1
00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:13,570
<i>Martin luther king jr.:
A nation that continues
year after year</i>

2
00:00:13,620 --> 00:00:17,220
<i>To spend more money
on military defense</i>

3
00:00:17,250 --> 00:00:20,250
<i>Than on programs
of social uplift</i>

4
00:00:20,290 --> 00:00:23,210
Is approaching
spiritual death.

5
00:00:23,240 --> 00:00:26,530
<i>Henry wallace:
The source of all
our mistakes is fear.</i>

6
00:00:26,560 --> 00:00:28,330
<i>Out of fear,</i>

7
00:00:28,360 --> 00:00:31,260
<i>Great nations have been
acting like cornered beasts,</i>

8
00:00:31,300 --> 00:00:33,000
<i>Thinking only
of survival.</i>

9
00:00:35,900 --> 00:00:38,690
<i>George w. Bush:
Every nation in every region</i>

10
00:00:38,720 --> 00:00:41,650
<i>Now has a decision to make.</i>

11
00:00:41,690 --> 00:00:43,490
<i>Either you are with us</i>

12
00:00:43,520 --> 00:00:46,520
Or you are
with the terrorists.

13
00:00:51,960 --> 00:00:56,530
<i>Stone:
For most americans,
9/11 was a terrible tragedy.</i>

14
00:00:56,570 --> 00:00:58,800
<i>For george bush
and dick cheney,</i>

15
00:00:58,840 --> 00:01:00,740
<i>It was that plus more--</i>

16
00:01:00,770 --> 00:01:03,410
<i>A chance to implement
the agenda</i>

17
00:01:03,440 --> 00:01:07,070
<i>That their neoconservative
allies had been working up
for decades.</i>

18
00:01:07,110 --> 00:01:09,880
<i>The project for
the new american century's</i>

19
00:01:09,910 --> 00:01:13,280
<i>Recent report called
"rebuilding america's defenses"</i>

20
00:01:13,310 --> 00:01:17,870
<i>Had said "the process
of transformation is
likely to be a long one,</i>

21
00:01:17,900 --> 00:01:22,150
<i>Absent some catastrophic
and catalyzing event,</i>

22
00:01:22,200 --> 00:01:23,440
<i>Like a new pearl harbor."</i>

23
00:01:31,000 --> 00:01:32,560
<i>Al qaeda, in their mind,</i>

24
00:01:32,600 --> 00:01:35,410
<i>Had given us pearl harbor.</i>

25
00:01:35,430 --> 00:01:37,930
<i>And within minutes
of the attack,</i>

26
00:01:37,970 --> 00:01:39,670
<i>The bush team
leapt into action.</i>

27
00:01:39,700 --> 00:01:41,520
<i>With bush in florida,</i>

28
00:01:41,540 --> 00:01:43,900
<i>Vice president cheney
and his legal counsel</i>

29
00:01:43,960 --> 00:01:45,520
<i>David addington,</i>

30
00:01:45,560 --> 00:01:47,720
<i>Took charge,
arguing that the president</i>

31
00:01:47,760 --> 00:01:50,040
<i>As a wartime
commander-in-chief</i>

32
00:01:50,080 --> 00:01:53,630
<i>Could act virtually unfettered
by legal constraints.</i>

33
00:01:54,750 --> 00:01:55,910
<i>On September 12th,</i>

34
00:01:55,950 --> 00:01:57,720
<i>Already looking past
all qaeda's</i>

35
00:01:57,750 --> 00:02:00,920
<i>Osama bin laden group
in afghanistan,</i>

36
00:02:00,950 --> 00:02:05,590
<i>Bush, back in washington,
instructed counter-terrorism
chief richard clark...</i>

37
00:02:05,620 --> 00:02:07,210
<i>Bush's voice:
See if saddam did this.</i>

38
00:02:07,240 --> 00:02:08,840
<i>See if he's linked
in any way.</i>

39
00:02:08,880 --> 00:02:10,210
"it was iraq,
saddam.

40
00:02:10,230 --> 00:02:11,730
Find out,
get back to me."

41
00:02:11,760 --> 00:02:13,410
<i>And the reaction
you got that day</i>

42
00:02:13,450 --> 00:02:15,080
<i>From the defense secretary,
donald rumsfeld,</i>

43
00:02:15,110 --> 00:02:16,610
<i>From his assistant
paul wolfowitz?</i>

44
00:02:16,650 --> 00:02:18,480
Well, donald rumsfeld said,

45
00:02:18,520 --> 00:02:22,220
When we talked about bombing
the al qaeda infrastructure
in afghanistan,

46
00:02:22,250 --> 00:02:24,540
He said there were
"no good targets
in afghanistan.

47
00:02:24,590 --> 00:02:26,560
Let's bomb iraq."

48
00:02:26,590 --> 00:02:29,160
And we said,
"but iraq had nothing
to do with this."

49
00:02:29,190 --> 00:02:31,090
And that didn't seem
to make much difference.

50
00:02:31,130 --> 00:02:34,190
<i>Stone:
Donald rumsfeld had,
already on September 11th,</i>

51
00:02:34,230 --> 00:02:36,630
<i>Ordered strike plans
for iraq.</i>

52
00:02:36,660 --> 00:02:38,300
<i>"go massive," he said.</i>

53
00:02:38,330 --> 00:02:41,330
<i>"sweep it all up,
things related and not."</i>

54
00:02:42,600 --> 00:02:44,640
<i>Within a matter of days,
bush announced</i>

55
00:02:44,670 --> 00:02:46,710
<i>Before a joint
session of congress</i>

56
00:02:46,740 --> 00:02:51,440
<i>That the United States was
embarking on a global war.</i>

57
00:02:51,480 --> 00:02:54,110
From this day forward,

58
00:02:54,150 --> 00:02:58,910
Any nation that continues
to harbor or support terrorism

59
00:02:58,950 --> 00:03:00,980
Will be regarded
by the United States

60
00:03:01,020 --> 00:03:03,320
As a hostile regime.

61
00:03:03,350 --> 00:03:07,420
<i>Stone:
At home, 1,200 men were
quickly arrested and detained,</i>

62
00:03:07,460 --> 00:03:09,720
<i>Another 8,000 sought
for interrogation,</i>

63
00:03:09,760 --> 00:03:11,560
<i>Mostly muslims.</i>

64
00:03:11,590 --> 00:03:14,230
<i>Bush rushed a 362-page</i>

65
00:03:14,260 --> 00:03:17,000
<i>U.S.A. Patriot act
through congress.</i>

66
00:03:17,030 --> 00:03:19,130
<i>Senators had no time
to read the bill,</i>

67
00:03:19,170 --> 00:03:21,430
<i>Let alone debate it.</i>

68
00:03:21,470 --> 00:03:23,130
<i>Only senator russ feingold</i>

69
00:03:23,170 --> 00:03:26,540
<i>Of wisconsin voted
against it, insisting...</i>

70
00:03:26,570 --> 00:03:28,000
<i>Feingold:
Preserving our freedom</i>

71
00:03:28,040 --> 00:03:30,340
<i>Is one of the main reasons
that we are now engaged</i>

72
00:03:30,370 --> 00:03:32,210
<i>In this new war
on terrorism.</i>

73
00:03:32,240 --> 00:03:36,010
<i>We will lose that war
without firing a shot</i>

74
00:03:36,030 --> 00:03:38,900
<i>If we sacrifice the liberties
of the american people.</i>

75
00:03:38,950 --> 00:03:41,670
<i>Stone:
Bush cloaked
white house deliberations</i>

76
00:03:41,700 --> 00:03:44,600
<i>In an unprecedented
veil of secrecy,</i>

77
00:03:44,640 --> 00:03:48,140
<i>And in 2002, empowered
the national security agency</i>

78
00:03:48,170 --> 00:03:51,460
<i>To conduct
warrantless wiretaps</i>

79
00:03:51,470 --> 00:03:54,890
<i>And monitor u.S. Citizens'
emails on a massive scale...</i>

80
00:03:54,930 --> 00:03:56,230
Eyes and ears
in every room.

81
00:03:56,260 --> 00:03:58,160
<i>...In violation
of legal reviews</i>

82
00:03:58,200 --> 00:04:02,100
<i>Required by legislation
passed in 1978</i>

83
00:04:02,130 --> 00:04:06,270
<i>In reaction to
intelligence abuses of
the previous decades.</i>

84
00:04:06,300 --> 00:04:09,620
<i>The administration
barraged the public</i>

85
00:04:09,660 --> 00:04:12,220
<i>With constant alerts,
heightened security,</i>

86
00:04:12,260 --> 00:04:16,260
<i>And a five-tier system
of color-coded warnings.</i>

87
00:04:16,290 --> 00:04:19,500
<i>The system was at times
being politically manipulated</i>

88
00:04:19,530 --> 00:04:22,770
<i>By rumsfeld and
attorney general john ashcroft,</i>

89
00:04:22,800 --> 00:04:24,830
<i>And in 2005, tom ridge,</i>

90
00:04:24,870 --> 00:04:27,700
<i>Under pressure,
felt compelled to resign.</i>

91
00:04:27,740 --> 00:04:32,710
<i>Potential terror targets
jumped from 160 sites in 2003</i>

92
00:04:32,740 --> 00:04:36,580
<i>To over 300,000
in the next four years.</i>

93
00:04:36,610 --> 00:04:38,780
<i>Amazingly,
indiana led all states</i>

94
00:04:38,810 --> 00:04:42,780
<i>With 8600 potential
targets by 2006.</i>

95
00:04:42,820 --> 00:04:45,120
<i>The national database
included</i>

96
00:04:45,150 --> 00:04:48,120
<i>Petting zoos, donut shops,
popcorn stands,</i>

97
00:04:48,150 --> 00:04:50,920
<i>Ice cream parlors
and the mule day parade</i>

98
00:04:50,960 --> 00:04:52,960
<i>In columbia, tennessee.</i>

99
00:04:52,990 --> 00:04:57,740
<i>The unreality of the time
continued to heighten.</i>

100
00:04:57,780 --> 00:05:00,680
<i>At the start of world war ii,
franklin roosevelt warned,</i>

101
00:05:00,710 --> 00:05:02,610
<i>"war costs money--</i>

102
00:05:02,650 --> 00:05:05,920
<i>That means taxes and bonds
and bonds and taxes.</i>

103
00:05:05,950 --> 00:05:09,690
<i>It means cutting luxuries
and other nonessentials."</i>

104
00:05:09,720 --> 00:05:14,320
<i>Bush instead
cut taxes on the wealthy
and told americans:</i>

105
00:05:14,360 --> 00:05:18,310
Fly and enjoy america's
great destination spots.

106
00:05:18,340 --> 00:05:20,960
Take your families
and enjoy life.

107
00:05:21,000 --> 00:05:25,570
<i>Stone: Ironically,
it was arch-cold warrior
zbigniew brzezinski</i>

108
00:05:25,600 --> 00:05:28,430
<i>Who in 2007 decried bush's...</i>

109
00:05:28,470 --> 00:05:30,570
<i>Brzezinski's voice:
Five years of almost continuous</i>

110
00:05:30,600 --> 00:05:32,400
<i>National brainwashing.</i>

111
00:05:32,440 --> 00:05:34,640
<i>Where is the u.S. Leader
ready to say</i>

112
00:05:34,670 --> 00:05:38,310
<i>"enough of this hysteria;
stop this paranoia"?</i>

113
00:05:38,340 --> 00:05:41,110
<i>Even in the face of
future terrorist attacks,</i>

114
00:05:41,150 --> 00:05:43,610
<i>The likelihood of which
cannot be denied,</i>

115
00:05:43,650 --> 00:05:45,380
<i>Let us show some sense.</i>

116
00:05:45,420 --> 00:05:48,050
<i>Let us be true
to our traditions.</i>

117
00:05:48,080 --> 00:05:50,450
<i>Stone:
Terrorism,
he stressed repeatedly,</i>

118
00:05:50,490 --> 00:05:53,120
<i>Was a tactic,
not an ideology</i>

119
00:05:53,160 --> 00:05:55,060
<i>And declaring war
on a tactic</i>

120
00:05:55,090 --> 00:05:57,560
<i>Made absolutely
no sense.</i>

121
00:05:57,590 --> 00:06:00,330
We must stop the terror.

122
00:06:00,340 --> 00:06:03,510
I call upon all nations
to do everything they can

123
00:06:03,550 --> 00:06:06,130
To stop these
terrorist killers.

124
00:06:07,500 --> 00:06:10,330
Thank you.
Now watch this drive.

125
00:06:11,970 --> 00:06:14,940
<i>Stone:
But the real weight
of bush's global crusade</i>

126
00:06:14,970 --> 00:06:16,410
<i>Would be felt abroad.</i>

127
00:06:16,440 --> 00:06:19,070
<i>Less than a month after
the terrorist attacks,</i>

128
00:06:19,110 --> 00:06:21,380
<i>The u.S. Invaded
afghanistan,</i>

129
00:06:21,410 --> 00:06:24,950
<i>Ostensibly to destroy some
of the same islamic fanatics</i>

130
00:06:24,980 --> 00:06:28,450
<i>The u.S. Had helped arm
and train to defeat
the soviets</i>

131
00:06:28,480 --> 00:06:30,870
<i>Two decades earlier.</i>

132
00:06:30,900 --> 00:06:33,090
<i>Critics of the war
would point out later</i>

133
00:06:33,120 --> 00:06:37,340
<i>That no afghans were among
the 199/11 hijackers,</i>

134
00:06:37,370 --> 00:06:39,740
<i>15 of whom were saudi;</i>

135
00:06:39,780 --> 00:06:42,530
<i>And that u.S. Bungling
allowed osama bin laden</i>

136
00:06:42,560 --> 00:06:46,360
<i>And other al qaeda leaders
to escape into pakistan</i>

137
00:06:46,400 --> 00:06:48,200
<i>In early December.</i>

138
00:06:48,230 --> 00:06:51,030
<i>The c.I.A. Did round up
thousands of suspects</i>

139
00:06:51,070 --> 00:06:53,500
<i>In afghanistan and beyond.</i>

140
00:06:53,540 --> 00:06:55,700
<i>Although the u.S.
Had always considered</i>

141
00:06:55,740 --> 00:06:57,710
<i>Its humane treatment
of prisoners of war</i>

142
00:06:57,740 --> 00:07:00,040
<i>A sign of its
moral superiority,</i>

143
00:07:00,080 --> 00:07:03,080
<i>The bush administration
branded detainees as...</i>

144
00:07:05,550 --> 00:07:07,710
<i>...Waived the battlefield
hearings required,</i>

145
00:07:07,750 --> 00:07:10,780
<i>And placed them outside
the conventions of treatment</i>

146
00:07:10,820 --> 00:07:14,920
<i>Mandated by the geneva
convention of 1949.</i>

147
00:07:14,950 --> 00:07:17,390
<i>When foreign governments
criticized his position,</i>

148
00:07:17,420 --> 00:07:19,860
<i>Bush backed down
on the taliban suspects,</i>

149
00:07:19,890 --> 00:07:22,690
<i>But refused
to change his policy
for the al qaeda fighters.</i>

150
00:07:22,730 --> 00:07:24,860
<i>Bush said...</i>

151
00:07:24,890 --> 00:07:26,660
<i>Bush's voice:
I don't care what
the international lawyers say,</i>

