARRATOR: Sperm whales can dive
to over 2,000 metres

709
00:47:23,526 --> 00:47:28,316
so until they re-surface, studying them
underwater will be out of the question.

710
00:47:30,246 --> 00:47:33,921
Right, we do Our absolute utmost
to get to swim with sperm whales

711
00:47:34,006 --> 00:47:36,998
and as soon as they see us,
they're just like, ''You know what?

712
00:47:37,086 --> 00:47:38,235
''I'm not interested today,''

713
00:47:38,326 --> 00:47:41,238
and that's it,
with One flick Of the tail...

714
00:47:42,046 --> 00:47:43,161
Gone.

715
00:47:49,326 --> 00:47:53,239
NARRATOR: Lucy and Karin want to
find out how healthy these whales are.

716
00:47:53,326 --> 00:47:54,645
Good luck!

717
00:47:56,726 --> 00:48:00,355
NARRATOR: Their sheer size makes
taking blood virtually impossible,

718
00:48:00,446 --> 00:48:02,562
so Karin is the first scientist

719
00:48:02,646 --> 00:48:06,480
to try to capture a sample
of the whale's breath in the wild.

720
00:48:12,326 --> 00:48:15,318
KARINA: SO we take the lids Off,
basically, Once we are really close.

721
00:48:15,406 --> 00:48:18,000
Well, actually, we are very close.

722
00:48:20,646 --> 00:48:23,285
NARRATOR: Germs in the whale's breath
will tell Karin

723
00:48:23,366 --> 00:48:26,244
if they have any infections
in their lungs.

724
00:48:32,526 --> 00:48:35,279
But taking a sample
is easier said than done

725
00:48:35,366 --> 00:48:39,644
as the sample dishes have to be held
right over the whale's blowhole.

726
00:48:43,046 --> 00:48:44,718
Oh, no!

727
00:48:50,326 --> 00:48:51,998
NO!

728
00:48:55,166 --> 00:49:00,240
TOONI: Please, please, don’t.
NO, no, no, no, no, no, no.

729
00:49:01,006 --> 00:49:03,998
Oh, how very disappointing.

730
00:49:05,806 --> 00:49:07,285
-Reel her back in.
-Next time.

731
00:49:07,366 --> 00:49:08,924
Yes, next time.

732
00:49:11,286 --> 00:49:14,358
NARRATOR: They fail to capture
a single sample.

733
00:49:15,166 --> 00:49:17,680
But Karin has an ingenious plan B.

734
00:49:20,566 --> 00:49:21,635
PAUL: Oh, wow!

735
00:49:21,726 --> 00:49:23,921
What a superb looking thing.

736
00:49:24,686 --> 00:49:27,758
It's a fabulous idea
to link science collecting

737
00:49:27,846 --> 00:49:29,882
with a small miniature helicopter.

738
00:49:29,966 --> 00:49:31,035
Wow!

739
00:49:33,086 --> 00:49:34,838
NARRATOR: With sample dishes attached,

740
00:49:34,926 --> 00:49:37,804
the helicopter can fly
straight through the whale's breath

741
00:49:37,886 --> 00:49:39,877
without disturbing them.

742
00:49:42,086 --> 00:49:45,761
But pilot Augustine Pane has
strong winds to contend with.

743
00:49:53,846 --> 00:49:57,156
AUGUSTINE: Oh, the wind, the wind,
the wind. NO problem.

744
00:50:00,286 --> 00:50:02,925
It's a very tricky thing to fly this.

745
00:50:03,606 --> 00:50:05,562
We're moving up On some whales
right now,

746
00:50:05,646 --> 00:50:08,479
nice and slowly to parallel their course

747
00:50:08,726 --> 00:50:12,241
and then he can swing this in
and collect a sample Of the blow

748
00:50:12,326 --> 00:50:14,601
so it's all a matter Of timing.

749
00:50:15,086 --> 00:50:17,520
GO, Augustine, it's perfect, man!

750
00:50:21,366 --> 00:50:22,685
GO, buddy!

751
00:50:25,006 --> 00:50:27,474
Just a bit further Out, Augustine.

752
00:50:29,686 --> 00:50:32,678
He's going to dive.
Yeah, can you believe it?

753
00:50:35,766 --> 00:50:39,554
NARRATOR: Toni and Philippe
aren't having much luck, either.

754
00:50:40,046 --> 00:50:42,162
TOONI: I think there's a whole load
Of sonar conversations

755
00:50:42,246 --> 00:50:43,964
going On down there at the moment,

756
00:50:44,046 --> 00:50:46,082
which is basically the sperm whales
telling each Other

757
00:50:46,166 --> 00:50:50,318
there is a bunch Of wannabes
knocking around On a boat

758
00:50:50,406 --> 00:50:53,079
and to get the heck Out Of here.

