1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:05,467 2 00:00:05,467 --> 00:00:07,455 [MUSIC PLAYING] 3 00:00:07,455 --> 00:00:21,868 4 00:00:21,868 --> 00:00:24,353 [NON-ENGLISH SINGING] 5 00:00:24,353 --> 00:00:44,015 6 00:00:44,015 --> 00:00:46,640 >> One of the mysteries of the New World, 7 00:00:46,640 --> 00:00:49,940 beyond the debated origins of the Native Americans, 8 00:00:49,940 --> 00:00:52,790 is the length of their inhabitation on this land 9 00:00:52,790 --> 00:00:55,610 and their use of psychoactive plants. 10 00:00:55,610 --> 00:00:57,320 How did these indigenous discover 11 00:00:57,320 --> 00:01:00,800 the psychedelic effects of many of the New World's plants, 12 00:01:00,800 --> 00:01:03,290 and how were they used for ceremony? 13 00:01:03,290 --> 00:01:05,150 We must look back into history through 14 00:01:05,150 --> 00:01:07,370 archaeological discoveries and listen 15 00:01:07,370 --> 00:01:09,110 to the stories of the natives. 16 00:01:09,110 --> 00:01:12,040 And with any luck, we might be able to construct 17 00:01:12,040 --> 00:01:14,360 a glimpse of what the psychedelic cacti known 18 00:01:14,360 --> 00:01:19,190 as Peyote and Huachuma meant to them and how they were used. 19 00:01:19,190 --> 00:01:21,620 When a Franciscan friar and ethnographer 20 00:01:21,620 --> 00:01:26,240 named Fray Bernardino De Sahagun studied the Shisha Mecca nomads 21 00:01:26,240 --> 00:01:29,510 and Toltec culture, he found that a specific cactus 22 00:01:29,510 --> 00:01:36,540 was venerated through rituals from almost 2,500 years ago. 23 00:01:36,540 --> 00:01:40,880 Then, in the late 1800s, the Danish explorer Carl Sofus 24 00:01:40,880 --> 00:01:45,350 Lumholtz discovered carvings in lava rocks from Mesoamerica 25 00:01:45,350 --> 00:01:48,800 with the symbol of the Tarahumara Peyote ceremonies, 26 00:01:48,800 --> 00:01:52,280 putting the origin considerably farther back in history. 27 00:01:52,280 --> 00:01:55,580 Excavators in the 1930s discovered the Shumla Cave 28 00:01:55,580 --> 00:01:58,550 near the Lower Pecos region of southwest Texas 29 00:01:58,550 --> 00:02:01,520 in which processed Peyote slabs were found. 30 00:02:01,520 --> 00:02:03,590 The radiocarbon dating puts the origin 31 00:02:03,590 --> 00:02:06,770 of these items at roughly 4,000 BC. 32 00:02:06,770 --> 00:02:08,870 And throughout the region, depictions of what 33 00:02:08,870 --> 00:02:12,080 is known as the White Shaman appear, as well as depictions 34 00:02:12,080 --> 00:02:15,620 of early European explorers. 35 00:02:15,620 --> 00:02:18,710 Though many interpretations of the origin of Peyote use 36 00:02:18,710 --> 00:02:22,100 abound through several regions, the true origin-- 37 00:02:22,100 --> 00:02:26,730 like that of most psychedelics-- are lost to history. 38 00:02:26,730 --> 00:02:29,070 Peyote Roadman Chris Long has been 39 00:02:29,070 --> 00:02:31,890 working with this medicine and the Native American church 40 00:02:31,890 --> 00:02:35,406 for years and recounts the most common origin myth. 41 00:02:35,406 --> 00:02:38,240 >> It's said, amongst many different tribes, 42 00:02:38,240 --> 00:02:42,740 there is a story of the pregnant woman who's lost. 43 00:02:42,740 --> 00:02:45,940 And she's been lost in the desert for about four days, 44 00:02:45,940 --> 00:02:48,330 and so she hasn't had food or water. 45 00:02:48,330 --> 00:02:51,600 She hears this singing, these voices singing, 46 00:02:51,600 --> 00:02:54,450 telling her that she is surrounded by water. 47 00:02:54,450 --> 00:02:58,050 And that, if she would only eat this medicine, that she could 48 00:02:58,050 --> 00:03:02,610 find her people, and that she could deliver the child 49 00:03:02,610 --> 00:03:05,970 and be able to breastfeed. 50 00:03:05,970 --> 00:03:08,370 She's dried out, she has no milk, 51 00:03:08,370 --> 00:03:11,730 and she's about to give birth. 52 00:03:11,730 --> 00:03:16,950 And so they tell her that she can have an easy birth, 53 00:03:16,950 --> 00:03:19,800 and that her milk will flow. 54 00:03:19,800 --> 00:03:22,040 So she asks, "Where are you?" 55 00:03:22,040 --> 00:03:25,100 And they said, "We're this plant at your feet." 56 00:03:25,100 --> 00:03:29,365 And so she bites it off the ground, like the deer. 57 00:03:29,365 --> 00:03:33,120 And so she had learned those original songs 58 00:03:33,120 --> 00:03:36,940 during that experience. 59 00:03:36,940 --> 00:03:39,480 >> An origin myth claiming that the plants express 60 00:03:39,480 --> 00:03:42,600 their intentions and power to the first humans through sacred 61 00:03:42,600 --> 00:03:45,420 songs is not an isolated phenomenon. 62 00:03:45,420 --> 00:03:47,760 In the Amazon jungle of South America, 63 00:03:47,760 --> 00:03:50,160 many indigenous, such as the Shipibo, 64 00:03:50,160 --> 00:03:53,040 claimed that they discovered the powerful visionary properties 65 00:03:53,040 --> 00:03:56,730 of the ayahuasca vine, chacruna leaves, and other teacher 66 00:03:56,730 --> 00:03:59,520 plants that sang themselves to the original shamans 67 00:03:59,520 --> 00:04:01,440 many thousands of years ago. 68 00:04:01,440 --> 00:04:04,260 The songs were only to be heard by those pure enough 69 00:04:04,260 --> 00:04:05,400 to hear their language. 