1 00:00:01,440 --> 00:00:02,680 {\an7}Tracy Borman: WHAT IS THE TRUTH 2 00:00:02,720 --> 00:00:04,480 {\an7}\hABOUT THE MADNESS OF KING GEORGE III? 3 00:00:04,520 --> 00:00:06,680 {\an7}\h\h\hWHAT CONDITION CAUSED HIS SUFFERING, 4 00:00:06,720 --> 00:00:09,440 {\an7}AND HOW HAS FASCINATING \h\h\h\hRECENT ANALYSIS 5 00:00:09,480 --> 00:00:11,720 {\an7}CHALLENGED LONG HELD THEORIES? 6 00:00:11,760 --> 00:00:13,640 {\an7}HOW TRUE ARE THE STORIES \h\h\h\h\hABOUT HIS SON, 7 00:00:13,680 --> 00:00:17,280 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHE PRINCE REGENT’S GLUTTONY AND LOVE OF EXCESS? 8 00:00:17,320 --> 00:00:20,320 {\an7}AND HOW DID THIS ERA PROVIDE INSPIRATION 9 00:00:20,360 --> 00:00:23,680 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hFOR THE FIRST POLITICAL CARTOONISTS? 10 00:00:23,720 --> 00:00:25,200 {\an7}Man: GEORGE III WAS SOMEBODY 11 00:00:25,240 --> 00:00:28,040 {\an7}WHO TOOK BEING A KING VERY, VERY SERIOUSLY. 12 00:00:28,080 --> 00:00:31,240 {\an7}\h\hI MEAN, HE TRIED TO BE A GOOD KING IN SPITE OF ALL HIS FAULTS. 13 00:00:31,280 --> 00:00:32,520 {\an7}HE LOST AMERICA. 14 00:00:32,560 --> 00:00:34,240 {\an7}\h\h\h\hHE HAD A VERY DYSFUNCTIONAL FAMILY. 15 00:00:34,280 --> 00:00:36,880 {\an7}\h\h\hIN THE END OF THE DAY, HE COMES ACROSS AS A BIT DULL 16 00:00:36,920 --> 00:00:39,600 {\an7}BUT OTHERWISE A SOLID MONARCH. 17 00:00:39,640 --> 00:00:41,840 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMan: IF WE KNOW ANY ONE FACT ABOUT GEORGE III, 18 00:00:41,880 --> 00:00:44,320 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hIT’S THE FACT THAT HE WAS THE MAD KING. 19 00:00:44,360 --> 00:00:46,640 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hEVENTUALLY, HE WAS COMPLETELY CONSUMED 20 00:00:46,680 --> 00:00:49,240 {\an7}BY THIS SORT OF STRANGE FORM \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF MADNESS 21 00:00:49,280 --> 00:00:50,640 {\an7}THAT WAS IN HIS BLOOD. 22 00:00:50,680 --> 00:00:52,840 {\an7}\hIT WAS AT THAT POINT THAT THE PRINCE REGENT 23 00:00:52,880 --> 00:00:55,640 {\an7}STARTED EYEING UP THE THRONE \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFOR HIMSELF. 24 00:00:55,680 --> 00:00:58,440 {\an7}Woman: FOR MOST PEOPLE \hTHAT KNEW GEORGE IV, 25 00:00:58,480 --> 00:00:59,880 {\an7}THEY DISLIKED HIM. 26 00:00:59,920 --> 00:01:02,600 {\an7}HE WAS DESCRIBED AS A COWARDLY, \h\h\h\h\h\h\hCONTEMPTUOUS DOG 27 00:01:02,640 --> 00:01:03,920 {\an7}BY ONE OF HIS AIDES. 28 00:01:03,960 --> 00:01:06,160 {\an7}HE WAS NOT A NICE PERSON. 29 00:01:06,200 --> 00:01:08,320 {\an7}Man: GEORGE IV WAS A PLEASURE-LOVING, 30 00:01:08,360 --> 00:01:12,280 {\an7}LASCIVIOUS, HARD-DRINKING, \h\h\hHARD-GAMBLING, VENAL, 31 00:01:12,320 --> 00:01:17,560 {\an7}\hVINDICTIVE, NASTY, SMALL-MINDED RULER. 32 00:01:17,600 --> 00:01:18,600 {\an7}George III: AAH! 33 00:01:18,640 --> 00:01:20,280 {\an7}Borman: IN THIS EPISODE, 34 00:01:20,320 --> 00:01:24,320 {\an7}\h\h\h\hWE EXAMINE THE DECLINE AND MADNESS OF KING GEORGE III, 35 00:01:24,360 --> 00:01:27,160 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE CARTOONS THAT SCANDALIZED THE MONARCHY, 36 00:01:27,200 --> 00:01:30,240 {\an7}AS WELL AS THE GARGANTUAN \hAPPETITES AND LIFESTYLE 37 00:01:30,280 --> 00:01:33,040 {\an7}OF HIS SON, THE NEW GEORGE IV. 38 00:01:35,800 --> 00:01:38,760 {\an7}I’M TRACY BORMAN, AND I’M HERE \h\hTO TRY AND FIND THE ANSWERS 39 00:01:38,800 --> 00:01:42,080 {\an7}TO THESE AND MANY MORE FASCINATING QUESTIONS, 40 00:01:42,120 --> 00:01:45,720 {\an7}AS WE TELL THE REMARKABLE STORY \h\h\h\h\hOF THE PRIVATE LIVES 41 00:01:45,760 --> 00:01:48,720 {\an7}\h\hOF KING GEORGE III AND THE PRINCE REGENT. 42 00:01:52,840 --> 00:01:57,800 {\an7}♪ 43 00:01:57,840 --> 00:02:00,040 {\an7}IN OCTOBER 1760, 44 00:02:00,080 --> 00:02:02,240 {\an7}AT THE AGE OF JUST 22, 45 00:02:02,280 --> 00:02:03,960 {\an7}GEORGE WILLIAM FREDERICK 46 00:02:04,000 --> 00:02:06,200 {\an7}BECAME THE THIRD HANOVERIAN KING 47 00:02:06,240 --> 00:02:08,400 {\an7}OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 48 00:02:08,440 --> 00:02:11,480 {\an7}HE WAS ONLY HEIR TO THE THRONE \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBECAUSE IN 1751 49 00:02:11,520 --> 00:02:14,280 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHIS FATHER, FREDERICK PRINCE OF WALES, 50 00:02:14,320 --> 00:02:16,520 {\an7}HAD DIED FROM A LUNG ABSCESS, 51 00:02:16,560 --> 00:02:18,480 {\an7}\hWHICH WAS BELIEVED TO HAVE BEEN CAUSED 52 00:02:18,520 --> 00:02:21,080 {\an7}BY A BLOW FROM A CRICKET BALL. 53 00:02:21,120 --> 00:02:23,760 {\an7}\h\h\hBUT WHAT KIND OF MAN HAD ASCENDED TO THE THRONE, 54 00:02:23,800 --> 00:02:27,600 {\an7}AND WHY WAS HE KNOWN \h\hAS FARMER GEORGE? 55 00:02:27,640 --> 00:02:34,040 {\an7}♪ 56 00:02:34,080 --> 00:02:37,720 {\an7}Tony McMahon: GEORGE III CAME \hFROM A LINE OF GERMAN KINGS. 57 00:02:37,760 --> 00:02:39,800 {\an7}NOW, HE IS THE FIRST \hOF THE HANOVERIANS 58 00:02:39,840 --> 00:02:41,520 {\an7}WHO TRIES TO PROJECT THE FACT 59 00:02:41,560 --> 00:02:43,600 {\an7}THAT HE IS ENGLISH, \h\hHE IS BRITISH. 60 00:02:43,640 --> 00:02:48,160 {\an7}HE’S A 22-YEAR-OLD, AND HE SAYS \hTO THE COUNTRY, "I AM BRITISH. 61 00:02:48,200 --> 00:02:50,480 {\an7}I WAS BORN IN THIS COUNTRY, \h\h\h\h\hNOT IN GERMANY." 62 00:02:50,520 --> 00:02:54,520 {\an7}HE WANTED TO BE REGARDED \h\h\hAS TOTALLY BRITISH. 63 00:02:54,560 --> 00:02:56,720 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hRebecca Rideal: HE BECAME A MONARCH QUITE YOUNG, 64 00:02:56,760 --> 00:02:58,800 {\an7}AND HE WAS QUIET. 65 00:02:58,840 --> 00:03:02,200 {\an7}\h\hHE WASN’T AS INTELLECTUAL AS SOME OF HIS PREDECESSORS, 66 00:03:02,240 --> 00:03:03,800 {\an7}BUT HE WASN’T AS ABYSMAL 67 00:03:03,840 --> 00:03:06,360 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAS OTHERS OF HIS PREDECESSORS AS WELL. 68 00:03:06,400 --> 00:03:09,400 {\an7}HE WAS KIND OF AVERAGE \h\h\hIN INTELLIGENCE. 69 00:03:09,440 --> 00:03:13,280 {\an7}Hallie Rubenhold: GEORGE LIVED \h\h\h\hLIKE A COUNTRY SQUIRE. 70 00:03:13,320 --> 00:03:15,920 {\an7}\h\h\h\hHE WAS INTERESTED IN AGRICULTURAL MATTERS. 71 00:03:15,960 --> 00:03:19,960 {\an7}HE WAS INTERESTED IN FRUGALITY, \h\h\h\h\h\hIN PENNY-PINCHING. 72 00:03:20,000 --> 00:03:23,360 {\an7}\hHE WAS INTERESTED IN HIS LITTLE SCIENTIFIC PROJECTS. 73 00:03:23,400 --> 00:03:25,880 {\an7}\hHE WAS NOT INTERESTED IN FASHIONABLE SOCIETY. 74 00:03:25,920 --> 00:03:29,080 {\an7}HE WAS NOT INTERESTED \hIN MAKING A SPLASH. 75 00:03:29,120 --> 00:03:33,760 {\an7}\hHE WANTED A VERY SIMPLE AND VERY PLAIN EXISTENCE. 76 00:03:33,800 --> 00:03:43,320 {\an7}♪ 77 00:03:43,360 --> 00:03:46,960 {\an7}\h\hBorman: OF COURSE, THIS WAS THE ERA OF ARRANGED MARRIAGES, 78 00:03:47,000 --> 00:03:49,360 {\an7}AND AFTER A THOROUGH \h\h\hOFFICIAL SEARCH 79 00:03:49,400 --> 00:03:51,840 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHROUGH A LIST OF THE AVAILABLE WOMEN IN EUROPE, 80 00:03:51,880 --> 00:03:54,200 {\an7}IT WAS DECIDED THAT CHARLOTTE, 81 00:03:54,240 --> 00:03:57,320 {\an7}THE DAUGHTER OF THE DUKE OF MECKLENBURG-STRELITZ, 82 00:03:57,360 --> 00:03:59,680 {\an7}WAS A SUITABLE MATCH \h\hFOR THE NEW KING. 83 00:03:59,720 --> 00:04:02,480 {\an7}\h\hAND IT TOOK PLACE BEHIND THOSE WINDOWS, 84 00:04:02,520 --> 00:04:05,800 {\an7}\h\hIN THE CHAPEL ROYAL AT ST. JAMES’S PALACE. 85 00:04:05,840 --> 00:04:09,920 {\an7}♪ 86 00:04:09,960 --> 00:04:12,120 {\an7}AMAZING AS IT NOW SOUNDS, 87 00:04:12,160 --> 00:04:14,160 {\an7}GEORGE HAD NEVER MET \h\h\hHIS FUTURE WIFE 88 00:04:14,200 --> 00:04:16,080 {\an7}BEFORE THE DAY OF THE WEDDING. 89 00:04:16,120 --> 00:04:18,560 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hYOU’D THINK THAT UNPROMISING START 90 00:04:18,600 --> 00:04:21,760 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMIGHT HAVE MADE A SUCCESSFUL UNION UNLIKELY, 91 00:04:21,800 --> 00:04:24,560 {\an7}\hBUT THIS WAS TO BE A VERY HAPPY MARRIAGE 92 00:04:24,600 --> 00:04:29,480 {\an7}\hTHAT LASTED FOR 57 YEARS AND PRODUCED 15 CHILDREN. 93 00:04:29,520 --> 00:04:31,560 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAT A TIME WHEN IT WAS ALMOST EXPECTED 94 00:04:31,600 --> 00:04:35,400 {\an7}\h\h\hTHAT A KING SHOULD KEEP MISTRESSES, GEORGE NEVER DID. 95 00:04:37,720 --> 00:04:39,360 {\an7}Rideal: LOTS AND LOTS OF WOMEN \h\h\h\h\h\hFROM AROUND EUROPE 96 00:04:39,400 --> 00:04:40,720 {\an7}HAD BEEN ASSESSED. 97 00:04:40,760 --> 00:04:42,640 {\an7}MANY HAD BEEN FOUND TO BE INAPPROPRIATE, 98 00:04:42,680 --> 00:04:46,640 {\an7}\h\hAND FINALLY THEY FIXED ON THIS PRINCESS CHARLOTTE, 99 00:04:46,680 --> 00:04:49,760 {\an7}AND SHE WAS CHOSEN, NOT BECAUSE \h\h\h\hSHE WAS A GREAT BEAUTY, 100 00:04:49,800 --> 00:04:52,520 {\an7}BUT BECAUSE SHE WAS THOUGHT \h\hTO BE SENSIBLE AND OKAY 101 00:04:52,560 --> 00:04:55,840 {\an7}AND OPEN TO THE WAY OF LIFE \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN ENGLAND 102 00:04:55,880 --> 00:04:58,920 {\an7}AND MARRIAGE TO GEORGE AS WELL. 103 00:04:58,960 --> 00:05:02,600 {\an7}Rubenhold: HERE WAS GEORGE, \h\hWHO MARRIED CHARLOTTE, 104 00:05:02,640 --> 00:05:06,560 {\an7}WHO WAS KNOWN TO BE THIS RATHER \hUNATTRACTIVE GERMAN PRINCESS 105 00:05:06,600 --> 00:05:08,360 {\an7}WHO HE HAD NEVER MET, 106 00:05:08,400 --> 00:05:11,840 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWHO HE STAYED ABSOLUTELY FAITHFUL TO 107 00:05:11,880 --> 00:05:13,640 {\an7}THROUGHOUT HIS MARRIAGE. 108 00:05:13,680 --> 00:05:15,360 {\an7}\h\h\h\hDominic Selwood: GEORGE WAS VERY DIFFERENT 109 00:05:15,400 --> 00:05:17,320 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTO MANY OF THE MONARCHS WHO CAME BEFORE AND AFTERWARDS, 110 00:05:17,360 --> 00:05:20,040 {\an7}IN THAT HE REALLY WAS DEVOTED \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO HIS QUEEN, 111 00:05:20,080 --> 00:05:21,840 {\an7}WHOM HE DIDN’T KNOW THAT WELL. 112 00:05:21,880 --> 00:05:24,640 {\an7}IT WAS STILL A FORMAL MARRIAGE, \hBUT THE LETTERS BETWEEN THEM, 113 00:05:24,680 --> 00:05:27,040 {\an7}PARTICULARLY WHEN HE BECAME \h\h\hINSANE LATER IN LIFE, 114 00:05:27,080 --> 00:05:29,040 {\an7}THEY’RE EXTRAORDINARILY TENDER. 115 00:05:29,080 --> 00:05:30,840 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTHESE TWO HAD A VERY SPECIAL BOND, 116 00:05:30,880 --> 00:05:32,520 {\an7}AND HE WAS FAITHFUL TO HER. 117 00:05:32,560 --> 00:05:35,440 {\an7}FOR THE PERIOD AND THE SEVERAL \h\h\hHUNDRED YEARS BEFOREHAND, 118 00:05:35,480 --> 00:05:38,360 {\an7}THAT MAKES GEORGE ALMOST UNIQUE. 119 00:05:38,400 --> 00:05:44,840 {\an7}♪ 120 00:05:44,880 --> 00:05:47,640 {\an7}\h\hBorman: BEHIND ME IS ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS BUILDINGS 121 00:05:47,680 --> 00:05:50,360 {\an7}\h\hIN THE WORLD-- BUCKINGHAM PALACE-- 122 00:05:50,400 --> 00:05:53,760 {\an7}\hBUT IT CERTAINLY WASN’T THAT WHEN KING GEORGE PURCHASED IT 123 00:05:53,800 --> 00:05:58,240 {\an7}AS PLAIN OLD BUCKINGHAM HOUSE \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN 1761. 