759
00:50:53,166 --> 00:50:57,000
You can just see them.
They're all just diving all around us.

760
00:50:57,486 --> 00:51:00,046
PAUL: Okay, Augustine,
get in there, buddy.

761
00:51:01,126 --> 00:51:02,764
NARRATOR: Despite the strong winds,

762
00:51:02,846 --> 00:51:05,918
they're finally getting closer
with the helicopter.

763
00:51:06,006 --> 00:51:07,962
PAUL: Good man, get in there.

764
00:51:08,046 --> 00:51:10,037
Forward, mate.

765
00:51:10,126 --> 00:51:11,605
Now, now.

766
00:51:12,806 --> 00:51:13,955
(PAUL WHOOPS)

767
00:51:15,726 --> 00:51:18,035
That's the sample, he's got it.

768
00:51:18,366 --> 00:51:20,755
NARRATOR: The germs caught in the dish
will help reveal

769
00:51:20,846 --> 00:51:25,124
more information about the health
of the sperm whale population here.

770
00:51:26,846 --> 00:51:27,881
PAUL: Well done, that's perfect.

771
00:51:27,966 --> 00:51:29,922
AUGUSTINE: Can you...
PAUL: Yeah. Okay.

772
00:51:30,006 --> 00:51:32,566
NARRATOR: And with each sample
so hard to collect,

773
00:51:32,646 --> 00:51:35,843
this one will be important
for Karin’s research.

774
00:51:35,966 --> 00:51:39,117
-Thank you.
-Perfect, thanks very much.

775
00:51:40,206 --> 00:51:41,605
KARINA: Okay, that was a good sample.

776
00:51:41,686 --> 00:51:44,484
PAUL: And what is it that you’re
specifically looking for with these?

777
00:51:44,566 --> 00:51:48,161
KARINA: Micro-bacteria, for example,
the agent that can cause tuberculosis.

778
00:51:48,246 --> 00:51:52,558
Haemophilic. That's a very common germ
that causes infection in the lungs.

779
00:51:52,646 --> 00:51:54,841
It can cause severe problems,
even meningitis.

780
00:51:54,926 --> 00:51:57,724
It's just a list Of germs to start with.

781
00:51:59,286 --> 00:52:00,765
NARRATOR: Karin’s early findings

782
00:52:00,846 --> 00:52:04,441
suggest whales could have caught
some of these bacteria from humans,

783
00:52:04,526 --> 00:52:06,881
perhaps through activities
like whale watching.

784
00:52:06,966 --> 00:52:08,763
PAUL: Ready?
KARINA: Okay, go.

785
00:52:09,606 --> 00:52:14,157
Her groundbreaking work has highlighted
this problem for the first time.

786
00:52:14,246 --> 00:52:18,239
It might be an important development
in protecting sperm whales.

787
00:52:19,566 --> 00:52:23,036
Look, One, two, three, four...

788
00:52:24,246 --> 00:52:26,043
NARRATOR: After almost five hours

789
00:52:26,126 --> 00:52:29,402
the whales finally seem to be
staying at the surface.

790
00:52:29,486 --> 00:52:33,274
Philippe and Toni are desperate
to observe them underwater.

791
00:52:33,766 --> 00:52:35,040
I'm Off.

792
00:53:02,206 --> 00:53:04,845
TOONI: There's five sperm whales
down there.

793
00:53:15,006 --> 00:53:18,521
NARRATOR: The large females
in this group are over nine metres long

794
00:53:18,606 --> 00:53:21,325
and can weigh more than 1 2 tons each.

795
00:53:37,966 --> 00:53:40,116
Now you can see
how they just turn around

796
00:53:40,206 --> 00:53:43,562
and touch Other and so, so social.

797
00:53:46,086 --> 00:53:49,795
NARRATOR: The whales are socialising.
This is a rare sight.

798
00:53:52,286 --> 00:53:54,675
It suggests their food stocks
are plentiful

799
00:53:54,766 --> 00:53:57,963
as they can afford
to take time out from hunting.

800
00:54:02,446 --> 00:54:04,676
It shows the explosion of Humboldt squid

801
00:54:04,766 --> 00:54:07,644
might actually be benefiting
these animals.

802
00:54:12,406 --> 00:54:15,876
Suddenly Diane spots something
astonishing at the surface.

803
00:54:15,966 --> 00:54:17,285
(DIANE WHOOPS)

804
00:54:18,126 --> 00:54:19,844
DIANE: That's a big male.

805
00:54:20,646 --> 00:54:22,284
This is amazing.

806
00:54:23,766 --> 00:54:27,122
NARRATOR: A large, mature male
has Joined the group.