70 00:04:05,400 --> 00:04:07,328 [WHISTLING] 71 00:04:07,328 --> 00:04:09,260 72 00:04:09,260 --> 00:04:12,120 As if Gaia-- or the intelligence of the planet-- 73 00:04:12,120 --> 00:04:15,060 bestows messages and teachings only to those 74 00:04:15,060 --> 00:04:18,000 worthy of such power by singing to their higher 75 00:04:18,000 --> 00:04:21,089 faculties of perception. 76 00:04:21,089 --> 00:04:24,830 Meanwhile, hundreds of miles west in the vicinity of Chavin 77 00:04:24,830 --> 00:04:28,230 de Huántar, Peru, the oldest archaeological evidence 78 00:04:28,230 --> 00:04:32,580 of psychedelic plant use was a carving of a Huachumero holding 79 00:04:32,580 --> 00:04:34,410 the Huachuma cactus. 80 00:04:34,410 --> 00:04:36,960 Huachuma is a psychedelic cactus containing 81 00:04:36,960 --> 00:04:40,200 the phenethylamine alkaloid called mescaline, 82 00:04:40,200 --> 00:04:42,930 the same psychedelic compound found in Peyote. 83 00:04:42,930 --> 00:04:45,660 However, each of them have several species 84 00:04:45,660 --> 00:04:49,350 from different locations with different sub-alkaloids 85 00:04:49,350 --> 00:04:51,750 which create a wide spectrum of psychoactive 86 00:04:51,750 --> 00:04:54,270 complements to the effects of mescaline. 87 00:04:54,270 --> 00:04:57,540 These psychoactive differences create the plant's signature 88 00:04:57,540 --> 00:04:59,190 entourage effect. 89 00:04:59,190 --> 00:05:03,000 Different soil content, watered and fed throughout its lifetime 90 00:05:03,000 --> 00:05:06,930 in varying amounts, and the parental history of the cacti 91 00:05:06,930 --> 00:05:09,510 will produce different percentages of alkaloids, 92 00:05:09,510 --> 00:05:12,210 and therefore, a different entourage effect, 93 00:05:12,210 --> 00:05:16,640 making every plant unique in effect and story. 94 00:05:16,640 --> 00:05:19,700 Some are even believed to have MAO inhibitors, which 95 00:05:19,700 --> 00:05:22,010 would keep the enzyme that breaks down mescaline 96 00:05:22,010 --> 00:05:25,400 from being produced, accounting for the long 8 to 12 hour 97 00:05:25,400 --> 00:05:26,560 duration of the journey. 98 00:05:26,560 --> 00:05:29,090 99 00:05:29,090 --> 00:05:32,390 But is there a way to simply look at a psychedelic cactus 100 00:05:32,390 --> 00:05:34,280 and tell what the properties are? 101 00:05:34,280 --> 00:05:37,280 Is it even possible to know what the plants want? 102 00:05:37,280 --> 00:05:42,290 >> One reason why cactus grow needles is to prevent you from 103 00:05:42,290 --> 00:05:44,270 touching them. 104 00:05:44,270 --> 00:05:49,210 And this is this really ingenious method of protection, 105 00:05:49,210 --> 00:05:50,210 right? 106 00:05:50,210 --> 00:05:53,840 Cactus protect themselves by covering themselves 107 00:05:53,840 --> 00:05:55,430 with needles. 108 00:05:55,430 --> 00:06:00,590 But some cactus grow needles in a way 109 00:06:00,590 --> 00:06:04,500 that allows you to touch them. 110 00:06:04,500 --> 00:06:07,890 And, you know, the cactus medicine 111 00:06:07,890 --> 00:06:14,110 has told me that this is the cactus telling us, 112 00:06:14,110 --> 00:06:16,250 "Come in contact with me." 113 00:06:16,250 --> 00:06:20,830 And something that I've observed is, the less 114 00:06:20,830 --> 00:06:24,920 the needle structure there is, and the more blue that there 115 00:06:24,920 --> 00:06:27,520 is, the combination of those things, the more medicine 116 00:06:27,520 --> 00:06:28,970 content that there is. 117 00:06:28,970 --> 00:06:32,030 But this grew this much in one year. 118 00:06:32,030 --> 00:06:35,920 I can tell because this pinch is when it grew the next year. 119 00:06:35,920 --> 00:06:39,650 Then the head was somehow cut off here or got knocked over, 120 00:06:39,650 --> 00:06:43,090 and it started growing fresh new nodes out of this point. 121 00:06:43,090 --> 00:06:46,370 And these fresher nodes that are newer, actually 122 00:06:46,370 --> 00:06:48,730 have more mescaline content in them. 123 00:06:48,730 --> 00:06:52,640 And you can see that from the blue that they express, 124 00:06:52,640 --> 00:06:55,150 that kind of blue power. 125 00:06:55,150 --> 00:06:57,530 Huachuma likely used this kind of language 126 00:06:57,530 --> 00:07:00,980 to speak to the old Huachumeras and Huachumeros, the medicine 127 00:07:00,980 --> 00:07:04,300 workers of this particular plant. 128 00:07:04,300 --> 00:07:09,004 This shamanic heritage dates back into the ancient world. 129 00:07:09,004 --> 00:07:13,040 The Huachuma carving found at Chavin de Huántar is said 130 00:07:13,040 --> 00:07:16,700 to date back to at least 1,500 BC. 131 00:07:16,700 --> 00:07:18,650 It should be remembered that though this 132 00:07:18,650 --> 00:07:21,540 is the earliest remnant pointing to a psychedelic society 133 00:07:21,540 --> 00:07:22,340 in Peru-- 134 00:07:22,340 --> 00:07:24,500 over 3,500 years ago-- 135 00:07:24,500 --> 00:07:27,050 it is unlikely that the use of this plant sacrament 136 00:07:27,050 --> 00:07:30,380 started right at the time that the carving was constructed. 137 00:07:30,380 --> 00:07:34,430 The sacred use of Huachuma could date back considerably farther. 138 00:07:34,430 --> 00:07:37,730 And like the kykeon beverage in the Eleusinian Mysteries 139 00:07:37,730 --> 00:07:41,690 in ancient Greece, the temple grounds of Chavin de Huántar 140 00:07:41,690 --> 00:07:45,650 was likely a spiritual mecca and was equipped with a public area 141 00:07:45,650 --> 00:07:48,620 above the ground, while the initiates-- 142 00:07:48,620 --> 00:07:51,830 seeking universal mysteries-- were ushered into secret 143 00:07:51,830 --> 00:07:54,560 underground galleries. 