124 00:05:58,280 --> 00:06:01,400 {\an7}HE BOUGHT IT AS A LONDON RETREAT FOR HIS FAMILY, 125 00:06:01,440 --> 00:06:04,240 {\an7}\h\h\h\hWHILE HIS MAIN AND FAVORED RESIDENCES 126 00:06:04,280 --> 00:06:08,320 {\an7}\h\hWERE KEW PALACE AND WINDSOR CASTLE. 127 00:06:08,360 --> 00:06:10,760 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hMcMahon: IN 1761, GEORGE III BUYS THIS HOUSE, 128 00:06:10,800 --> 00:06:12,120 {\an7}BUCKINGHAM HOUSE. 129 00:06:12,160 --> 00:06:14,480 {\an7}\h\h\hIT’S QUITE CLOSE TO ST. JAMES’S PALACE. 130 00:06:14,520 --> 00:06:16,800 {\an7}\h\hIT’S INTENDED TO BE A KIND OF FAMILY HOME, 131 00:06:16,840 --> 00:06:19,320 {\an7}BUT, TO BE HONEST, IT WAS A PRETTY RAMSHACKLE PLACE. 132 00:06:19,360 --> 00:06:21,040 {\an7}\h\h\hIT WAS A KIND OF A HUNTING LODGE, 133 00:06:21,080 --> 00:06:23,840 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAND IT’S NOTHING LIKE THE BUILDING THAT YOU SEE TODAY, 134 00:06:23,880 --> 00:06:25,840 {\an7}SO THERE WAS NO GRAND FACADE. 135 00:06:25,880 --> 00:06:27,680 {\an7}\hIT’S REALLY A KIND OF A RETREAT ALMOST, 136 00:06:27,720 --> 00:06:30,560 {\an7}BUT RIGHT NEXT TO THE PALACE. 137 00:06:30,600 --> 00:06:33,200 {\an7}\hMatt Green: HE WAS A MAN OF SIMPLE, MODEST TASTES. 138 00:06:33,240 --> 00:06:34,320 {\an7}HE WAS FARMER GEORGE. 139 00:06:34,360 --> 00:06:35,720 {\an7}HE DIDN’T REALLY WANT TO SPEND 140 00:06:35,760 --> 00:06:37,840 {\an7}THAT MUCH LONGER IN LONDON \h\h\h\h\h\hTHAN HE HAD TO, 141 00:06:37,880 --> 00:06:40,960 {\an7}\hSO HE TENDED TO, YOU KNOW, APPEAR IN ST. JAMES’S PALACE, 142 00:06:41,000 --> 00:06:43,720 {\an7}BUT THEN HE WOULD RETREAT TO KEW OR TO WINDSOR 143 00:06:43,760 --> 00:06:45,240 {\an7}AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE. 144 00:06:45,280 --> 00:06:46,720 {\an7}YOU KNOW, THE URBANE LIFE 145 00:06:46,760 --> 00:06:48,280 {\an7}WASN’T FOR HIM. 146 00:06:48,320 --> 00:06:50,480 {\an7}\h\h\h\hSelwood: GEORGE GOT THE NICKNAME FARMER GEORGE 147 00:06:50,520 --> 00:06:52,840 {\an7}BECAUSE HE WASN’T REALLY \h\hINTERESTED OR SUITED 148 00:06:52,880 --> 00:06:55,720 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTO THE POLITICS AND HIGH INTERNATIONAL DIPLOMACY. 149 00:06:55,760 --> 00:06:59,880 {\an7}WHAT HE REALLY LOVED WAS PLANTS \h\h\hAND FLOWERS AND FARMING. 150 00:06:59,920 --> 00:07:04,120 {\an7}\h\hTHE TIME HE SPENT AT KEW AND AT WINDSOR IN HIS GARDEN 151 00:07:04,160 --> 00:07:07,320 {\an7}WERE THE HAPPIEST TIMES \h\h\h\h\hIN HIS LIFE. 152 00:07:07,360 --> 00:07:12,120 {\an7}\h\h[BAND PLAYING GOD SAVE THE KING] 153 00:07:12,160 --> 00:07:19,240 {\an7}♪ 154 00:07:19,280 --> 00:07:21,400 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hBorman: KING GEORGE MAY HAVE BEEN A LOT OF THINGS, 155 00:07:21,440 --> 00:07:23,800 {\an7}\hBUT HE CERTAINLY WASN’T A TRAVELER. 156 00:07:23,840 --> 00:07:27,880 {\an7}IN FACT, HE SPENT HIS ENTIRE \h\hLIFE IN SOUTHERN ENGLAND. 157 00:07:27,920 --> 00:07:30,280 {\an7}HE EVEN TOOK HIS FAMILY \h\h\h\h\h\hON HOLIDAYS 158 00:07:30,320 --> 00:07:33,160 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTO THE DELIGHTS OF THE SOUTHERN COAST, 159 00:07:33,200 --> 00:07:35,320 {\an7}AND HE LOVED BATHING IN THE SEA, 160 00:07:35,360 --> 00:07:38,840 {\an7}BUT NOT AS THE AVERAGE PERSON \h\h\h\h\h\h\hDOES IT TODAY. 161 00:07:38,880 --> 00:07:43,520 {\an7}♪ 162 00:07:43,560 --> 00:07:46,160 {\an7}\h\h\h\hONE OF THE KING’S FAVORITE HOLIDAY RESORTS 163 00:07:46,200 --> 00:07:50,160 {\an7}\hWAS WEYMOUTH IN DORSET, WHICH HAS A FAMOUS BEACH, 164 00:07:50,200 --> 00:07:53,560 {\an7}\h\hAND WHERE THERE’S A BEACH, THERE’S WATER IN WHICH TO SWIM, 165 00:07:53,600 --> 00:07:56,160 {\an7}WHICH WAS EXACTLY WHAT THE KING DID. 166 00:07:56,200 --> 00:07:59,160 {\an7}\h\h\hHOWEVER, THIS WAS NOT A SUN LOUNGER, BEACH TOWEL, 167 00:07:59,200 --> 00:08:01,240 {\an7}BOTTLE OF SUN CREAM \h\hTYPE OF AFFAIR. 168 00:08:01,280 --> 00:08:03,800 {\an7}NO, WHEN GEORGE WENT BATHING, 169 00:08:03,840 --> 00:08:09,200 {\an7}\h\h\hHE DID SO IN A MANNER BEFITTING HIS ROYAL STATUS. 170 00:08:09,240 --> 00:08:12,880 {\an7}Green: AS THE MONARCH, NOT JUST \hOF ENGLAND BUT BRITAIN AS WELL 171 00:08:12,920 --> 00:08:16,200 {\an7}AND A BURGEONING EMPIRE, YOU NEED SOME TIME OUT, 172 00:08:16,240 --> 00:08:19,400 {\an7}\h\h\hSO HE WENT TO WEYMOUTH, AND THE REASON HE WENT THERE 173 00:08:19,440 --> 00:08:21,400 {\an7}WAS TO TAKE THE WATERS 174 00:08:21,440 --> 00:08:25,160 {\an7}FOR ITS KIND OF HEALTH-GIVING \h\hAND THERAPEUTIC BENEFITS. 175 00:08:25,200 --> 00:08:26,360 {\an7}McMahon: SO YOU HAVE TO IMAGINE 176 00:08:26,400 --> 00:08:28,880 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hGEORGE III GOING DOWN TO THE BEACH. 177 00:08:28,920 --> 00:08:30,960 {\an7}\h\h\hTHIS IS NOT LIKE A MODERN BEACH HOLIDAY. 178 00:08:31,000 --> 00:08:33,280 {\an7}I MEAN, HE WOULD GO DOWN \h\hIN WHAT WAS DESCRIBED 179 00:08:33,320 --> 00:08:34,640 {\an7}AS A BATHING MACHINE. 180 00:08:34,680 --> 00:08:37,440 {\an7}SO HE’D BE PUSHED DOWN \h\h\h\h\h\hTO THE SEA, 181 00:08:37,480 --> 00:08:40,400 {\an7}AND NEARBY WAS A BAND THAT WOULD GOD SAVE THE KING 182 00:08:40,440 --> 00:08:41,960 {\an7}AS IF IT WASN’T THERE, 183 00:08:42,000 --> 00:08:44,640 {\an7}\h\hAND THEN HE WOULD EMERGE IN SOME KIND OF BATHING ROBE, 184 00:08:44,680 --> 00:08:46,120 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hBECAUSE OBVIOUSLY YOU DIDN’T SHOW YOUR BODY OFF 185 00:08:46,160 --> 00:08:47,840 {\an7}IN THOSE DAYS, 186 00:08:47,880 --> 00:08:50,880 {\an7}\hAND PROCESS DOWN TO THE SEA AND COVER HIMSELF IN SEAWATER 187 00:08:50,920 --> 00:08:53,840 {\an7}IN THE HOPE THAT THIS WOULD TAKE AWAY ALL HIS VARIOUS AILMENTS. 188 00:08:53,880 --> 00:08:56,720 {\an7}Rubenhold: HE WENT EVERY YEAR \h\h\hTO WEYMOUTH TO DO THIS 189 00:08:56,760 --> 00:08:59,640 {\an7}BECAUSE GEORGE IN HIS HEART \hWAS A CREATURE OF HABIT. 190 00:08:59,680 --> 00:09:01,640 {\an7}HE LIKED PLAIN THINGS. 191 00:09:01,680 --> 00:09:05,520 {\an7}\hHE LIKED TO JUST DO THE SAME THING THAT HE WOULD ALWAYS DO. 192 00:09:10,880 --> 00:09:13,920 {\an7}Borman: GEORGE III’S PASSION \h\hFOR BATHING AND MEDICINE 193 00:09:13,960 --> 00:09:16,440 {\an7}\h\h\h\hWASN’T HIS ONLY INTELLECTUAL INTEREST. 194 00:09:16,480 --> 00:09:18,800 {\an7}HERE, AT THE SCIENCE MUSEUM \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN LONDON, 195 00:09:18,840 --> 00:09:22,480 {\an7}THEY HAVE SOME UNIQUE ARTIFACTS \h\h\h\h\hFROM THE KING’S LIFE, 196 00:09:22,520 --> 00:09:25,600 {\an7}AND I’VE BEEN GIVEN SPECIAL \hPERMISSION TO TAKE A LOOK 197 00:09:25,640 --> 00:09:28,720 {\an7}WITH ONE OF THE CURATORS, \h\h\h\hJANE DESBOROUGH. 198 00:09:28,760 --> 00:09:30,520 {\an7}THAT’S INCREDIBLE! 199 00:09:30,560 --> 00:09:33,720 {\an7}Jane Desborough: SO, HERE WE ARE IN THE CONSERVATION LABS. 200 00:09:33,760 --> 00:09:35,200 {\an7}I’LL JUST GET THE LIGHTS. 201 00:09:37,320 --> 00:09:38,640 {\an7}Borman: WOW! 202 00:09:38,680 --> 00:09:40,640 {\an7}\hNOW, THESE LOOK-- INTRIGUING OBJECTS. 203 00:09:40,680 --> 00:09:42,080 {\an7}WHAT ARE THEY? 204 00:09:42,120 --> 00:09:44,200 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hDesborough: SO, HERE WE HAVE TWO OBJECTS 205 00:09:44,240 --> 00:09:46,360 {\an7}FROM THE KING GEORGE III \h\h\h\h\h\h\hCOLLECTION. 206 00:09:46,400 --> 00:09:47,720 {\an7}ON THE ONE HAND, 207 00:09:47,760 --> 00:09:51,960 {\an7}WE’VE GOT THE VERY SHINY AND HIGH-END INSTRUMENTS 208 00:09:52,000 --> 00:09:55,200 {\an7}MADE BY THE GEORGE ADAMS FAMILY \h\h\h\h\hOF INSTRUMENT MAKERS 209 00:09:55,240 --> 00:09:56,720 {\an7}FOR GEORGE III. 210 00:09:56,760 --> 00:09:58,360 {\an7}Borman: SO, TELL ME \hWHAT THIS WAS FOR. 211 00:09:58,400 --> 00:10:00,880 {\an7}\h\h\hDesborough: SO, THIS IS MECHANICAL POWERS OPERATORS, 212 00:10:00,920 --> 00:10:05,760 {\an7}AND THAT MEANS MECHANICAL POWERS ARE PULLEYS AND LEVERS. 213 00:10:05,800 --> 00:10:08,600 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHE DEMONSTRATOR WOULD USE DIFFERENT WEIGHTS 214 00:10:08,640 --> 00:10:10,640 {\an7}ON THESE DIFFERENT SERIES \h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF PULLEYS, 215 00:10:10,680 --> 00:10:12,240 {\an7}AND THIS WAS VERY IMPORTANT \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAT THE TIME 216 00:10:12,280 --> 00:10:15,200 {\an7}\h\hBECAUSE ALTHOUGH PEOPLE HAD ALWAYS BEEN INTERESTED 217 00:10:15,240 --> 00:10:18,480 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIN DIFFERENT PULLEYS AND THE WAY THAT GREAT WEIGHTS 218 00:10:18,520 --> 00:10:21,800 {\an7}SUCH AS STONES OR CARGO \h\h\hCOULD BE LIFTED, 219 00:10:21,840 --> 00:10:23,520 {\an7}THEY REALLY WANTED TO WORK OUT 220 00:10:23,560 --> 00:10:26,120 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHE PRINCIPLES BEHIND EFFICIENT LIFTING 221 00:10:26,160 --> 00:10:27,960 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND CHOOSE THE RIGHT KIND OF PULLEYS 222 00:10:28,000 --> 00:10:31,160 {\an7}FOR THE JOB THAT THEY NEEDED \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO GET DONE. 223 00:10:31,200 --> 00:10:35,360 {\an7}Green: WE THINK OF GEORGE \h\h\hAS SPARTAN, MODEST, 224 00:10:35,400 --> 00:10:37,400 {\an7}ALMOST QUITE A BACKWARDS FIGURE. 225 00:10:37,440 --> 00:10:40,120 {\an7}IT’S SINCE COME TO LIGHT THAT THERE WAS ANOTHER SIDE TO HIM, 226 00:10:40,160 --> 00:10:41,840 {\an7}\h\hAND THIS KIND OF VENEER OF SIMPLICITY 227 00:10:41,880 --> 00:10:44,200 {\an7}CLOAKED A BRILLIANT MIND, 228 00:10:44,240 --> 00:10:48,320 {\an7}\h\h\h\hAND HE WAS INCREDIBLY SORT OF SCIENTIFICALLY ACUTE, 229 00:10:48,360 --> 00:10:52,520 {\an7}\h\h\h\hAND HE’S ALMOST LEFT A KIND OF 800 SORT OF GADGETS 230 00:10:52,560 --> 00:10:53,760 {\an7}\hTHAT HE USED TO KIND OF PLAY WITH 231 00:10:53,800 --> 00:10:56,360 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND MEASURE ALMOST ON A DAILY BASIS. 232 00:10:56,400 --> 00:10:58,720 {\an7}AND WE STILL HAVE \hHIS CALCULATIONS 233 00:10:58,760 --> 00:11:02,480 {\an7}\hBASED ON THE TRANSIT OF VENUS, WHICH OCCURRED DURING HIS REIGN, 234 00:11:02,520 --> 00:11:05,760 {\an7}\h\hAND THE ENTIRE THING IS ABSOLUTELY METICULOUS. 235 00:11:05,800 --> 00:11:07,680 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIT’S ALMOST LIKE HE’S A BIT OF AN OBSESSIVE. 236 00:11:07,720 --> 00:11:10,040 {\an7}SO THIS WAS COMPLETELY \h\h\h\hSORT OF HIDDEN 237 00:11:10,080 --> 00:11:14,560 {\an7}BY THE IMAGE THAT HE USED TO \h\h\hPORTRAY TO THE PUBLIC. 238 00:11:14,600 --> 00:11:16,920 {\an7}Desborough: IF I CAN SHOW YOU \h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE NEXT MODEL. 239 00:11:16,960 --> 00:11:19,800 {\an7}THIS IS A MODEL PILE DRIVER. 240 00:11:19,840 --> 00:11:21,760 {\an7}THE FULL-SCALE VERSION \hWOULD HAVE BEEN USED 241 00:11:21,800 --> 00:11:23,920 {\an7}\h\h\h\hIN THE CONSTRUCTION OF OLD WESTMINSTER BRIDGE. 242 00:11:23,960 --> 00:11:25,360 {\an7}Borman: OH, REALLY? 