1 00:00:03,373 --> 00:00:05,933 NARRATOR: They cover two thirds of our planet, 2 00:00:08,333 --> 00:00:11,291 they hold clues to the mysteries of our past 3 00:00:13,213 --> 00:00:16,011 and they're vital for our future survival, 4 00:00:19,133 --> 00:00:23,206 but the secrets of our oceans have remained largely undiscovered. 5 00:00:23,933 --> 00:00:26,401 PAUL ROSE: I am with a six gill shark. 6 00:00:26,493 --> 00:00:28,245 Yes, yes! 7 00:00:29,533 --> 00:00:33,242 NARRATOR: Explorer Paul Rose is leading a team of ocean experts 8 00:00:33,333 --> 00:00:36,530 on a series of underwater science expeditions. 9 00:00:38,173 --> 00:00:41,051 For a year, the team has voyaged across the world 10 00:00:41,133 --> 00:00:44,091 to build up a global picture of our seas. 11 00:00:44,573 --> 00:00:47,371 PHILIPPE COUSTEAU: We are doing some pretty uncharted research here. 12 00:00:47,453 --> 00:00:50,251 LUCY BLUE: That is psychedelically purple! 13 00:00:50,333 --> 00:00:53,643 We're here to try and understand the earth's oceans, 14 00:00:53,733 --> 00:00:55,963 and put them in a human scale. 15 00:00:58,293 --> 00:01:01,410 NARRATOR: Our oceans are changing faster than ever. 16 00:01:01,493 --> 00:01:04,087 TOONI MAHTO: I’ve never seen ice like this before. 17 00:01:05,613 --> 00:01:08,081 NARRATOR: There's never been a better time to explore 18 00:01:08,173 --> 00:01:10,687 the last true wilderness on earth. 19 00:01:23,653 --> 00:01:26,725 We're about to see one of the most remarkable creatures 20 00:01:26,813 --> 00:01:28,610 in the Indian Ocean. 21 00:01:28,693 --> 00:01:31,332 This is the only way we can get there. 22 00:01:31,813 --> 00:01:33,531 Dive of a lifetime. 23 00:01:34,653 --> 00:01:36,484 It won't be Very easy. 24 00:01:41,733 --> 00:01:43,371 NARRATOR: This expedition will explore 25 00:01:43,453 --> 00:01:46,411 the third largest body of water on earth, 26 00:01:46,493 --> 00:01:48,131 the Indian Ocean. 27 00:01:49,773 --> 00:01:52,082 More than 6,000 miles wide, 28 00:01:52,173 --> 00:01:55,324 it covers 1 3% of the world's surface. 29 00:01:57,013 --> 00:02:00,164 It's home to 5,000 species of fish, 30 00:02:00,253 --> 00:02:02,483 many unique to this sea. 31 00:02:06,493 --> 00:02:08,609 But it's an ocean on the edge. 32 00:02:08,693 --> 00:02:11,924 Global pressures like climate change and over-fishing 33 00:02:12,013 --> 00:02:14,686 threaten to push it to a tipping point. 34 00:02:21,293 --> 00:02:24,012 The team has come to the Western Indian Ocean 35 00:02:24,093 --> 00:02:27,244 to find out what effect these changes are having. 36 00:02:31,333 --> 00:02:34,450 Environmentalist Philippe Cousteau is the grandson 37 00:02:34,533 --> 00:02:37,172 of ocean pioneer Jacques Cousteau. 38 00:02:37,253 --> 00:02:41,929 He'll be investigating the threat to one of these waters’ greatest predators. 39 00:02:43,253 --> 00:02:46,962 By removing them in such large numbers, that has drastic impacts 40 00:02:47,053 --> 00:02:49,567 on all the other species underneath it. 41 00:02:49,653 --> 00:02:53,441 NARRATOR: Maritime archaeologist Dr Lucy Blue will experience 42 00:02:53,533 --> 00:02:56,684 the treacherous effects of the unpredictable currents here. 43 00:02:57,333 --> 00:03:00,643 LUCY: She hit this reef behind us, and then broke her back. 44 00:03:01,493 --> 00:03:05,122 NARRATOR: And marine biologist and oceanographer Toni Math 45 00:03:05,213 --> 00:03:09,001 will explore what can be done to save this pristine wilderness. 46 00:03:09,093 --> 00:03:13,325 TOONI: What we're looking at here is almost the Indian Ocean equivalent 47 00:03:13,413 --> 00:03:15,131 of a garden centre. 48 00:03:18,533 --> 00:03:22,765 NARRATOR: The expedition begins off the southern coast of Mozambique. 49 00:03:23,493 --> 00:03:25,131 Paul and Toni have come here 50 00:03:25,213 --> 00:03:29,126 in search of the largest population of manta rays in the world. 51 00:03:32,693 --> 00:03:37,050 We actually stand a chance here of being right alongside 52 00:03:37,133 --> 00:03:41,126 or underneath or right with these huge mantas. 53 00:03:41,213 --> 00:03:43,443 I mean, some of them are about five or six metres. 54 00:03:43,533 --> 00:03:44,727 -Eight metres. -And there's talk of... 55 00:03:44,813 --> 00:03:46,724 Eight metres. I'm going for a giant eight-metre one. 56 00:03:46,813 --> 00:03:49,805 Yeah? Eight metres across, this is a huge fish. 57 00:03:49,893 --> 00:03:52,248 (LAUGHING) And it's Very exciting indeed. 58 00:03:53,533 --> 00:03:56,843 NARRATOR: The team's been brought here by a mystery. 59 00:03:59,453 --> 00:04:01,967 Seventy-six percent of the manta rays here 60 00:04:02,053 --> 00:04:04,442 have been attacked by sharks. 61 00:04:04,533 --> 00:04:07,889 Attacks that should have decimated their numbers. 62 00:04:07,973 --> 00:04:10,009 So how have they survived? 63 00:04:11,213 --> 00:04:12,965 Ready, ready, ready. 64 00:04:16,533 --> 00:04:18,808 PAUL: This is a beautiful site. 65 00:04:25,573 --> 00:04:28,133 Just the Visibility is a little bit murky. 66 00:04:28,213 --> 00:04:32,445 It means that there's a chance that this water is Very plankton-rich. 67 00:04:36,253 --> 00:04:39,450 NARRATOR: Here, close to the edge of the continental shelf, 68 00:04:39,533 --> 00:04:43,845 the plankton is fed by nutrient-rich water welling up from the deep. 69 00:04:45,373 --> 00:04:48,126 It helps support an entire ecosystem, 70 00:04:48,213 --> 00:04:50,807 everything from giant potato groupers 71 00:04:53,053 --> 00:04:55,044 to poisonous lionfish. 72 00:04:59,693 --> 00:05:03,766 Toni spots a sign they're in the right place to find mantas. 73 00:05:03,853 --> 00:05:08,131 This is a very particular environment, a cleaning station. 74 00:05:08,733 --> 00:05:11,327 The clue, these tiny fish. 75 00:05:12,573 --> 00:05:15,326 TOONI: There's a whole load of small cleaner wrasse that are waiting here. 76 00:05:15,413 --> 00:05:18,485 They're Very small, black and white-striped fish. 77 00:05:21,333 --> 00:05:24,530 And they're waiting here until the mantas actually come here, 78 00:05:24,613 --> 00:05:28,686 so they can go up to their skin and pick off all of the parasites, 79 00:05:28,773 --> 00:05:31,412 which apparently feels really good on the mantas, as well. 80 00:05:31,493 --> 00:05:33,848 They seem to like the sensation. 81 00:05:33,933 --> 00:05:37,005 So it's a bit like going for hair and make-up, 82 00:05:37,093 --> 00:05:39,368 and a massage at the same time. 83 00:05:42,933 --> 00:05:44,730 Looking for mantas. 84 00:05:45,973 --> 00:05:49,443 I'm waiting for one to just sneak up on us from behind. 85 00:05:50,253 --> 00:05:54,166 I keep imagining that I'm seeing them coming out of the gloom. 86 00:05:56,213 --> 00:05:58,488 Toni, there's a manta! Come on. 87 00:05:58,973 --> 00:06:02,090 TOONI: (Exclaiming) Oh, my goodness! 88 00:06:02,173 --> 00:06:04,562 (LAUGHING) Oh, my goodness. 89 00:06:04,653 --> 00:06:06,723 Boy, he's a whopper, Toni. 90 00:06:07,893 --> 00:06:10,361 TOONI: That is beautiful! 91 00:06:15,613 --> 00:06:17,569 Oh, my, so elegant. 92 00:06:17,653 --> 00:06:19,450 (PAUL LAUGHING) 93 00:06:19,533 --> 00:06:21,603 NARRATOR: The largest of the ocean's rays, 94 00:06:21,693 --> 00:06:24,969 mantas weigh up to one-and-a-half tons. 95 00:06:25,053 --> 00:06:27,692 Yet they fly gracefully through the water 96 00:06:27,773 --> 00:06:30,082 using their wing-like fins. 97 00:06:31,013 --> 00:06:35,404 TOONI: They are bizarre-looking, with the horns at the front 98 00:06:35,493 --> 00:06:38,246 that gave them their name, the devil ray. 99 00:06:42,093 --> 00:06:46,325 NARRATOR: The horns can unroll to funnel food into the manta's mouth. 100 00:06:48,013 --> 00:06:49,890 As the water passes through, 101 00:06:49,973 --> 00:06:53,010 spongy tissue traps the plankton they feed on. 102 00:06:56,413 --> 00:06:59,769 But this one shows no sign of a shark bite, 103 00:06:59,853 --> 00:07:04,688 so it provides no clue as to how so many mantas survive these attacks, 104 00:07:05,613 --> 00:07:07,524 and time has run out. 105 00:07:08,333 --> 00:07:11,245 TOONI: We're both low on air, we’ve both got 50 bar, 106 00:07:11,333 --> 00:07:13,369 so we need to leave the bottom. 107 00:07:13,453 --> 00:07:16,923 Unfortunately, in man Versus manta, 108 00:07:17,013 --> 00:07:19,129 manta gets to win this one. 109 00:07:22,813 --> 00:07:25,281 TOONI: Ready for me? PHILIPPE: Yep. 110 00:07:27,853 --> 00:07:33,849 There was a whopper behind Toni, and then we didn't see any more. 111 00:07:35,453 --> 00:07:38,286 NARRATOR: They have located a manta cleaning station, 112 00:07:38,373 --> 00:07:41,524 but they still haven't found what they're looking for. 113 00:07:41,613 --> 00:07:45,925 The manta that we did see didn't have any injuries at all, 114 00:07:46,013 --> 00:07:49,289 and it's actually specifically the injuries that I'm really interested 115 00:07:49,373 --> 00:07:51,967 in going and having a look at. 116 00:07:52,053 --> 00:07:56,490 NARRATOR: With the light fading, they decide to try again in the morning. 