144 00:07:54,560 --> 00:07:56,810 They would likely imbibe the Huachuma brew 145 00:07:56,810 --> 00:07:59,420 and undergo a transformational psychedelic journey 146 00:07:59,420 --> 00:08:01,870 in these dimly lit halls. 147 00:08:01,870 --> 00:08:05,150 Acoustic studies-- with the help of Stanford University-- 148 00:08:05,150 --> 00:08:08,420 were conducted and determined that this underground labyrinth 149 00:08:08,420 --> 00:08:11,090 must have been constructed for mind-altering sonic 150 00:08:11,090 --> 00:08:14,570 experiences, causing the environment 151 00:08:14,570 --> 00:08:17,240 to come alive and play tricks on the senses, 152 00:08:17,240 --> 00:08:20,120 as well as transport sound to other areas of the temple 153 00:08:20,120 --> 00:08:21,740 complex. 154 00:08:21,740 --> 00:08:24,950 These were likely initiation chambers to test candidates 155 00:08:24,950 --> 00:08:27,720 for the higher and elite levels of governance. 156 00:08:27,720 --> 00:08:29,720 Those entrusted with the secrets of the world 157 00:08:29,720 --> 00:08:35,179 history, humanity's origins, and the practice of magic. 158 00:08:35,179 --> 00:08:38,600 The Raimondi Stele was carved in a highly polished granite, 159 00:08:38,600 --> 00:08:42,140 depicting a curandero holding two Huachuma cacti, 160 00:08:42,140 --> 00:08:45,080 gazing towards the heavens as animal totems emerge 161 00:08:45,080 --> 00:08:49,010 from the crown of his head in an apex of entwined serpents. 162 00:08:49,010 --> 00:08:51,050 Much like the caduceus of Hermes-- 163 00:08:51,050 --> 00:08:54,440 which is a symbol most commonly associated with healing-- 164 00:08:54,440 --> 00:08:56,180 all throughout this region and north 165 00:08:56,180 --> 00:08:58,160 into Central America and present day 166 00:08:58,160 --> 00:09:00,920 Mexico, similar artistic styles were 167 00:09:00,920 --> 00:09:04,010 found amongst ancient cultures, including headdresses 168 00:09:04,010 --> 00:09:06,050 that plume from the wearer's head, 169 00:09:06,050 --> 00:09:07,940 like the Indian belief where the crown 170 00:09:07,940 --> 00:09:12,770 chakra is depicted with 1,000 petals of different colors. 171 00:09:12,770 --> 00:09:17,690 This represents what is known as the rising of the kundalini. 172 00:09:17,690 --> 00:09:20,360 The origin myths of psychedelic plants, as well as 173 00:09:20,360 --> 00:09:22,190 the art that surrounded them, are 174 00:09:22,190 --> 00:09:25,040 too similar to dismiss as coincidence. 175 00:09:25,040 --> 00:09:27,680 Are these similarities across time and geography 176 00:09:27,680 --> 00:09:30,200 from a common origin of humankind 177 00:09:30,200 --> 00:09:33,290 or did the plants impart the messages? 178 00:09:33,290 --> 00:09:39,410 >> People discovered how to combine these plants through-- 179 00:09:39,410 --> 00:09:42,560 basically with divination with other plants. 180 00:09:42,560 --> 00:09:45,170 You know, they asked the plants-- 181 00:09:45,170 --> 00:09:48,440 or through the plant they ask the spirits-- 182 00:09:48,440 --> 00:09:51,050 what are these other plants for? 183 00:09:51,050 --> 00:09:56,990 And as a group, it would be shown different things, what 184 00:09:56,990 --> 00:10:00,380 to do through our subconscious. 185 00:10:00,380 --> 00:10:04,460 That's the datura tree, tree datura. 186 00:10:04,460 --> 00:10:07,190 So, that was the plant, I believe, 187 00:10:07,190 --> 00:10:12,290 that showed how to make these other concoctions. 188 00:10:12,290 --> 00:10:17,660 The datura taught people all kinds of incredible things, 189 00:10:17,660 --> 00:10:20,830 like how to turn into animals and how to fly. 190 00:10:20,830 --> 00:10:23,350 In Middle East, they flew on carpets 191 00:10:23,350 --> 00:10:25,070 and the witches flew on brooms. 192 00:10:25,070 --> 00:10:29,300 And that was the same exact recipe with that plant. 193 00:10:29,300 --> 00:10:31,670 And even in this area, people would fly 194 00:10:31,670 --> 00:10:35,000 in baskets the very same way. 195 00:10:35,000 --> 00:10:39,560 And also the story of the werewolves too, 196 00:10:39,560 --> 00:10:44,690 that was the same plant and pretty much the same recipe. 197 00:10:44,690 --> 00:10:48,530 >> Psychoactives like Datura, and psychedelics like peyote, 198 00:10:48,530 --> 00:10:52,250 and even shamanic rituals may be the common denominator behind 199 00:10:52,250 --> 00:10:54,860 the legends of shapeshifting, flying, 200 00:10:54,860 --> 00:10:57,440 and other miraculous feats. 201 00:10:57,440 --> 00:11:03,080 >> So, what that medicine is is, it's medically turning the fork 202 00:11:03,080 --> 00:11:09,590 in your brain that allows you to perceive sound, light, 203 00:11:09,590 --> 00:11:15,790 vibration, energy, spirits, those things. 204 00:11:15,790 --> 00:11:16,590 It's a bridge. 205 00:11:16,590 --> 00:11:20,080 206 00:11:20,080 --> 00:11:23,520 >> This is the difference between what we call 207 00:11:23,520 --> 00:11:28,380 hallucinating and increased perception. 208 00:11:28,380 --> 00:11:31,870 Hallucinating is when you're seeing things that don't exist, 209 00:11:31,870 --> 00:11:34,870 which is also fun. 210 00:11:34,870 --> 00:11:36,990 I think it's like imagining. 