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[MUSIC PLAYING]

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>> One of the most overlooked
aspects of human ancestry,

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whether from shamanic traditions
or simply observing common

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behavior throughout history,
is the pursuit of altered

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or expanded states of
consciousness through many

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various methods.

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Many mammals do the same.

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And every ancient
and modern culture

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has some form of practice
that deliberately

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alters the baseline
state of consciousness

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that humans operate from.

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The fix-it-fast drivers
of modern society

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have caused for many
psychonauts to turn

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to devices and electronics
to induce or amplify

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their favorite expanded and
psychedelic states, placing

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a larger wedge between
biology and technology

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for future generations.

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Ingesting psychedelic
plants might

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be the quickest and
most reliable way

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to induce such a
mind-bending journey.

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However, the full
picture of human history

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shows us that there
are many other ways

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to experience flow
states of consciousness

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and psychedelic-like journeys.

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And the debate
about whether or not

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the plants or technology
are necessary when

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we can create these
experiences from within

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has sparked interest in what
each of these categories

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might mean for human evolution
over the course of time.

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Perhaps this is what
the oldest practices

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of yoga and many
other traditions

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were meant to evoke--

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the natural highs that
exist just under the skin.

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>> It's not just the
plants or the sacrament.

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It's you.

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You are the medicine, and it's
helping reveal that within you.

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But essentially, you know,
there's multiple modalities.

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The plants are just one way.

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There's trance.

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There's dance.

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There's breathwork.

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There's yoga.

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There's tantra.

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You know, there's so
many different modalities

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because all of those things
are essentially getting us

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in touch with ourselves.

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And our true potential is to
be divine beings incarnated,

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is to be connected
to the web of life,

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and to be receiving
more of the signal.

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>> Most of these methods
are generated by flowy,

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repetitious, or
chaotic body movements,

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whether performed within
major muscle groups,

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breathed within
the chest cavity,

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or vocalized with the tiny
muscles in the throat.

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Even the endorphins and
other neurochemicals

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that are produced internally
through strenuous activity

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like sports have been
known to push athletes

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into very beneficial
modes of consciousness.

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>> Yeah, a natural high is some
of the best highs you can ever

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have.

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And I find at
least, that through

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intense physical
activity and athletics,

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I tend to find those
natural highs more

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readily than in my daily life--

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one of the main reasons why
I still participate so often

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in my sports.

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>> For me, as a former
collegiate tennis player,

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I would experience flow state
when everything was going right

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on the court.

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A perfect example of
that would be, you know,

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you look at a different
sport like basketball

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and how you'd see Michael
Jordan during the playoff games

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where everything was
just smooth and happened.

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The way that many
athletes describe it

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is a complete,
effortless experience.

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You're in the zone.

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>> Some of the highest level
athletes reportedly find

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themselves in the zone during
highly intense moments when

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training takes over, and the
problem-solving mind gets out

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of the way.

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In every ancient
or modern culture,

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you will not find any
tradition devoid of dance.

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All shamanic and
religious origins

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utilize dance for meaningful
and ceremonial purposes,

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ushering the one dancing to
another plane of consciousness.

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>> Dances, in our culture
we say [NON-ENGLISH]..

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We say moving energy.

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This is different.

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Songs, they're communication.

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But when you're
dancing, now you're

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moving your collective-- well,
if you're individual dance,

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you're moving
energy for yourself.

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I dance in my backyard.

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I can transform my
backyard from what

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it was into what it is now,
just by certain dances.

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Because you're
creating movements,

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there is like geometric designs
that go into the universe

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that you just communicated,
I want to create this.

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And the universe says, OK.

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And then you create it.

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Collective dance brings about
change, brings about creating.

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And these ancient
civilizations understood

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this, where they would create
huge plazas where people would

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come visiting, partake
of these sacred plants,

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and do these sacred dances.

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>> The whirling dervishes in
the Sufic traditions created

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by the 13th century poet Rumi
would twirl or spin in circles

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for extended periods of time.

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Even children are known to spin
in circles until they cannot

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stand anymore.

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"Ring Around the Rosie"
and merry-go-rounds

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are other examples of children's
love for the sensation

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that twirling brings about.

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In the film "Dance
and Human History,"

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we are shown that
each of the earliest

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and untouched traditions
around the world

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include dance styles
that correlate

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with the types of tools
they used for daily labor,

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such as linear, one-dimensional
dance where wooden tools were

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used, twisting or
two-dimensional when metallurgy

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was prominent, and even
three-dimensional dances

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in areas near waterways.