152
00:07:26,700 --> 00:07:29,130
<i>We are going to kick some ass.</i>

153
00:07:29,170 --> 00:07:32,070
<i>Stone:
The u.S. Flew
an unknown number of detainees</i>

154
00:07:32,100 --> 00:07:34,850
<i>To secret "black sites"
around the world</i>

155
00:07:34,890 --> 00:07:38,520
<i>In such places as thailand,
poland, romania, and morocco,</i>

156
00:07:38,560 --> 00:07:42,390
<i>Where torture and other
"harsh interrogation
techniques"</i>

157
00:07:42,430 --> 00:07:44,130
<i>Were implemented.</i>

158
00:07:44,160 --> 00:07:46,430
<i>Hundreds of others were
imprisoned at the u.S.
Naval station</i>

159
00:07:46,460 --> 00:07:48,880
<i>At guantanamo bay, cuba.</i>

160
00:07:48,910 --> 00:07:51,680
<i>At its peak in may 2003,</i>

161
00:07:51,720 --> 00:07:54,780
<i>The prison held
roughly 680 men,</i>

162
00:07:54,820 --> 00:07:57,150
<i>Age 13 to 98.</i>

163
00:07:57,190 --> 00:08:01,220
<i>5% of these were captured
by u.S. Troops.</i>

164
00:08:01,260 --> 00:08:03,690
<i>More than 80%
were turned over,</i>

165
00:08:03,730 --> 00:08:05,360
<i>Often for cash rewards,</i>

166
00:08:05,390 --> 00:08:08,450
<i>By a combination
of afghan warlord militias</i>

167
00:08:08,480 --> 00:08:12,050
<i>And both afghan and
pakistani bounty hunters.</i>

168
00:08:12,080 --> 00:08:16,420
<i>Government sources show that
only 8% were al qaeda fighters.</i>

169
00:08:16,450 --> 00:08:18,150
<i>600 have been released,</i>

170
00:08:18,190 --> 00:08:21,290
<i>Six convicted,
and according
to the government,</i>

171
00:08:21,320 --> 00:08:23,960
<i>Nine have died--
most from suicide.</i>

172
00:08:23,990 --> 00:08:25,760
<i>As of 2012,</i>

173
00:08:25,790 --> 00:08:28,560
<i>166 men from
more than 20 countries</i>

174
00:08:28,600 --> 00:08:30,830
<i>Remain in guantanamo.</i>

175
00:08:30,860 --> 00:08:33,700
<i>The bush administration
encouraged the c.I.A.</i>

176
00:08:33,730 --> 00:08:36,230
<i>To employ 10 enhanced
interrogation methods</i>

177
00:08:36,270 --> 00:08:39,570
<i>That were the product
of decades of research
into torture,</i>

178
00:08:39,610 --> 00:08:42,620
<i>Honed by allies
in foreign countries.</i>

179
00:08:49,430 --> 00:08:51,450
<i>In February 2004,</i>

180
00:08:51,480 --> 00:08:54,880
<i>Major general antonio taguba
reported that his investigation</i>

181
00:08:54,920 --> 00:08:57,450
<i>Had turned up
numerous instances of...</i>

182
00:08:57,490 --> 00:09:00,320
<i>Taguba's voice:
Sadistic, blatant,
and wanton criminal abuses</i>

183
00:09:00,350 --> 00:09:03,260
<i>...At abu ghraib prison
in iraq.</i>

184
00:09:03,290 --> 00:09:04,520
<i>Taguba's voice:
There is no longer any doubt</i>

185
00:09:04,560 --> 00:09:06,430
<i>As to whether
the current administration</i>

186
00:09:06,460 --> 00:09:08,590
<i>Has committed war crimes.</i>

187
00:09:08,630 --> 00:09:12,560
<i>Stone:
Arthur schlesinger, jr.,
a former kennedy aide,</i>

188
00:09:12,600 --> 00:09:14,900
<i>Said this torture policy
was the...</i>

189
00:09:14,930 --> 00:09:17,530
<i>Schlesinger's voice:
Most dramatic sustained
and radical challenge</i>

190
00:09:17,570 --> 00:09:19,670
<i>To the rule of law
in american history.</i>

191
00:09:19,700 --> 00:09:22,810
<i>No position taken
has done more damage</i>

192
00:09:22,840 --> 00:09:26,170
<i>To the american reputation
in the world... Ever!</i>

193
00:09:28,440 --> 00:09:31,210
<i>Stone:
Although the security
situation in afghanistan</i>

194
00:09:31,250 --> 00:09:33,910
<i>Worsened over
the next seven years,</i>

195
00:09:33,950 --> 00:09:38,480
<i>And the u.S. Presence grew
from 2500 to 30,000 troops,</i>

196
00:09:38,520 --> 00:09:41,170
<i>Afghanistan was
a distraction to bush.</i>

197
00:09:41,200 --> 00:09:43,640
<i>His attention was
focused on toppling</i>

198
00:09:43,670 --> 00:09:46,970
<i>His father's old adversary--
saddam hussein.</i>

199
00:09:47,010 --> 00:09:48,710
<i>Bush:
Evidence from
intelligence sources,</i>

200
00:09:48,740 --> 00:09:51,110
Secret communications
and statements

201
00:09:51,150 --> 00:09:53,450
By people now in custody,

202
00:09:53,480 --> 00:09:57,120
Reveal that saddam hussein aids
and protects terrorists...

203
00:09:58,350 --> 00:10:00,790
Including members
of al qaeda.

204
00:10:00,820 --> 00:10:03,120
<i>Stone:
As had bill casey
in the 1980s</i>

205
00:10:03,160 --> 00:10:05,590
<i>And lyndon johnson
in vietnam,</i>

206
00:10:05,620 --> 00:10:07,890
<i>Bush used
false intelligence.</i>

207
00:10:07,930 --> 00:10:10,630
<i>Bush:
There is no question
that the leader of iraq</i>

208
00:10:10,660 --> 00:10:12,030
Is an evil man.

209
00:10:13,760 --> 00:10:16,560
After all,
he gassed his own people.

210
00:10:18,430 --> 00:10:19,930
We know
he's been developing

211
00:10:19,970 --> 00:10:22,840
Weapons
of mass destruction.

212
00:10:22,870 --> 00:10:24,740
<i>Stone:
U.N. Inspectors
searched high and low,</i>

213
00:10:24,770 --> 00:10:28,010
<i>Visiting sites
identified by the c.I.A.</i>

214
00:10:28,040 --> 00:10:30,480
<i>They found nothing,
but bush insisted</i>

215
00:10:30,510 --> 00:10:32,210
<i>The w.M.D. Were there.</i>

216
00:10:32,250 --> 00:10:34,550
<i>Bush:
The british government has
learned that saddam hussein</i>

217
00:10:34,580 --> 00:10:38,820
Recently sought
significant quantities
of uranium from africa.

218
00:10:40,550 --> 00:10:41,850
<i>Stone:
Bush told bob woodward</i>

219
00:10:41,890 --> 00:10:43,890
<i>Of "the washington post"
around this time...</i>

220
00:10:43,920 --> 00:10:46,020
<i>Bush's voice:
I do not need to explain
why I say things.</i>

221
00:10:46,060 --> 00:10:47,960
<i>I don't feel like
I owe anybody</i>

222
00:10:47,990 --> 00:10:50,060
<i>Any explanations.</i>

223
00:10:50,090 --> 00:10:52,290
<i>Stone:
These were extraordinary times.</i>

224
00:10:52,330 --> 00:10:54,030
<i>Words took on new meanings,</i>

225
00:10:54,060 --> 00:10:57,160
<i>Fulfilling george orwell's
prophecies of "doublespeak"</i>

226
00:10:57,200 --> 00:10:59,430
<i>In his novel "1984"--</i>

227
00:10:59,470 --> 00:11:02,300
<i>First they steal the words,
then they steal the meaning.</i>

228
00:11:02,340 --> 00:11:05,500
<i>Words like "axis of evil,"
"war against terror,"</i>

229
00:11:05,540 --> 00:11:08,420
<i>"regime change,"
"simulated drowning,"</i>

230
00:11:08,460 --> 00:11:10,020
<i>"preventive war."</i>

231
00:11:10,060 --> 00:11:13,090
<i>Civilians killed were now
"collateral damage."</i>

232
00:11:13,130 --> 00:11:14,730
<i>C.I.A. Kidnappings</i>

233
00:11:14,760 --> 00:11:18,230
<i>Were now
"extraordinary renditions."</i>

234
00:11:18,270 --> 00:11:21,500
<i>And that most patriotic
concept, "the homeland,"</i>

235
00:11:21,530 --> 00:11:24,240
<i>Grew into a gargantuan
new federal agency</i>

236
00:11:24,270 --> 00:11:27,840
<i>As labyrinthine
as the pentagon.</i>

237
00:11:27,870 --> 00:11:32,640
<i>The french philosopher voltaire
in the 18th century observed,</i>

238
00:11:32,680 --> 00:11:34,640
<i>"those who can make you
believe absurdities</i>

239
00:11:34,680 --> 00:11:37,250
<i>Can make you
commit atrocities."</i>

240
00:11:37,280 --> 00:11:42,270
<i>The descent into unreality
was dizzying.</i>

241
00:11:42,300 --> 00:11:46,140
<i>"black hawk down," another
popular oscar-nominated film</i>

242
00:11:46,170 --> 00:11:48,790
<i>Appeared in late 2001,</i>

243
00:11:48,820 --> 00:11:51,790
<i>Glorifying american
heroism and technology</i>

244
00:11:51,840 --> 00:11:54,190
<i>In 1990's somalia.</i>

245
00:12:15,060 --> 00:12:19,130
<i>Through technology, video games
became more and more lifelike.</i>

246
00:12:19,160 --> 00:12:21,230
<i>And on television</i>

247
00:12:21,270 --> 00:12:24,230
<i>Increasingly bizarre and
fanciful reality game shows</i>

248
00:12:24,270 --> 00:12:26,070
<i>Prospered in the ratings.</i>

249
00:12:26,100 --> 00:12:27,370
Jenna, the tribe
has spoken.

250
00:12:29,410 --> 00:12:31,660
<i>U.S. Media beat
the drums of war.</i>

251
00:12:31,690 --> 00:12:34,760
<i>M.S.N.B.C., which was owned
by general electric,</i>

252
00:12:34,790 --> 00:12:37,690
<i>Cancelled phil donahue's
popular primetime show</i>

253
00:12:37,730 --> 00:12:39,560
<i>Three weeks before
the invasion.</i>

254
00:12:39,600 --> 00:12:41,100
<i>Officials feared
that the show...</i>

255
00:12:50,810 --> 00:12:52,240
<i>And wave the flag
they did.</i>

256
00:12:52,270 --> 00:12:54,910
<i>C.N.N., fox, n.B.C. Paraded</i>

257
00:12:54,940 --> 00:12:57,580
<i>Over 75 retired
generals and officers,</i>

258
00:12:57,610 --> 00:12:59,450
<i>Almost all of whom
were later revealed</i>

259
00:12:59,480 --> 00:13:01,910
<i>To be working directly
for military contractors.</i>

260
00:13:01,950 --> 00:13:05,220
<i>Pentagon officials
gave them talking points,</i>

261
00:13:05,250 --> 00:13:07,990
<i>Portraying iraq
as an urgent threat.</i>

262
00:13:08,020 --> 00:13:09,890
<i>Major newspapers
and magazines,</i>

263
00:13:09,920 --> 00:13:12,790
<i>Including "the new york times,"
advanced the same message.</i>

264
00:13:12,820 --> 00:13:16,160
<i>One bush insider told
journalist ron suskind</i>

265
00:13:16,190 --> 00:13:19,800
<i>That suskind represented
"the reality-based community,"</i>

266
00:13:19,830 --> 00:13:22,530
<i>But "that's not the way
the world works anymore.</i>

267
00:13:22,560 --> 00:13:24,000
<i>We're an empire now,</i>

268
00:13:24,030 --> 00:13:27,870
<i>And when we act,
we create our own reality."</i>

269
00:13:27,900 --> 00:13:29,840
<i>When France,
germany and russia,</i>

270
00:13:29,870 --> 00:13:31,810
<i>As well as most of
the security council,</i>

271
00:13:31,840 --> 00:13:34,010
<i>Refused to support
the u.S. Position,</i>

272
00:13:34,040 --> 00:13:37,210
<i>Bush was furious
and rumsfeld sneered...</i>

273
00:13:37,240 --> 00:13:39,740
You're thinking of europe
as germany and France.

274
00:13:39,780 --> 00:13:41,080
I don't.

275
00:13:41,110 --> 00:13:42,610
I think that's old europe.

276
00:13:42,650 --> 00:13:45,080
<i>Stone:
French fries in
the congressional cafeteria</i>

277
00:13:45,120 --> 00:13:47,680
<i>Were renamed
"freedom fries,"</i>

278
00:13:47,720 --> 00:13:52,100
<i>Just as sauerkraut
became "liberty cabbage"
during world war I.</i>

279
00:13:52,140 --> 00:13:54,440
<i>Bush laid out
his new strategy</i>

280
00:13:54,470 --> 00:13:58,890
<i>In a speech to the cadets
at west point in June 2002.</i>

281
00:13:58,930 --> 00:14:00,890
We must take
the battle to the enemy,

282
00:14:00,930 --> 00:14:02,630
Disrupt its plans

283
00:14:02,660 --> 00:14:04,760
And confront
the worst threats

284
00:14:04,800 --> 00:14:06,770
Before they emerge.

285
00:14:06,800 --> 00:14:09,100
<i>Stone:
The u.S. Would act
unilaterally and preemptively</i>

286
00:14:09,140 --> 00:14:10,970
<i>To overthrow
any government</i>

287
00:14:11,000 --> 00:14:13,770
<i>Deemed a threat
to u.S. Security.</i>

288
00:14:13,810 --> 00:14:15,770
<i>Cheney had declared...</i>

289
00:14:15,810 --> 00:14:19,580
<i>Cheney's voice:
If there's a 1% chance
pakistani scientists</i>

290
00:14:19,610 --> 00:14:22,780
<i>Are helping al qaeda build
or develop a nuclear weapon,</i>

291
00:14:22,810 --> 00:14:25,050
<i>We have to treat it
as a certainty</i>

292
00:14:25,080 --> 00:14:27,850
<i>In terms of our response.</i>

293
00:14:27,880 --> 00:14:29,880
In the world
we have entered,

294
00:14:29,920 --> 00:14:32,690
The only path to safety

295
00:14:32,720 --> 00:14:34,890
Is the path of action.

296
00:14:34,920 --> 00:14:38,560
And this nation will act.

297
00:14:38,590 --> 00:14:42,500
<i>Stone: 60 countries
made it on to bush's
potential hit list.</i>

298
00:14:42,530 --> 00:14:46,160
<i>With bush calling
for a moral crusade,</i>

299
00:14:46,200 --> 00:14:49,970
<i>Saying that the United States
must defend liberty and justice</i>

300
00:14:50,000 --> 00:14:52,400
<i>Because these principles
are right and true</i>

301
00:14:52,440 --> 00:14:55,070
<i>For all people everywhere.</i>

302
00:14:55,110 --> 00:14:58,310
Moral truth is the same
in every culture,

303
00:14:58,340 --> 00:15:01,580
In every time
and in every place.