117 00:08:01,933 --> 00:08:05,084 next day, weather and sea conditions are perfect, 118 00:08:08,893 --> 00:08:10,531 but Toni’s not. 119 00:08:10,613 --> 00:08:11,887 Oh, God. 120 00:08:13,973 --> 00:08:15,372 (RETCHING) 121 00:08:16,293 --> 00:08:17,487 I'm feeling really ropey, 122 00:08:17,573 --> 00:08:18,972 and I think I’ve either got a stomach bug 123 00:08:19,053 --> 00:08:21,851 or something or other, but... 124 00:08:23,933 --> 00:08:27,050 NARRATOR: Being sick underwater could be deadly. 125 00:08:27,133 --> 00:08:30,250 With the masks we're using, which are full face masks, 126 00:08:30,333 --> 00:08:33,166 where the air comes from is right down in the front. 127 00:08:33,253 --> 00:08:37,451 And if someone was to throw up in them, uh, you know, just that... 128 00:08:37,533 --> 00:08:39,649 Then there's a reflex inhalation, isn't there? 129 00:08:39,733 --> 00:08:41,246 You just can't... When if... 130 00:08:41,333 --> 00:08:44,405 You breathe in. That reflex inhalation, which can't be controlled, 131 00:08:44,493 --> 00:08:47,166 would bring stuff back into the throat. 132 00:08:47,573 --> 00:08:50,804 PAUL: There's a chance of being brought to the surface unconscious, 133 00:08:50,893 --> 00:08:54,647 but she's experienced enough to know that she just can't push it. 134 00:08:54,733 --> 00:08:56,530 I think you should probably go, and I'll... 135 00:08:56,613 --> 00:08:59,525 -PAUL: Okay, yeah. -I'll sit this one out. 136 00:09:00,373 --> 00:09:03,410 I know we saw the mantas yesterday, but we didn't... 137 00:09:03,493 --> 00:09:07,406 We didn't see specifically what it was that we came to see. 138 00:09:07,493 --> 00:09:12,123 And I’ve read about this for years, and I'd be really interested to see... 139 00:09:12,893 --> 00:09:15,965 To see the mantas and their cleaning behaviour. 140 00:09:16,733 --> 00:09:20,726 It's just... It's just frustrating, it's just really frustrating. 141 00:09:23,093 --> 00:09:25,561 NARRATOR: It's all up to Paul to find out what helps 142 00:09:25,653 --> 00:09:27,405 the injured mantas survive. 143 00:09:27,493 --> 00:09:29,529 PAUL: One, two, three, go! 144 00:09:36,453 --> 00:09:40,048 NARRATOR: This time, the elusive mantas turn up straight away. 145 00:09:40,613 --> 00:09:42,046 Look at this! 146 00:09:46,773 --> 00:09:48,286 Look at him go! 147 00:09:49,093 --> 00:09:51,687 Effortless but incredibly fast. 148 00:09:55,493 --> 00:09:59,452 What's really fascinating is that the whole life on this reef changes 149 00:10:00,133 --> 00:10:02,283 when the mantas come and go. 150 00:10:03,013 --> 00:10:05,607 All the attention is focused on them. 151 00:10:08,853 --> 00:10:12,163 There's a shark bite, right there at the Very back. 152 00:10:13,933 --> 00:10:17,130 NARRATOR: A shark attack like this is often fatal. 153 00:10:18,293 --> 00:10:19,692 Oh, there's another one. 154 00:10:19,773 --> 00:10:23,083 This one has two big bites out of the back end. 155 00:10:24,453 --> 00:10:27,047 NARRATOR: no one's sure why so many of these mantas 156 00:10:27,133 --> 00:10:29,693 have been attacked by sharks, 157 00:10:29,773 --> 00:10:33,368 but the location of their wounds is less of a mystery. 158 00:10:33,453 --> 00:10:35,728 The manta's eyes are on the side of its head, 159 00:10:35,813 --> 00:10:38,532 leaving a blind spot directly behind. 160 00:10:38,613 --> 00:10:41,286 Exactly where the shark's taken a bite. 161 00:10:42,173 --> 00:10:44,209 I'm going to stay still here 162 00:10:45,013 --> 00:10:47,129 to see if he'll come my way. 163 00:10:48,733 --> 00:10:50,291 Here he comes. 164 00:10:53,053 --> 00:10:55,772 Just look how big he is compared to me. 165 00:10:57,973 --> 00:11:00,567 And look just how well he moves. 166 00:11:00,653 --> 00:11:04,089 And here's some cleaning. Can you see the cleaning going on? 167 00:11:04,173 --> 00:11:06,641 That's what I dreamed we would see. 168 00:11:17,213 --> 00:11:21,525 NARRATOR: The yellow butterfly fish and the moon wrasse clean the wounds, 169 00:11:21,613 --> 00:11:24,047 removing dead and infected tissue. 170 00:11:28,173 --> 00:11:31,563 It's a bit like pulling into a hospital and having your wounds dressed. 171 00:11:31,653 --> 00:11:33,769 It stops infection forming. 172 00:11:42,293 --> 00:11:46,411 NARRATOR: More and more mantas arrive to have their wounds treated. 173 00:11:47,493 --> 00:11:51,008 This could be why they're so resilient to shark attacks, 174 00:11:55,373 --> 00:11:59,161 a cleaning station with fish that target the shark wounds. 175 00:12:04,613 --> 00:12:06,808 Behaviour that's rarely seen. 176 00:12:22,013 --> 00:12:24,129 PAUL: Really, really marvellous. 177 00:12:24,213 --> 00:12:27,171 And then here comes this huge white manta. 178 00:12:27,253 --> 00:12:28,447 It just kind of came over me, 179 00:12:28,533 --> 00:12:33,288 shark wounds on the back end, and it was smothered in cleaner fish. 180 00:12:33,373 --> 00:12:35,409 Yeah, it was a great dive. 181 00:12:36,973 --> 00:12:39,567 NARRATOR: The cleaning station is a perfect example 182 00:12:39,653 --> 00:12:44,602 of how complex interactions make the world's marine ecosystems function. 183 00:12:45,733 --> 00:12:49,362 Every living thing here is vital to this ocean's health, 184 00:12:49,453 --> 00:12:53,446 right up to its most extreme predators, sharks. 185 00:13:01,493 --> 00:13:04,565 next, the team will investigate what's happening 186 00:13:04,653 --> 00:13:08,009 to shark populations in this ocean, 187 00:13:08,093 --> 00:13:12,086 because sharks have turned from the hunters into the hunted. 188 00:13:13,173 --> 00:13:15,209 Up until now, they have reigned supreme, 189 00:13:15,293 --> 00:13:18,683 and we are totally decimating their numbers. 190 00:13:18,773 --> 00:13:20,411 And as the apex predator, 191 00:13:20,493 --> 00:13:23,565 by removing them in such large numbers out of these areas, 192 00:13:23,653 --> 00:13:27,612 that has drastic impacts on all the other species underneath it. 193 00:13:30,133 --> 00:13:33,967 NARRATOR: Over-fishing means shark numbers are plummeting. 194 00:13:34,053 --> 00:13:36,203 Estimates suggest that each year 195 00:13:36,293 --> 00:13:40,081 as many as 73 million sharks are fished worldwide. 196 00:13:41,333 --> 00:13:45,326 Twenty-six shark species are now listed as critically endangered. 197 00:13:48,493 --> 00:13:51,451 Along this coast, shark fishing has grown dramatically 198 00:13:51,533 --> 00:13:53,489 over the past few years. 199 00:13:54,373 --> 00:13:57,729 Philippe and Lucy have come on land to find out more. 200 00:13:58,373 --> 00:14:01,524 PHILIPPE: This is Pomona in Mozambique. 201 00:14:01,613 --> 00:14:03,092 Lucy and I are here to try and figure out 202 00:14:03,173 --> 00:14:06,449 kind of exactly what's happening and why and how. 203 00:14:06,533 --> 00:14:08,410 And we're here early in the morning because this is the time 204 00:14:08,493 --> 00:14:11,690 they take the boats out to check their lines. 205 00:14:11,773 --> 00:14:15,561 NARRATOR: Little is known about shark fishing in this part of the world. 206 00:14:15,653 --> 00:14:18,804 It's a unique chance to investigate it firsthand. 207 00:14:20,133 --> 00:14:21,532 How many sharks does he catch? 208 00:14:21,613 --> 00:14:24,889 (SPEAKING FOREIGN LANGUAGE) 209 00:14:30,413 --> 00:14:32,369 Between three and seven. 210 00:14:33,013 --> 00:14:35,049 Wow. So, is he from here? 211 00:14:35,133 --> 00:14:37,249 -He's from Violoncellos. -Oh, he's from Violoncellos. 212 00:14:37,333 --> 00:14:38,652 And he came here five years ago to fish. 213 00:14:38,733 --> 00:14:39,802 Yeah, yeah. 214 00:14:39,893 --> 00:14:40,928 (INDISTINCT CHATTERING) 215 00:14:41,013 --> 00:14:44,244 NARRATOR: But Violoncellos is several hours away. 216 00:14:44,333 --> 00:14:46,847 These fishermen are not from here, 217 00:14:46,933 --> 00:14:50,050 and the locals have no history of shark fishing. 218 00:14:50,733 --> 00:14:52,689 This is something new. 219 00:14:54,693 --> 00:15:00,086 LUCY: These people have come or been brought here deliberately 220 00:15:00,173 --> 00:15:02,528 within some sort of structured organisation 221 00:15:02,613 --> 00:15:05,173 to specifically do this type of fishing, 222 00:15:05,253 --> 00:15:07,244 and that is most unusual. 223 00:15:07,653 --> 00:15:11,407 NARRATOR: The fishermen head out to check their three kilometres of line 224 00:15:11,493 --> 00:15:13,723 with its 65 separate hooks. 225 00:15:15,373 --> 00:15:19,491 This one boat can land up to 1,000 sharks in a single year. 226 00:15:34,493 --> 00:15:37,451 The fishermen return with their catch. 