807
00:54:28,286 --> 00:54:32,279
This giant in the centre of the pack
could weigh over 40 tons.

808
00:54:33,366 --> 00:54:37,837
Male sperm whales have the largest brain
of any animal that's ever lived.

809
00:54:39,366 --> 00:54:41,084
DIANE: We don’t see that every day.

810
00:54:41,166 --> 00:54:44,317
NO, seriously, this is... You’re lucky.

811
00:54:45,286 --> 00:54:46,765
It's a treat.

812
00:54:59,726 --> 00:55:02,081
NARRATOR: Adult males
usually live in small groups

813
00:55:02,166 --> 00:55:04,555
in the cold waters around the poles,

814
00:55:04,646 --> 00:55:07,558
so this one has probably
come here to breed.

815
00:55:11,126 --> 00:55:13,879
After a short time,
he grows sexually aroused

816
00:55:13,966 --> 00:55:16,321
and starts courting the females.

817
00:55:19,606 --> 00:55:22,245
This behaviour is seldom seen

818
00:55:22,326 --> 00:55:25,159
and it shows how important
the Sea of Cortez is

819
00:55:25,246 --> 00:55:27,919
as a breeding ground for sperm whales.

820
00:55:37,246 --> 00:55:40,318
More than any other,
this dive has illustrated

821
00:55:40,406 --> 00:55:44,240
why the health of this sea
is so vital to the life within it.

822
00:55:59,646 --> 00:56:01,238
I'm blown away.

823
00:56:01,326 --> 00:56:03,556
I must be One Of the luckiest people
On the planet right now.

824
00:56:03,646 --> 00:56:07,798
There just aren't words to explain
how incredible that feeling is.

825
00:56:07,886 --> 00:56:09,638
I got sonar boomed.

826
00:56:09,806 --> 00:56:14,277
I heard and felt that pulse just, boom,
going right through my body,

827
00:56:14,366 --> 00:56:18,245
as it was doing the kind Of X-ray scan
Of what the heck I was.

828
00:56:18,446 --> 00:56:19,925
I want a hug.

829
00:56:25,086 --> 00:56:27,202
Oh, man, I felt like crying.

830
00:56:28,086 --> 00:56:29,644
Which is a really strange reaction,

831
00:56:29,726 --> 00:56:32,763
but you feel like crying
when you watch them.

832
00:56:35,566 --> 00:56:38,638
NARRATOR: It's a spectacular end
to the expedition.

833
00:56:38,726 --> 00:56:39,920
How was it?

834
00:56:40,006 --> 00:56:42,964
Oh, my God, it was fantastic!
Paul, Lucy...

835
00:56:43,046 --> 00:56:45,162
NARRATOR: A voyage that's offered
a remarkable window

836
00:56:45,246 --> 00:56:47,396
into the world of our changing oceans.

837
00:56:47,486 --> 00:56:49,681
PAUL: Well done, well done indeed.

838
00:56:53,166 --> 00:56:58,479
The Sea Of Cortez is a place in flux
and there's so many things we don’t know

839
00:56:58,566 --> 00:57:01,638
and so many things
that we're doing carelessly,

840
00:57:01,726 --> 00:57:04,763
and what is that doing
to the natural balance?

841
00:57:05,126 --> 00:57:09,324
NARRATOR: This sea has revealed
how destructive man's impact can be.

842
00:57:11,006 --> 00:57:14,840
But it's also shown us we can live
in harmony with the ocean.

843
00:57:19,886 --> 00:57:24,437
And that in the face of great change,
life can adapt and even thrive.

844
00:57:27,966 --> 00:57:34,041
The Sea Of Cortez at the moment still
seems to be an incredibly rich place

845
00:57:34,126 --> 00:57:35,684
so, yes, it's changing,

846
00:57:35,766 --> 00:57:40,442
but I personally feel like the sea
finds its Own equilibrium.

847
00:57:43,646 --> 00:57:47,719
NARRATOR: This shifting balance
will create winners and losers,

848
00:57:47,806 --> 00:57:51,196
but as yet it's impossible
to predict who they'll be.

849
00:57:59,566 --> 00:58:03,354
Next time, the team braves
the wild Southern ocean

850
00:58:05,806 --> 00:58:08,604
and explores
its unique underwater world.

851
00:58:09,486 --> 00:58:12,319
TOONI: Very, very strange creatures,
aren't they?

852
00:58:12,606 --> 00:58:15,484
NARRATOR: Parts are warming
twice as fast as other oceans,

853
00:58:15,566 --> 00:58:18,000
pushing marine life to the brink.

854
00:58:18,166 --> 00:58:20,282
The expedition sees what can be done.

855
00:58:20,366 --> 00:58:23,085
Oh, it's lobster everywhere!