304
00:15:01,610 --> 00:15:04,950
<i>Stone:
It was a bold statement
of american exceptionalism.</i>

305
00:15:04,980 --> 00:15:07,050
<i>Bruce bartlett, who served</i>

306
00:15:07,080 --> 00:15:10,120
<i>In both the reagan
and first bush administrations
explained...</i>

307
00:15:10,150 --> 00:15:13,120
<i>Bartlett's voice:
This is why george w. Bush
is so clear-eyed</i>

308
00:15:13,150 --> 00:15:16,140
<i>About al qaeda
and the islamic
fundamentalist enemy.</i>

309
00:15:16,170 --> 00:15:19,340
<i>He understands them
because he's just like them.</i>

310
00:15:19,370 --> 00:15:22,080
<i>He truly believes
he's on a mission from god.</i>

311
00:15:22,110 --> 00:15:24,810
<i>The whole thing about faith
is to believe things</i>

312
00:15:24,850 --> 00:15:27,080
<i>For where there is
no empirical evidence.</i>

313
00:15:27,120 --> 00:15:29,620
I have a sense of calm

314
00:15:29,650 --> 00:15:32,750
Knowing that
the bible's admonition,

315
00:15:32,790 --> 00:15:35,020
"thy will be done,"

316
00:15:35,050 --> 00:15:37,690
Is life's guide.

317
00:15:37,720 --> 00:15:39,670
<i>Stone:
In early October of 2002,</i>

318
00:15:39,710 --> 00:15:42,280
<i>Congress empowered bush
to go to war</i>

319
00:15:42,310 --> 00:15:45,080
<i>Against iraq
on his own authority,</i>

320
00:15:45,110 --> 00:15:46,680
<i>Whenever he deemed it
appropriate,</i>

321
00:15:46,710 --> 00:15:48,410
<i>Using whatever means,</i>

322
00:15:48,450 --> 00:15:51,620
<i>Including nuclear weapons,
he felt necessary.</i>

323
00:15:51,650 --> 00:15:53,880
<i>The resolution drew
a direct connection</i>

324
00:15:53,920 --> 00:15:55,950
<i>Between iraq and al qaeda.</i>

325
00:15:55,990 --> 00:15:58,360
<i>Among those authorizing this</i>

326
00:15:58,390 --> 00:16:01,220
<i>Were senators john kerry
and hillary clinton.</i>

327
00:16:01,260 --> 00:16:03,590
<i>This would cost
both of them dearly</i>

328
00:16:03,630 --> 00:16:05,460
<i>In their runs for president.</i>

329
00:16:05,500 --> 00:16:07,600
<i>Not all were fooled.</i>

330
00:16:07,630 --> 00:16:11,400
Escalating this war
and expanding this war

331
00:16:11,430 --> 00:16:14,940
Does nothing in terms
of our national security.

332
00:16:14,970 --> 00:16:17,540
It puts us more at risk.

333
00:16:17,570 --> 00:16:21,740
Iraq was not a haven
for terrorists as it is now.

334
00:16:21,780 --> 00:16:26,140
Again, iraq,
saddam hussein and al qaeda--

335
00:16:26,180 --> 00:16:29,750
There was no connection and
we have to dispel that notion

336
00:16:29,780 --> 00:16:32,680
So the american people
know the truth.

337
00:16:32,720 --> 00:16:35,550
<i>Stone:
Millions of protesters hit
the streets around the world--</i>

338
00:16:35,590 --> 00:16:37,190
<i>Three million in rome,</i>

339
00:16:37,220 --> 00:16:38,550
<i>A million in london,</i>

340
00:16:38,590 --> 00:16:40,960
<i>Hundreds of thousands
in new york.</i>

341
00:16:40,990 --> 00:16:43,860
<i>"time" magazine surveyed
several hundred thousand
europeans.</i>

342
00:16:43,890 --> 00:16:45,630
<i>84% thought the United States</i>

343
00:16:45,660 --> 00:16:47,560
<i>The greatest threat to peace;</i>

344
00:16:47,600 --> 00:16:50,230
<i>8% thought iraq was.</i>

345
00:16:50,260 --> 00:16:52,630
<i>Bush sent secretary of state
colin powell,</i>

346
00:16:52,670 --> 00:16:55,670
<i>The most respected member
of his administration,</i>

347
00:16:55,700 --> 00:16:58,670
<i>Before the united nations
to make a case for war.</i>

348
00:16:58,710 --> 00:17:00,170
<i>He told powell...</i>

349
00:17:00,210 --> 00:17:01,440
<i>Bush's voice:
Maybe they'll believe you.</i>

350
00:17:01,470 --> 00:17:03,770
Saddam hussein is determined

351
00:17:03,810 --> 00:17:06,310
To get his hands
on a nuclear bomb.

352
00:17:06,340 --> 00:17:08,580
<i>Stone:
Powell spoke
for 75 minutes.</i>

353
00:17:08,610 --> 00:17:10,910
<i>It was a thoroughly
shameful performance,</i>

354
00:17:10,950 --> 00:17:13,180
<i>Promoting false intelligence</i>

355
00:17:13,220 --> 00:17:16,120
<i>That powell later called
a low point in his career.</i>

356
00:17:16,150 --> 00:17:18,520
<i>But the speech, although
it fell flat overseas,</i>

357
00:17:18,550 --> 00:17:21,420
<i>Had the desired impact
on u.S. Public opinion.</i>

358
00:17:21,460 --> 00:17:26,330
<i>Support for the war
jumped from 50% to 63%.</i>

359
00:17:26,360 --> 00:17:30,660
<i>"the washington post"
pronounced the evidence
on w.M.D. "irrefutable."</i>

360
00:17:30,700 --> 00:17:33,530
<i>The u.S., without
a security council resolution,</i>

361
00:17:33,570 --> 00:17:36,600
<i>Was moving inexorably
towards war.</i>

362
00:17:36,640 --> 00:17:38,400
<i>The truth was even darker.</i>

363
00:17:38,440 --> 00:17:41,240
<i>For bush, iraq was
only the appetizer.</i>

364
00:17:41,270 --> 00:17:44,540
<i>After devouring iraq,
the neocons had their eyes set</i>

365
00:17:44,570 --> 00:17:46,010
<i>On the main course.</i>

366
00:17:46,040 --> 00:17:49,340
<i>Pentagon officials foresaw
a 5-year campaign</i>

367
00:17:49,380 --> 00:17:52,610
<i>With a total
of seven targeted countries,</i>

368
00:17:52,650 --> 00:17:56,480
<i>Beginning with iraq,
syria, lebanon, libya,</i>

369
00:17:56,520 --> 00:18:00,550
<i>Somalia, sudan
and the biggest prize of all,</i>

370
00:18:00,590 --> 00:18:01,890
<i>Iran.</i>

371
00:18:01,920 --> 00:18:04,890
<i>It would be a war
to remake the world</i>

372
00:18:04,920 --> 00:18:06,760
<i>The neoconservative way.</i>

373
00:18:06,790 --> 00:18:09,030
<i>Talk of empire abounded.</i>

374
00:18:09,060 --> 00:18:11,430
<i>"the new york times"
Sunday magazine cover</i>

375
00:18:11,460 --> 00:18:14,030
<i>For January 5, 2003 read:</i>

376
00:18:14,070 --> 00:18:17,330
<i>"american empire:
Get used to it."</i>

377
00:18:17,370 --> 00:18:20,650
<i>Bush clearly was a man
with a boldness of vision.</i>

378
00:18:20,690 --> 00:18:24,690
<i>He'd always exhibited an
outlaw side as a younger man.</i>

379
00:18:24,720 --> 00:18:27,660
<i>Now he would outdo
his towering father</i>

380
00:18:27,690 --> 00:18:31,190
<i>By going beyond
the laws of nations.</i>

381
00:18:31,230 --> 00:18:34,760
<i>The 8-year war became
the debacle critics predicted.</i>

382
00:18:34,800 --> 00:18:37,070
<i>Iraqi society
was rent asunder.</i>

383
00:18:37,100 --> 00:18:39,270
<i>Like vietnam,
it warped america,</i>

384
00:18:39,300 --> 00:18:43,140
<i>Polarizing it even further
as costs and casualties</i>

385
00:18:43,170 --> 00:18:45,110
<i>Mounted on all sides.</i>

386
00:18:47,340 --> 00:18:51,540
<i>Yet remarkably,
bush won the 2004 election</i>

387
00:18:51,580 --> 00:18:55,650
<i>With a naked appeal to even
more fervent patriotism.</i>

388
00:18:55,680 --> 00:18:58,150
<i>By 2008,
when bush left office</i>

389
00:18:58,180 --> 00:19:01,220
<i>With the most dismal poll
ratings since harry truman,</i>

390
00:19:01,250 --> 00:19:04,120
<i>He had not only thoroughly
mismanaged two wars...</i>

391
00:19:06,660 --> 00:19:09,760
<i>As well as the federal relief
efforts for new orleans</i>

392
00:19:09,790 --> 00:19:12,760
<i>In the aftermath
of hurricane katrina,</i>

393
00:19:12,800 --> 00:19:15,160
<i>But most importantly,
in the eyes of the public,</i>

394
00:19:15,200 --> 00:19:18,150
<i>He mismanaged
the economy of the country</i>

395
00:19:18,180 --> 00:19:20,900
<i>Which nearly collapsed
in 2008</i>

396
00:19:20,940 --> 00:19:24,420
<i>And ensured the presidency
to the democrats.</i>

397
00:19:24,460 --> 00:19:27,820
<i>His successor,
barack hussein obama,</i>

398
00:19:27,860 --> 00:19:29,690
<i>Child of a black
kenyan father</i>

399
00:19:29,730 --> 00:19:31,760
<i>And a white kansas mother,</i>

400
00:19:31,790 --> 00:19:33,830
<i>Who was raised
in indonesia and hawaii,</i>

401
00:19:33,860 --> 00:19:37,230
<i>Became at 47 president
of the United States</i>

402
00:19:37,270 --> 00:19:40,700
<i>Evoking great
hopes for change.</i>

403
00:19:40,730 --> 00:19:45,270
<i>His words and demeanor attested
to the other side of america--</i>

404
00:19:45,300 --> 00:19:48,910
<i>Constitutional, humanist,
global, environmental.</i>

405
00:19:48,940 --> 00:19:51,640
<i>Obama had spoken out strongly
against the iraq war.</i>

406
00:19:51,680 --> 00:19:55,110
What I do oppose
is a dumb war.

407
00:19:55,150 --> 00:19:58,510
<i>Stone: Financed by
the internet's multitude
of small contributors</i>

408
00:19:58,550 --> 00:20:01,120
<i>Stunned the heavily
favored and financed</i>

409
00:20:01,150 --> 00:20:03,050
<i>Democratic party choice,</i>

410
00:20:03,090 --> 00:20:05,850
<i>Hillary clinton
in the primaries.</i>

411
00:20:05,890 --> 00:20:08,320
<i>He now confronted
an ex-military man,</i>

412
00:20:08,360 --> 00:20:11,720
<i>Conservative john mccain
in the national election.</i>

413
00:20:11,760 --> 00:20:14,130
<i>The wind was at obama's back.</i>

414
00:20:14,160 --> 00:20:17,680
<i>Perhaps not since roosevelt
in the early 1930s</i>

415
00:20:17,710 --> 00:20:20,800
<i>Was there such
populist anger at wall street</i>

416
00:20:20,850 --> 00:20:24,800
<i>And the unnecessary
wars of empire.</i>

417
00:20:24,850 --> 00:20:27,600
<i>But then an unexpected
thing happened.</i>

418
00:20:27,640 --> 00:20:30,340
<i>Obama betrayed
his earlier promise,</i>

419
00:20:30,370 --> 00:20:34,210
<i>And became the first candidate
to run in a general election</i>

420
00:20:34,240 --> 00:20:36,540
<i>To reject public financing</i>

421
00:20:36,580 --> 00:20:39,910
<i>In favor of private financing
without limits.</i>

422
00:20:39,950 --> 00:20:42,120
<i>Mccain, who took
the public option,</i>

423
00:20:42,150 --> 00:20:44,950
<i>Was badly outspent
two to one.</i>

424
00:20:44,990 --> 00:20:48,640
<i>In this period, obama turned
quietly to wall street funders</i>

425
00:20:48,670 --> 00:20:52,710
<i>With deep pockets like
j.P. Morgan, goldman sachs</i>

426
00:20:52,740 --> 00:20:55,240
<i>And citigroup,
as well as general electric</i>

427
00:20:55,280 --> 00:20:58,380
<i>And other defense contractors,
computer giants</i>

428
00:20:58,410 --> 00:21:01,250
<i>And the pharmaceuticals
industry.- Big pharma.-</i>

429
00:21:01,280 --> 00:21:03,620
<i>Which reversed years
of supporting republicans,</i>

430
00:21:03,650 --> 00:21:07,520
<i>Giving obama three times
as much as mccain.</i>

431
00:21:07,550 --> 00:21:11,520
<i>Few of obama's supporters
complained at the time.</i>

432
00:21:11,560 --> 00:21:13,520
<i>His victory
in the national election</i>

433
00:21:13,560 --> 00:21:15,390
<i>Was applauded
across the world--</i>

434
00:21:15,430 --> 00:21:17,790
<i>A new america was here.</i>

435
00:21:17,830 --> 00:21:22,000
<i>Though conservatives would
absurdly decry obama
as a socialist,</i>

436
00:21:22,030 --> 00:21:24,000
<i>By far the biggest
winner in the election</i>

437
00:21:24,030 --> 00:21:26,530
<i>Turned out to be wall street.</i>

438
00:21:26,570 --> 00:21:29,000
<i>Obama brought back
the same economic team</i>

439
00:21:29,040 --> 00:21:31,410
<i>That under clinton
had done so much</i>

440
00:21:31,440 --> 00:21:33,340
<i>To deregulate the economy.</i>

441
00:21:33,370 --> 00:21:35,080
<i>"the new york times"
referred to them as</i>

442
00:21:35,110 --> 00:21:37,480
<i>"a constellation of rubinites,"</i>

443
00:21:37,510 --> 00:21:41,350
<i>Acolytes of the most powerful
treasury secretary in decades,</i>

444
00:21:41,380 --> 00:21:43,010
<i>Robert rubin.</i>

445
00:21:43,050 --> 00:21:45,820
<i>After nearly wrecking
the world economy</i>

446
00:21:45,850 --> 00:21:49,020
<i>With spectacular innovations
in leveraging and speculation,</i>

447
00:21:49,050 --> 00:21:51,340
<i>Several giant banks,
insurance companies</i>

448
00:21:51,370 --> 00:21:55,410
<i>And mortgage lenders,
prophesying the collapse
of the world's economy</i>

449
00:21:55,440 --> 00:21:58,680
<i>If they went under--
they were in other words
"too big to fail"--</i>

450
00:21:58,710 --> 00:22:02,880
<i>Eagerly accepted
a $700 billion bailout</i>

451
00:22:02,910 --> 00:22:05,550
<i>On remarkably easy terms.</i>

452
00:22:05,580 --> 00:22:07,550
<i>In addition,
the federal reserve board</i>

453
00:22:07,590 --> 00:22:10,650
<i>Cut the interest rate
for banks to 0%.</i>

454
00:22:10,690 --> 00:22:13,190
<i>It became almost
unpatriotic at the time</i>

455
00:22:13,220 --> 00:22:17,290
<i>To question the rightness
of these financial rescues.</i>

456
00:22:17,330 --> 00:22:19,690
<i>But there were
those who wondered--</i>

457
00:22:19,730 --> 00:22:21,980
<i>Could not some of
the sicker financial entities</i>

458
00:22:22,000 --> 00:22:24,100
<i>Be let go and broken up?</i>

459
00:22:24,130 --> 00:22:25,920
<i>Could not these giants
be confronted</i>

460
00:22:25,950 --> 00:22:29,750
<i>With the real market value
of their toxic assets?</i>

461
00:22:29,790 --> 00:22:31,590
<i>The public wanted revenge.</i>

462
00:22:31,620 --> 00:22:35,310
<i>It was a classic depression
back room moment,</i>

463
00:22:35,340 --> 00:22:37,440
<i>As illustrated
by frank capra.</i>

464
00:22:37,480 --> 00:22:39,930
You sit there back
of your big cigars

465
00:22:39,940 --> 00:22:41,530
And think of deliberately
killing an idea

466
00:22:41,560 --> 00:22:44,200
That's made millions of people
a little bit happier,

467
00:22:44,230 --> 00:22:46,530
An idea that's brought
thousands of them here

468
00:22:46,570 --> 00:22:48,070
From all over the country

469
00:22:48,100 --> 00:22:50,270
By bus and by freight
and jalopies,

470
00:22:50,300 --> 00:22:51,450
And on foot!