227 00:15:39,053 --> 00:15:42,284 PHILIPPE: Two males, a little blacktop reef shark. 228 00:15:46,813 --> 00:15:49,532 NARRATOR: Both sharks are extremely young. 229 00:15:51,893 --> 00:15:55,488 PHILIPPE: These aren't even anywhere near sexual maturity. 230 00:15:55,893 --> 00:15:58,168 -They're little baby reef sharks. -No, they are tiny. 231 00:15:58,253 --> 00:15:59,686 Maybe two years old, a year old maybe, I think. 232 00:15:59,773 --> 00:16:01,126 LUCY: Yeah. 233 00:16:01,853 --> 00:16:05,892 NARRATOR: Sharks don't start reproducing till they're several years old. 234 00:16:05,973 --> 00:16:09,045 When they do, most have few offspring, 235 00:16:09,133 --> 00:16:12,967 so catching young sharks like these is particularly worrying. 236 00:16:13,533 --> 00:16:15,728 The worst thing for me is the fact that they're so small, 237 00:16:15,813 --> 00:16:19,692 you know, they haven’t reached maturity, so there's no reproduction. 238 00:16:19,773 --> 00:16:23,686 It's just, that's the end of this particular lineage. 239 00:16:25,253 --> 00:16:28,529 NARRATOR: But why is this industry growing so fast? 240 00:16:31,773 --> 00:16:34,810 The fins are the most valued part of the catch. 241 00:16:36,053 --> 00:16:40,888 The essential ingredient in the Chinese delicacy shark fin soup, 242 00:16:42,213 --> 00:16:46,172 demand for which is growing rapidly. 243 00:16:52,573 --> 00:16:56,248 Oh, this is pretty barbaric, actually, when you see it here, now. 244 00:16:56,333 --> 00:17:02,966 It's (BLEEP). Look at this, this little pile of fins for soup. 245 00:17:03,733 --> 00:17:05,963 What a waste. It's disgusting. 246 00:17:08,373 --> 00:17:10,728 Look at this. I mean, the only reason they sell the meat 247 00:17:10,813 --> 00:17:12,132 is because they can get a few cents for it. 248 00:17:12,213 --> 00:17:14,602 I mean, it's worth nothing. 249 00:17:14,693 --> 00:17:18,083 The only reason they're doing this is for those fins. 250 00:17:19,373 --> 00:17:22,046 NARRATOR: And there's a huge incentive. 251 00:17:22,693 --> 00:17:25,571 PHILIPPE: How much will they sell those fins for? 252 00:17:25,653 --> 00:17:27,962 (STAMMERING) If they fish big one, 253 00:17:29,213 --> 00:17:31,852 bigger than the fish today, 254 00:17:31,933 --> 00:17:36,848 only the fins, they can make 50, 60 dollars. 255 00:17:37,173 --> 00:17:40,290 -Fifty, 60 dollars for just the fin? -Yeah. 256 00:17:40,373 --> 00:17:42,170 NARRATOR: In a country where most people live 257 00:17:42,253 --> 00:17:47,168 on less than a dollar a day, six sharks can provide a year's income. 258 00:17:48,413 --> 00:17:50,802 PHILIPPE: There you go. Merry Christmas. 259 00:17:50,893 --> 00:17:53,851 NARRATOR: The fishermen show off a recent catch. 260 00:17:53,933 --> 00:17:56,766 This pile of fins is worth a small fortune. 261 00:17:58,493 --> 00:17:59,892 PHILIPPE: Where do they go now? 262 00:17:59,973 --> 00:18:02,203 -It goes to Maputo. -Maputo, yeah. 263 00:18:02,293 --> 00:18:04,249 And then they go out. 264 00:18:05,213 --> 00:18:07,966 NARRATOR: According to the fishermen, the big money means that 265 00:18:08,053 --> 00:18:12,331 regulations to control the export of fins are being ignored, 266 00:18:13,173 --> 00:18:15,129 so the trade flourishes. 267 00:18:16,253 --> 00:18:18,050 Across the globe each year, 268 00:18:18,133 --> 00:18:21,011 millions of sharks continue to be wiped out. 269 00:18:22,293 --> 00:18:24,682 It's scary when you think that so few individuals can 270 00:18:24,773 --> 00:18:29,642 come into a community like this, and take out so many animals. 271 00:18:29,733 --> 00:18:32,930 -Yeah, yeah. It's scary. -I mean, over 1 ,000 animals a year... 272 00:18:33,013 --> 00:18:34,048 Yeah. 273 00:18:34,133 --> 00:18:35,771 ...come out of this little cove. I mean, this is not big. 274 00:18:35,853 --> 00:18:37,491 LUCY: Off four boats. I mean, that is just... 275 00:18:37,573 --> 00:18:38,642 It's shocking. 276 00:18:38,733 --> 00:18:40,007 And then when you think of what's going on 277 00:18:40,093 --> 00:18:42,971 around the other shores of the Indian Ocean. 278 00:18:46,053 --> 00:18:49,443 And to add insult to injury, shark fin has no flavour. 279 00:18:49,533 --> 00:18:53,845 They have to flavour the soup with chicken broth, for God sakes. 280 00:18:53,933 --> 00:18:55,889 I mean, it's just... It's ridiculous. 281 00:18:55,973 --> 00:18:58,362 It is absolutely ridiculous. 282 00:19:00,373 --> 00:19:02,762 NARRATOR: They've discovered that along this coast, 283 00:19:02,853 --> 00:19:07,324 shark fishing is an organised industry driven by fat profits. 284 00:19:08,253 --> 00:19:12,565 It's just one part of a global trade that's decimating species 285 00:19:12,653 --> 00:19:16,566 and disrupting the balance of life throughout the Indian Ocean. 286 00:19:22,333 --> 00:19:25,052 But over-fishing is not the only threat. 287 00:19:27,453 --> 00:19:30,013 A changing climate will impact the ocean, 288 00:19:30,093 --> 00:19:32,323 altering its weather patterns. 289 00:19:35,653 --> 00:19:39,362 These are dominated by heat transfer to and from the sea, 290 00:19:40,173 --> 00:19:43,449 but this is a complex process we know little about. 291 00:19:47,773 --> 00:19:50,970 To try and find out more, the expedition will take part 292 00:19:51,053 --> 00:19:54,762 in a huge project run by scientists around the world, 293 00:19:54,853 --> 00:19:57,287 including the British Met Office. 294 00:20:02,453 --> 00:20:04,808 They head north to the equator, 295 00:20:04,893 --> 00:20:08,203 where the heating effects of the sun have a powerful impact 296 00:20:08,293 --> 00:20:11,012 on the ocean and on the weather. 297 00:20:15,493 --> 00:20:19,645 There's no clearer example of the link between the oceans and the climate 298 00:20:19,733 --> 00:20:21,610 than a tropical storm. 299 00:20:36,653 --> 00:20:39,804 The energy in the Indian Ocean, here it is coming right at us. 300 00:20:39,893 --> 00:20:42,202 Maybe a bit more than we'd ideally want right now. 301 00:20:42,293 --> 00:20:43,726 -I don't know. -But it's definitely coming. 302 00:20:43,813 --> 00:20:46,247 This is a proper good pile of rain, 303 00:20:46,333 --> 00:20:48,210 and the sea's picking up a little bit. 304 00:20:50,333 --> 00:20:53,086 Heavens have opened, it's bucketing down. 305 00:20:53,773 --> 00:20:56,287 The captain advised us that this thing rolls quite a bit, 306 00:20:56,373 --> 00:20:58,045 and it's not unusual to have two feet of water 307 00:20:58,133 --> 00:21:00,601 swilling around on this deck, so... 308 00:21:05,413 --> 00:21:07,404 (THUNDER CRASHING) 309 00:21:07,493 --> 00:21:10,053 NARRATOR: Storms are powered by the constant exchange 310 00:21:10,133 --> 00:21:13,762 of heat and moisture between the ocean and the atmosphere, 311 00:21:15,013 --> 00:21:17,811 so understanding these processes is vital. 312 00:21:21,133 --> 00:21:23,124 I’ve got Goosebumps! 313 00:21:28,573 --> 00:21:31,087 Just look at the sea, look at what the rain does to the sea. 314 00:21:31,173 --> 00:21:33,733 It gets knocked down, it's fantastic. 315 00:21:36,573 --> 00:21:40,805 NARRATOR: The global project to gather data on the forces driving our weather 316 00:21:40,893 --> 00:21:43,851 is based around one vital piece of equipment. 317 00:21:45,213 --> 00:21:49,365 Got to make sure that it's in there. I can see it's been opened by customs. 318 00:21:49,453 --> 00:21:51,569 You never know with these things. 319 00:21:51,653 --> 00:21:54,804 It's supposed to be yellow and expensive-looking. 320 00:21:56,453 --> 00:21:58,250 NARRATOR: This is the Argo float. 321 00:21:58,333 --> 00:21:59,368 PAUL: Great. 322 00:21:59,453 --> 00:22:01,444 A robotic buoy designed to gather readings 323 00:22:01,533 --> 00:22:05,606 on temperature and salinity from the depths of the ocean. 324 00:22:05,693 --> 00:22:09,003 PAUL: How this thing works is it descends to 1 ,000 metres 325 00:22:09,093 --> 00:22:11,209 and then comes back up again. 326 00:22:11,293 --> 00:22:14,808 Uploads all of its data, and then sinks again. 327 00:22:16,813 --> 00:22:20,203 NARRATOR: This will be one of a vast network of floats 328 00:22:20,293 --> 00:22:22,568 transmitting their data to satellites 329 00:22:22,653 --> 00:22:25,611 to build up a dynamic picture of the ocean. 330 00:22:29,293 --> 00:22:34,242 The plan is to launch it into an area that's poorly covered by Argo floats 331 00:22:34,333 --> 00:22:37,086 to help plug a gap in the survey network. 332 00:22:40,933 --> 00:22:43,686 You should hear at some point... 333 00:22:43,773 --> 00:22:44,922 (BEEPING) 334 00:22:45,013 --> 00:22:47,686 Here we go, one. It's working. 335 00:22:50,093 --> 00:22:51,446 (BEEPING) 336 00:22:52,733 --> 00:22:54,052 NARRATOR: now it's turned on, 337 00:22:54,133 --> 00:22:57,284 it's programmed to be deployed in just six hours. 