211 00:11:36,990 --> 00:11:41,860 But increased perception allows you to see things that exist 212 00:11:41,860 --> 00:11:45,000 but because your mind is not trained to see them 213 00:11:45,000 --> 00:11:48,150 in normal activity, the peyote helps you 214 00:11:48,150 --> 00:11:49,530 to see what's already there. 215 00:11:49,530 --> 00:11:52,500 Some of this is this energetic body. 216 00:11:52,500 --> 00:11:55,980 And of course, if anybody studies the energetic body, 217 00:11:55,980 --> 00:12:00,450 you know that there's a magnetic design to it. 218 00:12:00,450 --> 00:12:05,520 Just like if you put a magnet underneath some iron filings, 219 00:12:05,520 --> 00:12:10,960 you'll see how the magnetic force creates a pattern. 220 00:12:10,960 --> 00:12:15,990 Well, every human being has an energetic pattern. 221 00:12:15,990 --> 00:12:18,780 And sometimes these patterns are disrupted 222 00:12:18,780 --> 00:12:21,540 through what we call diseases, which 223 00:12:21,540 --> 00:12:26,580 are imbalances or malfunctions in the cellular structure. 224 00:12:26,580 --> 00:12:28,690 So, peyote helps you to see this. 225 00:12:28,690 --> 00:12:33,990 >> With peyote, I would be able to see people's sicknesses. 226 00:12:33,990 --> 00:12:37,560 You know, if somebody was clogged in their uterus, 227 00:12:37,560 --> 00:12:41,610 or clogged in their intestines, or if they had spinal issues, 228 00:12:41,610 --> 00:12:45,650 or if their circulatory-- like, I would see these things. 229 00:12:45,650 --> 00:12:48,720 And in seeing them, it's like I looked at the person 230 00:12:48,720 --> 00:12:52,170 and the thought would come to my mind. 231 00:12:52,170 --> 00:12:55,410 >> Seeing illness in people is just one of the phenomena that 232 00:12:55,410 --> 00:13:01,290 these peyoteros or huachumeras claim to be capable of. 233 00:13:01,290 --> 00:13:05,730 Some even claim that peyote can put you in touch with ancestors 234 00:13:05,730 --> 00:13:09,600 or give glimpses into the raw nature of world issues 235 00:13:09,600 --> 00:13:13,650 without transporting you to a foreign dimension. 236 00:13:13,650 --> 00:13:16,170 Daniel McQueen from Medicinal Mindfulness 237 00:13:16,170 --> 00:13:19,140 recounts his experience with the Native American Church peyote 238 00:13:19,140 --> 00:13:20,670 ceremonies. 239 00:13:20,670 --> 00:13:23,340 >> You know, while peyote is a classic psychedelic, 240 00:13:23,340 --> 00:13:26,460 mescaline is a little different than other psychedelics. 241 00:13:26,460 --> 00:13:29,010 And you can have visuals, you can 242 00:13:29,010 --> 00:13:33,060 have experiences of engaging with spirits 243 00:13:33,060 --> 00:13:36,950 and communicating with entities beyond this world. 244 00:13:36,950 --> 00:13:38,670 But it's a little different in that 245 00:13:38,670 --> 00:13:42,780 you can feel more lucid, more clear, more present 246 00:13:42,780 --> 00:13:44,390 than you've ever felt before. 247 00:13:44,390 --> 00:13:46,950 And so it's kind of a paradox. 248 00:13:46,950 --> 00:13:49,230 You can be incredibly altered in the experience 249 00:13:49,230 --> 00:13:54,810 but also feel very, very present in this world 250 00:13:54,810 --> 00:13:58,206 and engaged in this reality. 251 00:13:58,206 --> 00:13:59,580 And it seems to have the capacity 252 00:13:59,580 --> 00:14:04,950 to open up our frontal cortex, our capacity to think clearly. 253 00:14:04,950 --> 00:14:08,850 And so instead of having to sort through something, 254 00:14:08,850 --> 00:14:11,310 figure something out, a complex problem 255 00:14:11,310 --> 00:14:14,430 out, or looking for understanding, 256 00:14:14,430 --> 00:14:15,480 it's just right there. 257 00:14:15,480 --> 00:14:18,390 It's just revealed to you. 258 00:14:18,390 --> 00:14:22,220 >> The issues peyote or huachuma introduced to those who drink 259 00:14:22,220 --> 00:14:25,500 are said to usually come from our own subconscious, 260 00:14:25,500 --> 00:14:28,260 even if that issue is an outer phenomena that we are 261 00:14:28,260 --> 00:14:30,540 struggling to come to terms with, 262 00:14:30,540 --> 00:14:33,660 coming from the angle that all events in the universe are 263 00:14:33,660 --> 00:14:37,210 intimately linked to human consciousness. 264 00:14:37,210 --> 00:14:39,910 And though the traditional use of these plants cannot be put 265 00:14:39,910 --> 00:14:43,390 into one simple explanation, the commonalities tend to be 266 00:14:43,390 --> 00:14:46,660 involved in community bonding rather than isolated healing 267 00:14:46,660 --> 00:14:48,250 procedures. 268 00:14:48,250 --> 00:14:54,355 >> The use of this medicine has always been a community event. 269 00:14:54,355 --> 00:14:58,540 But if somebody needed healing and they came to a road man, 270 00:14:58,540 --> 00:15:04,780 they could do it individually, but that's more rare. 271 00:15:04,780 --> 00:15:09,100 It's almost always done in a community setting. 272 00:15:09,100 --> 00:15:11,110 >> Clearly there were ways in which the use 273 00:15:11,110 --> 00:15:15,010 of the psychedelics augmented our ability to be moral 274 00:15:15,010 --> 00:15:17,320 individuals, to have compassion for others, 275 00:15:17,320 --> 00:15:20,560 and to take action on behalf of others that were not 276 00:15:20,560 --> 00:15:22,120 our immediate family members. 