471
00:22:51,490 --> 00:22:52,790
<i>So they could pass
onto each other</i>

472
00:22:52,820 --> 00:22:54,710
<i>Their own simple
little experiences.</i>

473
00:22:54,740 --> 00:22:57,010
<i>Why look,</i>

474
00:22:57,040 --> 00:22:58,940
<i>I'm just a mug
and I know it.</i>

475
00:22:58,980 --> 00:23:00,980
<i>But I'm beginning to
understand a lot of things.</i>

476
00:23:01,010 --> 00:23:03,080
Why, your type's
as old as history.

477
00:23:03,110 --> 00:23:04,750
If you can't lay
your dirty fingers

478
00:23:04,780 --> 00:23:06,950
On a decent idea
and twist it and squeeze it

479
00:23:06,980 --> 00:23:08,080
And stuff it
into your own pocket,

480
00:23:08,120 --> 00:23:09,870
You slap it down!
Like dogs,

481
00:23:09,900 --> 00:23:11,720
If you can't eat something,
you bury it!

482
00:23:13,320 --> 00:23:15,620
<i>Stone:
Former federal reserve
chairman, paul volcker,</i>

483
00:23:15,660 --> 00:23:17,490
<i>Urged obama to act.</i>

484
00:23:17,520 --> 00:23:19,930
<i>Volcker's voice:
Right now, when you have
your chance</i>

485
00:23:19,960 --> 00:23:21,890
<i>And their breasts are bared,</i>

486
00:23:21,930 --> 00:23:23,560
<i>You need to put a spear
through the heart</i>

487
00:23:23,600 --> 00:23:25,430
<i>Of all these guys
on wall street</i>

488
00:23:25,460 --> 00:23:28,630
<i>That for years have been
mostly debt merchants.</i>

489
00:23:28,670 --> 00:23:31,320
<i>Stone:
But it didn't happen.
The bailout was forced through</i>

490
00:23:31,350 --> 00:23:34,150
<i>A panicked congress,
the media applauded.</i>

491
00:23:34,190 --> 00:23:37,020
<i>The treasury made
no immediate demands</i>

492
00:23:37,060 --> 00:23:39,960
<i>That bankers make that money
available in new loans</i>

493
00:23:39,990 --> 00:23:41,630
<i>To businesses
or the public,</i>

494
00:23:41,660 --> 00:23:46,130
<i>Or, for that matter,
cut their personal
compensations.</i>

495
00:23:46,160 --> 00:23:48,500
<i>And made no demands that
shareholders or bondholders</i>

496
00:23:48,530 --> 00:23:50,100
<i>Absorb any losses.</i>

497
00:23:50,130 --> 00:23:53,240
<i>Taxpayers would fund
the bailout alone.</i>

498
00:23:53,270 --> 00:23:56,570
<i>The biggest losers over time
would be workers,</i>

499
00:23:56,610 --> 00:23:58,970
<i>Pensioners,
older people with savings,</i>

500
00:23:59,010 --> 00:24:00,930
<i>Homeowners,
small businessmen,</i>

501
00:24:00,960 --> 00:24:04,530
<i>Students with loans, and those,
especially african-americans,</i>

502
00:24:04,560 --> 00:24:06,860
<i>Who lost their jobs
to a surging,</i>

503
00:24:06,900 --> 00:24:09,770
<i>Structural
unemployment problem.</i>

504
00:24:09,800 --> 00:24:11,970
<i>Many simply lost
their tenuous grip</i>

505
00:24:12,000 --> 00:24:14,040
<i>On the proverbial
american dream</i>

506
00:24:14,070 --> 00:24:15,500
<i>Of joining
the middle class.</i>

507
00:24:15,540 --> 00:24:18,960
<i>The myth of upward mobility
was shattered.</i>

508
00:24:18,990 --> 00:24:21,330
<i>The bankers, or "banksters"
as they were nicknamed</i>

509
00:24:21,360 --> 00:24:23,760
<i>During the great depression
of the 1930s,</i>

510
00:24:23,790 --> 00:24:26,860
<i>Had talked
of voluntary restraint,</i>

511
00:24:26,900 --> 00:24:29,160
<i>But received record
compensation packages</i>

512
00:24:29,200 --> 00:24:31,400
<i>For the next two years.</i>

513
00:24:31,430 --> 00:24:34,340
<i>Whereas c.E.O.S
in britain and canada</i>

514
00:24:34,370 --> 00:24:38,200
<i>Earned 20 times as much
as the average worker in 2010--</i>

515
00:24:38,240 --> 00:24:40,820
<i>And in japan 11 times--</i>

516
00:24:40,860 --> 00:24:42,890
<i>In the u.S., c.E.O.S made</i>

517
00:24:42,930 --> 00:24:47,380
<i>343 times as much
as the average worker.</i>

518
00:24:48,900 --> 00:24:51,950
<i>The number of billionaires
went from 13 in '85</i>

519
00:24:51,980 --> 00:24:54,900
<i>To 450 in 2008.</i>

520
00:24:54,920 --> 00:24:58,570
<i>While the minimum wage
stagnated at $5.15 an hour</i>

521
00:24:58,610 --> 00:25:00,770
<i>From '97 to '2007,</i>

522
00:25:00,810 --> 00:25:02,970
<i>The poverty rate was higher
than at any time</i>

523
00:25:03,010 --> 00:25:05,980
<i>Since the 1960s.</i>

524
00:25:06,010 --> 00:25:08,050
<i>The net worth of
the average american family</i>

525
00:25:08,080 --> 00:25:10,210
<i>Actually dropped almost 40%</i>

526
00:25:10,250 --> 00:25:13,120
<i>From $126,000 in 2007</i>

527
00:25:13,150 --> 00:25:16,520
<i>To $77,000 in 2010.</i>

528
00:25:16,550 --> 00:25:19,620
<i>By 2011, the top 1%</i>

529
00:25:19,660 --> 00:25:22,840
<i>Had more wealth than
the bottom 90 percent.</i>

530
00:25:22,880 --> 00:25:26,730
<i>Populist anger
boiled over into the
occupy wall street movement,</i>

531
00:25:26,760 --> 00:25:30,710
<i>A kind of protest not seen
since the 1930s.</i>

532
00:25:30,750 --> 00:25:35,070
<i>The right-wing tea party
expressed a different
kind of anger</i>

533
00:25:35,100 --> 00:25:38,870
<i>Fueled by advocacy groups like
americans for prosperity,</i>

534
00:25:38,900 --> 00:25:42,470
<i>Largely funded
by the conservative,
billionaire koch brothers.</i>

535
00:25:44,640 --> 00:25:47,340
<i>The confused american public,
not knowing who to blame</i>

536
00:25:47,380 --> 00:25:49,610
<i>For persisting
economic hardship,</i>

537
00:25:49,650 --> 00:25:51,880
<i>Handed the republicans
a sweeping victory</i>

538
00:25:51,920 --> 00:25:55,280
<i>In 2010's mid-term elections,</i>

539
00:25:55,320 --> 00:25:58,390
<i>But only more gridlock and
confusion pervaded washington.</i>

540
00:25:58,420 --> 00:26:02,460
<i>Obama, who'd swept to office
amid such euphoria,</i>

541
00:26:02,490 --> 00:26:04,460
<i>Now walked a fine line,</i>

542
00:26:04,490 --> 00:26:06,790
<i>Avoiding fatal mistakes,</i>

543
00:26:06,830 --> 00:26:10,660
<i>But failing to deliver
on hope or change.</i>

544
00:26:10,700 --> 00:26:12,530
<i>During the 2008 campaign,</i>

545
00:26:12,570 --> 00:26:15,730
<i>The constitutional professor
had promised</i>

546
00:26:15,770 --> 00:26:17,870
<i>"transparency
and the rule of law</i>

547
00:26:17,900 --> 00:26:21,370
<i>Will be the touchstones
of this presidency."</i>

548
00:26:21,410 --> 00:26:25,540
<i>Yet, in office,
he refused to relinquish
the expanded powers</i>

549
00:26:25,580 --> 00:26:28,040
<i>Usurped by
the bush administration--</i>

550
00:26:28,080 --> 00:26:31,610
<i>As a passive population
continued to consent</i>

551
00:26:31,650 --> 00:26:34,350
<i>To being stripped in front
of airport screeners,</i>

552
00:26:34,380 --> 00:26:36,850
<i>Permit eavesdropping
on their communications</i>

553
00:26:36,880 --> 00:26:40,020
<i>And pay for vast
new security programs.</i>

554
00:26:40,050 --> 00:26:43,160
<i>It did not make political sense
for obama to ease</i>

555
00:26:43,190 --> 00:26:44,890
<i>This heightened state
of alert,</i>

556
00:26:44,920 --> 00:26:47,190
<i>In the risk that a single
terrorist incident</i>

557
00:26:47,230 --> 00:26:50,630
<i>Would certainly result
in renewed media hysteria</i>

558
00:26:50,660 --> 00:26:53,960
<i>And a republican
I-told-you-so firestorm</i>

559
00:26:54,000 --> 00:26:56,700
<i>That could cost him
his presidency.</i>

560
00:26:56,730 --> 00:26:59,000
Ever in the middle
of all this coming at you,

561
00:26:59,040 --> 00:27:00,770
You think maybe
one term is enough?

562
00:27:00,800 --> 00:27:02,270
The one thing
I'm clear about

563
00:27:02,310 --> 00:27:03,510
Is that I'd rather be

564
00:27:03,540 --> 00:27:07,210
A really good
one-term president

565
00:27:07,240 --> 00:27:09,940
Than a mediocre
two-term president.

566
00:27:11,480 --> 00:27:13,550
<i>Stone: Instead of fighting
for transparency, however,</i>

567
00:27:13,580 --> 00:27:16,620
<i>Obama became
a far more effective manager</i>

568
00:27:16,650 --> 00:27:19,680
<i>Of the national
security state.</i>

569
00:27:19,720 --> 00:27:21,620
<i>Like bush,
he repeatedly invoked</i>

570
00:27:21,650 --> 00:27:24,140
<i>The state secrets privilege
in lawsuits</i>

571
00:27:24,170 --> 00:27:26,870
<i>Involving torture,
extraordinary rendition</i>

572
00:27:26,910 --> 00:27:29,410
<i>And illegal
n.S.A. Eavesdropping.</i>

573
00:27:29,440 --> 00:27:32,810
<i>He blocked habeas corpus rights
for enemy combatants,</i>

574
00:27:32,850 --> 00:27:36,680
<i>Preserved military
commissions and authorized,
without due process,</i>

575
00:27:36,720 --> 00:27:39,620
<i>The killing of
a u.S. Citizen in yemen</i>

576
00:27:39,650 --> 00:27:41,690
<i>Accused of having ties
to al qaeda.</i>

577
00:27:43,620 --> 00:27:46,090
<i>Obama stunned
civil libertarians when he took</i>

578
00:27:46,120 --> 00:27:49,090
<i>Bush-era investigations
to the next level,</i>

579
00:27:49,130 --> 00:27:53,430
<i>And began prosecuting
government whistleblowers
and reporters</i>

580
00:27:53,460 --> 00:27:57,510
<i>Using the world war I era
espionage act.</i>

581
00:27:57,550 --> 00:28:00,680
<i>Only three cases
had been brought in 92 years.</i>

582
00:28:00,720 --> 00:28:05,190
<i>Obama initiated
six cases of dubious merit--</i>

583
00:28:05,220 --> 00:28:09,510
<i>Most defendants claiming
to have exposed unlawful
activity in the government.</i>

584
00:28:11,160 --> 00:28:13,290
<i>Most prominent was
bradley manning,</i>

585
00:28:13,330 --> 00:28:15,800
<i>An army intelligence
analyst in iraq,</i>

586
00:28:15,830 --> 00:28:18,400
<i>Who leaked over
260,000 classified</i>

587
00:28:18,430 --> 00:28:20,900
<i>Diplomatic cables
and war reports,</i>

588
00:28:20,930 --> 00:28:24,340
<i>As well as videos,
distributed by wikileaks,</i>

589
00:28:24,370 --> 00:28:27,470
<i>A non-profit whistleblower
media organization.</i>

590
00:28:27,510 --> 00:28:30,640
<i>These revelations
of u.S. War crimes in iraq</i>

591
00:28:30,680 --> 00:28:32,980
<i>And afghanistan,
and u.S. Support</i>

592
00:28:33,010 --> 00:28:35,310
<i>For dictatorial regimes
in the region</i>

593
00:28:35,350 --> 00:28:37,650
<i>Proved to be
a significant catalyst</i>

594
00:28:37,680 --> 00:28:41,320
<i>For the arab spring uprisings
in egypt, tunisia,</i>

595
00:28:41,350 --> 00:28:44,850
<i>Yemen, libya and bahrain.</i>

596
00:28:44,890 --> 00:28:47,590
<i>Nonetheless,
obama's administration has</i>

597
00:28:47,620 --> 00:28:50,690
<i>Severely impaired
the operation of wikileaks</i>

598
00:28:50,720 --> 00:28:53,330
<i>And threatens to prosecute
its co-founder.</i>

599
00:28:55,360 --> 00:28:59,000
<i>These actions sent a clear
message to all whistleblowers:</i>

600
00:28:59,030 --> 00:29:01,500
<i>Commit war crimes
like bush and cheney</i>

601
00:29:01,530 --> 00:29:03,500
<i>And you walk free.</i>

602
00:29:03,540 --> 00:29:05,650
<i>Expose them,
and you risk careers</i>

603
00:29:05,690 --> 00:29:07,320
<i>And huge fines.</i>

604
00:29:07,350 --> 00:29:11,260
<i>Or, like manning,
you rot in jail.</i>

605
00:29:11,290 --> 00:29:12,730
<i>One of the leading defenders</i>

606
00:29:12,760 --> 00:29:15,960
<i>Of the new standards
of conduct, jack goldsmith,</i>