338 00:22:58,133 --> 00:23:00,772 There we go. I can hear it! It runs... 339 00:23:00,853 --> 00:23:02,366 (IMITATES ENGINE) 340 00:23:02,453 --> 00:23:04,603 ...for say, five, ten seconds, and then stops. 341 00:23:04,693 --> 00:23:06,684 You can't put enthusiasm into projects like this 342 00:23:06,773 --> 00:23:08,729 unless you have some empathy and some interest in it. 343 00:23:08,813 --> 00:23:11,691 And I do, I really do. I mean, this is a... 344 00:23:14,653 --> 00:23:17,167 (LAUGHING) Yeah, there it goes again. 345 00:23:18,973 --> 00:23:20,531 NARRATOR: En route to the launch site, 346 00:23:20,613 --> 00:23:24,367 the 6,000 pounds worth of equipment must be kept upright 347 00:23:24,453 --> 00:23:27,047 while it makes contact with the satellite network. 348 00:23:28,213 --> 00:23:30,283 LUCY: What sort of information is being collected in this? 349 00:23:30,373 --> 00:23:33,490 -It's temperature, salinity and depth. -Right. 350 00:23:33,573 --> 00:23:35,928 And then, of course, when it comes up, it's also position as well. 351 00:23:36,013 --> 00:23:37,366 LUCY: Yeah. 352 00:23:38,453 --> 00:23:41,251 NARRATOR: The data will help scientists worldwide 353 00:23:41,333 --> 00:23:45,451 to improve climate change prediction and tropical storm forecasting. 354 00:23:46,013 --> 00:23:48,652 TOONI: So how much longer do we have before it needs to be in the water? 355 00:23:48,733 --> 00:23:51,611 Well, it's six hours from when we turn it on, so it's now 1 :1 0. 356 00:23:51,693 --> 00:23:54,161 So, it's 4:50. 357 00:23:57,573 --> 00:24:01,168 NARRATOR: But the journey is taking longer than expected. 358 00:24:02,333 --> 00:24:03,732 It would suit us better, I think, if we could be 359 00:24:03,813 --> 00:24:07,089 on the eastern side of the target area, where it's deeper. 360 00:24:07,173 --> 00:24:08,322 Just a bit twitchy about... 361 00:24:08,413 --> 00:24:10,973 Everything seems to happen just once, you know? 362 00:24:11,053 --> 00:24:14,728 NARRATOR: The plan is for Paul to be in the water when the float is launched, 363 00:24:14,813 --> 00:24:17,247 to make sure it deploys correctly. 364 00:24:18,693 --> 00:24:22,925 All systems go, and we’ve got 45 minutes to go. 365 00:24:24,093 --> 00:24:27,165 It took a little bit longer to get here than we thought. 366 00:24:27,253 --> 00:24:30,609 (LAUGHING) As you can see, I'm not dressed for the dive yet. 367 00:24:30,693 --> 00:24:34,368 Probably just can't afford to be loafing at the moment. 368 00:24:36,333 --> 00:24:38,642 NARRATOR: Far from land, with no reference points 369 00:24:38,733 --> 00:24:40,689 to gauge position and depth, 370 00:24:40,773 --> 00:24:44,925 dive safety supervisor Richard Bull is concerned about Paul's dive 371 00:24:45,013 --> 00:24:46,685 into the big blue. 372 00:24:46,773 --> 00:24:50,402 RICHARD: What I'm worried about is just sinking down without noticing it. 373 00:24:50,493 --> 00:24:52,609 -Yeah. -Because you get to a point 374 00:24:52,693 --> 00:24:57,050 where you're so deep, you can't see the surface, 375 00:24:57,133 --> 00:24:59,522 you can't see the bottom, you can't see that way 376 00:24:59,613 --> 00:25:00,887 and you can't see that way. 377 00:25:00,973 --> 00:25:02,645 You can't tell which is up and which is down. 378 00:25:02,733 --> 00:25:03,768 Yeah. 379 00:25:03,853 --> 00:25:04,922 It'd be easy to do on this dive, you're right, 380 00:25:05,013 --> 00:25:07,891 because I'm just watching that yellow float. 381 00:25:09,613 --> 00:25:11,524 RICHARD: Okay, we're getting late. We're going to miss it, mate. 382 00:25:11,613 --> 00:25:16,323 NARRATOR: The float is timed to begin its first descent in just a few minutes. 383 00:25:17,813 --> 00:25:19,929 Lucy is in charge of the crane. 384 00:25:20,013 --> 00:25:22,481 PAUL: You know yourself when you're handling a crane. 385 00:25:22,573 --> 00:25:24,643 ''You know yourself when you're handling a crane.'' 386 00:25:24,733 --> 00:25:26,724 I have to point out this is the first time 387 00:25:26,813 --> 00:25:29,008 I’ve done any crane handling. 388 00:25:30,853 --> 00:25:32,605 This over here. 389 00:25:34,533 --> 00:25:38,685 I'm really, really concerned about it hitting the side of the boat, though. 390 00:25:40,693 --> 00:25:42,570 LUCY: There you go. 391 00:25:44,133 --> 00:25:47,842 NARRATOR: A tiny bump against the metal hull could dent the casing, 392 00:25:47,933 --> 00:25:51,926 creating a weak spot that might rupture deep below the surface, 393 00:25:52,013 --> 00:25:56,086 where the water pressure will reach 200 times atmospheric pressure. 394 00:25:56,173 --> 00:25:58,892 LUCY: Five minutes, five minutes. 395 00:26:03,053 --> 00:26:06,841 NARRATOR: The rolling of the boat is also a problem for Paul. 396 00:26:07,813 --> 00:26:12,284 I'm just swimming out of the way here, because our dive boat is right there. 397 00:26:16,653 --> 00:26:18,006 I don't want to bank myself into it, 398 00:26:18,093 --> 00:26:21,085 and he's going to have to start positioning soon. 399 00:26:21,173 --> 00:26:22,731 And that propeller's going to start going round, 400 00:26:22,813 --> 00:26:24,963 so I want to get out of the way. 401 00:26:25,053 --> 00:26:26,281 (Exclaims) 402 00:26:27,093 --> 00:26:28,845 I have to make a note of a number of things 403 00:26:28,933 --> 00:26:31,208 so that the Met Office have an understanding of the sort of 404 00:26:31,293 --> 00:26:34,842 basic sea state when the Argo's launched. 405 00:26:34,933 --> 00:26:36,844 Knocks and bangs against the side of the Vessel, 406 00:26:36,933 --> 00:26:41,723 apart from the initial swing that I induced, I think it was fine. 407 00:26:41,813 --> 00:26:44,486 God, I'm shaking a bit, actually, because I don't want to mess it up. 408 00:26:44,573 --> 00:26:48,691 You’ve only got one go, haven’t you? You can't take two on this one. 409 00:26:50,973 --> 00:26:53,168 NARRATOR: But the descent time comes... 410 00:26:53,853 --> 00:26:56,447 LUCY: No, it's still there. Look. 411 00:26:56,533 --> 00:26:57,852 ...and goes. 412 00:26:57,933 --> 00:26:59,286 That is... 413 00:27:00,333 --> 00:27:01,812 LUCY: Oh, no! 414 00:27:03,053 --> 00:27:05,203 I mean, if it doesn't go down in the next minute or so, 415 00:27:05,293 --> 00:27:08,126 then there could potentially be a problem. 416 00:27:09,093 --> 00:27:10,731 It's not ready just yet. 417 00:27:10,813 --> 00:27:13,532 MAN ON RADIO: Another couple of minutes? 418 00:27:13,613 --> 00:27:15,490 It hasn't sunk yet. 419 00:27:17,813 --> 00:27:20,407 NARRATOR: Finally, the launch begins. 420 00:27:20,533 --> 00:27:21,886 Five, 421 00:27:21,973 --> 00:27:23,372 four, 422 00:27:23,453 --> 00:27:24,886 three, 423 00:27:24,973 --> 00:27:26,326 two, 424 00:27:26,413 --> 00:27:27,562 one. 425 00:27:32,333 --> 00:27:35,052 Wow, there it goes! 426 00:27:36,133 --> 00:27:39,682 I'm waving goodbye to it on its four-year mission. 427 00:27:49,093 --> 00:27:52,927 NARRATOR: If it works, it'll help scientists gain a better understanding 428 00:27:53,013 --> 00:27:55,243 of the Indian Ocean monsoons. 429 00:28:04,293 --> 00:28:08,730 It goes down 1 ,000 metres, and then 2,000 metres. 430 00:28:09,493 --> 00:28:16,012 It comes to the surface repeatedly, up to 1 50 times for four years solid. 431 00:28:16,453 --> 00:28:19,013 (STAMMERING) I can just see it, look. 432 00:28:19,453 --> 00:28:21,523 You can just pick her out. 433 00:28:23,893 --> 00:28:25,929 NARRATOR: In 1 0 days, it should surface 434 00:28:26,013 --> 00:28:28,891 and transmit back to base for the first time. 435 00:28:29,733 --> 00:28:33,328 Only then will the team know if the launch has succeeded. 436 00:28:34,013 --> 00:28:35,332 It's gone! 437 00:28:48,693 --> 00:28:51,366 We're now underway for the southern coast of Zanzibar, 438 00:28:51,453 --> 00:28:53,284 the south-western tip of Zanzibar. 439 00:28:53,373 --> 00:28:54,726 It's a brilliant feeling when even just... 440 00:28:54,813 --> 00:28:58,726 You just mention the name Zanzibar to me, and I want to go there. 441 00:28:59,733 --> 00:29:02,930 NARRATOR: The team takes the opportunity to go ashore. 442 00:29:06,533 --> 00:29:08,205 (SPEAKING FOREIGN LANGUAGE) 443 00:29:17,853 --> 00:29:20,287 It's such a popular game and it's such a great game, 444 00:29:20,373 --> 00:29:22,568 and I think we have a winner. 445 00:29:22,653 --> 00:29:24,371 PAUL: Okay, got it. 446 00:29:29,733 --> 00:29:31,803 -Okay, thank you Very much. -Thank you Very much, thank you. 447 00:29:31,893 --> 00:29:35,124 -Welcome again. -Good, good, Very happy with that. 448 00:29:39,693 --> 00:29:42,287 NARRATOR: With coastal development and over-fishing, 449 00:29:42,373 --> 00:29:45,126 human pressure on this sea is increasing. 450 00:29:45,813 --> 00:29:48,327 So for the next mission, the team wants to see 451 00:29:48,413 --> 00:29:52,565 how that's impacting on one of the ocean's most precious ecosystems. 