277 00:15:22,120 --> 00:15:25,000 What we see in traditional societies around the world 278 00:15:25,000 --> 00:15:27,640 is that they were used for augmenting 279 00:15:27,640 --> 00:15:30,610 the effects of ritual, enhancing bonding 280 00:15:30,610 --> 00:15:33,040 among members of the community, and using 281 00:15:33,040 --> 00:15:34,840 these dynamics for healing. 282 00:15:34,840 --> 00:15:37,480 >> One of the hallmarks of expanded or flow states 283 00:15:37,480 --> 00:15:40,620 of consciousness brought about by psychedelic plants, 284 00:15:40,620 --> 00:15:44,170 shamanic drumming and dancing, or other methods seems to be 285 00:15:44,170 --> 00:15:46,730 the release of several neurotransmitters, 286 00:15:46,730 --> 00:15:50,890 such as anandamide, oxytocin, serotonin, 287 00:15:50,890 --> 00:15:54,940 and dopamine in varying amounts depending on the method. 288 00:15:54,940 --> 00:15:56,980 These chemicals on their own lend 289 00:15:56,980 --> 00:16:01,450 to feelings of closeness, sensuality, relational bonding, 290 00:16:01,450 --> 00:16:03,580 and security. 291 00:16:03,580 --> 00:16:07,000 Several are present during breastfeeding, lovemaking, 292 00:16:07,000 --> 00:16:09,730 hugging, and even eye contact. 293 00:16:09,730 --> 00:16:12,460 Even single-celled organisms that had grouped together 294 00:16:12,460 --> 00:16:14,950 to become more complex creatures had 295 00:16:14,950 --> 00:16:19,390 the impulse towards community bonding for a higher cause. 296 00:16:19,390 --> 00:16:22,300 And in this way, the real shamanic medicine 297 00:16:22,300 --> 00:16:24,550 was understood to be relationships, 298 00:16:24,550 --> 00:16:27,220 and the strength of the group, and a great remembering 299 00:16:27,220 --> 00:16:29,940 of the deeper purposes of life. 300 00:16:29,940 --> 00:16:33,760 And the relationships begin not only with the human community, 301 00:16:33,760 --> 00:16:36,400 but the plant community used to guide and protect 302 00:16:36,400 --> 00:16:39,160 the medicine work. 303 00:16:39,160 --> 00:16:41,100 [MUSIC PLAYING] 304 00:16:41,100 --> 00:16:43,830 And in some groups, they pray with cedar. 305 00:16:43,830 --> 00:16:48,960 But most often, people pray with tobacco, 306 00:16:48,960 --> 00:16:50,790 and then the medicine would come around. 307 00:16:50,790 --> 00:16:55,150 And everybody will have four portions of the medicine, 308 00:16:55,150 --> 00:17:00,990 and that would go around at least four times in the night. 309 00:17:00,990 --> 00:17:03,690 After we have the medicine, then we 310 00:17:03,690 --> 00:17:06,630 get to sing with the staff and the rattle. 311 00:17:06,630 --> 00:17:09,300 312 00:17:09,300 --> 00:17:12,936 And it goes on like that until morning. 313 00:17:12,936 --> 00:17:15,069 [DRUMMING] 314 00:17:15,069 --> 00:17:18,660 I know that the rhythm of the music in the Native American 315 00:17:18,660 --> 00:17:20,619 Church is very important. 316 00:17:20,619 --> 00:17:26,430 There's always been the quick rhythm, rhythmic beat. 317 00:17:26,430 --> 00:17:32,040 It's very important, the songs, to keep the rhythm the same. 318 00:17:32,040 --> 00:17:36,660 And also for everyone to play pretty much the same, 319 00:17:36,660 --> 00:17:40,220 rather than trying to show their individuality, 320 00:17:40,220 --> 00:17:44,900 because the ceremonies are very much about learning by example 321 00:17:44,900 --> 00:17:47,450 and being consistent. 322 00:17:47,450 --> 00:17:49,800 [DRUMMING] 323 00:17:49,800 --> 00:17:51,990 >> The importance of the group to be in the presence 324 00:17:51,990 --> 00:17:55,590 of, listening to, and even performing the drum rhythm, 325 00:17:55,590 --> 00:17:58,800 is said to bring the individuals into a hive mind where 326 00:17:58,800 --> 00:18:01,860 the intentions or thoughts that they hold are as singular 327 00:18:01,860 --> 00:18:05,790 as one unit and therefore more powerful. 328 00:18:05,790 --> 00:18:09,600 Dr. Luciano Bernardi, at the Pavia University in Italy, 329 00:18:09,600 --> 00:18:12,030 has shown that heart rhythms in humans 330 00:18:12,030 --> 00:18:15,180 sync their pace to music, showing that the heart listens 331 00:18:15,180 --> 00:18:17,560 to and responds to music. 332 00:18:17,560 --> 00:18:20,430 Together this would cause a group's nervous system 333 00:18:20,430 --> 00:18:23,040 and cardiac rhythms to come into harmony. 334 00:18:23,040 --> 00:18:25,770 Even in Silicon Valley, startup companies 335 00:18:25,770 --> 00:18:28,920 have been toying with the idea of using music and binaural 336 00:18:28,920 --> 00:18:32,280 beats in headphones to a group while electrodes are scanning 337 00:18:32,280 --> 00:18:34,110 their brainwave patterns, finding 338 00:18:34,110 --> 00:18:37,290 that the music brings their mental states into synchrony. 339 00:18:37,290 --> 00:18:38,880 Why are they doing this? 340 00:18:38,880 --> 00:18:41,040 Because they find that groups perform better 341 00:18:41,040 --> 00:18:43,620 when there's a form of mental cohesion or a hive 342 00:18:43,620 --> 00:18:45,090 mind happening. 343 00:18:45,090 --> 00:18:47,340 Even high-level military intelligence 344 00:18:47,340 --> 00:18:51,120 sees the importance of thinking as a group with no leader 345 00:18:51,120 --> 00:18:53,740 except the one who knows what to do next. 346 00:18:53,740 --> 00:18:56,460 This may be the basis of all human history's community 347 00:18:56,460 --> 00:18:58,110 rituals. 