607
00:29:15,990 --> 00:29:18,200
<i>Former head of the bush office
of legal counsel,</i>

608
00:29:18,230 --> 00:29:21,360
<i>Reassured cheney
and other anxious neocons</i>

609
00:29:21,400 --> 00:29:24,100
<i>In an article,
saying that obama was...</i>

610
00:29:24,140 --> 00:29:25,800
<i>Goldsmith's voice:
...Like nixon going to china.</i>

611
00:29:25,850 --> 00:29:28,300
<i>The changes he had made
are destined to fortify</i>

612
00:29:28,340 --> 00:29:31,440
<i>The bulk of the bush program
for the long run.</i>

613
00:29:31,470 --> 00:29:33,290
<i>Stone:
This was a new shadow world.</i>

614
00:29:33,330 --> 00:29:36,290
<i>In 2010, "the washington post"
called it</i>

615
00:29:36,330 --> 00:29:38,960
<i>"an alternative geography
of the United States,</i>

616
00:29:39,000 --> 00:29:40,900
<i>A top-secret america</i>

617
00:29:40,930 --> 00:29:42,800
<i>Hidden from public view."</i>

618
00:29:42,830 --> 00:29:46,640
<i>Almost a million and a half
people had top security
clearances.</i>

619
00:29:47,900 --> 00:29:50,100
<i>More than 3,000 government</i>

620
00:29:50,140 --> 00:29:53,910
<i>And private security
corporations existed.</i>

621
00:29:53,940 --> 00:29:57,480
<i>1.7 billion e-mails
and communications</i>

622
00:29:57,510 --> 00:29:59,680
<i>Were intercepted
and stored every day</i>

623
00:29:59,710 --> 00:30:02,210
<i>By the national
security agency.</i>

624
00:30:02,250 --> 00:30:04,680
<i>Political commentator</i>

625
00:30:04,720 --> 00:30:07,340
<i>And constitutional lawyer
glen greenwald</i>

626
00:30:07,370 --> 00:30:09,840
<i>Best described
this truly radical change</i>

627
00:30:09,870 --> 00:30:11,100
<i>In our world
when he wrote,</i>

628
00:30:11,140 --> 00:30:13,110
<i>"the core guarantee
of western justice</i>

629
00:30:13,140 --> 00:30:16,440
<i>Since the magna carta
was codified in the u.S.</i>

630
00:30:16,480 --> 00:30:18,810
<i>By the fifth amendment
to the constitution..."</i>

631
00:30:25,070 --> 00:30:28,990
<i>He might well have
added the fourth amendment
to the constitution...</i>

632
00:30:33,840 --> 00:30:36,790
<i>Without due process
and the right to privacy,</i>

633
00:30:36,830 --> 00:30:40,280
<i>Each of us is essentially
living at the mercy</i>

634
00:30:40,310 --> 00:30:41,950
<i>Of the surveillance state.</i>

635
00:30:41,980 --> 00:30:43,350
<i>All this in the name</i>

636
00:30:43,380 --> 00:30:46,680
<i>Of stopping a terrorist threat</i>

637
00:30:46,720 --> 00:30:50,250
<i>Blown wildly
out of proportion.</i>

638
00:30:50,290 --> 00:30:53,420
<i>Obama's foreign policy
seemed more reasonable</i>

639
00:30:53,460 --> 00:30:56,490
<i>Than bush's,
repudiating the unilateralism</i>

640
00:30:56,530 --> 00:30:59,830
<i>And preemption that had
so outraged world opinion.</i>

641
00:30:59,860 --> 00:31:04,300
<i>But the goal, embracing
u.S. Global domination,
differed little.</i>

642
00:31:04,330 --> 00:31:06,330
<i>And even the means
were frustratingly similar.</i>

643
00:31:06,370 --> 00:31:09,800
<i>In 2011, bush's former n.S.A.</i>

644
00:31:09,840 --> 00:31:13,670
<i>And c.I.A. Director,
general michael hayden,</i>

645
00:31:13,710 --> 00:31:16,140
<i>Took comfort
in the powerful continuity</i>

646
00:31:16,170 --> 00:31:17,940
<i>Between two
vastly different presidents,</i>

647
00:31:17,980 --> 00:31:20,010
<i>Saying that...</i>

648
00:31:20,040 --> 00:31:21,480
<i>Hayden's voice:
Americans have found
a comfortable center line</i>

649
00:31:21,510 --> 00:31:23,810
<i>In what it is they accept
their government doing.</i>

650
00:31:23,850 --> 00:31:24,980
<i>Stone:
He called it a...</i>

651
00:31:27,550 --> 00:31:30,690
<i>Stone:
His own experience
in foreign affairs limited,</i>

652
00:31:30,720 --> 00:31:34,020
<i>Obama surrounded himself
with hawkish advisors.</i>

653
00:31:34,060 --> 00:31:38,530
<i>Among them, bush holdover,
secretary of defense
robert gates,</i>

654
00:31:38,560 --> 00:31:44,030
<i>A hard-liner
from the bill casey
c.I.A. Era of the '80s.</i>

655
00:31:44,060 --> 00:31:46,860
<i>Hillary clinton,
as secretary of state,</i>

656
00:31:46,900 --> 00:31:49,020
<i>Was equally hawkish.</i>

657
00:31:49,050 --> 00:31:51,520
<i>In an early speech,
clinton presented</i>

658
00:31:51,550 --> 00:31:53,520
<i>A version of american history
steeped in</i>

659
00:31:53,550 --> 00:31:58,420
<i>Unvarnished triumphalism
and historical amnesia.</i>

660
00:31:58,460 --> 00:32:00,430
So let me say it clearly--

661
00:32:00,460 --> 00:32:04,600
The United States can,
must and will lead

662
00:32:04,630 --> 00:32:06,060
In this new century.

663
00:32:06,100 --> 00:32:07,900
<i>The third world war</i>

664
00:32:07,930 --> 00:32:11,070
<i>That so many feared
never came.</i>

665
00:32:11,100 --> 00:32:14,370
<i>And many millions of people
were lifted out of poverty,</i>

666
00:32:14,400 --> 00:32:18,040
And exercised their human rights
for the first time.

667
00:32:18,070 --> 00:32:20,540
Those were the benefits
of a global architecture

668
00:32:20,580 --> 00:32:22,440
Forged over many years

669
00:32:22,480 --> 00:32:26,210
By american leaders
from both political parties.

670
00:32:26,250 --> 00:32:28,510
<i>Stone:
It would be difficult
to find and ask</i>

671
00:32:28,550 --> 00:32:31,700
<i>The millions killed
over many decades</i>

672
00:32:31,720 --> 00:32:33,700
<i>Of american interference
in their countries</i>

673
00:32:33,720 --> 00:32:35,200
<i>What they thought.</i>

674
00:32:35,240 --> 00:32:37,640
<i>The people of hiroshima
and nagasaki,</i>

675
00:32:37,670 --> 00:32:40,240
<i>The philippines,
central america,</i>

676
00:32:40,280 --> 00:32:42,010
<i>Greece,</i>

677
00:32:42,040 --> 00:32:43,060
<i>Iran,</i>

678
00:32:43,090 --> 00:32:44,530
<i>Brazil, cuba,</i>

679
00:32:44,560 --> 00:32:45,760
<i>Congo,</i>

680
00:32:45,800 --> 00:32:46,960
<i>Indonesia, vietnam,</i>

681
00:32:47,000 --> 00:32:49,270
<i>Cambodia, laos,</i>

682
00:32:49,300 --> 00:32:51,200
<i>Chile, east timor,</i>

683
00:32:51,230 --> 00:32:52,230
<i>Iraq</i>

684
00:32:52,270 --> 00:32:53,970
<i>And afghanistan,</i>

685
00:32:54,000 --> 00:32:55,800
<i>Among others.</i>

686
00:32:55,840 --> 00:32:58,040
<i>In afghanistan, obama,</i>

687
00:32:58,070 --> 00:33:00,040
<i>Calling it
"a war of necessity,"</i>

688
00:33:00,070 --> 00:33:02,840
<i>Doubled down on bush.</i>

689
00:33:02,880 --> 00:33:06,350
<i>Pressure in late 2009
into sending more troops,</i>

690
00:33:06,380 --> 00:33:07,450
<i>He waivered.</i>

691
00:33:07,480 --> 00:33:09,110
<i>He was told by
a military advisor,</i>

692
00:33:09,150 --> 00:33:12,970
<i>"I don't see how you can defy
your military chain here,"</i>

693
00:33:13,000 --> 00:33:16,870
<i>Meaning that his high command
might resign in protest.</i>

694
00:33:16,900 --> 00:33:19,040
<i>C.I.A. Director leon panetta
told him,</i>

695
00:33:19,070 --> 00:33:22,840
<i>"no democratic president
can go against military advice,</i>

696
00:33:22,880 --> 00:33:25,340
<i>Especially if he asks for it.
So just do it,"</i>

697
00:33:25,380 --> 00:33:27,680
<i>He recommended.
"do what they say."</i>

698
00:33:27,710 --> 00:33:29,110
<i>When it came down
to his decision,</i>

699
00:33:29,150 --> 00:33:32,830
<i>Obama did not show
the courage of a john kennedy.</i>

700
00:33:32,870 --> 00:33:37,200
<i>In December,
he announced another
30,000 troop increase</i>

701
00:33:37,240 --> 00:33:39,670
<i>To reach almost 100,000--</i>

702
00:33:39,710 --> 00:33:41,740
<i>About the same number
the soviets had deployed</i>

703
00:33:41,780 --> 00:33:44,780
<i>In their disastrous invasion
of afghanistan.</i>

704
00:33:44,810 --> 00:33:46,780
<i>He announced
the troop increase</i>

705
00:33:46,810 --> 00:33:49,350
<i>At westpoint,
reminding the cadets</i>

706
00:33:49,380 --> 00:33:51,850
<i>That the u.S. Had invaded
afghanistan</i>

707
00:33:51,880 --> 00:33:54,580
<i>Because it had provided
sanctuary for al qaeda.</i>

708
00:33:54,620 --> 00:33:57,420
<i>But he neglected to mention
that most of the preparation</i>

709
00:33:57,450 --> 00:34:00,760
<i>For 9/11 took place
not in afghanistan,</i>

710
00:34:00,790 --> 00:34:03,760
<i>But in apartments
in germany and Spain</i>

711
00:34:03,790 --> 00:34:05,760
<i>And flight schools
in the u.S.,</i>

712
00:34:05,790 --> 00:34:09,960
<i>Or that only 50 to 100
of al qaeda's 300 cadre</i>

713
00:34:10,000 --> 00:34:11,160
<i>Were actually</i>

714
00:34:11,200 --> 00:34:12,970
<i>Left in afghanistan,</i>

715
00:34:13,000 --> 00:34:15,530
<i>And that most were
now in pakistan,</i>

716
00:34:15,570 --> 00:34:17,040
<i>An ally.</i>

717
00:34:17,070 --> 00:34:19,140
<i>That the president
waging two wars</i>

718
00:34:19,170 --> 00:34:21,310
<i>Would receive
the nobel peace prize</i>

719
00:34:21,340 --> 00:34:24,610
<i>That same month was surreal
in the first place.</i>

720
00:34:24,640 --> 00:34:26,440
<i>But when the world heard</i>

721
00:34:26,480 --> 00:34:27,940
<i>Obama's defense</i>

722
00:34:27,980 --> 00:34:31,280
<i>Of american unilateralism
and preemption,</i>

723
00:34:31,310 --> 00:34:34,620
<i>The meaning of the prize
had been diminished,</i>

724
00:34:34,650 --> 00:34:38,940
<i>As it had by kissinger
36 years earlier.</i>

725
00:34:38,970 --> 00:34:41,250
I believe the United States
of america must remain

726
00:34:41,290 --> 00:34:45,090
A standard bearer
in the conduct of war.

727
00:34:45,130 --> 00:34:48,930
That is what makes us different
from those whom we fight.

728
00:34:48,960 --> 00:34:52,000
<i>Stone:
Obama feared getting
bogged down in afghanistan,</i>

729
00:34:52,030 --> 00:34:54,870
<i>As johnson had in vietnam.</i>

730
00:34:54,900 --> 00:34:56,130
<i>What the backward,</i>

731
00:34:56,170 --> 00:34:58,400
<i>Dirt-poor, overwhelmingly</i>

732
00:34:58,440 --> 00:35:00,200
<i>Illiterate afghans needed</i>

733
00:35:00,240 --> 00:35:03,710
<i>Was economic aid, education
and social reform.</i>

734
00:35:03,740 --> 00:35:05,070
<i>The u.S. Spent</i>

735
00:35:05,110 --> 00:35:08,580
<i>$110 billion
on military programs</i>

736
00:35:08,610 --> 00:35:11,410
<i>In 2011, but only $2 billion</i>

737
00:35:11,450 --> 00:35:13,910
<i>For sustainable development.</i>

738
00:35:13,950 --> 00:35:15,120
<i>With big u.S. Money</i>

739
00:35:15,150 --> 00:35:17,120
<i>Floating around,
as in vietnam,</i>

740
00:35:17,150 --> 00:35:19,620
<i>Corruption reached
epic proportions.</i>

741
00:35:19,650 --> 00:35:22,050
<i>Mistrust between
the supposed nato</i>

742
00:35:22,090 --> 00:35:24,560
<i>And afghan allies soared.</i>

743
00:35:24,590 --> 00:35:27,360
<i>The u.S.-Backed president
hamid karzai</i>

744
00:35:27,390 --> 00:35:28,630
<i>Announced that he would</i>

745
00:35:28,660 --> 00:35:32,130
<i>Support pakistan
if it should go to war</i>

746
00:35:32,160 --> 00:35:33,800
<i>With the u.S.</i>

747
00:35:33,830 --> 00:35:37,130
<i>By 2012, afghan soldiers
and police</i>

748
00:35:37,170 --> 00:35:39,970
<i>Were killing u.S. Troops
with such increasing regularity</i>

749
00:35:40,000 --> 00:35:43,440
<i>That the forces had to be
increasingly separated.</i>

750
00:35:43,470 --> 00:35:46,770
<i>Meanwhile, bedraggled,
demoralized u.S. Forces</i>

751
00:35:46,810 --> 00:35:49,610
<i>Left iraq in December 2011.</i>

752
00:35:49,640 --> 00:35:52,940
<i>Almost 4500 u.S. Troops
would not come home,</i>

753
00:35:52,980 --> 00:35:55,950
<i>More than 32,000 wounded,</i>

754
00:35:55,980 --> 00:35:57,720
<i>Many of them severely.</i>

755
00:35:57,750 --> 00:36:00,220
<i>Iraqi death counts
ranged from 150,000</i>

756
00:36:00,250 --> 00:36:01,950
<i>To over a million.</i>

757
00:36:01,990 --> 00:36:04,990
<i>Two million iraqis
fled the country.</i>

758
00:36:05,020 --> 00:36:07,320
<i>The irony was exquisite.</i>

759
00:36:07,360 --> 00:36:11,490
<i>In deposing the sunni hussein,
the United States had turned</i>

760
00:36:11,530 --> 00:36:14,300
<i>The new shiite-dominated iraq</i>

761
00:36:14,330 --> 00:36:17,030
<i>Into a valuable ally of iran,</i>

762
00:36:17,070 --> 00:36:19,930
<i>Which ended up
the war's biggest winner.</i>

763
00:36:23,000 --> 00:36:25,300
<i>Bush officials
had estimated the iraq war</i>

764
00:36:25,340 --> 00:36:28,140
<i>To cost $50 to $60 billion.</i>

765
00:36:28,170 --> 00:36:31,180
<i>Rumsfeld had called anything
above 100 billion "baloney."</i>

766
00:36:31,210 --> 00:36:34,280
<i>By 2008
when bush left office,</i>

767
00:36:34,310 --> 00:36:37,550
<i>The u.S. Had spent
some $700 billion on the war,</i>

768
00:36:37,580 --> 00:36:40,580
<i>Not including
long-term care for veterans.</i>

769
00:36:40,620 --> 00:36:43,590
<i>Economists project
total long-term costs</i>

770
00:36:43,620 --> 00:36:45,620
<i>As high as 3 trillion.</i>

771
00:36:47,290 --> 00:36:50,760
<i>Obama welcomed the troops home
at fort bragg, north carolina,</i>

772
00:36:50,790 --> 00:36:54,860
<i>Ensuring that the end
of the war would be as
dishonest as its beginning.</i>

773
00:36:54,900 --> 00:36:59,570
But we're leaving behind
a sovereign, stable and
self-reliant iraq.