243 00:11:25,400 --> 00:11:27,120 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hDesborough: SO, HERE WE’VE GOT THIS PRINT, 244 00:11:27,160 --> 00:11:30,400 {\an7}\h\h\h\hIF I CAN SHOW YOU THIS, OF HOW THE PILE DRIVER WORKED. 245 00:11:30,440 --> 00:11:33,800 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAS YOU CAN SEE, IT WAS FLOATING ON THE RIVER. 246 00:11:33,840 --> 00:11:36,280 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHERE WERE HORSES THAT OPERATED THE CAPSTAN. 247 00:11:36,320 --> 00:11:39,280 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIF I SHOW YOU ON THE MAIN MODEL HERE. 248 00:11:39,320 --> 00:11:42,760 {\an7}SO THE HORSES WOULD HAVE \h\hTURNED THIS CAPSTAN. 249 00:11:42,800 --> 00:11:45,520 {\an7}THAT WOULD HAVE LIFTED THIS WEIGHT OVER HERE. 250 00:11:45,560 --> 00:11:47,480 {\an7}THAT WOULD HAVE BEEN TAKEN UP TO THE TOP 251 00:11:47,520 --> 00:11:51,640 {\an7}\h\hAND THEN LET GO TO DRIVE THE PILES INTO THE RIVERBED. 252 00:11:51,680 --> 00:11:54,240 {\an7}Borman: SO, GIVEN THIS WAS \hA HUGE PART OF HIS LIFE, 253 00:11:54,280 --> 00:11:57,600 {\an7}AND THERE ARE WHAT, 800 OBJECTS, YOU SAID, IN THE COLLECTION, 254 00:11:57,640 --> 00:11:59,960 {\an7}WHY HAS IT BEEN FORGOTTEN? 255 00:12:00,000 --> 00:12:01,560 {\an7}Desborough: I DON’T KNOW. 256 00:12:01,600 --> 00:12:04,080 {\an7}\h\h\h\hI MEAN, THAT’S SOMETHING THAT WE HERE REALLY WANT TO PUSH 257 00:12:04,120 --> 00:12:07,160 {\an7}SO THAT PEOPLE UNDERSTAND THE OTHER SIDE TO GEORGE, 258 00:12:07,200 --> 00:12:09,360 {\an7}BECAUSE IT IS SO IMPORTANT \h\h\h\h\hAND FASCINATING, 259 00:12:09,400 --> 00:12:11,640 {\an7}AND HE SHOULD BE KNOWN \h\h\h\hAS THAT PERSON 260 00:12:11,680 --> 00:12:16,200 {\an7}WHO WAS SO INTRIGUED AND INTO EVERYTHING. 261 00:12:16,240 --> 00:12:18,720 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hBorman: IT’S BEEN A TOTAL REVELATION FOR ME. 262 00:12:18,760 --> 00:12:20,320 {\an7}\hIT’S REALLY CHANGED MY OPINION OF GEORGE, 263 00:12:20,360 --> 00:12:22,520 {\an7}SO I’M VERY GRATEFUL TO YOU \h\h\hFOR SHOWING ME THEM. 264 00:12:22,560 --> 00:12:23,960 {\an7}THANK YOU. 265 00:12:24,000 --> 00:12:26,640 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hDesborough: IT’S WONDERFUL TO SHOW YOU THEM. 266 00:12:26,680 --> 00:12:29,440 {\an7}\hRubenhold: GEORGE WAS A MUCH MORE COMPLEX MAN 267 00:12:29,480 --> 00:12:31,840 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTHAN HE’S OFTEN GIVEN CREDIT FOR BEING. 268 00:12:31,880 --> 00:12:33,960 {\an7}HE WAS FASCINATED WITH THE ARTS. 269 00:12:34,000 --> 00:12:36,480 {\an7}\h\hHE WAS THE PATRON OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY. 270 00:12:36,520 --> 00:12:39,640 {\an7}HE HAD A MASSIVE COLLECTION \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF BOOKS, 271 00:12:39,680 --> 00:12:44,240 {\an7}WHICH LATER BECAME THE ESSENCE \h\hOF, OF THE BRITISH LIBRARY. 272 00:12:44,280 --> 00:12:49,680 {\an7}HE WAS A MAN WHO WAS FASCINATED \h\hWITH INTELLECTUAL PURSUITS 273 00:12:49,720 --> 00:12:52,040 {\an7}AND ENGAGED IN THEM, 274 00:12:52,080 --> 00:12:56,840 {\an7}AND HE WAS WHAT WE WOULD THINK OF AS AN ENLIGHTENED MONARCH, 275 00:12:56,880 --> 00:12:58,480 {\an7}A MAN OF HIS TIME. 276 00:12:58,520 --> 00:13:04,160 {\an7}♪ 277 00:13:04,200 --> 00:13:06,280 {\an7}George III: AAH! 278 00:13:06,320 --> 00:13:09,680 {\an7}Borman: BUT, OF COURSE, WHEN WE THINK OF KING GEORGE III, 279 00:13:09,720 --> 00:13:12,760 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWE THINK FIRST OF HIS SO-CALLED MADNESS, 280 00:13:12,800 --> 00:13:16,360 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTHE RECURRING BOUTS OF TERRIBLE MENTAL ILLNESS, 281 00:13:16,400 --> 00:13:21,800 {\an7}\hWHICH AFFECTED THE KING FROM 1788 UNTIL THE END OF HIS LIFE. 282 00:13:23,480 --> 00:13:26,520 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFOR MANY YEARS, THE CAUSE OF THE KING’S ILLNESS 283 00:13:26,560 --> 00:13:30,600 {\an7}WAS BELIEVED TO BE AN INHERITED \h\hCONDITION CALLED PORPHYRIA, 284 00:13:30,640 --> 00:13:36,640 {\an7}\h\hBUT VERY RECENT RESEARCH HAS SHED SOME DOUBT ON THAT. 285 00:13:36,680 --> 00:13:39,120 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hSelwood: GEORGE III HAD THREE VERY SERIOUS EPISODES 286 00:13:39,160 --> 00:13:40,720 {\an7}OF INSANITY. 287 00:13:40,760 --> 00:13:42,560 {\an7}\h\h\h\hWE DON’T KNOW EXACTLY WHAT IT WAS. 288 00:13:42,600 --> 00:13:44,720 {\an7}\h\h\hPEOPLE HAVE COME UP WITH DIFFERENT IDEAS OVER THE YEARS. 289 00:13:44,760 --> 00:13:46,520 {\an7}\hFOR A LONG TIME, IT WAS PORPHYRIA. 290 00:13:46,560 --> 00:13:48,240 {\an7}IT’S POSSIBLE. 291 00:13:48,280 --> 00:13:50,840 {\an7}PEOPLE NOW LIKE TO TALK MORE \h\hABOUT A BIPOLAR DISORDER, 292 00:13:50,880 --> 00:13:52,520 {\an7}WHICH IS ALSO POSSIBLE. 293 00:13:52,560 --> 00:13:55,040 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hBUT WHAT IS CERTAIN IS THAT HE HAD SERIOUS INSANITY 294 00:13:55,080 --> 00:13:56,480 {\an7}FOR THESE PERIODS. 295 00:13:56,520 --> 00:13:58,560 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hGreen: THE LOSS OF THE AMERICAN COLONIES 296 00:13:58,600 --> 00:14:02,960 {\an7}\h\h\hDEALT AN EXTREMELY SEVERE PSYCHOLOGICAL BLOW TO THE KING. 297 00:14:03,000 --> 00:14:05,720 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hJUST IMAGINE YOU HAVE THIS HUGE EMPIRE-- 298 00:14:05,760 --> 00:14:07,320 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTERRITORIALLY IT WAS THE BIGGEST EMPIRE 299 00:14:07,360 --> 00:14:09,400 {\an7}THE WORLD HAD SEEN SINCE ROME-- 300 00:14:09,440 --> 00:14:12,360 {\an7}AND THEN SUDDENLY A WHOLE PART \h\h\hOF IT IS JUST LOPPED OFF. 301 00:14:12,400 --> 00:14:16,240 {\an7}IT’S GONE, IT’S VANISHED, IT’S \hNOT PART OF BRITAIN ANYMORE. 302 00:14:16,280 --> 00:14:17,800 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hRideal: IT WAS A TRAIT OF HIS THAT, 303 00:14:17,840 --> 00:14:20,600 {\an7}\h\hIF HE ALLOWED HIMSELF TO BE UPSET BY SOMETHING, 304 00:14:20,640 --> 00:14:23,280 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHE REALLY WENT INTO A DEEP STATE OF MELANCHOLY, 305 00:14:23,320 --> 00:14:25,880 {\an7}AND THIS WAS THE BIGGEST \h\hSHAKE-UP OF HIS LIFE 306 00:14:25,920 --> 00:14:27,960 {\an7}THAT HE’D HAD TO THAT DATE. 307 00:14:28,000 --> 00:14:30,480 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hRubenhold: HE LOST A TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF LAND, 308 00:14:30,520 --> 00:14:33,680 {\an7}A TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF TERRITORY WHICH BELONGED TO BRITAIN, 309 00:14:33,720 --> 00:14:36,400 {\an7}\h\hAND SO THAT WAS A PERSONAL FAILURE, 310 00:14:36,440 --> 00:14:38,880 {\an7}UM, AND GEORGE SAW IT AS A PERSONAL FAILURE, 311 00:14:38,920 --> 00:14:42,160 {\an7}AND, IN FACT, HE EVEN DRAFTED \h\h\h\hA RESIGNATION LETTER, 312 00:14:42,200 --> 00:14:44,080 {\an7}WHICH HE NEVER SUBMITTED, 313 00:14:44,120 --> 00:14:46,720 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hBUT IT’S UNLIKELY THAT HE EVER FULLY RECOVERED 314 00:14:46,760 --> 00:14:49,720 {\an7}FROM THIS, THIS TERRIBLE LOSS. 315 00:14:53,200 --> 00:14:54,520 {\an7}Borman: DR. PETER GARRARD 316 00:14:54,560 --> 00:14:57,200 {\an7}FROM ST. GEORGE’S UNIVERSITY \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN LONDON 317 00:14:57,240 --> 00:15:00,120 {\an7}HAS STUDIED THE KING’S MADNESS \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN DETAIL 318 00:15:00,160 --> 00:15:03,320 {\an7}\h\h\hAND STRONGLY SUSPECTS THAT THE WIDELY HELD BELIEF 319 00:15:03,360 --> 00:15:07,080 {\an7}THAT HE HAD PORPHYRIA \hIS, IN FACT, WRONG, 320 00:15:07,120 --> 00:15:08,840 {\an7}AND HE SAYS HE KNOWS THAT 321 00:15:08,880 --> 00:15:13,320 {\an7}FROM HIS DETAILED ANALYSIS OF THE KING’S HANDWRITING. 322 00:15:13,360 --> 00:15:15,400 {\an7}\hSO, PETER, WHAT DOES YOUR RESEARCH TELL US 323 00:15:15,440 --> 00:15:17,920 {\an7}ABOUT THE HANDWRITING OF GEORGE? 324 00:15:17,960 --> 00:15:20,640 {\an7}I KNOW YOU’VE LOOKED AT THIS \h\h\h\hIN QUITE SOME DEPTH. 325 00:15:20,680 --> 00:15:21,920 {\an7}\h\h\hPeter Garrard: WE HAVE THIS TIMELINE 326 00:15:21,960 --> 00:15:25,360 {\an7}OF TEXTS AND SCRIPTS \h\h\hOF KING GEORGE, 327 00:15:25,400 --> 00:15:29,120 {\an7}\hWHICH GO THROUGH A PERIOD, SEVERAL DECADES OF HIS LIFE, 328 00:15:29,160 --> 00:15:30,320 {\an7}AND PASS THROUGH PERIODS 329 00:15:30,360 --> 00:15:32,160 {\an7}WHERE HE’S MENTALLY HEALTHY, 330 00:15:32,200 --> 00:15:34,440 {\an7}\hMENTALLY UNWELL, AND WHAT WE FOUND 331 00:15:34,480 --> 00:15:36,080 {\an7}\h\h\hWAS THAT THOSE TWO TYPES OF LANGUAGE 332 00:15:36,120 --> 00:15:39,520 {\an7}THAT HE USED IN HIS LETTERS \hDURING THOSE TWO PERIODS 333 00:15:39,560 --> 00:15:41,240 {\an7}COULD BE TEASED APART. 334 00:15:41,280 --> 00:15:44,440 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHE FEATURES OF THE, THE TWO PERIODS WERE DIFFERENT. 335 00:15:44,480 --> 00:15:47,840 {\an7}\hSO, HERE’S A LETTER THAT KING GEORGE WROTE IN, I THINK, 1786. 336 00:15:47,880 --> 00:15:49,560 {\an7}HERE IT IS, RIGHT AT THE BOTTOM. 337 00:15:49,600 --> 00:15:51,160 {\an7}WE CAN SEE IT’S WRITTEN 338 00:15:51,200 --> 00:15:53,320 {\an7}IN THIS BEAUTIFUL SCRIPT, \hLOVELY STRAIGHT LINES. 339 00:15:53,360 --> 00:15:57,080 {\an7}\h\h\h\hIT’S A LETTER TO ONE OF HIS MEMBERS OF HIS GOVERNMENT. 340 00:15:57,120 --> 00:15:59,640 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h"MY GOOD LORD." VERY POLITELY SIGNED OFF 341 00:15:59,680 --> 00:16:01,680 {\an7}WITH THIS BEAUTIFUL SIGNATURE \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAT THE END, 342 00:16:01,720 --> 00:16:04,200 {\an7}AND THIS IS FROM A VERY HEALTHY, MENTALLY HEALTHY PERIOD 343 00:16:04,240 --> 00:16:06,120 {\an7}OF GEORGE’S LIFE IN 1786. 344 00:16:06,160 --> 00:16:10,040 {\an7}\hSO THAT’S TWO YEARS BEFORE THIS INDEX PERIOD OF MADNESS. 345 00:16:10,080 --> 00:16:12,400 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBorman: AND IT’S BEAUTIFULLY WRITTEN. 346 00:16:12,440 --> 00:16:14,480 {\an7}IT’S VERY NEAT AND ORDERLY. 347 00:16:14,520 --> 00:16:15,880 {\an7}Garrard: YES. 348 00:16:15,920 --> 00:16:18,560 {\an7}Borman: IT’S REFLECTING HIS MIND AT THAT STAGE. 349 00:16:18,600 --> 00:16:20,480 {\an7}McMahon: SO, THERE’S ALWAYS BEEN A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF MYSTERY 350 00:16:20,520 --> 00:16:22,480 {\an7}ABOUT WHAT THE KING WAS SUFFERING FROM. 351 00:16:22,520 --> 00:16:24,040 {\an7}I MEAN, THE EXTERNAL SYMPTOMS 352 00:16:24,080 --> 00:16:26,760 {\an7}WERE TALKING AT A MASSIVE RATE \h\h\h\h\h\h\hFOR HOURS ON END, 353 00:16:26,800 --> 00:16:29,760 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hFOAMING AT THE MOUTH, SAYING THE MOST BIZARRE THINGS. 354 00:16:29,800 --> 00:16:31,760 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hWAS THAT CAUSED BY A DISEASE OF THE BLOOD? 355 00:16:31,800 --> 00:16:33,840 {\an7}\h\h\h\hI MEAN, PEOPLE TALK ABOUT HIS URINE BEING BLUE, 356 00:16:33,880 --> 00:16:35,200 {\an7}AND THAT IT WAS PORPHYRIA. 