348 00:18:58,110 --> 00:19:01,170 But even though the medicine is useful for community bonding 349 00:19:01,170 --> 00:19:05,310 and cultivating a hive-like mind, the spirit of the cactus 350 00:19:05,310 --> 00:19:09,180 is differentiated from other plant medicines like ayahuasca 351 00:19:09,180 --> 00:19:12,240 and sings a message from a very particular and masculine 352 00:19:12,240 --> 00:19:14,310 standpoint. 353 00:19:14,310 --> 00:19:17,400 Ayahuasca has this very feminine energy, 354 00:19:17,400 --> 00:19:21,060 where it's kind of like she basically 355 00:19:21,060 --> 00:19:25,560 allows you to feel, and have emotions, and be very 356 00:19:25,560 --> 00:19:29,430 watery in how you're experiencing it, 357 00:19:29,430 --> 00:19:31,690 while peyote has a very masculine energy. 358 00:19:31,690 --> 00:19:35,750 It's more like you're doing, and you're making it happen. 359 00:19:35,750 --> 00:19:37,140 And you know, even in the prayer, 360 00:19:37,140 --> 00:19:40,950 because with ayahuasca the songs are more romantic. 361 00:19:40,950 --> 00:19:42,830 They're more organic. 362 00:19:42,830 --> 00:19:47,412 I mean, they're both organic, but they're more feminine. 363 00:19:47,412 --> 00:19:49,370 And then with peyote, the songs are more like-- 364 00:19:49,370 --> 00:19:49,725 [VOCALIZING BEAT] 365 00:19:49,725 --> 00:19:52,020 - because you're with the drum the whole night. 366 00:19:52,020 --> 00:19:53,585 So, it's literally a drum. 367 00:19:53,585 --> 00:19:57,260 So, that sound is more masculine sound, more physical sound. 368 00:19:57,260 --> 00:20:01,017 And as a woman, it definitely taught 369 00:20:01,017 --> 00:20:02,850 me a lot of what it means to be a woman when 370 00:20:02,850 --> 00:20:05,710 I was faced with so much masculinity in that tee-pee. 371 00:20:05,710 --> 00:20:08,470 It taught me more than I ever thought 372 00:20:08,470 --> 00:20:13,440 I would ever think I would be taught by a masculine entity. 373 00:20:13,440 --> 00:20:16,950 >> It is a belief among modern psychonauts and neo-shamans 374 00:20:16,950 --> 00:20:19,560 that the planet has a family tree of psychedelic 375 00:20:19,560 --> 00:20:21,900 and psychoactive plants. 376 00:20:21,900 --> 00:20:25,560 Each one is here with a specific message for us. 377 00:20:25,560 --> 00:20:27,930 >> Plant medicine's role has been the same for thousands 378 00:20:27,930 --> 00:20:29,110 of years. 379 00:20:29,110 --> 00:20:30,880 It's to teach us. 380 00:20:30,880 --> 00:20:32,670 And so these are different teachers 381 00:20:32,670 --> 00:20:37,440 that are put here to give us different lessons. 382 00:20:37,440 --> 00:20:43,740 >> Earth has designed these plants that are curing humanity 383 00:20:43,740 --> 00:20:48,600 because humanity is affecting the functioning of the Earth 384 00:20:48,600 --> 00:20:50,380 as a living organism. 385 00:20:50,380 --> 00:20:53,580 So, the Earth needs to protect itself. 386 00:20:53,580 --> 00:20:58,434 So through these chemicals that are contained in the peyote, 387 00:20:58,434 --> 00:21:01,040 the consciousness of the spirit of peyote 388 00:21:01,040 --> 00:21:05,010 is helping human beings to cure and heal 389 00:21:05,010 --> 00:21:08,920 all of these society ailments. 390 00:21:08,920 --> 00:21:12,720 >> Together, these plants alter perception differently 391 00:21:12,720 --> 00:21:15,670 and offer deeply unique and profound teachings, 392 00:21:15,670 --> 00:21:18,250 all to protect the balance of life. 393 00:21:18,250 --> 00:21:21,030 And this family tree of psychedelic plant medicines 394 00:21:21,030 --> 00:21:24,480 is thought to tell a complete story of human history, 395 00:21:24,480 --> 00:21:28,020 potential future, and life's purpose to assist us 396 00:21:28,020 --> 00:21:30,450 in the coming turbulent days. 397 00:21:30,450 --> 00:21:33,720 And this is why medicine spreads due to plant migration 398 00:21:33,720 --> 00:21:36,750 or human intervention. 399 00:21:36,750 --> 00:21:41,250 >> This medicine spread from tribe to tribe all across North 400 00:21:41,250 --> 00:21:43,770 America, all the way up into Canada, 401 00:21:43,770 --> 00:21:47,970 because people were really desperate for help. 402 00:21:47,970 --> 00:21:51,060 And so some people would say that it 403 00:21:51,060 --> 00:21:52,860 was prophesied that it would come 404 00:21:52,860 --> 00:21:55,650 to them to help the people. 405 00:21:55,650 --> 00:22:00,810 So, I believe that this medicine is here to help the people. 406 00:22:00,810 --> 00:22:03,360 And just as in the past, it helped 407 00:22:03,360 --> 00:22:08,580 us to integrate into European culture and academic way 408 00:22:08,580 --> 00:22:10,500 of life. 409 00:22:10,500 --> 00:22:14,850 Now it's also a way of connecting back to your roots 410 00:22:14,850 --> 00:22:20,970 and connecting back to the ancient ways of all people. 411 00:22:20,970 --> 00:22:23,580 >> But these cultures did more than simply reconnect with 412 00:22:23,580 --> 00:22:24,940 the past. 413 00:22:24,940 --> 00:22:27,660 They also foresaw the future. 414 00:22:27,660 --> 00:22:30,570 The fact that Western society is becoming increasingly 415 00:22:30,570 --> 00:22:32,820 interested in psychedelic substances 416 00:22:32,820 --> 00:22:35,910 and their historical shamanic application 417 00:22:35,910 --> 00:22:39,750 is said by some to be signs of an ancient prophecy believed 418 00:22:39,750 --> 00:22:42,660 to have stemmed from Andean Quechua, New Mexican 419 00:22:42,660 --> 00:22:47,640 Hopi, Guatemalan, Honduran, Ecuadorian Shuar, 420 00:22:47,640 --> 00:22:48,930 and Mexican Mayan cultures. 