774
00:36:59,600 --> 00:37:02,130
Unlike the old empires,

775
00:37:02,170 --> 00:37:05,970
We don't make
these sacrifices

776
00:37:06,000 --> 00:37:08,340
For territory
or for resources.

777
00:37:12,580 --> 00:37:14,540
We do it
because it's right.

778
00:37:14,580 --> 00:37:17,750
<i>Never forget that you are
part of an unbroken line</i>

779
00:37:17,780 --> 00:37:20,180
<i>Of heroes
spanning two centuries.</i>

780
00:37:20,220 --> 00:37:22,180
<i>To your grandparents
and parents</i>

781
00:37:22,220 --> 00:37:24,500
<i>Who faced down fascism
and communism</i>

782
00:37:24,520 --> 00:37:25,620
<i>And delivered justice</i>

783
00:37:25,670 --> 00:37:27,640
To those who attacked us
on 9/11.

784
00:37:27,670 --> 00:37:31,140
<i>Stone:
Thus sanctioning,
once again, bush's lie</i>

785
00:37:31,180 --> 00:37:34,480
<i>About the connection
of 9/11 to iraq.</i>

786
00:37:34,510 --> 00:37:36,340
<i>The words were barely
out of his mouth</i>

787
00:37:36,380 --> 00:37:39,050
<i>Before iraq was racked
with a new series</i>

788
00:37:39,080 --> 00:37:41,180
<i>Of deadly suicide bombings.</i>

789
00:37:41,220 --> 00:37:44,750
<i>To this day, iraq teeters
on the edge of civil war.</i>

790
00:37:44,790 --> 00:37:48,420
<i>Among the two wars'
fiercest critics</i>

791
00:37:48,460 --> 00:37:49,740
<i>Were the nation's mayors,</i>

792
00:37:49,770 --> 00:37:53,210
<i>Who gathered in baltimore
in June 2011</i>

793
00:37:53,240 --> 00:37:57,250
<i>And called for using
$126 billion in savings</i>

794
00:37:57,280 --> 00:38:00,580
<i>From these wars
to rebuild the nation's cities.</i>

795
00:38:00,620 --> 00:38:03,380
<i>The mayor of los angeles
was quoted as saying...</i>

796
00:38:03,420 --> 00:38:05,920
<i>Villaraigosa's voice:
That we would build bridges
in baghdad and kandahar</i>

797
00:38:05,950 --> 00:38:08,590
<i>And not baltimore
and kansas city</i>

798
00:38:08,620 --> 00:38:11,460
<i>Absolutely boggles the mind.</i>

799
00:38:12,530 --> 00:38:14,420
<i>Stone:
For the american people,</i>

800
00:38:14,460 --> 00:38:16,060
<i>Deadened to these wars,</i>

801
00:38:16,090 --> 00:38:19,560
<i>A single bright spot
in this foreign miasma</i>

802
00:38:19,600 --> 00:38:21,930
<i>Came in may 2011--</i>

803
00:38:21,970 --> 00:38:23,970
<i>A bold cross-border raid</i>

804
00:38:24,000 --> 00:38:26,450
<i>At night by navy seals</i>

805
00:38:26,490 --> 00:38:28,550
<i>Killed osama bin laden,</i>

806
00:38:28,590 --> 00:38:31,810
<i>Living comfortably
in the shadow of pakistan's</i>

807
00:38:31,840 --> 00:38:34,370
<i>Premier military academy.</i>

808
00:38:34,410 --> 00:38:35,480
<i>In the euphoria</i>

809
00:38:35,510 --> 00:38:37,930
<i>The raid created
in the u.S.,</i>

810
00:38:37,960 --> 00:38:40,510
<i>Celebrating the skill
and power of the seals</i>

811
00:38:40,560 --> 00:38:43,870
<i>Who had executed
bin laden vigilante-style</i>

812
00:38:43,900 --> 00:38:46,370
<i>And dumped
his body at sea,</i>

813
00:38:46,400 --> 00:38:48,820
<i>A new profile
was created for obama,</i>

814
00:38:48,870 --> 00:38:51,820
<i>As unlike bush,
an effective war president</i>

815
00:38:51,860 --> 00:38:54,740
<i>Who would,
by any means necessary,</i>

816
00:38:54,770 --> 00:38:56,380
<i>Hunt down the enemy.</i>

817
00:38:56,410 --> 00:39:00,350
<i>In fact, really a wolf
in sheep's clothing.</i>

818
00:39:00,380 --> 00:39:03,680
After a firefight,
they killed osama bin laden

819
00:39:03,720 --> 00:39:05,780
And took custody
of his body.

820
00:39:05,820 --> 00:39:07,780
<i>Stone:
A celebrated movie even implied</i>

821
00:39:07,820 --> 00:39:09,750
<i>Torture as effective</i>

822
00:39:09,790 --> 00:39:11,740
<i>In finding bin laden.</i>

823
00:39:11,770 --> 00:39:14,340
<i>Though, in fact,
it had been ordinary police</i>

824
00:39:14,370 --> 00:39:16,840
<i>And espionage work
that located him</i>

825
00:39:16,880 --> 00:39:18,540
<i>After almost 10 years.</i>

826
00:39:19,580 --> 00:39:21,550
For god and country,

827
00:39:21,580 --> 00:39:23,350
Geronimo is k.I.A.

828
00:39:23,380 --> 00:39:25,850
<i>man: Oh my god.</i>

829
00:39:25,880 --> 00:39:28,890
<i>Stone:
Nonetheless, america's
capacity for self-love</i>

830
00:39:28,920 --> 00:39:31,390
<i>Was again in full flower.</i>

831
00:39:31,420 --> 00:39:34,060
<i>And there were no troubling
discussions of bringing</i>

832
00:39:34,090 --> 00:39:36,360
<i>A wounded bin laden back</i>

833
00:39:36,390 --> 00:39:38,890
<i>For imprisonment
and trial,</i>

834
00:39:38,930 --> 00:39:41,740
<i>As the United States
had done at nuremberg,</i>

835
00:39:41,760 --> 00:39:46,370
<i>Where the nazi defendants
were unmasked and diminished.</i>

836
00:39:46,400 --> 00:39:49,920
<i>But a trial was the last thing
most americans wanted.</i>

837
00:39:49,950 --> 00:39:51,820
<i>Those who accepted torture</i>

838
00:39:51,850 --> 00:39:55,590
<i>Could tolerate
vigilante justice.</i>

839
00:39:55,610 --> 00:39:59,160
<i>But who was
the real victor here?</i>

840
00:39:59,190 --> 00:40:02,160
<i>After estimated trillions
of dollars spent in two wars,</i>

841
00:40:02,200 --> 00:40:05,500
<i>Hundreds of thousands
of dead worldwide,</i>

842
00:40:05,530 --> 00:40:07,270
<i>An endless war on terror,</i>

843
00:40:07,300 --> 00:40:09,270
<i>The loss of civil liberties
and confidence</i>

844
00:40:09,300 --> 00:40:12,090
<i>In one presidency</i>

845
00:40:12,120 --> 00:40:16,860
<i>And the near-collapse
of the empire's financial
structure along with it,</i>

846
00:40:16,890 --> 00:40:19,530
<i>It can be said
by a neutral observer</i>

847
00:40:19,560 --> 00:40:22,460
<i>That at the least
the u.S. Had won</i>

848
00:40:22,500 --> 00:40:24,960
<i>A pyrrhic victory
in which its losses</i>

849
00:40:25,000 --> 00:40:27,400
<i>Had made victory pointless.</i>

850
00:40:27,430 --> 00:40:29,930
<i>Bin laden,
with his twisted vision</i>

851
00:40:29,970 --> 00:40:32,440
<i>Of a new caliphate,
was dead,</i>

852
00:40:32,470 --> 00:40:34,800
<i>But had achieved far more
than he ever dreamed.</i>

853
00:40:34,840 --> 00:40:38,570
<i>He goaded the largest,
most powerful empire
in history</i>

854
00:40:38,610 --> 00:40:40,110
<i>To reveal its worst nature.</i>

855
00:40:40,140 --> 00:40:43,280
<i>And like the wizard of oz,</i>

856
00:40:43,310 --> 00:40:45,630
<i>It didn't look so great
and mighty.</i>

857
00:40:45,660 --> 00:40:46,960
Who are you?

858
00:40:47,000 --> 00:40:49,800
Oh, I-- I--
I am the great
and powerful...

859
00:40:49,830 --> 00:40:51,620
wizard of oz.

860
00:40:51,650 --> 00:40:53,470
<i>Stone:
Bin laden's martyrdom</i>

861
00:40:53,500 --> 00:40:55,600
<i>In the eyes of his followers,</i>

862
00:40:55,640 --> 00:40:57,440
<i>Cemented his place
in the history books</i>

863
00:40:57,470 --> 00:41:00,610
<i>As a catalyst
who weakened and perhaps</i>

864
00:41:00,640 --> 00:41:03,440
<i>Helped destroy
the old world order.</i>

865
00:41:03,480 --> 00:41:04,910
<i>Some might call him</i>

866
00:41:04,950 --> 00:41:08,150
<i>The hannibal
or attila of roman myth,</i>

867
00:41:08,180 --> 00:41:10,550
<i>A robespierre to
the old french order,</i>

868
00:41:10,580 --> 00:41:12,220
<i>Lenin to czarist russia,</i>

869
00:41:12,250 --> 00:41:15,550
<i>Even a modern hitler
to the british empire,</i>

870
00:41:15,590 --> 00:41:18,360
<i>Which came to its end
in his wake.</i>

871
00:41:18,390 --> 00:41:20,020
<i>Bin laden was gone.</i>

872
00:41:20,060 --> 00:41:21,990
<i>But what would
the United States do now?</i>

873
00:41:22,030 --> 00:41:23,160
<i>Still tormented</i>

874
00:41:23,190 --> 00:41:25,830
<i>By its demons,
it turned its gaze</i>

875
00:41:25,850 --> 00:41:28,210
<i>Fully to china
as a new threat</i>

876
00:41:28,260 --> 00:41:31,300
<i>And persisted in
treating russia</i>

877
00:41:31,330 --> 00:41:33,940
<i>As an old one,
as well as maintaining iran,</i>

878
00:41:33,970 --> 00:41:37,770
<i>North korea and venezuela
as regional threats.</i>

879
00:41:39,360 --> 00:41:40,990
<i>Seeking to find
a more efficient,</i>

880
00:41:41,020 --> 00:41:44,860
<i>Leaner form of warfare,
obama in 2012 announced...</i>

881
00:41:54,440 --> 00:41:57,800
<i>First used for surveillance
in vietnam, the drone,</i>

882
00:41:57,840 --> 00:42:00,490
<i>When equipped with missiles,
was now becoming</i>

883
00:42:00,520 --> 00:42:02,390
<i>The modern face of warfare</i>

884
00:42:02,430 --> 00:42:04,830
<i>And obama's weapon of choice.</i>

885
00:42:04,860 --> 00:42:08,400
<i>He personally began selecting
those on the kill list.</i>

886
00:42:08,430 --> 00:42:11,660
<i>Prior to 9/11, the united
states had opposed</i>

887
00:42:11,700 --> 00:42:16,100
<i>Extra-judicial targeted killing
by other nations,</i>

888
00:42:16,140 --> 00:42:18,940
<i>Condemning israel's
targeting of palestinians.</i>

889
00:42:18,970 --> 00:42:22,610
<i>But by 2012, the air force
and c.I.A. Were deploying</i>

890
00:42:22,640 --> 00:42:25,280
<i>A 7,000 drone armada,</i>

891
00:42:25,310 --> 00:42:28,950
<i>Used mostly in afghanistan,
iraq and pakistan.</i>

892
00:42:28,980 --> 00:42:30,850
<i>Obama expanded its usage</i>

893
00:42:30,880 --> 00:42:34,220
<i>To yemen in 2009,</i>

894
00:42:34,250 --> 00:42:36,920
<i>Where there were fewer
than 300 militants.</i>

895
00:42:36,950 --> 00:42:39,920
<i>By mid-2012,
that number had increased</i>

896
00:42:39,960 --> 00:42:42,920
<i>To over 1,000,
as a steady barrage</i>

897
00:42:42,960 --> 00:42:45,260
<i>Of u.S. Drone attacks</i>

898
00:42:45,290 --> 00:42:47,090
<i>Outraged yemeni citizens.</i>

899
00:42:47,130 --> 00:42:49,160
<i>By 2012, obama added</i>

900
00:42:49,200 --> 00:42:53,470
<i>Gaddafi's libyan supporters,
islamic rebels</i>

901
00:42:53,500 --> 00:42:55,070
<i>In the philippines</i>

902
00:42:55,100 --> 00:42:57,230
<i>And somalia
to the drone list.</i>

903
00:42:57,270 --> 00:43:00,240
<i>The repercussions
of this style of warfare</i>

904
00:43:00,270 --> 00:43:02,470
<i>Are yet to be experienced.</i>

905
00:43:02,510 --> 00:43:05,640
<i>The number of civilian
casualties of these attacks</i>

906
00:43:05,680 --> 00:43:08,980
<i>Are fiercely contested
by the u.S. Government</i>

907
00:43:09,010 --> 00:43:11,480
<i>And several human rights
organizations.</i>

908
00:43:11,510 --> 00:43:15,250
<i>When the judge
asked the pakistani-born
"time square bomber"</i>

909
00:43:15,280 --> 00:43:18,650
<i>How he could risk killing
innocent women and children,</i>

910
00:43:18,690 --> 00:43:22,300
<i>He replied that u.S. Drones
were regularly</i>