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And the common theory of
the purpose for these dances

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are to revere daily chores
and natural elements as sacred

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and to achieve
psychedelic-like states.

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>> The Kalahari Bushmen
in Southern Africa achieve

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an equally powerful altered
state of consciousness

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by dancing for 24 hours around
the fire and becoming deeply

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dehydrated and falling into
a rhythmic trance-like state.

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And in that trance-like
state, they then have visions,

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and that, it turns
out, is what is

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being painted on the cave
walls and in the rock shelters.

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It's the visions
of ancient shamans.

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So they enter the deeply
altered state of consciousness,

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either through a rhythmic
dance or some other technique

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or through consuming a plant
psychedelic, most often

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the latter.

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They enter a deeply altered
state of consciousness.

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They experience visions.

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They experience encounters
with supernatural beings

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as they construe them.

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Those supernatural beings
may communicate with them

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telepathically.

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This is very common in
the shamanistic trance.

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They may give them teachings.

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And very often, they'll have
a therianthropic appearance.

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They will be part
animal and part human.

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>> How was it that these rituals
helped early cultures commune

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with ancestors or beings
from another realm?

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Some believe that
humanity currently

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operates from a
limited bandwidth,

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only seeing what we
are prepared to see.

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These dances, rhythmic drumming,
and psychedelic plants all

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have one major
component in common--

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they deactivate
the communication

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between regions of
the brain that hold us

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in our behavioral patterns.

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Once these regions go
offline, the human experience

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opens up to new patterns,
and we no longer

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need to be prepared to
see in order to truly see.

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But communing with
other worldly beings

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is just one effect of
these expanded states.

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The health of communities
improves with ritual,

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as seen in the study of
psychoneuroimmunology.

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>> The concept of
psychoneuroimmunology emerged

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in the 1970s, when researchers
started to recognize that how

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people thought not only
affected how they felt,

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but it also affected the
neurotransmitter systems.

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And depending on what
the emotional state was,

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those neurotransmitter
systems could either

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be elicited to enhance
our immune functioning

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or to compromise it.

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The simplest example is stress.

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If you view the world as
being a threatening place,

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you fear the world, this
releases stress hormones,

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and the stress
hormones compromise

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the optimal functioning
of the immune system.

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So by using, for
instance, ritual

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to change people's
attitude, to get

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them to focus on the
positive things in life,

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this is not just
emotional in the brain,

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it's emotional biologically.

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Your neurotransmitter
soup changes.

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And if you get connected
with other people,

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this starts to elicit
the release of lots

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of different positive
hormones in the body that

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can enhance the functioning
of the immune system.

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So we might say
it's just a ritual.

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So it may just be a trick,
but the trick works.

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>> The emerging understanding
that what what we act out

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through our body actually
changes hormonal,

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and even neural functioning,
has been backed up by even more

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evidence in the past century.

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In the well-known story
of Norman Cousins,

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he used laughter
in order to recover

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from a crippling
connective tissue disease.

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Another example came from
an NBC article titled,

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"Smiling can trick your
brain into happiness

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and boost your health,"
showing that the act of smiling

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triggers a chemical reaction
of dopamine and serotonin

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in the brain, lowering
stress, boosting

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mood and the immune system.

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There are also articles showing
that Botox injections, which

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use a neurotoxin to
smooth out wrinkles,

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also keeps the face from being
able to express emotions.

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This has been touted
as performing like

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an anti-depressant, as they're
finding that if the face

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can't act out a depressive
or anxious expression,

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then the brain cannot maintain
the hormonal and neurochemical

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recipe to trigger the inner
sensation attributed to those

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emotions.

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Even animals seek natural highs.

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Jane Goodall has been observing
apes at Gombe, Tanzania

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as they seem to seek altered
states of consciousness.

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They become aroused as
they creep towards pounding

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waterfalls, throwing
stones at them,

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and then settling down
and swaying rhythmically

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as they peer almost meditatively
into the natural wonder.

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Since the dawn of cave
art, humanity's reverence

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for altered states is
found nearly everywhere.

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And quite possibly, one of
the oldest methods of sending

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participants into states that
are identical to psychedelic

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journeys is an alteration of an
act that we cannot survive more

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than a few minutes without--

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the breath.