452 00:29:53,573 --> 00:29:57,691 Environmentalist Philippe heads out with Lucy to check on the health 453 00:29:57,773 --> 00:30:01,083 of the Indian Ocean's world-famous coral reefs. 454 00:30:10,493 --> 00:30:15,123 Worldwide, coral reefs are vital to the lives of a billion people 455 00:30:15,213 --> 00:30:17,807 who rely on them for food and income. 456 00:30:18,213 --> 00:30:21,523 And they're home to a vast variety of marine life. 457 00:30:23,213 --> 00:30:26,250 But the reefs may have reached a tipping point. 458 00:30:29,733 --> 00:30:33,692 PHILIPPE: I have to be honest with you, I'm a little disappointed. 459 00:30:35,013 --> 00:30:39,848 I'm not seeing the abundance of fish life that I'd expect here. 460 00:30:41,333 --> 00:30:45,485 It just seems a little light to me, and that's kind of disappointing. 461 00:30:46,733 --> 00:30:48,325 NARRATOR: For three generations, 462 00:30:48,413 --> 00:30:52,770 Philippe's family has been documenting this ocean's threatened habitats. 463 00:30:55,853 --> 00:30:59,368 PHILIPPE: Having grown up with images of my grandfather's films 464 00:30:59,453 --> 00:31:02,013 and my father's films, back in 1 948, 465 00:31:02,093 --> 00:31:04,243 and you look at that, even though it's in black and white, 466 00:31:04,333 --> 00:31:10,249 it's like an amazing forest, just... Richness is unparalleled. 467 00:31:10,813 --> 00:31:12,246 And you go back to those same places today 468 00:31:12,333 --> 00:31:14,210 and it's just a desert. 469 00:31:14,293 --> 00:31:18,844 Coral reefs are disappearing at such a scary rate. 470 00:31:21,613 --> 00:31:25,003 NARRATOR: Across the globe, 25% of coral reefs 471 00:31:25,093 --> 00:31:26,731 are under threat. 472 00:31:27,293 --> 00:31:29,853 Philippe spots what's attacking this reef, 473 00:31:29,933 --> 00:31:32,447 one of its most voracious predators. 474 00:31:33,693 --> 00:31:35,843 PHILIPPE: Wow, look at that. 475 00:31:36,973 --> 00:31:39,282 That's a crown of thorns, right? 476 00:31:40,293 --> 00:31:43,091 LUCY: It's enveloping that piece of coral. 477 00:31:44,293 --> 00:31:48,332 NARRATOR: The crown of thorns starfish eats the coral alive. 478 00:31:49,973 --> 00:31:54,967 PHILIPPE: They can eat up to 1 6 or 1 7, maybe even 1 8 or more 479 00:31:55,053 --> 00:31:58,602 square feet of coral reef a year. 480 00:32:00,093 --> 00:32:03,369 You can see right there that they take their stomach, literally, 481 00:32:03,453 --> 00:32:06,684 and turn it inside out when they get onto coral, 482 00:32:06,773 --> 00:32:10,925 and then start to eject all these stomach enzymes all over it. 483 00:32:11,893 --> 00:32:14,407 It oozes out over the coral and liquefy it, 484 00:32:14,493 --> 00:32:17,690 and then they just suck it up. It's kind of nasty. 485 00:32:19,773 --> 00:32:22,082 NARRATOR: Recently, a hundred-fold increase 486 00:32:22,173 --> 00:32:26,564 in the numbers of crown of thorns has devastated local reefs. 487 00:32:27,973 --> 00:32:31,727 It may have been caused by people over-fishing its predators. 488 00:32:33,613 --> 00:32:38,562 PHILIPPE: They are Very, Very prolific. These guys are just wiping coral out. 489 00:32:39,853 --> 00:32:42,890 NARRATOR: But killing crown of thorns is tough. 490 00:32:42,973 --> 00:32:45,931 Cut them in two, and both halves can survive. 491 00:32:47,173 --> 00:32:49,164 The only ways to get rid of them, 492 00:32:49,253 --> 00:32:52,882 inject them with poison or bag them up and take them away. 493 00:32:54,333 --> 00:32:56,130 PHILIPPE: We want to actually remove these from the reef, 494 00:32:56,213 --> 00:32:59,444 because these guys are just wiping coral out. 495 00:33:02,213 --> 00:33:04,443 LUCY: Oh, look at it reacting. 496 00:33:09,653 --> 00:33:13,009 We're still finding more and more of them all over the seabed, 497 00:33:13,093 --> 00:33:16,130 and you can actually just see the way they're sort of moving over 498 00:33:16,213 --> 00:33:18,204 the surface of the coral. 499 00:33:19,453 --> 00:33:22,331 NARRATOR: Together with other factors, like warming seas, 500 00:33:22,413 --> 00:33:26,565 this has contributed to the destruction of over 22% of the reefs 501 00:33:26,653 --> 00:33:29,213 in the Southwest Indian Ocean alone. 502 00:33:38,093 --> 00:33:40,049 But there is still hope. 503 00:33:40,893 --> 00:33:42,929 Toni and Philippe head off to discover 504 00:33:43,013 --> 00:33:45,891 how damaged coral reefs could be revived 505 00:33:45,973 --> 00:33:48,362 using a new scientific technique. 506 00:33:49,853 --> 00:33:54,324 Leading the work here is Tanzanian scientist Massage Omega. 507 00:33:54,413 --> 00:33:56,165 -Hello, I'm Toni. -Toni. 508 00:33:56,253 --> 00:33:58,130 -Nice to meet you. -I'm Omega. 509 00:33:58,213 --> 00:34:01,489 -Omega, Philippe. -Philippe, nice to meet you. 510 00:34:01,893 --> 00:34:04,805 -Thank you for coming. -Hello, everybody, how are you? 511 00:34:06,493 --> 00:34:11,044 TOONI: Omega’s working on a project around Mumbai, which is just, 512 00:34:11,133 --> 00:34:14,250 to me, is a great example of really innovative science, 513 00:34:14,333 --> 00:34:17,245 and it's the first time that this methodology has been used 514 00:34:17,333 --> 00:34:18,891 in the Indian Ocean. 515 00:34:18,973 --> 00:34:21,931 NARRATOR: They gear up to visit Omega’s laboratory, 516 00:34:22,013 --> 00:34:25,722 not on land but about 1 0 metres beneath the water's surface. 517 00:34:25,813 --> 00:34:27,212 PAUL: Go, Omega! 518 00:34:29,213 --> 00:34:30,646 Go, Philippe! 519 00:34:32,173 --> 00:34:34,641 NARRATOR: It's a facility which could hold an answer 520 00:34:34,733 --> 00:34:36,769 to saving the coral reefs, 521 00:34:37,773 --> 00:34:40,082 a man-made coral garden. 522 00:34:49,253 --> 00:34:53,405 TOONI: What we're looking at here is almost the Indian Ocean equivalent 523 00:34:53,493 --> 00:34:55,165 of a garden centre. 524 00:34:56,773 --> 00:34:58,604 In this whole nursery, 525 00:34:58,693 --> 00:35:02,447 there are about 9,200 individual little pieces of coral. 526 00:35:03,933 --> 00:35:07,050 These little bits of coral, or nubbins, 527 00:35:07,133 --> 00:35:10,728 are taken from a mother colony from a different location 528 00:35:10,813 --> 00:35:14,772 and moved into this area, where they're basically grown. 529 00:35:14,853 --> 00:35:17,128 It's a little bit like pruning. 530 00:35:18,133 --> 00:35:20,966 NARRATOR: The plan is to help save endangered reefs 531 00:35:21,053 --> 00:35:23,772 by transplanting living coral into them. 532 00:35:25,293 --> 00:35:28,842 But direct transplantation has had little success, 533 00:35:29,653 --> 00:35:32,531 so Omega and his team are growing young coral 534 00:35:32,613 --> 00:35:35,730 in this protected environment till it's strong enough 535 00:35:35,813 --> 00:35:38,043 to survive being transplanted. 536 00:35:38,893 --> 00:35:43,603 The first thing Omega does is collect young coral from a healthy reef. 537 00:35:45,013 --> 00:35:47,686 PHILIPPE: And then he cuts coral nubbins off, 538 00:35:47,773 --> 00:35:50,492 kind of like taking pruning of a tree, 539 00:35:50,973 --> 00:35:54,443 and he puts them into these small, little rubber tubes. 540 00:35:56,613 --> 00:35:58,888 TOONI: Although it doesn't look like much, 541 00:35:58,973 --> 00:36:02,443 that little section of coral is actually alive. 542 00:36:02,533 --> 00:36:06,128 The coral will grow from what looks like something that 543 00:36:06,213 --> 00:36:08,568 potentially doesn't amount to much. 544 00:36:08,653 --> 00:36:11,929 But that could spell the survival of the coral reefs 545 00:36:12,013 --> 00:36:15,926 in some areas where they’ve been decimated in the Indian Ocean. 546 00:36:16,693 --> 00:36:19,253 NARRATOR: The coral can't be left on its own. 547 00:36:19,333 --> 00:36:21,244 It needs constant care. 548 00:36:23,213 --> 00:36:26,091 TOONI: So Omega is weeding the garden. 549 00:36:26,173 --> 00:36:29,449 PHILIPPE: This blanketing algae will smother the coral, 550 00:36:29,533 --> 00:36:33,924 so by removing all of this, these corals have an opportunity to grow 551 00:36:34,013 --> 00:36:36,573 in as healthy a habitat as possible. 552 00:36:38,133 --> 00:36:40,931 NARRATOR: Once the nubbins have spent about 1 0 months here, 553 00:36:41,013 --> 00:36:43,447 they're ready for transplantation. 554 00:36:45,213 --> 00:36:50,048 If this technique is successful, it could help regenerate damaged reefs, 555 00:36:50,133 --> 00:36:53,921 not just in the Indian Ocean but across the entire world. 556 00:37:01,333 --> 00:37:05,326 It's really encouraging to see that that kind of methodology is actually 557 00:37:05,413 --> 00:37:09,122 being used in areas such as this, where there obviously isn't 558 00:37:09,213 --> 00:37:12,125 a huge amount of money to invest in marine science. 