911
00:43:22,340 --> 00:43:25,670
<i>Killing women and children
in afghanistan</i>

912
00:43:25,710 --> 00:43:28,310
<i>And pakistan.</i>

913
00:43:28,360 --> 00:43:30,400
<i>The cat was certainly
out of the bag.</i>

914
00:43:30,430 --> 00:43:32,930
<i>And by 2012,</i>

915
00:43:32,950 --> 00:43:35,450
<i>More than 50 countries,
some friendly</i>

916
00:43:35,480 --> 00:43:37,770
<i>And some hostile
to the u.S.,</i>

917
00:43:37,800 --> 00:43:39,770
<i>Had purchased drones.</i>

918
00:43:39,800 --> 00:43:42,590
<i>Israel, russia, india
and iran claimed</i>

919
00:43:42,620 --> 00:43:45,190
<i>To have mastered
manufacturing lethal ones.</i>

920
00:43:45,240 --> 00:43:49,340
<i>But the most dynamic program
was china's.</i>

921
00:43:49,380 --> 00:43:52,350
<i>As with the nuclear bomb,
a new arms race was on.</i>

922
00:43:52,380 --> 00:43:54,110
<i>Bush had continued</i>

923
00:43:54,150 --> 00:43:58,680
<i>Clinton's expansion
of nato bases closer to russia,</i>

924
00:43:58,720 --> 00:44:01,690
<i>Breaking his father's promise
to gorbachev.</i>

925
00:44:01,720 --> 00:44:05,990
<i>Obama expanded nato
to albania an croatia.</i>

926
00:44:06,020 --> 00:44:10,230
<i>And despite abandoning
500 bases in iraq,</i>

927
00:44:10,260 --> 00:44:13,400
<i>The obama administration,
in addition to an estimated</i>

928
00:44:13,430 --> 00:44:15,900
<i>6,000 bases in the u.S.,
is maintaining</i>

929
00:44:15,930 --> 00:44:18,730
<i>Close to 1,000
overseas bases</i>

930
00:44:18,770 --> 00:44:20,240
<i>That span the globe.</i>

931
00:44:20,270 --> 00:44:23,570
<i>The u.S. Had,
by late 2007,</i>

932
00:44:23,610 --> 00:44:25,910
<i>Gained a military presence,</i>

933
00:44:25,940 --> 00:44:28,240
<i>According to stanford's
chalmers johnson,</i>

934
00:44:28,280 --> 00:44:33,280
<i>In 151 of 192
u.N. Member nations.</i>

935
00:44:44,360 --> 00:44:47,990
<i>In 2008, africom,
based in germany,</i>

936
00:44:48,020 --> 00:44:51,010
<i>Was added
as a sixth command responsible</i>

937
00:44:51,040 --> 00:44:54,310
<i>For growing u.S. Military
presence in africa.</i>

938
00:44:54,350 --> 00:44:56,380
<i>Southcom, based in miami,</i>

939
00:44:56,420 --> 00:44:59,350
<i>Was reorganized in 2010</i>

940
00:44:59,380 --> 00:45:03,520
<i>To increase u.S. Military
presence in latin america</i>

941
00:45:03,550 --> 00:45:05,890
<i>With bases
and surveillance systems,</i>

942
00:45:05,920 --> 00:45:09,440
<i>Counter-drug
and counter-insurgency
programs targeting...</i>

943
00:45:12,460 --> 00:45:14,460
<i>"...As seen in venezuela."</i>

944
00:45:14,510 --> 00:45:17,800
<i>The fourth fleet
was reactivated in 2008</i>

945
00:45:17,830 --> 00:45:19,800
<i>For the first time since
world war ii.</i>

946
00:45:19,830 --> 00:45:22,970
<i>The navy now has
10 carrier strike groups</i>

947
00:45:23,000 --> 00:45:25,800
<i>Patrolling
international waters.</i>

948
00:45:25,840 --> 00:45:27,640
<i>Announcer:
America's navy,</i>

949
00:45:27,670 --> 00:45:30,540
<i>A global force for good.</i>

950
00:45:30,590 --> 00:45:33,190
<i>Stone: In 2011,
the u.S. Sold an astonishing</i>

951
00:45:33,230 --> 00:45:35,700
<i>78% of the world's arms.</i>

952
00:45:35,730 --> 00:45:37,300
<i>During the bush years,</i>

953
00:45:37,330 --> 00:45:39,460
<i>Pentagon spending
more than doubled</i>

954
00:45:39,500 --> 00:45:41,100
<i>To 700 billion dollars.</i>

955
00:45:41,130 --> 00:45:43,100
<i>Although the real
pentagon budget</i>

956
00:45:43,140 --> 00:45:44,700
<i>Blurs into secret functions</i>

957
00:45:44,740 --> 00:45:46,940
<i>And different departments
of government,</i>

958
00:45:46,970 --> 00:45:51,270
<i>By 2010,
according to the national
priorities project,</i>

959
00:45:51,310 --> 00:45:54,640
<i>The u.S. Actually spends
an estimated...</i>

960
00:46:00,080 --> 00:46:01,180
<i>...On military,</i>

961
00:46:01,220 --> 00:46:03,020
<i>Intelligence
and homeland security--</i>

962
00:46:04,450 --> 00:46:08,520
<i>A full spectrum dominance
of land, sea, air,</i>

963
00:46:08,560 --> 00:46:10,520
<i>Space and cyberspace.</i>

964
00:46:10,560 --> 00:46:13,530
<i>In November 2011,</i>

965
00:46:13,560 --> 00:46:15,030
<i>Secretary of state clinton</i>

966
00:46:15,060 --> 00:46:17,200
<i>Threw down the gauntlet
on china, writing...</i>

967
00:46:26,600 --> 00:46:28,100
<i>Calling this...</i>

968
00:46:29,940 --> 00:46:33,570
<i>She meant a substantially
increased military
involvement</i>

969
00:46:33,610 --> 00:46:38,310
<i>In the asia/pacific region
to contain china.</i>

970
00:46:38,350 --> 00:46:40,610
<i>Beginning with the opium wars
in the 19th century,</i>

971
00:46:40,650 --> 00:46:44,270
<i>China has been
humiliated time and again
by stronger foes--</i>

972
00:46:44,300 --> 00:46:47,070
<i>Britain, japan, russia.</i>

973
00:46:47,100 --> 00:46:48,870
<i>It fought
the u.S. To a standoff</i>

974
00:46:48,920 --> 00:46:52,040
<i>In korea
in the early 1950s.</i>

975
00:46:52,070 --> 00:46:53,710
<i>China is a proud nation--</i>

976
00:46:53,740 --> 00:46:55,290
<i>The world's
second-largest economy.</i>

977
00:46:55,330 --> 00:46:57,530
<i>A hybrid--
part state-owned,</i>

978
00:46:57,560 --> 00:46:59,760
<i>Part-capitalist--
it has replaced the u.S.</i>

979
00:46:59,800 --> 00:47:02,400
<i>As asia's main trading partner.</i>

980
00:47:02,430 --> 00:47:06,570
<i>But in 1996, chinese leaders
were humiliated again</i>

981
00:47:06,600 --> 00:47:08,900
<i>By u.S. Nuclear
missile-rattling</i>

982
00:47:08,940 --> 00:47:12,710
<i>During another confrontation
over taiwan.</i>

983
00:47:12,740 --> 00:47:14,740
<i>And with its economic interests</i>

984
00:47:14,780 --> 00:47:16,930
<i>And shipping lanes to protect,</i>

985
00:47:16,960 --> 00:47:19,880
<i>It set out
to modernize its military.</i>

986
00:47:19,910 --> 00:47:22,550
<i>In 2012,
the pentagon estimated</i>

987
00:47:22,580 --> 00:47:26,180
<i>Chinese expenditures
of $160 billion.</i>

988
00:47:26,220 --> 00:47:30,170
<i>But given the secrecy
of the chinese system,</i>

989
00:47:30,200 --> 00:47:33,170
<i>The real budget is
unknowable at this time.</i>

990
00:47:33,210 --> 00:47:35,840
<i>Although it has only
one foreign base,</i>

991
00:47:35,880 --> 00:47:38,530
<i>Its hard line over
disputed oil, gas</i>

992
00:47:38,560 --> 00:47:39,930
<i>And mineral-rich islands</i>

993
00:47:39,960 --> 00:47:42,930
<i>And territories in the east
and south china seas</i>

994
00:47:42,970 --> 00:47:44,300
<i>Have escalated tensions</i>

995
00:47:44,330 --> 00:47:47,170
<i>With its regional neighbors.</i>

996
00:47:47,200 --> 00:47:48,630
<i>Internally, the government,</i>

997
00:47:48,670 --> 00:47:51,340
<i>Communist in name only,</i>

998
00:47:51,370 --> 00:47:53,170
<i>Remains politically backward--</i>

999
00:47:53,210 --> 00:47:54,340
<i>Determined at any cost</i>

1000
00:47:54,370 --> 00:47:56,140
<i>To modernize,</i>

1001
00:47:56,180 --> 00:47:57,540
<i>And brutally willing</i>

1002
00:47:57,580 --> 00:48:00,210
<i>To stifle dissent
where its one-party rule</i>

1003
00:48:00,250 --> 00:48:02,530
<i>Has been questioned.</i>

1004
00:48:02,560 --> 00:48:03,660
<i>Western democracies,</i>

1005
00:48:03,700 --> 00:48:05,160
<i>While doing business
with china,</i>

1006
00:48:05,200 --> 00:48:07,230
<i>Have condemned
these policies</i>

1007
00:48:07,270 --> 00:48:09,920
<i>To little avail.
But more ominously,</i>

1008
00:48:09,950 --> 00:48:12,450
<i>China has again attracted</i>

1009
00:48:12,490 --> 00:48:14,560
<i>The wrath of china-bashing</i>

1010
00:48:14,590 --> 00:48:15,860
<i>American hard-liners</i>

1011
00:48:15,890 --> 00:48:18,430
<i>Whose animosity dates back</i>

1012
00:48:18,460 --> 00:48:20,090
<i>To the mccarthy era.</i>

1013
00:48:20,130 --> 00:48:23,500
<i>A new face-off is
in the works.</i>

1014
00:48:23,530 --> 00:48:24,830
<i>The u.S. Has returned to asia,</i>

1015
00:48:24,860 --> 00:48:26,230
<i>Seeking new alliances,</i>

1016
00:48:26,250 --> 00:48:28,230
<i>Re-balancing its fleet,</i>

1017
00:48:28,270 --> 00:48:30,070
<i>Deploying its top
stealth war planes</i>

1018
00:48:30,100 --> 00:48:32,200
<i>To bases within
striking distance</i>

1019
00:48:32,240 --> 00:48:34,470
<i>Of china by 2017.</i>

1020
00:48:34,510 --> 00:48:36,810
<i>It has strengthened
military alliances</i>

1021
00:48:36,840 --> 00:48:37,970
<i>With china's neighbors,</i>

1022
00:48:38,010 --> 00:48:40,640
<i>Particularly japan,
south korea,</i>

1023
00:48:40,680 --> 00:48:42,810
<i>Taiwan, and the philippines,</i>

1024
00:48:42,850 --> 00:48:46,210
<i>Sending 2500 marines
to australia--</i>

1025
00:48:46,250 --> 00:48:48,880
<i>The first long-term
troop increase in asia</i>

1026
00:48:48,920 --> 00:48:50,550
<i>Since vietnam.</i>

1027
00:48:50,590 --> 00:48:52,720
<i>The chinese were deeply angry</i>

1028
00:48:52,750 --> 00:48:54,390
<i>Over the obama administration's</i>

1029
00:48:54,420 --> 00:48:56,020
<i>New arms sales of some</i>

1030
00:48:56,060 --> 00:49:00,190
<i>$12 billion to taiwan
in 2010 and '11.</i>

1031
00:49:00,230 --> 00:49:01,690
<i>They have accused the u.S.</i>

1032
00:49:01,730 --> 00:49:03,700
<i>Of seeking
to encircle them.</i>

1033
00:49:03,730 --> 00:49:05,600
<i>The fear of the u.S.</i>

1034
00:49:05,630 --> 00:49:08,470
<i>By others
cannot be underestimated.</i>

1035
00:49:08,500 --> 00:49:11,470
<i>As the late conservative
political scientist</i>

1036
00:49:11,500 --> 00:49:15,450
<i>Samuel huntington
acknowledged in 1996,</i>

1037
00:49:15,490 --> 00:49:17,560
<i>Huntington's voice:
The west won the war
not by the superiority</i>

1038
00:49:17,590 --> 00:49:20,730
<i>Of its ideas, values
or religion,</i>

1039
00:49:20,760 --> 00:49:22,380
<i>But rather by
its superiority</i>

1040
00:49:22,390 --> 00:49:24,430
<i>In the application
of organized viole</i>

1041
00:49:24,460 --> 00:49:27,600
<i>Westerners often
forget this fact.</i>

1042
00:49:27,630 --> 00:49:30,200
<i>Non-westerners never do.</i>

1043
00:49:30,230 --> 00:49:32,170
<i>Stone:
Progressive china experts</i>

1044
00:49:32,200 --> 00:49:34,240
<i>Fear the u.S. Is
once again employing</i>

1045
00:49:34,270 --> 00:49:38,070
<i>Truman's 1946 playbook
with the soviet union</i>

1046
00:49:38,110 --> 00:49:40,760
<i>In an attempt
to contain china.</i>

1047
00:49:40,790 --> 00:49:43,380
<i>The same situation
exists once again</i>

1048
00:49:43,410 --> 00:49:47,680
<i>With western revulsion
for china's internal policies.</i>

1049
00:49:47,720 --> 00:49:52,320
<i>But this time,
holding $1 trillion
in u.S. Treasury bonds,</i>

1050
00:49:52,350 --> 00:49:55,520
<i>The chinese could imperil
the u.S. Economy</i>

1051
00:49:55,550 --> 00:49:58,390
<i>In ways the soviets
never could.</i>

1052
00:49:58,420 --> 00:50:01,790
<i>Historian alfred mccoy
delineated the real stakes</i>

1053
00:50:01,830 --> 00:50:06,060
<i>When he wrote, "as early
as 2020, the pentagon hopes</i>

1054
00:50:06,100 --> 00:50:09,260
<i>To patrol the entire
globe ceaselessly,</i>

1055
00:50:09,300 --> 00:50:13,430
<i>Relentlessly,
via a triple canopy
space shield</i>

1056
00:50:13,470 --> 00:50:16,000
<i>Reaching from stratosphere
to exosphere,</i>

1057
00:50:16,040 --> 00:50:20,270
<i>Driven by drones
armed with agile missiles."</i>

1058
00:50:20,310 --> 00:50:23,980
<i>The triple canopy should be
able to blind an entire army</i>

1059
00:50:24,010 --> 00:50:26,340
<i>By knocking out
ground communications,</i>

1060
00:50:26,380 --> 00:50:29,280
<i>Avionics
and naval navigation.</i>

1061
00:50:29,320 --> 00:50:34,050
<i>But as mccoy cautions,
the illusion of technological
invincibility</i>

1062
00:50:34,090 --> 00:50:38,690
<i>And information omniscience
has failed arrogant nations
in the past,</i>

1063
00:50:38,720 --> 00:50:41,760
<i>As the fate of germany
in world war ii</i>

1064
00:50:41,790 --> 00:50:44,110
<i>And the u.S.
In vietnam attest.</i>

1065
00:50:44,140 --> 00:50:46,940
<i>With tragic irony,
mccoy reminds us</i>

1066
00:50:46,980 --> 00:50:51,350
<i>That the u.S.'s
"veto of global lethality"</i>

1067
00:50:51,380 --> 00:50:54,520
<i>Might be an equalizer
for any further loss</i>

1068
00:50:54,550 --> 00:50:56,800
<i>Of economic strength,</i>

1069
00:50:56,840 --> 00:50:59,810
<i>And that the u.S.'s "fate
might well be determined</i>

1070
00:50:59,840 --> 00:51:02,870
<i>By which comes first in this
century-long cycle:</i>

1071
00:51:02,910 --> 00:51:06,780
<i>Military debacle
from the illusion
of technological mastery,</i>

1072
00:51:06,810 --> 00:51:10,350
<i>Or a new
technological regime</i>

1073
00:51:10,380 --> 00:51:14,520
<i>Powerful enough to perpetuate
u.S. Global dominion."</i>

1074
00:51:19,690 --> 00:51:21,660
<i>But as a popular series</i>

1075
00:51:21,690 --> 00:51:24,690
<i>Of "star wars" movies shows,</i>

1076
00:51:24,730 --> 00:51:27,890
<i>A nation dominating the world
with its technology</i>

1077
00:51:27,930 --> 00:51:29,830
<i>Will soon become a tyranny...</i>

1078
00:51:29,860 --> 00:51:32,400
Rise, my friend.