357 00:16:35,240 --> 00:16:36,840 {\an7}SOME PEOPLE SAY NO, \h\hIT WAS BIPOLAR, 358 00:16:36,880 --> 00:16:39,800 {\an7}AND IT WAS ACTUALLY THE MEDICINE THAT WAS TURNING HIS URINE BLUE. 359 00:16:39,840 --> 00:16:41,960 {\an7}SO THERE’S A BIT OF A MYSTERY \hAS TO WHAT HE ACTUALLY HAD, 360 00:16:42,000 --> 00:16:45,720 {\an7}\hBUT THE END RESULT IS THAT GEORGE III WENT BARKING MAD, 361 00:16:45,760 --> 00:16:48,240 {\an7}WHATEVER THE CAUSE. 362 00:16:48,280 --> 00:16:53,520 {\an7}Garrard: THIS IS A NICE SEQUENCE OF FOUR LETTERS, WRITTEN 1779, 363 00:16:53,560 --> 00:16:55,200 {\an7}AND I THINK PERHAPS \hWE CAN SEE IN THIS 364 00:16:55,240 --> 00:16:57,760 {\an7}THAT IT’S SLIGHTLY LESS PRECISE \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAN BEFORE. 365 00:16:57,800 --> 00:16:59,320 {\an7}THE LINES ARE NICE AND STRAIGHT, 366 00:16:59,360 --> 00:17:01,880 {\an7}\h\h\h\hBUT THERE’S PERHAPS A LITTLE BIT MORE VARIATION 367 00:17:01,920 --> 00:17:03,320 {\an7}IN THE SIZE OF THE LETTERS. 368 00:17:03,360 --> 00:17:04,680 {\an7}Borman: YOU CAN SEE THAT. 369 00:17:04,720 --> 00:17:06,480 {\an7}THERE’S SOMETHING LESS ORDERED \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hABOUT IT. 370 00:17:06,520 --> 00:17:08,920 {\an7}THIS FIRST ONE THERE, \h\h\hIN PARTICULAR. 371 00:17:08,960 --> 00:17:13,080 {\an7}\h\h\hAND THEN WHEN WE LOOK AT THIS ONE DOWN HERE, DATED 1805, 372 00:17:13,120 --> 00:17:15,240 {\an7}THAT’S, THAT IS QUITE DIFFERENT, ISN’T IT? 373 00:17:15,280 --> 00:17:17,640 {\an7}\h\h\hGarrard: YES. WELL, THIS IS PROBABLY ONE OF THE LAST LETTERS 374 00:17:17,680 --> 00:17:21,600 {\an7}\h\h\hTHAT KING GEORGE WROTE IN HIS OWN HAND. 375 00:17:21,640 --> 00:17:23,320 {\an7}IT’S DIFFICULT TO KNOW \hWHETHER TO ATTRIBUTE 376 00:17:23,360 --> 00:17:28,640 {\an7}\hTHE UNTIDINESS OF THIS TO HIS COGNITIVE DECLINE 377 00:17:28,680 --> 00:17:31,120 {\an7}OR TO HIS VISUAL DECLINE, 378 00:17:31,160 --> 00:17:33,840 {\an7}AND I SUSPECT THERE ARE ELEMENTS OF BOTH IN THAT. 379 00:17:33,880 --> 00:17:35,640 {\an7}\h\h\h\hBorman: IT’S ABSOLUTELY FASCINATING, THOUGH, ISN’T IT, 380 00:17:35,680 --> 00:17:40,160 {\an7}\h\hTO SEE THIS WRITTEN RECORD OF GEORGE’S HEALTH IN THIS WAY. 381 00:17:40,200 --> 00:17:41,400 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hRubenhold: THERE ARE A LOT OF THEORIES 382 00:17:41,440 --> 00:17:44,400 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hABOUT GEORGE’S QUOTE-UNQUOTE "MADNESS." 383 00:17:44,440 --> 00:17:45,800 {\an7}\h\h\h\hSOME BELIEVE THAT HE MAY HAVE HAD 384 00:17:45,840 --> 00:17:49,200 {\an7}A KIND OF MANIC DEPRESSIVE \h\h\h\h\hBIPOLAR DISORDER 385 00:17:49,240 --> 00:17:50,560 {\an7}THAT HE WAS SUFFERING FROM, 386 00:17:50,600 --> 00:17:53,480 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBUT HE WAS MOST CERTAINLY SUFFERING 387 00:17:53,520 --> 00:17:57,000 {\an7}\h\h\hFROM SOME SORT OF MENTAL DISABILITY. 388 00:18:04,160 --> 00:18:06,280 {\an7}Borman: THE HOUSE OF HANOVER \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWAS PROBABLY 389 00:18:06,320 --> 00:18:08,920 {\an7}ONE OF THE MOST DYSFUNCTIONAL \h\h\h\h\h\h\hROYAL DYNASTIES 390 00:18:08,960 --> 00:18:10,600 {\an7}IN BRITISH HISTORY. 391 00:18:10,640 --> 00:18:13,760 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTO PUT IT MILDLY, MANY OF THEM NEVER GOT ON, 392 00:18:13,800 --> 00:18:17,120 {\an7}AND KING GEORGE III AND HIS SON, ALSO NAMED GEORGE, 393 00:18:17,160 --> 00:18:19,640 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hCARRIED ON THAT FAMILY TRADITION. 394 00:18:19,680 --> 00:18:22,920 {\an7}WHERE KING GEORGE WAS THRIFTY \h\h\h\h\hAND DOWN-TO-EARTH, 395 00:18:22,960 --> 00:18:26,720 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHIS ELDEST SON WAS SPENDTHRIFT AND DISSOLUTE. 396 00:18:26,760 --> 00:18:29,400 {\an7}\h\h\hTHE KING CERTAINLY WASN’T VERY FOND OF HIM, 397 00:18:29,440 --> 00:18:32,760 {\an7}AND THE FEELING WAS MUTUAL. 398 00:18:32,800 --> 00:18:34,400 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hSelwood: THE GEORGES, THE HANOVERIANS, 399 00:18:34,440 --> 00:18:37,120 {\an7}WERE VERY WELL KNOWN FOR HAVING \h\h\hCOLOSSALLY DYSFUNCTIONAL 400 00:18:37,160 --> 00:18:39,360 {\an7}\h\h\h\hRELATIONSHIPS DOWN THE GENERATIONS 401 00:18:39,400 --> 00:18:41,880 {\an7}AND FOR FATHERS AND SONS \h\h\h\h\hNOT TO GET ON, 402 00:18:41,920 --> 00:18:44,800 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hBUT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GEORGE III AND GEORGE IV 403 00:18:44,840 --> 00:18:47,600 {\an7}\h\h\h\hWAS ONE OF THE MOST SPECTACULARLY DYSFUNCTIONAL 404 00:18:47,640 --> 00:18:50,160 {\an7}AND DIAMETRICALLY OPPOSED. 405 00:18:50,200 --> 00:18:54,640 {\an7}Rubenhold: FOR, AS ABSTEMIOUS \h\h\hAND FRUGAL AND MISERLY 406 00:18:54,680 --> 00:18:56,400 {\an7}AS GEORGE III WAS, 407 00:18:56,440 --> 00:19:01,280 {\an7}GEORGE IV WAS EXTRAVAGANT, LAZY, 408 00:19:01,320 --> 00:19:04,280 {\an7}A WOMANIZER, A GLUTTON, 409 00:19:04,320 --> 00:19:07,280 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hUM, DIDN’T CARE ABOUT BEING A GOOD RULER, 410 00:19:07,320 --> 00:19:11,240 {\an7}WAS IN IT FOR HIMSELF, \h\hHAD NO MORAL FIBER. 411 00:19:11,280 --> 00:19:14,400 {\an7}HE WAS COMPLETELY THE OPPOSITE \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF HIS FATHER. 412 00:19:14,440 --> 00:19:18,080 {\an7}♪ 413 00:19:18,120 --> 00:19:22,560 {\an7}\h\h\h\hBorman: IN 1783, AT THE TENDER AGE OF 21, 414 00:19:22,600 --> 00:19:24,080 {\an7}THE PRINCE HAD FALLEN IN LOVE 415 00:19:24,120 --> 00:19:26,800 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWITH A LADY CALLED MARIA FITZHERBERT. 416 00:19:26,840 --> 00:19:30,240 {\an7}\hIN FACT, HE BECAME INFATUATED WITH HER. 417 00:19:30,280 --> 00:19:33,440 {\an7}IT WAS, AS THEY SAY, NEVER GOING TO WORK. 418 00:19:33,480 --> 00:19:35,760 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMARIA WAS A TWICE WIDOWED COMMONER, 419 00:19:35,800 --> 00:19:40,600 {\an7}\h\h\hSIX YEARS HIS ELDER, AND, WORST OF ALL, A ROMAN CATHOLIC. 420 00:19:40,640 --> 00:19:43,240 {\an7}THE ACT OF SETTLEMENT OF 1701 421 00:19:43,280 --> 00:19:47,200 {\an7}BARRED THE SPOUSE OF A CATHOLIC \hFROM SUCCEEDING TO THE THRONE, 422 00:19:47,240 --> 00:19:50,360 {\an7}\h\hBUT THE PRINCE OBVIOUSLY DIDN’T SEE THIS AS A PROBLEM, 423 00:19:50,400 --> 00:19:55,840 {\an7}BECAUSE HE MARRIED MARIA \h\h\hIN SECRET IN 1785. 424 00:19:55,880 --> 00:19:57,520 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hRideal: ONE THING THAT THE HANOVERIANS LIKED 425 00:19:57,560 --> 00:19:59,800 {\an7}MORE THAN ANYTHING ELSE \hWAS A SECRET MARRIAGE, 426 00:19:59,840 --> 00:20:01,800 {\an7}AND THIS IS WHAT GEORGE IV DID. 427 00:20:01,840 --> 00:20:05,760 {\an7}HE MARRIED WITHOUT PERMISSION, \h\hAND BEFORE HIS FATHER DIED, 428 00:20:05,800 --> 00:20:07,840 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHIS UNCLES HAD DONE THE SAME THING. 429 00:20:07,880 --> 00:20:09,240 {\an7}AND IT WAS FORBIDDEN, 430 00:20:09,280 --> 00:20:10,920 {\an7}BUT HE DID IT ANYWAY, 431 00:20:10,960 --> 00:20:13,080 {\an7}AND THIS KIND OF SET THE TONE \h\hFOR THE REST OF HIS LIFE. 432 00:20:13,120 --> 00:20:16,120 {\an7}\h\h\h\hMcMahon: HIS FATHER HAD HAD TO PAY HIS GAMBLING DEBTS, 433 00:20:16,160 --> 00:20:18,760 {\an7}\hHAD HAD TO PAY OFF WOMEN WHO WERE BLACKMAILING HIM, 434 00:20:18,800 --> 00:20:21,440 {\an7}BECAUSE HE BASICALLY OFFERED \hTHEM HUGE AMOUNTS OF MONEY 435 00:20:21,480 --> 00:20:24,240 {\an7}\hTO GO TO BED WITH HIM AND THEN NOT PAID THEM, 436 00:20:24,280 --> 00:20:25,920 {\an7}AND THEN THERE WAS MARIA FITZHERBERT, 437 00:20:25,960 --> 00:20:28,440 {\an7}\hHIS SECRET WIFE, HIS CATHOLIC WIFE, 438 00:20:28,480 --> 00:20:30,760 {\an7}THAT THE PRINCE REGENT \h\h\h\h\hHAD MARRIED, 439 00:20:30,800 --> 00:20:32,360 {\an7}MUCH TO THE HORROR \h\hOF HIS FATHER, 440 00:20:32,400 --> 00:20:36,600 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hSO HIS FATHER HAD ABSOLUTE CONTEMPT FOR HIS SON. 441 00:20:36,640 --> 00:20:39,720 {\an7}\h\hHIS SON, IN TURN, YOU KNOW, IN THE EARLY PART OF THE REIGN, 442 00:20:39,760 --> 00:20:41,080 {\an7}OBVIOUSLY COULDN’T DO ANYTHING 443 00:20:41,120 --> 00:20:42,840 {\an7}TO GET HIS OWN BACK \h\hON HIS FATHER, 444 00:20:42,880 --> 00:20:45,680 {\an7}BUT ONCE THE MADNESS DESCENDED, \hTHEN THERE WAS THE OPPORTUNITY 445 00:20:45,720 --> 00:20:47,320 {\an7}TO GET HIS OWN BACK \h\hON HIS FATHER. 446 00:20:48,960 --> 00:20:51,600 {\an7}[YELLING] 447 00:20:51,640 --> 00:20:53,680 {\an7}Man: GOOD MORNING. 448 00:20:53,720 --> 00:20:56,360 {\an7}George III: DON’T TOUCH ME! \h\h\h\h\hGET OFF! GET OFF! 449 00:20:56,400 --> 00:20:58,640 {\an7}[YELLING] 450 00:20:58,680 --> 00:21:01,280 {\an7}Borman: SO WITH AN APPARENTLY \h\h\hMAD KING ON THE THRONE 451 00:21:01,320 --> 00:21:04,120 {\an7}AND HIS EXTRAVAGANT SON \hWAITING IN THE WINGS, 452 00:21:04,160 --> 00:21:06,200 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTHE MONARCHY BECAME A RIPE TARGET 453 00:21:06,240 --> 00:21:11,080 {\an7}FOR A NEW STYLE OF CRITICISM, \h\h\hTHE POLITICAL CARTOON. 454 00:21:11,120 --> 00:21:13,560 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE ARTISTS INCLUDED JAMES GILLRAY 455 00:21:13,600 --> 00:21:16,560 {\an7}AND THE MAN DESCRIBED AS THE MODERN HOGARTH, 456 00:21:16,600 --> 00:21:18,200 {\an7}GEORGE CRUIKSHANK. 457 00:21:18,240 --> 00:21:21,880 {\an7}THEY PORTRAYED PRINCE GEORGE \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAS FAT, LAZY, 458 00:21:21,920 --> 00:21:25,920 {\an7}AND AN OLYMPIC-SIZED LOVER \h\h\h\h\hOF THE GOOD LIFE. 459 00:21:25,960 --> 00:21:28,160 {\an7}\h\h\h\hMARTIN ROWSON HAS BEEN A CARTOONIST 460 00:21:28,200 --> 00:21:31,400 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNEWSPAPER FOR OVER 20 YEARS 461 00:21:31,440 --> 00:21:33,880 {\an7}AND IS A GREAT ADMIRER \h\h\h\h\h\hOF GILLRAY. 462 00:21:36,600 --> 00:21:38,120 {\an7}\h\h\hSO, MARTIN, YOU’VE GOT QUITE A WONDERFUL COLLECTION 463 00:21:38,160 --> 00:21:39,440 {\an7}OF CARTOONS HERE. 464 00:21:39,480 --> 00:21:41,160 {\an7}\h\h\hCAN YOU TALK ME THROUGH SOME OF THEM? 465 00:21:41,200 --> 00:21:43,320 {\an7}\h\hMartin Rowson: YEAH, WELL, I’VE GOT THIS PILE OF GILLRAYS 466 00:21:43,360 --> 00:21:44,920 {\an7}ABOUT GEORGE III 467 00:21:44,960 --> 00:21:46,160 {\an7}AND THE PRINCE REGENT, 468 00:21:46,200 --> 00:21:47,200 {\an7}AND THIS IS A GOOD ONE 469 00:21:47,240 --> 00:21:48,240 {\an7}TO START OFF WITH 470 00:21:48,280 --> 00:21:50,560 {\an7}BECAUSE IT SHOWS QUITE HOW FAR 471 00:21:50,600 --> 00:21:52,320 {\an7}THEY WERE PREPARED \h\hTO PUSH THINGS. 472 00:21:52,360 --> 00:21:56,280 {\an7}\h\h\hSO, IT’S A PASTICHE OF FUSELI’S OIL PAINTING 473 00:21:56,320 --> 00:21:58,240 {\an7}THE THREE WITCHES \h\h\h\h\h\hMACBETH, 474 00:21:58,280 --> 00:22:00,640 {\an7}\h\h\h\hBUT IT’S DEALING WITH AN EXTREMELY SENSITIVE TOPIC, 475 00:22:00,680 --> 00:22:02,400 {\an7}WHICH IS THE MADNESS \h\h\hOF KING GEORGE. 