559 00:37:12,213 --> 00:37:16,729 But this technique is so simple and so cheap, basically, 560 00:37:16,813 --> 00:37:18,371 it just requires an awful lot of manpower. 561 00:37:18,453 --> 00:37:22,366 I mean, we’ve already lost at least 25%%% of the world's coral reefs. 562 00:37:22,453 --> 00:37:26,128 So, now, because we're taking an active role in their destruction, 563 00:37:26,213 --> 00:37:29,489 this is an opportunity to take an active role in their restoration, 564 00:37:29,573 --> 00:37:32,963 and it's a Very hopeful, hopeful time right now. 565 00:37:38,133 --> 00:37:40,249 NARRATOR: As the day ends... 566 00:37:40,333 --> 00:37:42,210 -TOONI: I planted coral today. -Yet! 567 00:37:42,293 --> 00:37:43,692 -These little fingers of greenness. -Oh, cool. 568 00:37:43,773 --> 00:37:47,448 ...it's a chance to plan the next stage of the expedition. 569 00:37:47,533 --> 00:37:48,852 PAUL: So, yeah. So, up here, this is... 570 00:37:48,933 --> 00:37:51,401 I’ve not been here before. This looks fantastic. 571 00:37:51,493 --> 00:37:52,846 Very, Very good. 572 00:37:57,733 --> 00:38:00,486 NARRATOR: People have been living on the shores of the Indian Ocean 573 00:38:00,573 --> 00:38:02,882 for over 1 00,000 years. 574 00:38:03,613 --> 00:38:07,288 How they've related to this vast body of water is the speciality 575 00:38:07,373 --> 00:38:10,285 of maritime archaeologist Lucy Blue. 576 00:38:12,493 --> 00:38:16,884 I'm trying to work out how different people, different cultures, 577 00:38:16,973 --> 00:38:19,806 would have approached this sea, this ocean. 578 00:38:20,253 --> 00:38:22,608 Obviously, there are certain parameters that they were 579 00:38:22,693 --> 00:38:25,890 constrained by, so the winds and the currents. 580 00:38:25,973 --> 00:38:28,692 What were the challenges that they faced? 581 00:38:31,253 --> 00:38:34,086 NARRATOR: Trade and migration in the Indian Ocean has been 582 00:38:34,173 --> 00:38:37,927 dominated by the powerful currents that flow uninterrupted 583 00:38:38,013 --> 00:38:40,243 for thousands of miles across it, 584 00:38:40,333 --> 00:38:43,166 before crashing into the East African coast. 585 00:38:44,093 --> 00:38:46,129 LUCY: All right, so this gives you a really good idea 586 00:38:46,213 --> 00:38:49,649 of the way that the currents are moving along this coastline. 587 00:38:49,733 --> 00:38:54,045 Particularly this East African coastal current, or the Zanzibar one. 588 00:38:54,493 --> 00:38:57,326 The combination of the currents and the winds have completely dictated 589 00:38:57,413 --> 00:38:59,005 the way that people have manoeuvred around, 590 00:38:59,093 --> 00:39:01,971 particularly this part of the Indian Ocean. 591 00:39:02,693 --> 00:39:06,163 NARRATOR: Lucy believes there's much to learn from mankind's battles 592 00:39:06,253 --> 00:39:08,528 with these treacherous currents. 593 00:39:09,413 --> 00:39:13,645 So the expedition's heading for a site of particular interest to her, 594 00:39:14,773 --> 00:39:17,571 the wreck of a ship sunk 40 years ago 595 00:39:17,653 --> 00:39:20,929 in the unpredictable waters of the Indian Ocean. 596 00:39:22,333 --> 00:39:23,971 To avoid the same fate, 597 00:39:24,053 --> 00:39:27,489 the expedition ship will have to be extremely cautious. 598 00:39:28,373 --> 00:39:31,012 When I was talking with the skipper earlier, he was saying, 599 00:39:31,093 --> 00:39:33,607 you know, ''This is actually quite a treacherous area.'' 600 00:39:33,693 --> 00:39:37,049 I mean, we're not actually mooring up because the currents are 601 00:39:37,133 --> 00:39:40,011 quite complex and unpredictable. 602 00:39:41,693 --> 00:39:43,331 NARRATOR: But when they reach the site, 603 00:39:43,413 --> 00:39:46,610 they find they aren't the only ones interested in it. 604 00:39:46,693 --> 00:39:49,844 A group of local salvagers are already here 605 00:39:49,933 --> 00:39:53,687 trying to break up the ship and recover valuable metals. 606 00:39:54,333 --> 00:39:57,291 They're none too pleased to have competition. 607 00:39:57,933 --> 00:40:00,572 All right, folks, we’ve got a little bit of a situation out there. 608 00:40:00,653 --> 00:40:03,725 It's a bunch of guys that are trying to cut off 609 00:40:03,813 --> 00:40:05,485 the propeller with welding gear. 610 00:40:05,573 --> 00:40:07,325 I don't know whether they think that we're going to 611 00:40:07,413 --> 00:40:09,529 try and poach their propeller from them. 612 00:40:09,613 --> 00:40:11,490 It's big and it's worth a lot of money, 613 00:40:11,573 --> 00:40:13,723 but they're protecting themselves with spear guns. 614 00:40:13,813 --> 00:40:15,292 -Okay. -And, Scott, 615 00:40:15,373 --> 00:40:17,967 he actually had one of them go to him... 616 00:40:20,293 --> 00:40:21,851 NARRATOR: As expedition leader, 617 00:40:21,933 --> 00:40:25,323 Paul's worried about the safety of his team. 618 00:40:25,413 --> 00:40:30,248 But for Lucy, this is an example of a worldwide problem she often faces, 619 00:40:30,333 --> 00:40:33,086 the destruction of archaeological sites. 620 00:40:34,773 --> 00:40:37,412 There's nothing we can do. I mean, if they start ripping off 621 00:40:37,493 --> 00:40:39,404 the portholes and the props and all the rest of it, 622 00:40:39,493 --> 00:40:40,642 there's nothing for anybody to see. 623 00:40:40,733 --> 00:40:42,530 There's nothing for anybody to learn about it. 624 00:40:42,613 --> 00:40:44,365 I'm actually rooting for them. 625 00:40:44,453 --> 00:40:46,045 -Why? -Because I feel... 626 00:40:46,133 --> 00:40:48,601 Then we could end up having some contretemps. 627 00:40:48,693 --> 00:40:51,651 I feel that the ship is in their waters, 628 00:40:51,733 --> 00:40:54,850 and that propeller and all, any of the bits they can use, 629 00:40:54,933 --> 00:40:58,243 will sustain their livelihood better than tourists coming and looking at it. 630 00:40:58,333 --> 00:41:00,801 Really, I'm not sure about that, though, because you have... 631 00:41:00,893 --> 00:41:02,531 That thing is there for an instance. 632 00:41:02,613 --> 00:41:04,285 They are going to reap an immediate reward. 633 00:41:04,373 --> 00:41:05,965 -Hmm. -It's just 634 00:41:06,053 --> 00:41:08,613 condoning that whole activity, encouraging other people do to it 635 00:41:08,693 --> 00:41:11,048 on wrecks throughout the world, and then it's gone. 636 00:41:11,133 --> 00:41:15,126 Whichever one of you is right, it's not the immediate problem. 637 00:41:15,213 --> 00:41:16,532 -No. -The immediate problem is 638 00:41:16,613 --> 00:41:17,762 that they’ve got spear guns 639 00:41:17,853 --> 00:41:20,686 and they exhibited Very threatening behaviour. 640 00:41:23,213 --> 00:41:25,727 NARRATOR: The situation is tense. 641 00:41:25,813 --> 00:41:29,169 A crew member who speaks Swahili has gone over to explain 642 00:41:29,253 --> 00:41:32,006 that the team are just here to dive the wreck. 643 00:41:34,533 --> 00:41:37,923 Mike, this is Richard. Come in. Over. 644 00:41:38,213 --> 00:41:41,489 MIKE ON RADIO: The translator's just talked with the salvage crew, 645 00:41:41,573 --> 00:41:45,088 and they've given us permission to dive on the site. 646 00:41:45,693 --> 00:41:47,684 Mike, that's fantastic. 647 00:41:48,533 --> 00:41:52,003 NARRATOR: The salvagers stop diving. The team can get to work. 648 00:41:52,093 --> 00:41:54,084 PHILIPPE: One... 649 00:42:02,613 --> 00:42:04,922 NARRATOR: This is what the salvagers are after, 650 00:42:05,013 --> 00:42:07,368 the remains of the Proportion. 651 00:42:07,853 --> 00:42:10,970 PAUL: Wow, it's absolutely huge! 652 00:42:11,053 --> 00:42:12,884 NARRATOR: After 40 years on the bottom, 653 00:42:12,973 --> 00:42:16,329 there's still a lot left of this 94-metre cargo ship. 654 00:42:19,013 --> 00:42:23,211 It's clear from the chains and pulleys that the salvagers are well on their way 655 00:42:23,293 --> 00:42:26,012 to removing the huge bronze propeller. 656 00:42:26,613 --> 00:42:30,811 Bronze scrap is worth thousands of pounds per ton. 657 00:42:31,653 --> 00:42:33,883 LUCY: It's going to be a lot of work to shift this, 658 00:42:33,973 --> 00:42:38,410 and ultimately it's setting a precedent for just ripping shipwrecks apart, 659 00:42:38,493 --> 00:42:43,362 regardless of whether they're 40 years old or 400 years old. 660 00:42:47,133 --> 00:42:50,728 NARRATOR: All shipwrecks tell the story of a moment in time 661 00:42:50,813 --> 00:42:55,807 when a combination of circumstances came together to create a catastrophe. 662 00:42:56,933 --> 00:43:02,166 LUCY: So the Proportion sunk here in 1 967, early in the evening, 663 00:43:02,253 --> 00:43:05,689 carrying wheat from Romania to Jedi. 664 00:43:05,773 --> 00:43:09,527 NARRATOR: The ship was meant to go via the Suez Canal, 665 00:43:09,613 --> 00:43:13,845 but with the Arab-Israeli war in full swing, that was closed, 666 00:43:13,933 --> 00:43:18,131 forcing the Proportion to travel right round Africa. 