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>> The method I like the most
that doesn't require an actual

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psychedelic substance to
induce a psychedelic state is

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breathwork.

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There is a lot of different
practices of breathwork,

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and this is a
pretty reliable way

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of engaging the
body and the breath

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to induce an altered state.

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And it doesn't take
that long, whereas some

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of the other ways of
inducing an altered state

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without medicines--

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like extreme physical exertion,
or an illness, or injury,

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or something like that--

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isn't as adaptable
in modern society.

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But we can induce an altered
state with breathwork

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and have a full
experience within an hour,

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hour and and a half.

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To me, that makes it very
accessible for somebody

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to have an altered
states practice--

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a regular altered states
practice that both helps heal

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the body, keeps us
grounded, helps balance

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out other psychedelic
medicine use,

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and it can be done
pretty regularly

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to help clear that
psychic plaque that we

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carry from day-to-day stress
and being rushed in the world.

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>> These modalities are seen
most easily in the yogic

255
00:12:10,380 --> 00:12:13,690
and Tibetan Buddhist
practices of the East.

256
00:12:13,690 --> 00:12:17,040
Popularized in Western culture,
the core breath techniques

257
00:12:17,040 --> 00:12:21,180
still remain in the highly
modernized forms of yoga today.

258
00:12:21,180 --> 00:12:24,300
However, even newer
developments of using breath

259
00:12:24,300 --> 00:12:26,840
to enhance health are seen
with Stig Severinsen's

260
00:12:26,840 --> 00:12:31,590
"breatheology," Wim Hof's
"Innerfire," Buteyko breathing,

261
00:12:31,590 --> 00:12:33,720
as well as many other
techniques for achieving

262
00:12:33,720 --> 00:12:35,950
different outcomes.

263
00:12:35,950 --> 00:12:38,700
The most popular of the
expanded states techniques

264
00:12:38,700 --> 00:12:40,710
was developed by
Czech psychiatrist

265
00:12:40,710 --> 00:12:43,530
and psychedelic
researcher Stanislav Grof

266
00:12:43,530 --> 00:12:45,870
called holotropic breath.

267
00:12:45,870 --> 00:12:48,600
After taking a break
from psychedelic studies,

268
00:12:48,600 --> 00:12:51,390
he decided to write a few
books on the power of expanded

269
00:12:51,390 --> 00:12:53,650
states of consciousness.

270
00:12:53,650 --> 00:12:58,610
>> So I moved to Esalen,
and I was trading this house

271
00:12:58,610 --> 00:13:04,170
and the food for workshops.

272
00:13:04,170 --> 00:13:07,710
And I was basically
talking of what we found

273
00:13:07,710 --> 00:13:10,526
in the psychedelic sessions.

274
00:13:10,526 --> 00:13:12,150
And people were not
very happy with me.

275
00:13:12,150 --> 00:13:14,130
They said, it's great
to hear about all

276
00:13:14,130 --> 00:13:16,890
these great experiences,
but can't we do something?

277
00:13:16,890 --> 00:13:19,430
Don't you have a little
stash on the side?

278
00:13:19,430 --> 00:13:23,350
And I said, you know, I don't
have the license to do it.

279
00:13:23,350 --> 00:13:27,260
And I think Esalen would
not be very happy with us.

280
00:13:27,260 --> 00:13:29,340
But they kept asking.

281
00:13:29,340 --> 00:13:32,550
So I started thinking
about what we could do.

282
00:13:32,550 --> 00:13:34,950
We realized how much
can be achieved just

283
00:13:34,950 --> 00:13:37,200
by such simple means
as breathing, music,

284
00:13:37,200 --> 00:13:39,210
and the bodywork.

285
00:13:39,210 --> 00:13:41,610
We were looking for a
good name, and we finally

286
00:13:41,610 --> 00:13:44,790
came up with the name
holotropic because we

287
00:13:44,790 --> 00:13:48,320
were seeing how this
experiential spectrum of people

288
00:13:48,320 --> 00:13:51,480
is expanding from that
very constricted, limited

289
00:13:51,480 --> 00:13:54,210
that is available in our
everyday consciousness.

290
00:13:54,210 --> 00:13:57,780
So holos means whole, and
-trope or -troping means

291
00:13:57,780 --> 00:13:59,800
moving towards.

292
00:13:59,800 --> 00:14:03,840
Like in the name heliotrope,
is from helios, is the sun.