476 00:22:02,440 --> 00:22:04,240 {\an7}AND THERE HE IS AS THE MOON. 477 00:22:04,280 --> 00:22:07,600 {\an7}\hHE’S BEEN ECLIPSED, SO HE’S IN DARKNESS BECAUSE HE’S GONE MAD. 478 00:22:07,640 --> 00:22:11,200 {\an7}YOU CAN JUST SEE THIS SORT OF \h\h\hHALF MOON OF THE QUEEN. 479 00:22:11,240 --> 00:22:12,360 {\an7}WILL SHE BE TAKING OVER \h\h\h\h\hTHE REGENCY? 480 00:22:12,400 --> 00:22:14,240 {\an7}AND HERE IS PITT THE YOUNGER 481 00:22:14,280 --> 00:22:15,560 {\an7}AND OTHER MEMBERS OF THE GOVERNMENT, 482 00:22:15,600 --> 00:22:17,120 {\an7}LIKE THE LORD CHANCELLOR \h\h\h\hSORT OF PONDERING 483 00:22:17,160 --> 00:22:20,600 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hOVER THE ECLIPSE OF THE MADNESS OF THE KING, 484 00:22:20,640 --> 00:22:25,360 {\an7}\h\hBUT THAT WAS SMALL BEER COMPARED TO HOW FAR GILLRAY 485 00:22:25,400 --> 00:22:26,800 {\an7}AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES \hWERE PREPARED TO GO. 486 00:22:26,840 --> 00:22:28,160 {\an7}I MEAN, THEY WERE PREPARED TO DO 487 00:22:28,200 --> 00:22:30,480 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hREALLY, REALLY CLOSE TO THE WIRE STUFF. 488 00:22:30,520 --> 00:22:32,800 {\an7}SO HERE IS THE PRINCE REGENT, 489 00:22:32,840 --> 00:22:36,240 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHE PRINCE OF WALES AS A GOAT WITH HIS MISTRESS, 490 00:22:36,280 --> 00:22:39,840 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hLADY JERSEY, THE MOUNTAINS OF WALES 491 00:22:39,880 --> 00:22:43,200 {\an7}\h\h\hAND VARIOUS FIGURES DANCING AROUND THE PLACE. 492 00:22:43,240 --> 00:22:44,160 {\an7}Borman: IT’S QUITE SHOCKING, \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hISN’T IT? 493 00:22:44,200 --> 00:22:45,480 {\an7}IT’S CLOSER TO THE BONE 494 00:22:45,520 --> 00:22:47,160 {\an7}THAN WE WOULD EVER DARE GO \h\h\h\h\hWITH OUR ROYALS. 495 00:22:47,200 --> 00:22:49,560 {\an7}Rowson: IT’S ABOUT AS CLOSE \hTO THE BONE AS YOU CAN GET 496 00:22:49,600 --> 00:22:53,040 {\an7}BECAUSE THIS ONE, FOR EXAMPLE, 497 00:22:53,080 --> 00:22:55,320 {\an7}YOU HAVE THE REIGNING MONARCH, \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hGEORGE III, 498 00:22:55,360 --> 00:22:56,760 {\an7}\h\h\hWHO IS BEING TOLD ABOUT THE ASSASSINATION 499 00:22:56,800 --> 00:22:59,080 {\an7}OF THE KING OF SWEDEN \hBY PITT THE YOUNGER, 500 00:22:59,120 --> 00:23:00,640 {\an7}AND HE IS SITTING AT STOOL. 501 00:23:00,680 --> 00:23:02,240 {\an7}Borman: HE IS! HE’S-- 502 00:23:02,280 --> 00:23:04,280 {\an7}Rowson: AND, AND THERE’S NO \hPARTICULARLY GOOD REASON 503 00:23:04,320 --> 00:23:06,520 {\an7}WHY HE SHOULD BE DEPICTED \h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THIS WAY 504 00:23:06,560 --> 00:23:08,240 {\an7}EXCEPT, OF COURSE, IT’S FUNNY. 505 00:23:08,280 --> 00:23:11,040 {\an7}IT’S A GAG. IT’S A JOKE. 506 00:23:11,080 --> 00:23:13,360 {\an7}McMahon: THE TYPE OF SATIRE \h\hTHAT GILLRAY ENGAGED IN 507 00:23:13,400 --> 00:23:16,880 {\an7}WOULD HAVE BEEN REGARDED BY US \hTODAY AS INCREDIBLY VICIOUS. 508 00:23:16,920 --> 00:23:19,480 {\an7}HE MOCKED GEORGE III’S \h\h\h\h\h\hFRUGALITY. 509 00:23:19,520 --> 00:23:20,720 {\an7}YOU KNOW, HE HAD HIM EATING 510 00:23:20,760 --> 00:23:22,600 {\an7}OFF THREADBARE TABLES. 511 00:23:22,640 --> 00:23:23,920 {\an7}HE MOCKED THE FACT 512 00:23:23,960 --> 00:23:25,680 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHAT GEORGE III WASN’T INTO COURTLY LIFE, 513 00:23:25,720 --> 00:23:28,200 {\an7}AND THAT HE WAS INTO GOING \hAND TENDING HIS TURNIPS, 514 00:23:28,240 --> 00:23:31,400 {\an7}AND HE’S MOCKED AS FARMER GEORGE IN HIS OWN LIFETIME. 515 00:23:31,440 --> 00:23:32,600 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hYOU KNOW, THINGS THAT PARTICULARLY 516 00:23:32,640 --> 00:23:34,120 {\an7}WEREN’T BAD ABOUT A MONARCH, 517 00:23:34,160 --> 00:23:36,080 {\an7}BUT THEN SEEMED TO BE REGARDED \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAS HILARIOUS. 518 00:23:38,160 --> 00:23:40,680 {\an7}Rowson: THERE’S THIS WONDERFUL \h\hCOUPLE OF COMPANION PIECES 519 00:23:40,720 --> 00:23:43,800 {\an7}BY GILLRAY, PRODUCED IN 1792, 520 00:23:43,840 --> 00:23:45,920 {\an7}AND IT’S COMPARING GEORGE III 521 00:23:45,960 --> 00:23:47,560 {\an7}WITH HIS SON. 522 00:23:47,600 --> 00:23:51,160 {\an7}AND ON THE ONE HAND, YOU HAVE GEORGE III, 523 00:23:51,200 --> 00:23:53,120 {\an7}TEMPERANCE ENJOYING \h\h\hA FRUGAL MEAL, 524 00:23:53,160 --> 00:23:54,600 {\an7}AND HE’S SO FRUGAL, 525 00:23:54,640 --> 00:23:57,040 {\an7}HE’S NOT GOING TO WEAR OUT \h\h\h\h\hHIS ROYAL CHAIRS. 526 00:23:57,080 --> 00:23:59,080 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHERE IS THE TRIUMPH OF BENEVOLENCE, 527 00:23:59,120 --> 00:24:00,640 {\an7}WHICH IS AN EMPTY FRAME, 528 00:24:00,680 --> 00:24:02,480 {\an7}BECAUSE HE’S SO TIGHT \h\h\h\h\hWITH MONEY. 529 00:24:02,520 --> 00:24:05,560 {\an7}\h\hTHERE IS THE QUEEN EATING RAW VEGETABLES, 530 00:24:05,600 --> 00:24:09,040 {\an7}AND HE’S EATING AN EGG \h\h\hOFF GOLD CUTLERY. 531 00:24:09,080 --> 00:24:12,440 {\an7}BUT IT’S THIS IDEA OF FRUGALITY \h\h\h\hAND ACTUALLY MEANNESS. 532 00:24:14,280 --> 00:24:19,200 {\an7}\h\h\hAND YOU COMPARE THAT WITH THE IMAGE OF HIS SON, 533 00:24:19,240 --> 00:24:24,040 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHE PRINCE OF WALES, WHO’S THIS BLOATED, FAT GLUTTON 534 00:24:24,080 --> 00:24:25,960 {\an7}WHO’S JUST CRAMMED \h\h\hFULL OF FOOD, 535 00:24:26,000 --> 00:24:27,480 {\an7}THE BONES OF HIS BREAKFAST \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hLEFT THERE 536 00:24:27,520 --> 00:24:29,560 {\an7}LOOKING LIKE THE REMNANTS \h\hOF A CANNIBAL FEAST. 537 00:24:29,600 --> 00:24:32,440 {\an7}\h\h\hIN THE BACKGROUND, THERE’S THIS KIND OF PYRAMID OF POTIONS, 538 00:24:32,480 --> 00:24:34,400 {\an7}WHICH ARE ALL THERE \hTO TREAT SYPHILIS. 539 00:24:34,440 --> 00:24:38,480 {\an7}HE’S JUST A DISGUSTING, DIRTY, \h\h\h\h\hFAT, POX-RIDDEN PIG. 540 00:24:38,520 --> 00:24:41,560 {\an7}AND JUST TO GILD THE LILY, \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAS IT WERE, 541 00:24:41,600 --> 00:24:45,680 {\an7}\h\h\h\hBEHIND HIM YOU CAN SEE THIS OVER-BRIMMING CHAMBER POT, 542 00:24:45,720 --> 00:24:50,040 {\an7}\h\hFILLED WITH THE CONSEQUENCES OF EATING AND DRINKING TOO MUCH. 543 00:24:50,080 --> 00:24:52,240 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hGreen: GILLRAY DIDN’T HOLD HIS PUNCHES. 544 00:24:52,280 --> 00:24:55,800 {\an7}HE PORTRAYED HIM AS THIS KIND OF GLUTTONOUS MOUNTAIN OF FLABBER 545 00:24:55,840 --> 00:24:57,160 {\an7}THAT WOULD JUST KIND OF EAT 546 00:24:57,200 --> 00:24:59,560 {\an7}ANYTHING THAT CAME ANYWHERE NEAR HIM, 547 00:24:59,600 --> 00:25:03,240 {\an7}AND SO THE SORT OF UNDERLYING \hMESSAGE WAS THAT, YOU KNOW, 548 00:25:03,280 --> 00:25:06,200 {\an7}HE WAS QUITE A SORT OF CORRUPT \h\h\h\h\h\hAND DECADENT KING. 549 00:25:06,240 --> 00:25:07,520 {\an7}SO IT WASN’T JUST ABOUT EATING, 550 00:25:07,560 --> 00:25:08,720 {\an7}\h\h\h\hIT WAS ABOUT HIS KIND OF ATTITUDE 551 00:25:08,760 --> 00:25:10,720 {\an7}TOWARDS GOVERNMENT AS WELL. 552 00:25:10,760 --> 00:25:12,360 {\an7}SO, FOR GILLRAY, 553 00:25:12,400 --> 00:25:15,480 {\an7}GEORGE III AND HIS SON, \h\h\h\h\h\hGEORGE IV, 554 00:25:15,520 --> 00:25:17,320 {\an7}WERE SORT OF BRILLIANT FODDER. 555 00:25:20,440 --> 00:25:23,240 {\an7}Man: AS LONG AS YOU CAUSE \h\h\hDISCORD AND CHAOS, 556 00:25:23,280 --> 00:25:25,360 {\an7}YOU WILL BE RESTRAINED, SIR! 557 00:25:25,400 --> 00:25:26,320 {\an7}George III: I... 558 00:25:26,360 --> 00:25:27,320 {\an7}Man: PUT HIS HEAD... 559 00:25:27,360 --> 00:25:29,360 {\an7}George III: ...AM THE KING! 560 00:25:29,400 --> 00:25:30,800 {\an7}STOP THAT! 561 00:25:30,840 --> 00:25:33,080 {\an7}Borman: WITH THE KING’S HEALTH \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN DECLINE 562 00:25:33,120 --> 00:25:35,760 {\an7}AND THE COURT PHYSICIANS \h\h\h\hCLEARLY BAFFLED, 563 00:25:35,800 --> 00:25:38,960 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHE QUEEN BROUGHT IN A NEW DOCTOR TO TREAT THE KING. 564 00:25:39,000 --> 00:25:41,760 {\an7}HIS NAME WAS FRANCIS WILLIS. 565 00:25:41,800 --> 00:25:45,120 {\an7}\h\hWILLIS STILL EMPLOYED THE ACCEPTED METHODS OF THE TIME, 566 00:25:45,160 --> 00:25:47,280 {\an7}\h\hWHICH INCLUDED PHYSICAL RESTRAINT 567 00:25:47,320 --> 00:25:49,400 {\an7}AND BLISTERING OF THE SKIN, 568 00:25:49,440 --> 00:25:52,840 {\an7}AND THE KING WASN’T SPARED. 569 00:25:52,880 --> 00:25:55,440 {\an7}Selwood: DR. WILLIS HAD TRAINED \h\h\h\h\h\hFIRST AS A PRIEST, 570 00:25:55,480 --> 00:25:58,400 {\an7}\h\hAND THEN IN LATER LIFE HAD RETRAINED AS A DOCTOR, 571 00:25:58,440 --> 00:26:00,440 {\an7}AND HE’D HAD A HUGE AMOUNT \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF SUCCESS 572 00:26:00,480 --> 00:26:03,640 {\an7}\h\hTREATING WEALTHY AND NOBLE PEOPLE FOR, FOR MENTAL ISSUES, 573 00:26:03,680 --> 00:26:05,080 {\an7}\h\h\h\hWHICH WASN’T A BRANCH OF MEDICINE 574 00:26:05,120 --> 00:26:07,280 {\an7}THAT WAS PARTICULARLY FOCUSED ON AT THE TIME, 575 00:26:07,320 --> 00:26:08,680 {\an7}SO HE WAS CALLED IN 576 00:26:08,720 --> 00:26:10,880 {\an7}WHEN ALL OTHER AVENUES \h\hFAILED WITH GEORGE, 577 00:26:10,920 --> 00:26:13,720 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND HIS TECHNIQUES WERE TO, TO CALM GEORGE DOWN, 578 00:26:13,760 --> 00:26:15,400 {\an7}\h\h\hTO TAKE HIM BACK TO THE NURSERY ALMOST, 579 00:26:15,440 --> 00:26:17,280 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAS IT WERE, AND TREAT HIM LIKE A CHILD. 580 00:26:17,320 --> 00:26:19,760 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hRubenhold: HOWEVER, HE WAS NOT AVERSE 581 00:26:19,800 --> 00:26:22,040 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO USING MORE TRADITIONAL METHODS, 582 00:26:22,080 --> 00:26:25,920 {\an7}SO METHODS OF RESTRAINT \h\h\h\h\hAND COERCION, 583 00:26:25,960 --> 00:26:29,840 {\an7}WHICH WOULD HAVE BEEN DEEPLY \h\hHUMILIATING FOR THE KING, 584 00:26:29,880 --> 00:26:33,360 {\an7}THE KING WHO DIDN’T HAVE \h\hTO RESPOND TO ANYBODY 585 00:26:33,400 --> 00:26:35,000 {\an7}IF HE DIDN’T WANT TO. 586 00:26:38,480 --> 00:26:40,360 {\an7}Borman: BY THE YEAR 1810, 587 00:26:40,400 --> 00:26:42,920 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE KING’S MENTAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH 588 00:26:42,960 --> 00:26:44,560 {\an7}HAD BROKEN DOWN TO THE POINT 589 00:26:44,600 --> 00:26:47,880 {\an7}WHERE EVEN HE ACCEPTED HE COULDN’T CARRY ON, 590 00:26:47,920 --> 00:26:51,080 {\an7}\h\h\h\hAND SO PARLIAMENT, WITHOUT THE KING’S CONSENT, 591 00:26:51,120 --> 00:26:53,400 {\an7}HANDED POWER TO THE KING’S SON, 592 00:26:53,440 --> 00:26:57,160 {\an7}WHO BECAME THE PRINCE REGENT \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN 1811. 