667 00:43:19,013 --> 00:43:21,368 For weeks, the voyage went well. 668 00:43:21,453 --> 00:43:25,412 Then, with just days to go, things went badly wrong. 669 00:43:26,133 --> 00:43:29,603 We believe that they'd lost their radar and their echo-sounder 670 00:43:29,693 --> 00:43:33,481 and they were basically travelling in Very unfamiliar waters. 671 00:43:34,293 --> 00:43:38,081 So they had to resort to compass and sextants 672 00:43:38,173 --> 00:43:42,451 and navigating by the stars in currents which they didn't understand. 673 00:43:44,493 --> 00:43:48,930 Just imagine the sense of terror coming up on this reef. 674 00:43:49,493 --> 00:43:53,805 Completely lost, the noise, panic. 675 00:44:02,093 --> 00:44:05,722 LUCY: She hit this reef behind us and then broke her back, 676 00:44:07,933 --> 00:44:10,766 sprawling down here onto the sand. 677 00:44:13,213 --> 00:44:16,842 NARRATOR: Somehow, everyone on board survived, 678 00:44:16,933 --> 00:44:21,449 but the reef and the currents battered and sank the Proportion. 679 00:44:22,333 --> 00:44:25,291 LUCY: Considering she's only been down 40 years, 680 00:44:25,373 --> 00:44:28,365 it's an amazing amount of marine life, though, here. 681 00:44:31,333 --> 00:44:34,769 NARRATOR: The Proportion may be home to many fish, 682 00:44:34,853 --> 00:44:38,289 but Lucy is shocked at how the salvagers are wiping out 683 00:44:38,373 --> 00:44:40,728 precious historical information. 684 00:44:44,573 --> 00:44:47,451 LUCY: I mean, they’ve got rigs up there. They’ve got, you know, the whole works. 685 00:44:47,533 --> 00:44:50,252 -Is it pretty much free game? -LUCY: It's free game. 686 00:44:50,333 --> 00:44:51,607 PAUL: It's free game at the moment, yeah. 687 00:44:51,693 --> 00:44:53,649 It's free game. This is not in the marine reserve area, 688 00:44:53,733 --> 00:44:56,122 so there's nothing in terms of the conservation 689 00:44:56,213 --> 00:44:58,090 of this particular Zone that says... 690 00:44:58,173 --> 00:45:01,165 And anyway, I would imagine it's Very difficult to police. 691 00:45:01,253 --> 00:45:03,289 I mean, I know how difficult it is in the UK. 692 00:45:09,013 --> 00:45:12,369 My job on a daily basis is trying to battle against 693 00:45:12,453 --> 00:45:15,092 the problems of treasure hunters and salvage work, 694 00:45:15,173 --> 00:45:18,006 and when you do meet it face to face, it... 695 00:45:18,093 --> 00:45:23,451 You can't but, you know, despise it and everything it represents. 696 00:45:29,853 --> 00:45:33,641 NARRATOR: Ten days ago, the expedition launched the Argo float 697 00:45:33,733 --> 00:45:36,531 to monitor the depths of the Indian Ocean. 698 00:45:36,973 --> 00:45:38,292 PAUL: There it goes. 699 00:45:38,373 --> 00:45:42,082 I'm waving goodbye to it on its four-year mission. 700 00:45:43,213 --> 00:45:47,445 NARRATOR: It's now scheduled to surface and upload its first data. 701 00:45:48,173 --> 00:45:50,403 But has its mission succeeded? 702 00:45:51,733 --> 00:45:53,086 -So this is... -Moment of truth. 703 00:45:53,173 --> 00:45:56,165 Well, it is the moment of truth, because with any luck... 704 00:45:56,253 --> 00:45:57,447 -First of all... -Yeah. 705 00:45:57,533 --> 00:46:01,003 If we can get this through, we're going to figure out if the Argo... 706 00:46:01,973 --> 00:46:03,042 (TOONI Exclaims) 707 00:46:03,133 --> 00:46:05,408 ...actually worked, so hang on. 708 00:46:06,173 --> 00:46:08,846 -PHILIPPE: Is that the map? -That's it. 709 00:46:09,333 --> 00:46:10,766 PHILIPPE: That's it? That's the transmit? 710 00:46:10,853 --> 00:46:12,411 (LAUGHING) Yeah, it is. 711 00:46:12,493 --> 00:46:14,529 PHILIPPE: So it's working. 712 00:46:15,533 --> 00:46:17,603 NARRATOR: The map tracks the float's position 713 00:46:17,693 --> 00:46:21,049 from where Paul first powered it up to when it surfaced 714 00:46:21,133 --> 00:46:23,647 and successfully uploaded its data. 715 00:46:23,733 --> 00:46:28,568 This must be us going out. This is when we deployed it. 716 00:46:28,653 --> 00:46:30,371 LUCY: Yeah, just about, gosh... PAUL: And it sank. 717 00:46:30,453 --> 00:46:32,569 And this is it here, so you see, it obviously didn't get stuck. 718 00:46:32,653 --> 00:46:37,363 It's going on the expected track, which is north and then northwest. 719 00:46:37,453 --> 00:46:40,445 And it's come up and it's sent the right expected data up. 720 00:46:40,533 --> 00:46:42,683 -So, the blooming thing worked. -So, you feel the flutter of pride 721 00:46:42,773 --> 00:46:44,570 that it actually worked. 722 00:46:48,933 --> 00:46:50,571 PAUL: The big thing for me, and it does excite me, 723 00:46:50,653 --> 00:46:53,725 is that it's real-time data. So they're all coming up and down, 724 00:46:53,813 --> 00:46:57,362 all sending up temperature, salinity, depth and where they are. 725 00:46:57,453 --> 00:47:01,924 For me, it's the fact that there are 3,000-plus of the Argo floats 726 00:47:02,013 --> 00:47:03,332 all over the world, 727 00:47:03,413 --> 00:47:08,089 so our little float is basically representative of 728 00:47:08,173 --> 00:47:11,210 just this huge global data search. 729 00:47:12,893 --> 00:47:16,852 NARRATOR: Scientists are already using the data to look into the future 730 00:47:16,933 --> 00:47:21,768 and determine how our oceans and climate might change over the next decade. 731 00:47:27,573 --> 00:47:30,451 With just two days left, the team wants to see how 732 00:47:30,533 --> 00:47:33,570 one of the ocean's most elusive residents is faring 733 00:47:33,653 --> 00:47:36,121 in these fast-changing waters. 734 00:47:40,853 --> 00:47:44,687 The hunt brings them here, to the Lazaretto Archipelago, 735 00:47:44,773 --> 00:47:48,368 a chain of islands 20 miles off the coast of Mozambique. 736 00:47:53,773 --> 00:47:57,288 The islands are hammered by the powerful waves and winds 737 00:47:57,373 --> 00:48:03,084 that have shaped these 1 00-metre-high dunes built up over thousands of years. 738 00:48:06,053 --> 00:48:08,203 LUCY: You really get a sense of the power 739 00:48:08,293 --> 00:48:10,727 of the wind and the ocean here. 740 00:48:13,933 --> 00:48:17,562 Just looking out over the Indian Ocean, next stop, Australia. 741 00:48:17,653 --> 00:48:20,884 All that power of the Indian Ocean just slams into this coast, 742 00:48:20,973 --> 00:48:23,043 and it stings, it kind of stings the back of your legs. 743 00:48:23,133 --> 00:48:25,169 -LUCY: (LAUGHING) Stings? -Like you're getting sandblasted. 744 00:48:25,253 --> 00:48:28,131 -Slamming into us at the moment. -It is slamming. 745 00:48:31,573 --> 00:48:34,929 NARRATOR: The Lazaretto Archipelago acts as a barrier, 746 00:48:35,013 --> 00:48:37,402 absorbing the fury of the Indian Ocean 747 00:48:37,493 --> 00:48:41,532 and protecting the 20-mile stretch of water on the other side. 748 00:48:44,173 --> 00:48:46,767 Toni believes it's here that the team may find 749 00:48:46,853 --> 00:48:50,402 a sensitive barometer of the health of the Indian Ocean, 750 00:48:50,493 --> 00:48:52,324 one of its rarest animals. 751 00:48:54,773 --> 00:48:56,092 TOONI: So this is the dugong. 752 00:48:56,173 --> 00:48:59,404 With the best Latin name ever, the Dugong dugong. 753 00:49:01,733 --> 00:49:05,965 A really bizarre kind of hybridisation between the dolphin tail... 754 00:49:06,053 --> 00:49:07,168 PAUL: Yeah. 755 00:49:07,253 --> 00:49:11,451 ...and then you've got sort of a cow-like/elephantine front end. 756 00:49:12,813 --> 00:49:16,886 They grow up to about 3.4 metres, so they're a fairly decent size. 757 00:49:18,973 --> 00:49:22,363 NARRATOR: Dugongs once thrived in this part of the Indian Ocean, 758 00:49:22,453 --> 00:49:24,091 but not any more. 759 00:49:24,893 --> 00:49:27,361 Hunting and entrapment in fishermen's nets 760 00:49:27,453 --> 00:49:30,126 have drastically reduced their numbers. 761 00:49:31,053 --> 00:49:34,523 So how well is this tiny population doing? 762 00:49:37,653 --> 00:49:41,931 Right here is pretty much the last Viable population of dugong 763 00:49:42,013 --> 00:49:43,651 in the Western Indian Ocean. 764 00:49:43,733 --> 00:49:46,770 So we’ve come to this specific area to see if we can find them, 765 00:49:46,853 --> 00:49:49,606 and to be honest, it would be an absolute joy, 766 00:49:49,693 --> 00:49:51,968 and I think something really special if we did. 767 00:49:52,053 --> 00:49:55,011 But finding them, I think, is going to be a bit of a nightmare. 768 00:49:56,173 --> 00:49:59,165 NARRATOR: Dugongs have always been mysterious. 769 00:50:00,133 --> 00:50:04,411 Their unusual body shape probably inspired the myth of the mermaid. 770 00:50:05,413 --> 00:50:07,973 They have what's called a bursiform body, 771 00:50:08,053 --> 00:50:13,252 combining the flute tail of a fish with four limbs and a snout-like head. 772 00:50:16,813 --> 00:50:19,611 This isn't the first time Toni’s searched for them. 773 00:50:19,693 --> 00:50:24,721 She knows how tough it is looking for a few dugongs in a very big ocean. 