1079
00:51:32,430 --> 00:51:36,200
<i>...That will be hated
by those who are tyrannized.</i>

1080
00:51:36,230 --> 00:51:39,870
<i>China may become
the first new empire</i>

1081
00:51:39,910 --> 00:51:42,740
<i>To emerge in this
nuclear-armed world,</i>

1082
00:51:42,770 --> 00:51:44,540
<i>But an empire modeled
on the u.S.</i>

1083
00:51:44,580 --> 00:51:46,940
<i>Or british versions
would be a disaster.</i>

1084
00:51:46,980 --> 00:51:49,750
<i>The great han chauvinism</i>

1085
00:51:49,780 --> 00:51:52,600
<i>Would be no better than
american exceptionalism.</i>

1086
00:51:52,630 --> 00:51:55,830
<i>Former defense official
joseph nye observed that</i>

1087
00:51:55,870 --> 00:51:58,300
<i>The dominant powers'
failure to integrate</i>

1088
00:51:58,340 --> 00:52:00,840
<i>The rising powers
of germany and japan</i>

1089
00:52:00,870 --> 00:52:03,210
<i>Into the 20th-century
global system</i>

1090
00:52:03,240 --> 00:52:07,180
<i>Resulted in two
catastrophic world wars.</i>

1091
00:52:07,210 --> 00:52:10,010
<i>History must not be allowed
to repeat itself again.</i>

1092
00:52:10,050 --> 00:52:13,200
<i>The chinese must shun
the american example</i>

1093
00:52:13,230 --> 00:52:15,780
<i>And the u.S. Must
reverse course.</i>

1094
00:52:15,820 --> 00:52:18,050
<i>Henry wallace
worried that if</i>

1095
00:52:18,080 --> 00:52:20,400
<i>The u.S. Treated
the soviets so badly</i>

1096
00:52:20,450 --> 00:52:24,270
<i>When the u.S. Was riding high
economically and militarily,</i>

1097
00:52:24,310 --> 00:52:26,270
<i>How would the soviets
treat the u.S.</i>

1098
00:52:26,310 --> 00:52:29,340
<i>When and if
the situation was reversed?</i>

1099
00:52:29,380 --> 00:52:31,410
<i>It never happened,</i>

1100
00:52:31,450 --> 00:52:34,080
<i>But this race to the bottom,
he understood,</i>

1101
00:52:34,110 --> 00:52:36,680
<i>Would have no winner.</i>

1102
00:52:37,950 --> 00:52:40,020
<i>As we close out this series</i>

1103
00:52:40,050 --> 00:52:42,890
<i>We must
ask ourselves humbly,</i>

1104
00:52:42,920 --> 00:52:46,020
<i>"in looking back
at the american century,</i>

1105
00:52:46,060 --> 00:52:49,090
<i>Have we acted wisely
and humanely in our relations</i>

1106
00:52:49,130 --> 00:52:51,290
<i>To the rest of the world?</i>

1107
00:52:51,330 --> 00:52:53,700
<i>A world in which the richest
few hundred or thousand</i>

1108
00:52:53,730 --> 00:52:56,030
<i>Or couple thousand
have more wealth</i>

1109
00:52:56,070 --> 00:52:58,870
<i>Than the poorest
three billion?</i>

1110
00:52:58,900 --> 00:53:01,740
<i>Have we been right
to police the globe?</i>

1111
00:53:01,770 --> 00:53:06,040
<i>Have we been a force for good,
for understanding, for peace?"</i>

1112
00:53:06,090 --> 00:53:08,210
<i>We must look
in the mirror.</i>

1113
00:53:08,260 --> 00:53:10,430
<i>Have we,
perhaps in our self-love,</i>

1114
00:53:10,460 --> 00:53:13,730
<i>Become the angels
of our own despair?</i>

1115
00:53:13,760 --> 00:53:16,130
<i>The claims of victory
in the second world war</i>

1116
00:53:16,160 --> 00:53:20,130
<i>And justification
for the atomic bomb
dropped on japan,</i>

1117
00:53:20,170 --> 00:53:22,750
<i>Though aimed
at the soviet union,</i>

1118
00:53:22,790 --> 00:53:24,850
<i>Were the founding myths
of our domination</i>

1119
00:53:24,890 --> 00:53:27,710
<i>And national
security state.</i>

1120
00:53:27,740 --> 00:53:30,390
<i>And the nation's elites
have benefitted from that.</i>

1121
00:53:30,430 --> 00:53:33,640
<i>The bomb has allowed us to win
by any means necessary,</i>

1122
00:53:33,660 --> 00:53:37,060
<i>Which makes us--
because we win-- right.</i>

1123
00:53:37,100 --> 00:53:41,180
<i>And because we are right,
we are therefore good.</i>

1124
00:53:41,220 --> 00:53:43,090
<i>Under these conditions</i>

1125
00:53:43,100 --> 00:53:45,470
<i>There is no morality
but our own.</i>

1126
00:53:45,510 --> 00:53:48,260
<i>As secretary of state
madeleine albright said,</i>

1127
00:53:48,290 --> 00:53:50,190
<i>"but if we have
to use force,</i>

1128
00:53:50,230 --> 00:53:52,460
<i>It is because
we are america;</i>

1129
00:53:52,490 --> 00:53:54,900
<i>We are
the indispensable nation."</i>

1130
00:53:54,930 --> 00:53:58,030
<i>Because we can
and have threatened
humanity with the bomb,</i>

1131
00:53:58,050 --> 00:54:00,800
<i>Our mistakes are forgiven</i>

1132
00:54:00,830 --> 00:54:02,480
<i>And our cruelties justified</i>

1133
00:54:02,540 --> 00:54:05,200
<i>As benignly-motivated
aberrations.</i>

1134
00:54:06,340 --> 00:54:09,210
<i>But domination
doesn't last.</i>

1135
00:54:09,240 --> 00:54:11,870
<i>Five major empires
have collapsed</i>

1136
00:54:11,910 --> 00:54:15,710
<i>In the lifetime of a person
born before world war ii:</i>

1137
00:54:15,750 --> 00:54:17,880
<i>Britain, France,
germany,</i>

1138
00:54:17,910 --> 00:54:20,580
<i>Japan
and the soviet union.</i>

1139
00:54:20,620 --> 00:54:23,550
<i>Three more empires earlier
in the 20th century:</i>

1140
00:54:23,590 --> 00:54:25,890
<i>The russian,
austro-hungarian</i>

1141
00:54:25,920 --> 00:54:27,620
<i>And ottoman.</i>

1142
00:54:27,660 --> 00:54:29,640
<i>If history is a barometer,</i>

1143
00:54:29,690 --> 00:54:32,640
<i>The United States' domination
will end as well.</i>

1144
00:54:32,690 --> 00:54:34,840
<i>We wisely resisted</i>

1145
00:54:34,880 --> 00:54:37,500
<i>Becoming a colonial empire</i>

1146
00:54:37,530 --> 00:54:42,100
<i>And most americans would deny
all imperial pretensions.</i>

1147
00:54:42,130 --> 00:54:45,440
<i>Perhaps that is why we cling
so doggedly to the myth</i>

1148
00:54:45,470 --> 00:54:48,000
<i>Of american exceptionalism--</i>

1149
00:54:48,040 --> 00:54:51,470
<i>American uniqueness,
benevolence, generosity.</i>

1150
00:54:51,510 --> 00:54:53,630
<i>Maybe in that fanciful notion</i>

1151
00:54:53,680 --> 00:54:56,840
<i>Lies the seeds
of american redemption,</i>

1152
00:54:56,880 --> 00:55:00,330
<i>The hope that the United States
will live up to that vision</i>

1153
00:55:00,370 --> 00:55:03,720
<i>Which seemed
within grasp in 1944</i>

1154
00:55:03,750 --> 00:55:06,520
<i>When wallace almost
became president</i>

1155
00:55:06,550 --> 00:55:10,270
<i>Or 1953 when stalin died</i>

1156
00:55:10,310 --> 00:55:12,670
<i>With a new u.S. President
in office,</i>

1157
00:55:12,710 --> 00:55:16,780
<i>Or j.F.K. And khrushchev
in 1963,</i>

1158
00:55:16,810 --> 00:55:19,210
<i>Or bush
and gorbachev in '89,</i>

1159
00:55:19,250 --> 00:55:21,820
<i>Or obama in 2008.</i>

1160
00:55:21,850 --> 00:55:24,250
<i>History has shown us</i>

1161
00:55:24,280 --> 00:55:28,620
<i>The curve of the ball
could have broken
differently.</i>

1162
00:55:28,650 --> 00:55:32,520
<i>These moments will come again
in a different form.</i>

1163
00:55:32,560 --> 00:55:35,630
<i>Will we be ready?</i>

1164
00:55:35,660 --> 00:55:38,290
<i>I think back
to franklin roosevelt</i>

1165
00:55:38,330 --> 00:55:41,300
<i>On the last day of his life
cabling churchill...</i>

1166
00:55:41,330 --> 00:55:44,150
<i>Roosevelt's voice:
I would minimize
the soviet problem</i>

1167
00:55:44,180 --> 00:55:47,500
<i>As much as possible,
because these problems,</i>

1168
00:55:47,540 --> 00:55:51,570
<i>In one form or another,
seem to arise every day</i>

1169
00:55:51,610 --> 00:55:54,110
<i>And most of them
straighten out.</i>

1170
00:55:54,140 --> 00:55:56,180
<i>Stone:
Calming down</i>

1171
00:55:56,210 --> 00:55:58,680
<i>The situations that occur,</i>

1172
00:55:58,710 --> 00:56:00,250
<i>Letting things happen</i>

1173
00:56:00,280 --> 00:56:01,780
<i>Without overreacting,</i>

1174
00:56:01,810 --> 00:56:05,220
<i>Seeing the world through
the eyes of our adversaries:</i>

1175
00:56:05,250 --> 00:56:09,790
<i>This way lies
in sharing in the needs
of other countries</i>

1176
00:56:09,820 --> 00:56:12,220
<i>With true empathy
and compassion,</i>

1177
00:56:12,260 --> 00:56:14,890
<i>Trusting a collective will
of this planet</i>

1178
00:56:14,920 --> 00:56:17,830
<i>To survive
the coming period,</i>

1179
00:56:17,860 --> 00:56:21,900
<i>Ending the threats
of nuclear annihilation
and global warming.</i>

1180
00:56:21,930 --> 00:56:24,060
<i>Can we not surrender
our exceptionalism</i>

1181
00:56:24,100 --> 00:56:25,900
<i>And our arrogance?</i>

1182
00:56:25,930 --> 00:56:29,240
<i>Can we not cut out
the talk of domination?</i>

1183
00:56:29,270 --> 00:56:33,710
<i>Can we stop appealing
to god to bless america
over other nations?</i>

1184
00:56:33,760 --> 00:56:36,440
<i>Hard-liners and nationalists
will object,</i>

1185
00:56:36,480 --> 00:56:39,940
<i>But theirs has proven
not to be the way.</i>

1186
00:56:39,980 --> 00:56:43,200
<i>A young woman said
to me in the 1970s,</i>

1187
00:56:43,230 --> 00:56:46,100
<i>"we need to feminize
this planet."</i>

1188
00:56:46,130 --> 00:56:48,630
<i>I thought it strange then,</i>

1189
00:56:48,670 --> 00:56:52,020
<i>But now I realize
there's power in love--</i>

1190
00:56:52,060 --> 00:56:55,640
<i>Real power in real love.</i>

1191
00:56:55,660 --> 00:56:58,540
<i>Let us find a way back
to respect the law--</i>

1192
00:56:58,580 --> 00:57:02,210
<i>Not of the jungle,
but the law of civilization--</i>

1193
00:57:02,250 --> 00:57:05,810
<i>By which we first came together
and put aside our differences</i>

1194
00:57:05,850 --> 00:57:09,030
<i>To preserve the things
that matter.</i>

1195
00:57:09,070 --> 00:57:12,500
<i>Herodotus wrote
in the fifth century
before christ,</i>

1196
00:57:12,540 --> 00:57:15,860
<i>"the first history
was written in the hope</i>

1197
00:57:15,890 --> 00:57:17,790
<i>Of preserving from decay</i>

1198
00:57:17,830 --> 00:57:21,290
<i>The remembrance of what
men have been."</i>

1199
00:57:21,330 --> 00:57:24,150
<i>And for that reason
the history of man</i>

1200
00:57:24,180 --> 00:57:27,080
<i>Is not only one
of blood and death,</i>

1201
00:57:27,120 --> 00:57:30,470
<i>But one also of honor,
achievement,</i>

1202
00:57:30,490 --> 00:57:33,240
<i>Kindness, memory</i>

1203
00:57:33,270 --> 00:57:35,250
<i>And civilization.</i>

1204
00:57:35,290 --> 00:57:37,090
There is a way forward--

1205
00:57:37,120 --> 00:57:39,190
By remembering the past.

1206
00:57:39,230 --> 00:57:42,160
And then we can start,

1207
00:57:42,200 --> 00:57:45,150
Step by step like a baby,

1208
00:57:45,180 --> 00:57:46,910
Reaching for the stars.

1209
00:57:46,950 --> 00:57:49,800
<i>For in the final analysis,</i>

1210
00:57:49,830 --> 00:57:51,990
<i>Our most basic common link</i>

1211
00:57:52,020 --> 00:57:55,850
<i>Is that we all inhabit
this small planet,</i>

1212
00:57:55,890 --> 00:57:58,960
<i>We all breathe
the same air,</i>

1213
00:57:58,990 --> 00:58:01,890
<i>We all cherish
our children's futures,</i>

1214
00:58:01,930 --> 00:58:03,990
<i>And we are all mortal.</i>