593 00:26:57,200 --> 00:27:00,720 {\an7}HE NOW HAD THE CONTROL AND POWER THAT HE DESIRED 594 00:27:00,760 --> 00:27:04,200 {\an7}\h\hAND LEFT HIS MAD FATHER TO SEE OUT HIS FINAL YEARS 595 00:27:04,240 --> 00:27:07,640 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hLOCKED AWAY AND OUT OF THE PUBLIC EYE. 596 00:27:07,680 --> 00:27:10,440 {\an7}I’VE COME TO KENSINGTON PALACE \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN LONDON 597 00:27:10,480 --> 00:27:13,800 {\an7}\hTO MEET ISABELLA CORACA, WHO HAS ARRANGED TO SHOW ME 598 00:27:13,840 --> 00:27:18,160 {\an7}THE WAISTCOAT GEORGE III WORE \h\h\hDURING HIS FINAL DAYS. 599 00:27:18,200 --> 00:27:19,320 {\an7}OKAY. 600 00:27:21,520 --> 00:27:23,480 {\an7}OH, LOOK AT THAT! 601 00:27:23,520 --> 00:27:24,440 {\an7}Isabella Coraca: YES. 602 00:27:24,480 --> 00:27:27,080 {\an7}Borman: THAT’S ASTONISHING! 603 00:27:27,120 --> 00:27:31,560 {\an7}\h\h\h\hCoraca: UM, SO, THIS IS GEORGE III’S SLEEVED WAISTCOAT. 604 00:27:31,600 --> 00:27:33,120 {\an7}Borman: WOW! 605 00:27:33,160 --> 00:27:35,280 {\an7}Coraca: WE ACTUALLY THINK \h\h\hTHIS IS FROM 1820, 606 00:27:35,320 --> 00:27:38,480 {\an7}THE YEAR THAT HE PASSED, \h\h\hAND IT REALLY SHOWS 607 00:27:38,520 --> 00:27:41,200 {\an7}THE CONDITION OF HIS HEALTH \h\h\h\h\h\hAT THAT POINT. 608 00:27:41,240 --> 00:27:43,640 {\an7}Borman: AND WHAT CLUES \h\h\hDOES THIS GIVE US 609 00:27:43,680 --> 00:27:46,280 {\an7}OF GEORGE’S SO-CALLED MADNESS? 610 00:27:46,320 --> 00:27:48,840 {\an7}\h\hCoraca: WELL, ACTUALLY IT GIVES US A LOT OF CLUES. 611 00:27:48,880 --> 00:27:53,560 {\an7}\hSO, THE FIRST ONE, THE ENLARGED SLEEVES. 612 00:27:53,600 --> 00:27:56,560 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hSO, YOU HAVE, WE HAVE A LITTLE PANEL, 613 00:27:56,600 --> 00:27:58,440 {\an7}ADDING A LITTLE BIT MORE \h\h\h\hTO THE SHOULDER, 614 00:27:58,480 --> 00:27:59,760 {\an7}AND THAT WOULD HAVE HELPED 615 00:27:59,800 --> 00:28:01,280 {\an7}HIS SERVANTS DRESS HIM. 616 00:28:01,320 --> 00:28:02,320 {\an7}IT WOULD HAVE GIVEN A LITTLE BIT 617 00:28:02,360 --> 00:28:04,960 {\an7}MORE GIVE TO THE CLOTHES, 618 00:28:05,000 --> 00:28:07,080 {\an7}BECAUSE, AT THIS POINT, 619 00:28:07,120 --> 00:28:10,360 {\an7}IT’S NOT ONLY HE WAS, \hAS THEY CALLED, MAD, 620 00:28:10,400 --> 00:28:13,960 {\an7}BUT HIS HEARING, HIS SIGHT, \h\h\hTHEY WERE ALL GOING, 621 00:28:14,000 --> 00:28:18,400 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hSO HE WAS IN A VERY MUCH VULNERABLE STATE. 622 00:28:18,440 --> 00:28:20,640 {\an7}\hGreen: HE SORT OF BECAME SOMETHING OF A VEGETABLE. 623 00:28:20,680 --> 00:28:21,840 {\an7}HE RETREATED INTO HIMSELF. 624 00:28:21,880 --> 00:28:23,800 {\an7}HE LOST TOUCH WITH REALITY, 625 00:28:23,840 --> 00:28:26,080 {\an7}AND HE STARTED BABBLING \h\h\hFOR HOURS ON END. 626 00:28:26,120 --> 00:28:28,680 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hSO, ON ONE OCCASION, HE BABBLED FOR OVER 50 HOURS-- 627 00:28:28,720 --> 00:28:29,960 {\an7}BABBLE, BABBLE, BABBLE. 628 00:28:30,000 --> 00:28:31,760 {\an7}HIS HAIR WAS GROWN LONG, 629 00:28:31,800 --> 00:28:33,320 {\an7}\h\h\h\hSO HE LOOKED LIKE A SORT OF MERLIN FIGURE, 630 00:28:33,360 --> 00:28:35,240 {\an7}AND HE WOULD FOAM AT THE MOUTH. 631 00:28:35,280 --> 00:28:38,040 {\an7}YOU KNOW, WITH ALL THE KIND \hOF SPECTACLE OF MONARCHY, 632 00:28:38,080 --> 00:28:41,120 {\an7}THIS IS THE VERY LAST THING THAT YOU WANTED TO HAPPEN TO A RULER, 633 00:28:41,160 --> 00:28:44,800 {\an7}SO HE HAD TO BE KEPT AWAY. 634 00:28:44,840 --> 00:28:46,320 {\an7}Borman: AND WHAT ABOUT \h\hTHESE STAINS HERE? 635 00:28:46,360 --> 00:28:49,040 {\an7}IS THAT JUST AGING, \h\hOR WHAT IS IT? 636 00:28:49,080 --> 00:28:50,240 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hCoraca: WELL, THEY ARE DEFINITELY 637 00:28:50,280 --> 00:28:53,600 {\an7}FOOD AND DRINK STAINS, 638 00:28:53,640 --> 00:28:54,760 {\an7}FROM WHICH POINT 639 00:28:54,800 --> 00:28:56,960 {\an7}THE FOOD HAD COME OUT, 640 00:28:57,000 --> 00:28:58,320 {\an7}IT’S NOT REALLY CERTAIN. 641 00:28:58,360 --> 00:28:59,320 {\an7}HE COULD HAVE BEEN 642 00:28:59,360 --> 00:29:01,040 {\an7}JUST DROPPING, 643 00:29:01,080 --> 00:29:03,120 {\an7}OR IT COULD HAVE BEEN DRIBBLE. 644 00:29:03,160 --> 00:29:04,520 {\an7}\h\h\h\hIT COULD POSSIBLY HAVE BEEN VOMIT AS WELL. 645 00:29:04,560 --> 00:29:05,840 {\an7}Borman: GOSH! 646 00:29:05,880 --> 00:29:07,560 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hCoraca: YES, IT’S REALLY HARD TO TELL, 647 00:29:07,600 --> 00:29:10,960 {\an7}BUT IT DOES SHOW THAT HE WAS HAVING DIFFICULTIES EATING. 648 00:29:11,000 --> 00:29:14,120 {\an7}\h\hBUT YOU CAN DEFINITELY SEE, LIKE, THROUGHOUT THE WAISTCOAT, 649 00:29:14,160 --> 00:29:17,280 {\an7}THIS ALL SHOWS HOW, \h\h\hHOW DIFFICULT 650 00:29:17,320 --> 00:29:20,160 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTHOSE, THOSE ACTIVITIES THAT TODAY WE THINK, YOU KNOW, 651 00:29:20,200 --> 00:29:21,320 {\an7}THEY ARE JUST COMMON. 652 00:29:21,360 --> 00:29:22,800 {\an7}Borman: YES. 653 00:29:22,840 --> 00:29:24,160 {\an7}\h\hCoraca: BUT FOR HIM, IT WAS ACTUALLY SOMETHING 654 00:29:24,200 --> 00:29:25,400 {\an7}REALLY, REALLY HARD \h\hTO GO THROUGH. 655 00:29:25,440 --> 00:29:26,760 {\an7}Borman: VERY DIFFICULT. 656 00:29:26,800 --> 00:29:29,720 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWELL, IT IS JUST AN EXTRAORDINARILY POIGNANT 657 00:29:29,760 --> 00:29:32,440 {\an7}REMINDER OF GEORGE III, 658 00:29:32,480 --> 00:29:35,560 {\an7}NOT JUST IN HIS MADNESS \h\hBUT IN HIS FRAILTY, 659 00:29:35,600 --> 00:29:36,880 {\an7}SO THANK YOU FOR SHOWING ME. 660 00:29:36,920 --> 00:29:38,800 {\an7}Coraca: OH, IT’S MY PLEASURE. 661 00:29:38,840 --> 00:29:42,080 {\an7}Rubenhold: AT THE TIME \h\h\h\hWHEN HIS FATHER 662 00:29:42,120 --> 00:29:45,840 {\an7}WAS IN THE GRIP OF HIS MADNESS, 663 00:29:45,880 --> 00:29:49,400 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTHE PRINCE REGENT WAS ALL TOO HAPPY TO SEE 664 00:29:49,440 --> 00:29:53,800 {\an7}HIS FATHER’S MENTAL STATE \h\h\h\h\h\h\hDEGENERATE 665 00:29:53,840 --> 00:29:56,080 {\an7}TO MAKE HIM UNFIT TO RULE 666 00:29:56,120 --> 00:30:00,880 {\an7}BECAUSE HE WAS READY TO STEP IN \h\h\h\h\hAND TAKE THE THRONE. 667 00:30:04,080 --> 00:30:09,600 {\an7}Borman: KING GEORGE III FINALLY \h\h\hDIED ON JANUARY 29, 1820, 668 00:30:09,640 --> 00:30:12,120 {\an7}\hAND THE PRINCE REGENT SUCCEEDED TO THE THRONE 669 00:30:12,160 --> 00:30:14,400 {\an7}AS GEORGE IV. 670 00:30:14,440 --> 00:30:18,440 {\an7}HIS CORONATION TOOK PLACE ON THE 19th OF JULY THE FOLLOWING YEAR, 671 00:30:18,480 --> 00:30:21,600 {\an7}BUT HE WAS NOT PARTICULARLY \h\h\hLIKED BY THE PUBLIC. 672 00:30:21,640 --> 00:30:25,760 {\an7}\h\h\h\hHE WAS OBESE, LAZY, AND QUITE POSSIBLY ADDICTED 673 00:30:25,800 --> 00:30:28,840 {\an7}TO THE OPIUM-BASED DRUG \h\h\h\h\h\h\hLAUDANUM. 674 00:30:28,880 --> 00:30:32,160 {\an7}HOWEVER, IT WASN’T ALL BAD \h\h\h\h\h\hFOR GEORGE IV. 675 00:30:32,200 --> 00:30:35,200 {\an7}HE HAD A PARTICULAR INTEREST \h\h\h\h\h\hIN ARCHITECTURE, 676 00:30:35,240 --> 00:30:37,880 {\an7}\h\h\h\hAND, WITH THE HELP OF THE ARCHITECT JOHN NASH, 677 00:30:37,920 --> 00:30:40,440 {\an7}BEGAN A SUBSTANTIAL \hBUILDING PROGRAM, 678 00:30:40,480 --> 00:30:43,120 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hSHAPING LONDON AND THE ROYAL RESIDENCES 679 00:30:43,160 --> 00:30:46,680 {\an7}THE WAY HE WANTED THEM. 680 00:30:46,720 --> 00:30:48,760 {\an7}IN 1825, 681 00:30:48,800 --> 00:30:50,680 {\an7}GEORGE INSTRUCTED NASH 682 00:30:50,720 --> 00:30:52,440 {\an7}TO BEGIN A REMODELING 683 00:30:52,480 --> 00:30:53,760 {\an7}OF BUCKINGHAM HOUSE, 684 00:30:53,800 --> 00:30:55,360 {\an7}MODIFICATIONS THAT WOULD TURN IT 685 00:30:55,400 --> 00:30:57,200 {\an7}INTO THE BUCKINGHAM PALACE 686 00:30:57,240 --> 00:30:58,680 {\an7}WE KNOW TODAY. 687 00:31:00,560 --> 00:31:03,480 {\an7}Green: HIS ARCHITECTURAL LEGACY \h\h\h\hIS STILL ALL AROUND US 688 00:31:03,520 --> 00:31:05,440 {\an7}IN LONDON TODAY. 689 00:31:05,480 --> 00:31:07,360 {\an7}IF YOU THINK OF PLACES \h\hLIKE REGENT STREET, 690 00:31:07,400 --> 00:31:09,120 {\an7}IT’S ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS \hSTREETS IN ALL OF LONDON, 691 00:31:09,160 --> 00:31:11,040 {\an7}THAT WAS HIS DOING WITH NASH. 692 00:31:11,080 --> 00:31:13,880 {\an7}THERE’S REGENT’S PARK AS WELL, \h\h\hTHERE’S CARLTON TERRACE, 693 00:31:13,920 --> 00:31:15,600 {\an7}AND, MOST IMPORTANTLY PERHAPS, 694 00:31:15,640 --> 00:31:18,440 {\an7}\hSOMEWHERE THAT’S SO ICONIC OF LONDON, BUCKINGHAM PALACE, 695 00:31:18,480 --> 00:31:20,520 {\an7}\h\hAND WE HAVE HIM TO THANK FOR THAT. 696 00:31:20,560 --> 00:31:25,240 {\an7}\hRubenhold: GEORGE DID NOT SET OUT TO DO SOMETHING TREMENDOUS. 697 00:31:25,280 --> 00:31:28,760 {\an7}HE WANTED TO BASICALLY RESTYLE AND REFASHION 698 00:31:28,800 --> 00:31:30,520 {\an7}THE HOUSES THAT HE LIVED IN. 699 00:31:30,560 --> 00:31:35,400 {\an7}HE WANTED TO CREATE SOMETHING \h\hARCHITECTURALLY FABULOUS, 700 00:31:35,440 --> 00:31:37,080 {\an7}AND, AS A RESULT, 701 00:31:37,120 --> 00:31:40,200 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHE ENDED UP KIND OF RESHAPING THE LANDSCAPE 702 00:31:40,240 --> 00:31:42,720 {\an7}\hOF WHAT WE THINK OF AS, AS MODERN LONDON. 703 00:31:42,760 --> 00:31:45,720 {\an7}SO HIS RELATIONSHIP \h\hWITH JOHN NASH 704 00:31:45,760 --> 00:31:48,040 {\an7}WAS REALLY QUITE EXTRAORDINARY. 705 00:31:53,640 --> 00:31:56,680 {\an7}\h\h\hBorman: ANOTHER FRUIT OF HIS PARTNERSHIP WITH JOHN NASH 706 00:31:56,720 --> 00:31:59,400 {\an7}WAS THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE MARINE PAVILION 707 00:31:59,440 --> 00:32:03,480 {\an7}INTO THIS SPECTACULAR \h\h\hROYAL PAVILION. 708 00:32:03,520 --> 00:32:06,480 {\an7}\h\h\h\hAND WHAT DID GEORGE DO WITH THIS INCREDIBLE BUILDING? 709 00:32:06,520 --> 00:32:10,840 {\an7}\h\h\h\hWELL, HE THREW HUGE, LAVISH PARTIES AND BANQUETS, 710 00:32:10,880 --> 00:32:15,760 {\an7}\h\h\h\hAND HIS APPETITE WAS THE STUFF OF LEGEND. 711 00:32:15,800 --> 00:32:18,520 {\an7}Rideal: IF YOU DIDN’T KNOW \hANYTHING ABOUT GEORGE IV 712 00:32:18,560 --> 00:32:20,440 {\an7}\h\h\h\hAND YOU WENT TO BRIGHTON PAVILION, 713 00:32:20,480 --> 00:32:22,720 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hYOU WOULD REALIZE THAT SOMETHING VERY DIFFERENT 714 00:32:22,760 --> 00:32:24,320 {\an7}IS GOING ON HERE. 715 00:32:24,360 --> 00:32:28,880 {\an7}\h\h\hIT’S A REALLY GAUDY, EXTRAVAGANT DEMONSTRATION, 716 00:32:28,920 --> 00:32:32,840 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hI SUPPOSE, OF GEORGE IV’S PERSONALITY. 717 00:32:32,880 --> 00:32:34,200 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMcMahon: THE PRINCE REGENT THOUGHT 718 00:32:34,240 --> 00:32:36,600 {\an7}HE HAD ABSOLUTELY IMPECCABLE TASTE. 719 00:32:36,640 --> 00:32:39,080 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hHE THOUGHT HE WAS A CONNOISSEUR OF THE ARTS, 720 00:32:39,120 --> 00:32:40,720 {\an7}AND THEN HE BUILT BRIGHTON PAVILION. 721 00:32:40,760 --> 00:32:43,480 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHERE IT WAS, YOU KNOW, THESE DOMES, THESE ORNATE DOMES, 722 00:32:43,520 --> 00:32:47,200 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHIS CHINOISERIE, THE KIND OF INDIAN MOTIFS. 