774 00:50:25,933 --> 00:50:28,163 I spent a month hunting for dugong 775 00:50:28,253 --> 00:50:31,404 and I didn't see a single flipping whisker. 776 00:50:31,973 --> 00:50:35,568 So if we do see them, we are going to be exceptionally lucky. 777 00:50:36,453 --> 00:50:38,569 Ready then, team? 778 00:50:40,813 --> 00:50:44,089 NARRATOR: If they can find them, it will be a rare chance for Toni 779 00:50:44,173 --> 00:50:46,687 to see how well they're coping. 780 00:50:48,613 --> 00:50:52,925 They head for an area they've been told has a high density of dugongs, 781 00:50:53,413 --> 00:50:55,847 but Toni is not convinced. 782 00:50:57,013 --> 00:50:58,890 A high density is a little bit of a misnomer 783 00:50:58,973 --> 00:51:00,406 and it's a slightly misleading name, 784 00:51:00,493 --> 00:51:04,122 because ''high density'' suggests that there's loads of them swimming around. 785 00:51:04,213 --> 00:51:07,091 But in actual fact, that's not true. It just means that more of them have 786 00:51:07,173 --> 00:51:10,370 been spotted in that location than anywhere else. 787 00:51:13,093 --> 00:51:15,561 NARRATOR: Toni still hopes to find a few, 788 00:51:15,653 --> 00:51:18,326 but dugongs are notoriously timid. 789 00:51:20,093 --> 00:51:22,732 TOONI: The plan is to just cut the engines. 790 00:51:22,813 --> 00:51:26,203 It's going to have to be a really, really quiet and slow operation, 791 00:51:26,293 --> 00:51:28,887 so we don't freak them out, 'cause as soon as 792 00:51:28,973 --> 00:51:31,646 they hear the boat noise or hear splashing, 793 00:51:31,733 --> 00:51:33,849 they're just going to be gone. 794 00:51:36,333 --> 00:51:39,405 If we smell a dugong, it's going to be miraculous. 795 00:51:43,333 --> 00:51:46,928 NARRATOR: One of the crew believes they've seen a dugong, 796 00:51:49,213 --> 00:51:53,843 so Toni takes a chance and jumps in to try and get close. 797 00:52:00,173 --> 00:52:03,290 But underwater, the visibility is terrible. 798 00:52:06,373 --> 00:52:09,649 Finding the dugongs will take more than this. 799 00:52:10,693 --> 00:52:12,604 TOONI: Well, it just shows you how bad the visibility is, 800 00:52:12,693 --> 00:52:14,923 because we didn't see fiddly. 801 00:52:17,133 --> 00:52:19,567 NARRATOR: Paul is going to try and spot them from the air 802 00:52:19,653 --> 00:52:21,609 and guide Toni to them. 803 00:52:25,133 --> 00:52:28,808 These things really are hard to find, so this is our secret weapon. 804 00:52:28,893 --> 00:52:30,485 And Toni’s really counting on me up there, 805 00:52:30,573 --> 00:52:32,529 she's really counting on me being able to see them 806 00:52:32,613 --> 00:52:35,525 from about 500 feet, and I can steer her in. 807 00:52:51,453 --> 00:52:53,171 MAN ON RADIO: Delta Echo Oscar Victor Charlie 808 00:52:53,253 --> 00:52:55,323 is entering and vectoring. 809 00:52:55,413 --> 00:52:58,928 There's a bunch of goats ahead of us, so what we're going to try and do is 810 00:52:59,013 --> 00:53:01,971 get airborne before we hit any of the goats. 811 00:53:22,173 --> 00:53:27,008 Toni, Toni, it's Paul in Victor Charlie now. Copy. 812 00:53:27,573 --> 00:53:29,052 Paul, this is Toni. Over. 813 00:53:29,133 --> 00:53:32,170 PAUL ON RADIO: We can see you. If you just follow us now, 814 00:53:32,253 --> 00:53:33,527 follow this bearing. 815 00:53:33,613 --> 00:53:35,683 Great, keep us posted. Out. 816 00:53:52,653 --> 00:53:56,009 NARRATOR: Suddenly, Paul sees a grey smudge in the water. 817 00:53:56,533 --> 00:53:59,605 There's a dugong! Dugong dugong, yeah. 818 00:54:00,613 --> 00:54:02,171 Right there! It's coming round. 819 00:54:02,253 --> 00:54:05,723 The wing's in the way, but you'll see him in a minute. 820 00:54:06,133 --> 00:54:10,570 (LAUGHING) We’ve got a dugong. In fact, it's a small group. 821 00:54:12,053 --> 00:54:14,613 PAUL ON RADIO: Toni, Toni, we are over... 822 00:54:14,693 --> 00:54:16,092 (Exclaims) 823 00:54:17,373 --> 00:54:19,523 Get your foot down, because we're over them right now. 824 00:54:19,613 --> 00:54:24,243 That's great news, Paul, great news. We'll make our way towards you now. 825 00:54:24,333 --> 00:54:25,846 (PAUL LAUGHING) 826 00:54:26,413 --> 00:54:28,290 TOONI: We head straight for the aeroplane, 827 00:54:28,373 --> 00:54:30,443 straight for the aeroplane. 828 00:54:34,413 --> 00:54:37,530 I can sense dugong. I can sense them. 829 00:54:43,173 --> 00:54:46,404 TOONI: Paul, Paul, which direction are they travelling in. Over? 830 00:54:46,493 --> 00:54:50,486 The track you're on, they'll be right ahead, right ahead. 831 00:54:52,773 --> 00:54:56,163 They're kind of... Running parallel with you. 832 00:54:58,013 --> 00:55:00,447 Yeah, at the surface. They are at the surface. 833 00:55:00,973 --> 00:55:02,691 Oh, I can see them! 834 00:55:03,813 --> 00:55:07,408 PAUL: Toni, can you see them? They're right in front of you. Over. 835 00:55:07,493 --> 00:55:10,644 Roger that. I can see them, Paul, I can see them. 836 00:55:26,213 --> 00:55:29,649 I'm so happy that we’ve seen them, 'cause I didn't think... I didn't think 837 00:55:29,733 --> 00:55:33,043 we were going to at all, actually, if truth be told. 838 00:55:39,493 --> 00:55:41,484 NARRATOR: Seeing the group of dugongs 839 00:55:41,573 --> 00:55:45,327 is positive evidence that the population here is surviving. 840 00:55:48,373 --> 00:55:51,922 But then Paul spots something even more encouraging, 841 00:55:52,013 --> 00:55:56,245 a sign that the dugongs here may be in better shape than they'd thought. 842 00:55:57,573 --> 00:55:59,723 PAUL: And a cub. You see the cub as well? 843 00:55:59,813 --> 00:56:01,929 Right there, right there. 844 00:56:02,813 --> 00:56:04,929 Fantastic news, look at them. 845 00:56:05,013 --> 00:56:06,048 (Exclaims) 846 00:56:06,133 --> 00:56:08,124 Three and a half dugong! 847 00:56:10,253 --> 00:56:13,370 NARRATOR: The dugongs are doing more than surviving. 848 00:56:13,453 --> 00:56:15,250 They're reproducing. 849 00:56:15,333 --> 00:56:17,369 It's incredibly good news. 850 00:56:17,653 --> 00:56:21,009 That's that. That's all right, isn't it? 851 00:56:29,653 --> 00:56:32,770 NARRATOR: The team's success has come just in time. 852 00:56:32,853 --> 00:56:35,970 We're off, we're getting so low on fuel. Over. 853 00:56:36,053 --> 00:56:37,884 Okay, Paul. Thank you so much. 854 00:56:37,973 --> 00:56:41,283 We did see the dugong, which is absolutely fantastic. 855 00:56:50,413 --> 00:56:52,244 PAUL: All right, guys. 856 00:56:52,813 --> 00:56:53,928 PHILIPPE: Here we go. 857 00:56:54,013 --> 00:56:56,811 NARRATOR: It's the end of their Indian Ocean odyssey. 858 00:56:56,893 --> 00:56:58,963 PHILIPPE: It was excellent. 859 00:56:59,573 --> 00:57:01,165 NARRATOR: They've journeyed through seas 860 00:57:01,253 --> 00:57:05,166 that support some of the most varied marine life on the planet. 861 00:57:05,493 --> 00:57:09,372 Diving with the manta rays, one of the finest dives I’ve ever had. 862 00:57:09,453 --> 00:57:12,092 You know, I’ve done over 6,000 of them. 863 00:57:12,613 --> 00:57:14,205 (ALL LAUGHING) 864 00:57:16,453 --> 00:57:19,968 PHILIPPE: The most special part of this expedition for me has been 865 00:57:20,053 --> 00:57:22,772 getting a chance to see this part of the world. 866 00:57:22,853 --> 00:57:23,888 The diversity that's here, 867 00:57:23,973 --> 00:57:27,090 the diversity of life and abundance of life 868 00:57:27,173 --> 00:57:29,926 from an ocean perspective, because coral reefs here 869 00:57:30,013 --> 00:57:34,006 in the Indian Ocean are some of the most bio diverse in the world. 870 00:57:34,973 --> 00:57:37,533 LUCY: Coming on this project and seeing, you know, 871 00:57:37,613 --> 00:57:40,810 looking at the marine life as well as the cultural context 872 00:57:40,893 --> 00:57:44,932 has just reinforced to me how little we know about this ocean. 873 00:57:45,253 --> 00:57:49,769 The Indian Ocean is so rich. I'm worried about it, though. 874 00:57:51,733 --> 00:57:54,725 NARRATOR: So far, the Indian Ocean is holding its own. 875 00:57:54,813 --> 00:57:57,964 But in a world that's being transformed so rapidly, 876 00:57:58,053 --> 00:58:00,203 how much longer can it cope? 877 00:58:02,733 --> 00:58:06,612 next time, the team continues to explore the Indian Ocean. 878 00:58:09,293 --> 00:58:11,409 They'll investigate how marine creatures can 879 00:58:11,493 --> 00:58:13,961 help predict extreme weather. 880 00:58:14,413 --> 00:58:17,086 They'll dive the remains of a medieval village. 881 00:58:17,173 --> 00:58:19,926 LUCY: See this design here? That's got to be Oriental. 882 00:58:20,333 --> 00:58:23,370 And try to protect the largest fish in the sea.