421 00:22:48,930 --> 00:22:51,870 422 00:22:51,870 --> 00:22:55,770 >> The ancients foresaw the coming of the Europeans 423 00:22:55,770 --> 00:23:00,000 and the destruction of civilization as we know it. 424 00:23:00,000 --> 00:23:04,740 But they also foresaw the time when 425 00:23:04,740 --> 00:23:12,120 the culture of the indigenous people was going to reemerge. 426 00:23:12,120 --> 00:23:16,350 And part of the culture of native people inherent in all 427 00:23:16,350 --> 00:23:22,470 of this is the use of plants to create 428 00:23:22,470 --> 00:23:27,390 a higher level of consciousness for the human societies. 429 00:23:27,390 --> 00:23:33,600 And it was also predicted that 500 years 430 00:23:33,600 --> 00:23:39,630 after the initial onslaught of Christianity 431 00:23:39,630 --> 00:23:44,910 and European colonization, a new time was going to come, 432 00:23:44,910 --> 00:23:48,840 which is the time we are living now. 433 00:23:48,840 --> 00:23:53,610 And this was referred to as the Prophecy 434 00:23:53,610 --> 00:23:57,260 of the Condor and the Eagle. 435 00:23:57,260 --> 00:24:01,940 >> And a lot of people see it as a spiritual thing 436 00:24:01,940 --> 00:24:04,490 that's happening, which is definitely what's happening 437 00:24:04,490 --> 00:24:09,950 with the Native American Church because it's just as strong 438 00:24:09,950 --> 00:24:13,010 in South America as it is in North America now. 439 00:24:13,010 --> 00:24:14,840 But another part of that prophecy, 440 00:24:14,840 --> 00:24:17,060 the next part of that, is that they 441 00:24:17,060 --> 00:24:20,270 would soar as one, that the eagle and condor would 442 00:24:20,270 --> 00:24:22,960 soar as one. 443 00:24:22,960 --> 00:24:27,010 And that can be interpreted in many different ways. 444 00:24:27,010 --> 00:24:33,400 But I think amongst most people in spiritual circles, 445 00:24:33,400 --> 00:24:37,240 they see that as a spiritual unification of the people. 446 00:24:37,240 --> 00:24:39,910 447 00:24:39,910 --> 00:24:42,700 The prophecy is said to foretell of a pachacuti, 448 00:24:42,700 --> 00:24:46,450 or 500-year period, in which the eagle, which represents 449 00:24:46,450 --> 00:24:48,900 the people of the northern hemisphere that walked 450 00:24:48,900 --> 00:24:52,150 the industrial, mental, and masculine path, 451 00:24:52,150 --> 00:24:54,970 would bring about a near-extinction of the condor, 452 00:24:54,970 --> 00:24:57,640 representing the people of the southern hemisphere that 453 00:24:57,640 --> 00:24:59,110 follow the heart and are connected 454 00:24:59,110 --> 00:25:01,390 with traditional ways of the Earth. 455 00:25:01,390 --> 00:25:03,430 Followers of the prophecy see this 456 00:25:03,430 --> 00:25:06,280 as having come true at the time of the Spanish conquest 457 00:25:06,280 --> 00:25:08,290 of the New World shamanic and indigenous 458 00:25:08,290 --> 00:25:10,810 cultures around 1490. 459 00:25:10,810 --> 00:25:12,730 However, the prophecy also foretold 460 00:25:12,730 --> 00:25:15,580 of a reunification of the eagle and condor, 461 00:25:15,580 --> 00:25:21,090 starting at the end of the pachacuti in 1990. 462 00:25:21,090 --> 00:25:23,670 A striking development in the unification of people 463 00:25:23,670 --> 00:25:28,000 globally is the exchange of ideas and values. 464 00:25:28,000 --> 00:25:29,760 This has never been as prevalent as it 465 00:25:29,760 --> 00:25:31,800 was with the advent of the internet, 466 00:25:31,800 --> 00:25:34,350 and this revolutionary communication technology 467 00:25:34,350 --> 00:25:38,970 became publicly available on August 6th of 1991. 468 00:25:38,970 --> 00:25:41,220 Many skeptics have disregarded and debunked 469 00:25:41,220 --> 00:25:47,330 the details of this prophecy, while all along, the remaining 470 00:25:47,330 --> 00:25:49,370 indigenous of the original tribes 471 00:25:49,370 --> 00:25:51,290 carry on the belief that regardless 472 00:25:51,290 --> 00:25:54,620 of the skepticism, the prophecy is in motion 473 00:25:54,620 --> 00:25:56,950 and a revival of shamanic traditions 474 00:25:56,950 --> 00:26:02,390 and interest among even the Western world is growing. 475 00:26:02,390 --> 00:26:04,550 And signs of this shift in consciousness 476 00:26:04,550 --> 00:26:07,550 may also be appearing in pop cultural trends returning 477 00:26:07,550 --> 00:26:09,500 to nature-based activities. 478 00:26:09,500 --> 00:26:12,080 Exercise rituals of just a few decades ago 479 00:26:12,080 --> 00:26:14,630 are being revisioned in a natural setting, 480 00:26:14,630 --> 00:26:18,110 linking the body and mind back to these spaces. 481 00:26:18,110 --> 00:26:21,230 Dietary trends are looking back into ancestral traditions 482 00:26:21,230 --> 00:26:24,830 that predate colonial grain-based diets. 483 00:26:24,830 --> 00:26:27,650 Workshops are popping up around the world with catchwords 484 00:26:27,650 --> 00:26:31,850 like rewilding, primal, ancestral, and shamanic. 485 00:26:31,850 --> 00:26:33,740 Could this be a sign of the times, 486 00:26:33,740 --> 00:26:36,590 that the innate balancing intelligence of the collective 487 00:26:36,590 --> 00:26:41,060 senses the need for uniting with our roots once more? 488 00:26:41,060 --> 00:26:45,990 >> We're reaching the point where human beings are really 489 00:26:45,990 --> 00:26:50,800 changing drastically, and we're becoming more intelligent. 