723 00:32:47,240 --> 00:32:50,280 {\an7}I MEAN, IT WAS THE HEIGHT \h\h\h\h\h\hOF VULGARITY. 724 00:32:50,320 --> 00:32:53,440 {\an7}\hRubenhold: THIS IS A PLACE WHERE LAVISH PARTIES WERE HAD 725 00:32:53,480 --> 00:32:57,200 {\an7}\h\h\hAND GAMBLING WOULD HAPPEN, SOMETIMES ALL THROUGH THE NIGHT, 726 00:32:57,240 --> 00:33:00,840 {\an7}AND IT WAS JUST A KIND OF SCENE \h\h\h\hOF COMPLETE DISSOLUTION 727 00:33:00,880 --> 00:33:03,800 {\an7}AND, AND, AND TOTAL DEBAUCHERY 728 00:33:03,840 --> 00:33:10,520 {\an7}AND JUST FULL OF SOCIETY’S RICH, DISSOLUTE REPROBATES. 729 00:33:12,320 --> 00:33:15,480 {\an7}\h\h\hGeorge IV: IT’S WONDERFUL HAVING YOU ALL HERE IN MY HOME, 730 00:33:15,520 --> 00:33:19,120 {\an7}AND I’M SURE THAT I’M GOING TO \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHAVE YOU ALL... 731 00:33:19,160 --> 00:33:22,440 {\an7}[CHEERING] 732 00:33:22,480 --> 00:33:25,320 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hBorman: GEORGE IV’S LOVE OF PARTIES AND BANQUETS 733 00:33:25,360 --> 00:33:27,120 {\an7}DIDN’T GO UNNOTICED, 734 00:33:27,160 --> 00:33:32,680 {\an7}AND HIS GARGANTUAN APPETITE \h\h\h\h\h\hWAS LEGENDARY. 735 00:33:32,720 --> 00:33:36,240 {\an7}IVAN DAY IS A FOOD HISTORIAN \h\hWHO HAS AGREED TO SHOW ME 736 00:33:36,280 --> 00:33:38,600 {\an7}JUST HOW MUCH THE PRINCE REGENT 737 00:33:38,640 --> 00:33:42,440 {\an7}ATE AT ONE INFAMOUS MEAL, \h\h\h\h\h\hAT BREAKFAST. 738 00:33:42,480 --> 00:33:44,440 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWE KNOW THIS BECAUSE IT WAS RECORDED 739 00:33:44,480 --> 00:33:47,600 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBY NONE OTHER THAN THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. 740 00:33:47,640 --> 00:33:50,360 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hIT SEEMS THAT, FOR ALL HE’D SEEN AND DONE, 741 00:33:50,400 --> 00:33:54,480 {\an7}THE IRON DUKE STILL THOUGHT THE KING’S GARGANTUAN MEALS 742 00:33:54,520 --> 00:33:57,280 {\an7}WERE WORTH NOTING DOWN. 743 00:34:00,120 --> 00:34:01,320 {\an7}Ivan Day: RATHER THAN PREPARING 744 00:34:01,360 --> 00:34:04,040 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hONE OF HIS BIG SET PIECE GRAND DINNERS, 745 00:34:04,080 --> 00:34:07,280 {\an7}I THOUGHT THE BEST WAY \hTO ILLUSTRATE TO YOU 746 00:34:07,320 --> 00:34:10,400 {\an7}THE SCALE OF HIS EATING HABITS, 747 00:34:10,440 --> 00:34:14,840 {\an7}\h\hTHAT WE’D JUST HAVE A GEORGE IV BREAKFAST. 748 00:34:14,880 --> 00:34:17,440 {\an7}SO, JUST BEFORE HE DIED, \h\h\h\hABOUT TWO MONTHS, 749 00:34:17,480 --> 00:34:20,640 {\an7}\h\hHE WAS SERVED A BREAKFAST WHERE THIS WAS THE MAIN DISH. 750 00:34:20,680 --> 00:34:26,160 {\an7}\h\h\h\hBorman: WOW! THAT IS MAGNIFICENT! 751 00:34:26,200 --> 00:34:27,840 {\an7}Day: PIES WERE TREATED \h\h\h\h\hAT THE TABLE 752 00:34:27,880 --> 00:34:30,760 {\an7}IN A VERY, VERY DIFFERENT WAY \h\hTO HOW THEY’RE EATEN NOW. 753 00:34:30,800 --> 00:34:33,440 {\an7}SO, FOR INSTANCE, WHAT THEY DID WAS, 754 00:34:33,480 --> 00:34:37,160 {\an7}THEY WOULD ACTUALLY \hCUT THE LID OFF. 755 00:34:37,200 --> 00:34:39,040 {\an7}\h\hTHIS WAS CALLED BORDERING THE PIE. 756 00:34:39,080 --> 00:34:41,520 {\an7}ONCE THAT’S BORDERED, \hWITH A BIT OF LUCK, 757 00:34:41,560 --> 00:34:43,360 {\an7}I’VE GOT TO TEASE IT OPEN \h\h\h\hLIKE THAT, OKAY? 758 00:34:43,400 --> 00:34:45,160 {\an7}\h\hBorman: OH, LOOK AT THAT, IT’S COMING OFF BEAUTIFULLY. 759 00:34:45,200 --> 00:34:47,600 {\an7}Day: AND I’M, SOMEHOW OR OTHER, \h\hGOING TO PUT IT OVER THERE 760 00:34:47,640 --> 00:34:49,160 {\an7}OUT OF THE WAY. 761 00:34:49,200 --> 00:34:51,680 {\an7}\h\h\hBorman: WOW, THAT IS A LOT OF MEAT IN THAT PIE! 762 00:34:51,720 --> 00:34:53,880 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hDay: YEAH, BUT WE’RE TOLD IN THE RECIPE 763 00:34:53,920 --> 00:35:00,120 {\an7}THAT WE ACTUALLY HAVE TO PUT \h\hA GARNITURE OF EGG YOLK. 764 00:35:00,160 --> 00:35:03,400 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hBorman: THIS IS A VERY SUBSTANTIAL BREAKFAST, ISN’T IT? 765 00:35:03,440 --> 00:35:04,880 {\an7}EGGS, BACON. 766 00:35:04,920 --> 00:35:07,360 {\an7}IT’S SORT OF A DECONSTRUCTED 767 00:35:07,400 --> 00:35:09,240 {\an7}GREAT BRITISH FRY-UP IN A PIE, \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hISN’T IT? 768 00:35:09,280 --> 00:35:11,280 {\an7}[LAUGHTER] 769 00:35:11,320 --> 00:35:14,360 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hGreen: GEORGE IV WAS A PROFESSIONAL GLUTTON. 770 00:35:14,400 --> 00:35:15,920 {\an7}HE ATE FOR ENGLAND, 771 00:35:15,960 --> 00:35:18,720 {\an7}THE MAN HAD A GARGANTUAN, \h\hINSATIABLE APPETITE, 772 00:35:18,760 --> 00:35:20,280 {\an7}AND SOME OF THE BANQUETS 773 00:35:20,320 --> 00:35:22,600 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAT HE HAD AT THE ROYAL PAVILION IN BRIGHTON 774 00:35:22,640 --> 00:35:24,360 {\an7}WERE MESMERIZING. 775 00:35:24,400 --> 00:35:26,560 {\an7}\h\hHE USED TO ACTUALLY IMPORT CELEBRITY CHEFS 776 00:35:26,600 --> 00:35:28,640 {\an7}FROM ALL OVER EUROPE, \hLIKE ANTOINE CAREME, 777 00:35:28,680 --> 00:35:30,600 {\an7}TO COOK THESE ENORMOUS JELLIES 778 00:35:30,640 --> 00:35:33,040 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHAT WERE SHAPED LIKE EGYPTIAN TEMPLES AND PYRAMIDS, 779 00:35:33,080 --> 00:35:34,680 {\an7}AND HE WOULD GUZZLE THEM, 780 00:35:34,720 --> 00:35:37,680 {\an7}\h\h\h\hAND THERE WOULD BE, LIKE, SO MANY DIFFERENT TYPES OF FOOD. 781 00:35:37,720 --> 00:35:39,320 {\an7}THEY WOULD ALL BE LAID OUT \h\h\h\h\hIN FRONT OF HIM, 782 00:35:39,360 --> 00:35:42,120 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND HE WOULD JUST POUR THE WHOLE THING DOWN HIS GULLET. 783 00:35:42,160 --> 00:35:43,640 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIT WAS QUITE A DISGUSTING SPECTACLE. 784 00:35:43,680 --> 00:35:48,840 {\an7}HE BECAME ABSOLUTELY IMMENSE \h\h\h\h\hIN HIS LATER YEARS. 785 00:35:48,880 --> 00:35:50,480 {\an7}Day: THE DUKE TELLS US THAT 786 00:35:50,520 --> 00:35:55,120 {\an7}HE HAD TWO PIGEONS ON HIS PLATE \h\h\h\h\h\hAND TWO BEEFSTEAKS. 787 00:35:55,160 --> 00:35:56,600 {\an7}\h\h\h\hBorman: AND THIS WAS A TYPICAL BREAKFAST, 788 00:35:56,640 --> 00:35:58,480 {\an7}OR WAS HE GOING TO TOWN \h\h\hON THIS OCCASION? 789 00:35:58,520 --> 00:36:02,360 {\an7}Day: WELL, IN HIS POSITION, IT WAS A TYPICAL BREAKFAST. 790 00:36:02,400 --> 00:36:03,600 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBorman: I JUST FIND IT EXTRAORDINARY 791 00:36:03,640 --> 00:36:07,480 {\an7}\h\h\hTHAT ALL THIS IS BREAKFAST, OKAY. 792 00:36:07,520 --> 00:36:09,520 {\an7}\h\hSO YOU CAN IMAGINE GEORGE HERE SALIVATING, 793 00:36:09,560 --> 00:36:12,200 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hREADY FOR THE PIECE DE RESISTANCE. 794 00:36:12,240 --> 00:36:13,320 {\an7}Day: I MEAN, THERE ARE, \h\h\h\h\hTHERE ARE... 795 00:36:13,360 --> 00:36:14,600 {\an7}Borman: WOW. 796 00:36:14,640 --> 00:36:15,960 {\an7}Day: THERE ARE NO HORNS \h\h\h\h\hON THAT PIE, 797 00:36:16,000 --> 00:36:17,560 {\an7}BUT THIS IS THE OTHER SIDE \h\h\h\h\hOF DESPERATE DAN, 798 00:36:17,600 --> 00:36:19,200 {\an7}ISN’T IT, REALLY? 799 00:36:19,240 --> 00:36:22,840 {\an7}Borman: THAT IS HUGE, ISN’T IT? \h\h\hAND HE ATE TWO OF THOSE. 800 00:36:22,880 --> 00:36:24,120 {\an7}Day: TWO, YES! 801 00:36:24,160 --> 00:36:25,120 {\an7}[LAUGHTER] 802 00:36:25,160 --> 00:36:26,520 {\an7}Borman: TWO PIGEONS. 803 00:36:26,560 --> 00:36:29,040 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAT’S JUST A GARGANTUAN QUANTITY OF MEAT 804 00:36:29,080 --> 00:36:32,680 {\an7}FOR ANY TIME OF THE DAY, \h\h\h\h\hBUT BREAKFAST? 805 00:36:32,720 --> 00:36:34,120 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMcMahon: BY THE END OF HIS REIGN, 806 00:36:34,160 --> 00:36:35,960 {\an7}I MEAN, THIS GUY IS ENORMOUS, 807 00:36:36,000 --> 00:36:38,960 {\an7}AND THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON \h\h\h\h\hTURNS UP TO HAVE 808 00:36:39,000 --> 00:36:41,600 {\an7}ONE OF THE LAST RECORDED MEALS \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWITH THE KING, 809 00:36:41,640 --> 00:36:44,320 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWITH GEORGE IV, AND IN FRONT OF THE KING 810 00:36:44,360 --> 00:36:48,440 {\an7}\h\hIS THIS HUMONGOUS PIE WITH BEEFSTEAKS, WITH PIGEONS IN IT. 811 00:36:48,480 --> 00:36:49,720 {\an7}NEXT TO IT’S A BOTTLE 812 00:36:49,760 --> 00:36:52,040 {\an7}OF MOSELLE, CHAMPAGNE, \h\h\h\h\hBRANDY, PORT. 813 00:36:52,080 --> 00:36:53,320 {\an7}THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON THINKS, 814 00:36:53,360 --> 00:36:54,880 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h"WELL, WHO ELSE IS COMING TO BREAKFAST?" 815 00:36:54,920 --> 00:36:57,320 {\an7}\h\h\hBUT IT’S JUST GEORGE, AND HE BASICALLY DEMOLISHES 816 00:36:57,360 --> 00:37:00,800 {\an7}THIS WHOLE ITEM ALL ON HIS OWN \h\h\h\hINTO HIS BIG FAT TUMMY. 817 00:37:06,720 --> 00:37:09,440 {\an7}Borman: HERE, AT THE FAMOUS \h\h\h\hBERRY BROS. & RUDD 818 00:37:09,480 --> 00:37:11,040 {\an7}IN CENTRAL LONDON, 819 00:37:11,080 --> 00:37:14,240 {\an7}THERE IS A LONG-STANDING \h\h\h\hROYAL CONNECTION. 820 00:37:14,280 --> 00:37:17,800 {\an7}THE COMPANY STILL HOLDS THE SEAL WHICH ALLOWS IT TO DELIVER 821 00:37:17,840 --> 00:37:22,160 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hBY ROYAL APPOINTMENT TO THE MODERN ROYAL HOUSEHOLD. 822 00:37:22,200 --> 00:37:26,520 {\an7}\h\h\hTODAY THEY STILL DISPLAY AN EXTRAORDINARY SET OF SCALES 823 00:37:26,560 --> 00:37:30,360 {\an7}\hON WHICH WERE RECORDED KING GEORGE IV’S WEIGHT. 824 00:37:30,400 --> 00:37:33,640 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTHE FACTS AND FIGURES MIGHT EVEN HAVE BEEN RECORDED 825 00:37:33,680 --> 00:37:35,440 {\an7}IN HIS OWN HAND. 826 00:37:37,920 --> 00:37:42,400 {\an7}\h\h\hSO, SIMON, WHAT ON EARTH IS THIS INCREDIBLE CONTRAPTION? 827 00:37:42,440 --> 00:37:44,440 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hSimon Berry: THIS IS A SET OF SCALES, 828 00:37:44,480 --> 00:37:46,080 {\an7}ORIGINALLY PUT IN HERE 829 00:37:46,120 --> 00:37:49,320 {\an7}IN 1698, 830 00:37:49,360 --> 00:37:51,360 {\an7}IN ORDER TO WEIGH 831 00:37:51,400 --> 00:37:54,440 {\an7}THE BAGS OF TEA AND COFFEE 832 00:37:54,480 --> 00:37:56,480 {\an7}WHICH THIS SHOP ORIGINALLY SOLD. 833 00:37:56,520 --> 00:37:59,560 {\an7}AS SORT OF AN EARLY MARKETING EXERCISE, 834 00:37:59,600 --> 00:38:03,080 {\an7}\h\h\h\hONE OF MY ANCESTORS DECIDED TO PUT A SEAT ON IT 835 00:38:03,120 --> 00:38:04,840 {\an7}AND BEGIN TO WEIGH CUSTOMERS. 836 00:38:04,880 --> 00:38:07,240 {\an7}SO WHY DON’T WE GET YOU \h\hTO SIT DOWN AND... 837 00:38:07,280 --> 00:38:08,360 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBorman: GOODNESS, THE MOMENT OF TRUTH. 838 00:38:08,400 --> 00:38:09,360 {\an7}Berry: BE CAREFUL. 839 00:38:09,400 --> 00:38:10,320 {\an7}Borman: BE CAREFUL. 840 00:38:10,360 --> 00:38:11,320 {\an7}Berry: HERE WE GO. 841 00:38:11,360 --> 00:38:12,320 {\an7}Borman: OKAY, SO FAR, SO GOOD. 842 00:38:12,360 --> 00:38:13,920 {\an7}Berry: OKAY? 843 00:38:13,960 --> 00:38:15,960 {\an7}\h\h\hBorman: SO, I’M SITTING WHERE THE GEORGIAN CUSTOMERS 844 00:38:16,000 --> 00:38:17,400 {\an7}WOULD HAVE SAT 300 YEARS AGO. 845 00:38:17,440 --> 00:38:19,960 {\an7}\hBerry: YES, YOU ARE, ON THE VERY SAME SEAT. 846 00:38:20,000 --> 00:38:22,440 {\an7}\hBorman: SO, OF COURSE, THE MOST FAMOUS CUSTOMER 847 00:38:22,480 --> 00:38:24,320 {\an7}WAS THE PRINCE REGENT. 848 00:38:24,360 --> 00:38:27,520 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hBerry: YES, HE WAS A VERY FAMOUS CUSTOMER HERE, 849 00:38:27,560 --> 00:38:30,920 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAND WE HAVE PRETTY STRONG EVIDENCE 850 00:38:30,960 --> 00:38:33,800 {\an7}THAT HE WAS WEIGHED HERE. 851 00:38:33,840 --> 00:38:36,160 {\an7}HE WAS VERY SENSITIVE \h\hABOUT HIS WEIGHT. 852 00:38:36,200 --> 00:38:37,360 {\an7}Borman: AND, OF COURSE, \h\h\hIT WAS LAMPOONED 853 00:38:37,400 --> 00:38:38,840 {\an7}IN ALL THE CARTOONS \h\h\h\hOF THE DAY. 854 00:38:38,880 --> 00:38:40,440 {\an7}Berry: OF COURSE, OF COURSE, 855 00:38:40,480 --> 00:38:41,960 {\an7}\h\h\hSO HE WOULD HAVE BEEN VERY SENSITIVE ABOUT THIS. 856 00:38:42,000 --> 00:38:44,920 {\an7}\h\h\hSO IT WOULD MAKE SENSE IF HE WAS BEING WEIGHED HERE 857 00:38:44,960 --> 00:38:48,280 {\an7}\hTO BE AS SECRETIVE AS HE POSSIBLY COULD. 858 00:38:48,320 --> 00:38:50,480 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hGreen: GEORGE IV USED TO GO IN THERE 859 00:38:50,520 --> 00:38:52,160 {\an7}BEFORE AND AFTER HE’D HAD LUNCH. 860 00:38:52,200 --> 00:38:53,640 {\an7}HE WOULD BE WEIGHED, 861 00:38:53,680 --> 00:38:55,520 {\an7}AND HIS WEIGHT WOULD BE RECORDED IN A LEDGER BOOK. 862 00:38:55,560 --> 00:38:59,200 {\an7}\hHE WANTED TO GAUGE THE IMPACT OF HIS LUNCH AND OF HIS DINNER, 863 00:38:59,240 --> 00:39:01,080 {\an7}AND HE ATE FOR ENGLAND, 864 00:39:01,120 --> 00:39:03,560 {\an7}SO THERE WAS QUITE A PROFOUND DIFFERENCE IN THESE INSTANCES, 865 00:39:03,600 --> 00:39:04,880 {\an7}AND, TO THIS DAY, 866 00:39:04,920 --> 00:39:06,480 {\an7}\h\h\h\hYOU CAN GO IN AND SEE THOSE WEIGHTS 867 00:39:06,520 --> 00:39:08,240 {\an7}RECORDED IN THIS LEDGER BOOK. 868 00:39:10,720 --> 00:39:13,200 {\an7}[DOOR CREAKING] 869 00:39:13,240 --> 00:39:14,720 {\an7}Geordie Willis: SO, HERE IT IS. 870 00:39:14,760 --> 00:39:16,800 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBorman: THIS IS THE FAMOUS LEDGER. 871 00:39:16,840 --> 00:39:20,320 {\an7}I CAN’T WAIT TO SEE. 872 00:39:20,360 --> 00:39:22,760 {\an7}\hWillis: SO, THESE ARE THE TWO PAGES THAT ARE CONSIDERED TO BE 873 00:39:22,800 --> 00:39:24,840 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHE WEIGHTS OF THE PRINCE REGENT. 874 00:39:24,880 --> 00:39:26,040 {\an7}Borman: AND WHAT GIVES YOU 875 00:39:26,080 --> 00:39:28,360 {\an7}THE CLUES THAT THEY ARE HIS? 876 00:39:28,400 --> 00:39:30,840 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWillis: WELL, THERE ARE TWO MAIN POINTS. 877 00:39:30,880 --> 00:39:33,280 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hONE IS THAT IT’S IN A COMPLETELY DIFFERENT HAND 878 00:39:33,320 --> 00:39:36,160 {\an7}FROM THE REST OF THE BOOK, \h\h\h\h\hWHICH IS STRANGE. 879 00:39:36,200 --> 00:39:38,120 {\an7}\hTHE OTHER POINT, WHICH SOUNDS ODD, 880 00:39:38,160 --> 00:39:39,840 {\an7}\h\hIS THAT THERE ISN’T A NAME ATTACHED TO IT. 881 00:39:39,880 --> 00:39:42,760 {\an7}ALL THE OTHER ENTRIES ARE CITED TO SOMEONE. 882 00:39:42,800 --> 00:39:45,920 {\an7}Borman: AND CAN YOU TELL ME \h\h\h\h\h\hWHAT THIS SAYS 883 00:39:45,960 --> 00:39:48,240 {\an7}\h\hABOUT THE PRINCE REGENT, THESE DIFFERENT MEASUREMENTS? 884 00:39:48,280 --> 00:39:49,800 {\an7}WAS HE IN GOOD SHAPE? 885 00:39:49,840 --> 00:39:51,600 {\an7}Willis: HE CERTAINLY WASN’T \h\h\h\h\h\hIN GOOD SHAPE. 886 00:39:51,640 --> 00:39:53,280 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hWE CAN SEE THAT HE WAS FLUCTUATING 887 00:39:53,320 --> 00:39:56,160 {\an7}AROUND ABOUT 16 OR 17 STONE. 888 00:39:56,200 --> 00:39:58,240 {\an7}Borman: SO HE WASN’T A TALL MAN, EITHER, WAS HE? 889 00:39:58,280 --> 00:40:01,080 {\an7}SO THAT’S QUITE A WEIGHT. 890 00:40:01,120 --> 00:40:03,680 {\an7}\hAND CAN YOU JUST TELL ME ABOUT SOME OF THE COMMENTS 891 00:40:03,720 --> 00:40:05,280 {\an7}IN THE MARGIN HERE? 892 00:40:05,320 --> 00:40:07,720 {\an7}Willis: WELL, OFTEN WE’RE SAYING WHAT HE WAS WEARING, 893 00:40:07,760 --> 00:40:11,080 {\an7}NOT THE DETAIL OF THE FASHION, \hBUT SHOES, BOOTS, AND SO ON. 894 00:40:11,120 --> 00:40:12,600 {\an7}Borman: BECAUSE THAT HAS \hA BEARING, THEN, ON... 895 00:40:12,640 --> 00:40:14,320 {\an7}Willis: THAT HAS A BEARING \h\h\h\h\h\hOF THE WEIGHT, 896 00:40:14,360 --> 00:40:15,840 {\an7}AND THAT MIGHT BE A LITTLE BIT \h\h\hOF VANITY COMING THROUGH. 897 00:40:15,880 --> 00:40:17,360 {\an7}\h\h\h\hIF YOU’RE, IF YOU’RE A LITTLE BIT OVER THE SCALES, 898 00:40:17,400 --> 00:40:19,040 {\an7}YOU WANT TO BE ASSURING PEOPLE 899 00:40:19,080 --> 00:40:21,040 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHAT YOU’VE GOT A HEAVY PAIR OF BOOTS ON. 900 00:40:21,080 --> 00:40:22,560 {\an7}WHAT’S ALSO IMPORTANT, 901 00:40:22,600 --> 00:40:24,200 {\an7}\hAND WE KNOW HIS HEALTH WASN’T GREAT AT THE TIME, 902 00:40:24,240 --> 00:40:26,240 {\an7}IS THAT WE MENTION GOUT \h\hQUITE A FEW TIMES. 903 00:40:26,280 --> 00:40:27,560 {\an7}Borman: AH! 904 00:40:27,600 --> 00:40:29,400 {\an7}Willis: SHOES, GOUT, GOUT, \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAFTER GOUT. 905 00:40:29,440 --> 00:40:30,800 {\an7}WE KNOW HE WASN’T WELL, 906 00:40:30,840 --> 00:40:33,040 {\an7}AND THAT COULD HAVE BEEN A REFERENCE TO HIS SIZE 907 00:40:33,080 --> 00:40:34,960 {\an7}BUT ALSO WHY HE WAS THAT SIZE. 908 00:40:35,000 --> 00:40:37,640 {\an7}Borman: THAT’S ANOTHER FAIRLY CONVINCING PIECE OF EVIDENCE, 909 00:40:37,680 --> 00:40:40,760 {\an7}\hISN’T IT, THAT THIS ACTUALLY IS THE PRINCE REGENT’S RECORD? 910 00:40:40,800 --> 00:40:42,880 {\an7}Willis: I THINK THAT’S PROBABLY \h\h\h\h\h\hPRETTY TRUE, YEAH. 911 00:40:46,560 --> 00:40:48,320 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBorman: TOWARDS THE END OF HIS LIFE, 912 00:40:48,360 --> 00:40:51,200 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hGEORGE WAS IN TERRIBLE PHYSICAL CONDITION, 913 00:40:51,240 --> 00:40:55,880 {\an7}\h\h\hA BLOATED 280 POUNDS, PLAGUED BY DROPSY AND GOUT, 914 00:40:55,920 --> 00:41:00,720 {\an7}\hAND, JUST LIKE HIS FATHER, ALMOST BLINDED BY CATARACTS. 915 00:41:00,760 --> 00:41:05,320 {\an7}\h\h\h\hHE CLUNG ON DOGGEDLY UNTIL THE 26th OF JUNE, 1830, 916 00:41:05,360 --> 00:41:08,640 {\an7}\hWHEN, NOW BEDRIDDEN, HE SUDDENLY EXCLAIMED, 917 00:41:08,680 --> 00:41:12,640 {\an7}"GOOD GOD, WHAT IS THIS? \h\h\h\h\hTHIS IS DEATH!" 918 00:41:12,680 --> 00:41:14,760 {\an7}AND TOOK HIS LAST BREATH. 919 00:41:14,800 --> 00:41:18,160 {\an7}\h\hHE WAS 67 YEARS OLD, AND HE WENT TO HIS GRAVE 920 00:41:18,200 --> 00:41:21,640 {\an7}UNMOURNED AND UNLOVED \h\h\hBY HIS PEOPLE. 921 00:41:23,800 --> 00:41:25,480 {\an7}McMahon: RIGHT AT THE END \h\h\h\h\h\hOF HIS LIFE, 922 00:41:25,520 --> 00:41:28,920 {\an7}I MEAN, GEORGE COULDN’T HAVE CUT A MORE DREADFUL FIGURE. 923 00:41:28,960 --> 00:41:33,160 {\an7}\h\h\hI MEAN, HE IS BLOATED IN HIS ABDOMEN, HIS CHEST. 924 00:41:33,200 --> 00:41:36,800 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE ACCOUNTS SAY THAT HIS FACE WAS EMACIATED, 925 00:41:36,840 --> 00:41:39,080 {\an7}UH, AND HE’S BLEEDING, 926 00:41:39,120 --> 00:41:41,880 {\an7}AND HE’S UNABLE TO CONTROL \h\h\hHIS BOWEL MOVEMENTS. 927 00:41:41,920 --> 00:41:46,920 {\an7}\h\hIT’S A PRETTY IGNOMINIOUS AND, FRANKLY, UNMOURNED END. 928 00:41:46,960 --> 00:41:48,680 {\an7}Selwood: I DON’T THINK ANYONE, \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHEN OR NOW, 929 00:41:48,720 --> 00:41:50,280 {\an7}MISSES GEORGE IV, 930 00:41:50,320 --> 00:41:52,480 {\an7}BUT HE HAS INDELIBLY MARKED 931 00:41:52,520 --> 00:41:54,600 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE COUNTRY AND A NUMBER OF CITIES 932 00:41:54,640 --> 00:41:57,440 {\an7}WITH HIS ARCHITECTURAL AND ARTISTIC VISIONS. 933 00:41:57,480 --> 00:41:58,760 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hRubenhold: I THINK YOU REALLY HAVE TO 934 00:41:58,800 --> 00:42:01,360 {\an7}TAKE YOUR HAT OFF TO GEORGE 935 00:42:01,400 --> 00:42:06,080 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hBECAUSE THIS IS, IS NOT A MINOR ACHIEVEMENT, 936 00:42:06,120 --> 00:42:08,280 {\an7}AND THIS IS SOMETHING THAT’S WITH US TODAY, 937 00:42:08,320 --> 00:42:10,360 {\an7}SOMETHING THAT LONDONERS \h\h\h\h\h\h\hAPPRECIATE. 938 00:42:10,400 --> 00:42:12,840 {\an7}IT’S A PART OF THE FABRIC \h\h\h\hOF OUR LANDSCAPE. 939 00:42:12,880 --> 00:42:16,160 {\an7}THIS IS SOMETHING THAT PEOPLE \h\hCOME TO LONDON TO ADMIRE. 940 00:42:16,200 --> 00:42:20,640 {\an7}♪ 941 00:42:20,680 --> 00:42:24,080 {\an7}Borman: AND THAT ENDED \h\h\hTHE GEORGIAN ERA. 942 00:42:24,120 --> 00:42:28,640 {\an7}GEORGE III AND IV MAY ONLY \h\h\hBE ONE DIGIT REMOVED, 943 00:42:28,680 --> 00:42:31,800 {\an7}BUT THEY COULD HARDLY HAVE BEEN \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMORE DIFFERENT. 944 00:42:31,840 --> 00:42:36,080 {\an7}GEORGE III WAS A PIOUS, \h\hDEVOTED FAMILY MAN 945 00:42:36,120 --> 00:42:38,760 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAND SOMEONE OF QUITE SIMPLE TASTES, 946 00:42:38,800 --> 00:42:42,440 {\an7}\h\hIF WE EXCLUDE THE ODD EXTRAVAGANT BATHING TRIP. 947 00:42:42,480 --> 00:42:47,200 {\an7}AS FOR HIS SON, GEORGE IV, WELL, IT’S SOMETIMES SAID 948 00:42:47,240 --> 00:42:50,240 {\an7}THAT THE BRITISH MONARCHY’S \h\h\hGREATEST ACHIEVEMENT 949 00:42:50,280 --> 00:42:54,040 {\an7}\h\hWAS TO SURVIVE DESPITE GEORGE IV. 950 00:42:54,080 --> 00:42:57,160 {\an7}AND YES, IT IS RATHER TEMPTING \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO THINK OF HIM 951 00:42:57,200 --> 00:43:00,800 {\an7}\hAS JUST A DEBAUCHED, DECADENT, SELFISH KING 952 00:43:00,840 --> 00:43:04,240 {\an7}WHO DIED THE VICTIM OF HIS OWN EXCESSES, 953 00:43:04,280 --> 00:43:07,800 {\an7}BUT, AT THE SAME TIME, \h\h\hHE SHAPED SO MUCH 954 00:43:07,840 --> 00:43:10,960 {\an7}\hOF WHAT THE PUBLIC FACE OF THE MONARCHY IS TODAY. 955 00:43:11,000 --> 00:43:15,400 {\an7}HIS REDESIGNS OF BUCKINGHAM \hPALACE AND WINDSOR CASTLE 956 00:43:15,440 --> 00:43:19,160 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND HIS DELIGHT IN THE SHEER BLING OF ROYALTY, 957 00:43:19,200 --> 00:43:20,360 {\an7}RATHER THAN DESTROYING 958 00:43:20,400 --> 00:43:21,640 {\an7}THE MONARCHY, 959 00:43:21,680 --> 00:43:23,040 {\an7}SET THE STAGE 960 00:43:23,080 --> 00:43:24,880 {\an7}FOR THE PAGEANTRY AND SPLENDOR 961 00:43:24,920 --> 00:43:27,560 {\an7}THAT ARE THEIR HALLMARK TODAY.