490 00:26:50,800 --> 00:26:55,320 We're learning more, but we're also becoming very conditioned 491 00:26:55,320 --> 00:26:58,860 and becoming domesticated, very literally. 492 00:26:58,860 --> 00:27:02,670 And you can see the difference between a domesticated animal 493 00:27:02,670 --> 00:27:06,550 and a wild animal, even how different medicines 494 00:27:06,550 --> 00:27:12,280 and substances can have a very different effect on both. 495 00:27:12,280 --> 00:27:14,640 And one of my concerns has always 496 00:27:14,640 --> 00:27:19,260 been that we're losing touch with our wild selves. 497 00:27:19,260 --> 00:27:23,430 I think it's very important that the human race in the future 498 00:27:23,430 --> 00:27:28,530 stay in touch with our roots, and where we come from, 499 00:27:28,530 --> 00:27:32,580 and what we really are rather than thinking that we're just 500 00:27:32,580 --> 00:27:35,820 some kind of biological robots. 501 00:27:35,820 --> 00:27:40,620 And I think it's very important, the role 502 00:27:40,620 --> 00:27:45,120 of the sacred sacrament of the herb peyote 503 00:27:45,120 --> 00:27:48,000 and also these other medicines that 504 00:27:48,000 --> 00:27:52,680 come from different traditions to understand who they really 505 00:27:52,680 --> 00:27:56,139 are and where they come from, that we are animals 506 00:27:56,139 --> 00:27:57,180 that come from the Earth. 507 00:27:57,180 --> 00:28:00,480 508 00:28:00,480 --> 00:28:03,720 What if the missing puzzle piece to harmony on this planet 509 00:28:03,720 --> 00:28:06,510 is missing because of the civilized, cultural concept 510 00:28:06,510 --> 00:28:08,580 we're fed from birth? 511 00:28:08,580 --> 00:28:10,650 The trend in the West has unmistakably 512 00:28:10,650 --> 00:28:13,950 been a focus on technology and human innovation that 513 00:28:13,950 --> 00:28:17,940 tends to alter nature, push it out, subdue and enslave 514 00:28:17,940 --> 00:28:21,300 the natural world, and bend it to our human will, 515 00:28:21,300 --> 00:28:24,600 The same will that believes animals living in factory farms 516 00:28:24,600 --> 00:28:26,910 will yield the same quality meat as those 517 00:28:26,910 --> 00:28:30,240 that live in their natural, thriving habitat. 518 00:28:30,240 --> 00:28:33,480 The same will that believes that monocultured and low-dynamic 519 00:28:33,480 --> 00:28:36,380 environments will yield the same quality crops as 520 00:28:36,380 --> 00:28:38,040 would appear in their native homes 521 00:28:38,040 --> 00:28:40,980 in connection with all other life forms. 522 00:28:40,980 --> 00:28:44,250 Does this medicine illuminate the social sickness of amnesia 523 00:28:44,250 --> 00:28:46,830 towards our past and hypnotic awe 524 00:28:46,830 --> 00:28:49,950 at our flashy and convenience-driven future? 525 00:28:49,950 --> 00:28:53,220 Perhaps this is why peyote ceremonies still to this day 526 00:28:53,220 --> 00:28:55,440 are typically conducted in tee-pees, which 527 00:28:55,440 --> 00:28:57,690 seat the participants on the earth, 528 00:28:57,690 --> 00:29:00,300 with fire, and prayer, and community holding 529 00:29:00,300 --> 00:29:03,510 intentions of healing rather than the sterilized, 530 00:29:03,510 --> 00:29:06,360 nature-free clinics and hospitals with synthetic 531 00:29:06,360 --> 00:29:09,150 and compound isolated meds intended to be 532 00:29:09,150 --> 00:29:11,850 taken and forgotten about. 533 00:29:11,850 --> 00:29:15,810 Healing practices have never before been that way. 534 00:29:15,810 --> 00:29:18,570 Psychedelic plants, like peyote and huachuma, 535 00:29:18,570 --> 00:29:21,480 are impossible to forget about after ingesting 536 00:29:21,480 --> 00:29:24,180 because the relationship between their chemical makeup 537 00:29:24,180 --> 00:29:28,110 and our neurochemistry causes a journey of engagement, 538 00:29:28,110 --> 00:29:31,980 attention, processing, and coming to terms with all 539 00:29:31,980 --> 00:29:36,390 that we are and all that is no longer serving us. 540 00:29:36,390 --> 00:29:39,090 There is no tuning out or ignoring your subconscious 541 00:29:39,090 --> 00:29:42,360 under these shamanic states. 542 00:29:42,360 --> 00:29:44,640 Perhaps if we engage with these medicines 543 00:29:44,640 --> 00:29:48,900 or other natural methods of expanding one's conscious state 544 00:29:48,900 --> 00:29:51,270 and honor and respect the cultures that have long 545 00:29:51,270 --> 00:29:56,880 done this good work to integrate and bond with our community, 546 00:29:56,880 --> 00:29:59,820 then maybe, just maybe, the prophecy 547 00:29:59,820 --> 00:30:03,450 of the eagle and condor will be seen as more than lofty hopes 548 00:30:03,450 --> 00:30:07,140 and dreams but as a return to the sanity 549 00:30:07,140 --> 00:30:11,220 of wild, ancestral nature. 550 00:30:11,220 --> 00:30:14,610 Up next, join us as we investigate human's history 551 00:30:14,610 --> 00:30:19,650 with cannabis, humanity's oldest cultivated crop, providing food 552 00:30:19,650 --> 00:30:22,800 medicine, and even connection with the divine. 553 00:30:22,800 --> 00:30:27,600 554 00:30:27,600 --> 00:30:30,650 [MUSIC PLAYING] 555 00:30:30,650 --> 00:30:34,112