293
00:14:03,840 --> 00:14:07,740
Heliotrope is the property of
the plant, the flower, always

294
00:14:07,740 --> 00:14:12,350
oriented, going for the sun.

295
00:14:12,350 --> 00:14:15,130
So it means moving
toward wholeness.

296
00:14:15,130 --> 00:14:18,030
So holotropic states
are not like that.

297
00:14:18,030 --> 00:14:22,240
Your intellectual functioning
is dramatically changed,

298
00:14:22,240 --> 00:14:23,490
but not reduced.

299
00:14:23,490 --> 00:14:25,140
It's transformed.

300
00:14:25,140 --> 00:14:27,470
You can see certain
things much clearer.

301
00:14:27,470 --> 00:14:29,870
You get insights about things.

302
00:14:29,870 --> 00:14:32,490
Where you go inside,
and you find out

303
00:14:32,490 --> 00:14:36,430
that the whole universe is
represented inside of your sky.

304
00:14:36,430 --> 00:14:38,460
The whole universe
from this perspective

305
00:14:38,460 --> 00:14:40,980
is coded somehow in the psyche.

306
00:14:40,980 --> 00:14:45,730
It's available through
intrapsychic exploration.

307
00:14:45,730 --> 00:14:47,340
And this is of
course the essence

308
00:14:47,340 --> 00:14:49,320
of all the esoteric cultures.

309
00:14:49,320 --> 00:14:52,080
As above, so below.

310
00:14:52,080 --> 00:14:54,130
As without, so within.

311
00:14:54,130 --> 00:14:56,880
So each individual
is a microcosm

312
00:14:56,880 --> 00:15:01,770
that also contains
the whole macrocosm.

313
00:15:01,770 --> 00:15:04,980
>> In a society hypnotized by
scientific study with the use

314
00:15:04,980 --> 00:15:08,790
of external technologies,
exploration into the mysteries

315
00:15:08,790 --> 00:15:11,790
of the universe using
self-observation is seen

316
00:15:11,790 --> 00:15:14,870
as inaccurate and flimsy.

317
00:15:14,870 --> 00:15:18,740
Answers to our most timely
questions, such as who am I?

318
00:15:18,740 --> 00:15:20,090
Why am I here?

319
00:15:20,090 --> 00:15:21,600
And, what am I to do?

320
00:15:21,600 --> 00:15:24,260
Are given only the most
conservative answers like,

321
00:15:24,260 --> 00:15:25,370
we don't know.

322
00:15:25,370 --> 00:15:27,650
Or that gene hasn't
been found yet.

323
00:15:27,650 --> 00:15:30,050
Speculation is frowned upon.

324
00:15:30,050 --> 00:15:32,150
But psychedelic states
or natural highs

325
00:15:32,150 --> 00:15:35,330
seem to push the mind
into greater curiosity,

326
00:15:35,330 --> 00:15:38,990
expanded receptivity,
inner contemplation,

327
00:15:38,990 --> 00:15:40,850
and wild speculation.

328
00:15:40,850 --> 00:15:44,330
Those who seek altered
states of consciousness

329
00:15:44,330 --> 00:15:47,150
are not doing so to
get more of the same.

330
00:15:47,150 --> 00:15:50,030
They seek transformation.

331
00:15:50,030 --> 00:15:53,600
People of all walks of life go
to the blazing hot and dry lake

332
00:15:53,600 --> 00:15:56,870
bed of Black Rock City
for Burning Man one week

333
00:15:56,870 --> 00:15:58,310
out of every year--

334
00:15:58,310 --> 00:16:01,280
not to strengthen their
routines and habits,

335
00:16:01,280 --> 00:16:03,920
but to dismantle them
and see beyond the veil

336
00:16:03,920 --> 00:16:05,810
of their own making.

337
00:16:05,810 --> 00:16:08,930
In a society touted as being
almost completely consumer

338
00:16:08,930 --> 00:16:14,030
driven, people are left to use
plants, vacations, retreats,

339
00:16:14,030 --> 00:16:17,720
natural, and unfortunately
not-so-natural substances

340
00:16:17,720 --> 00:16:21,100
to shield their eyes and ears
from the onslaught of products

341
00:16:21,100 --> 00:16:24,250
and sales gimmicks.

342
00:16:24,250 --> 00:16:27,000
The Kogi people of
Columbia spend nine years

343
00:16:27,000 --> 00:16:29,100
of their formative
life in darkness

344
00:16:29,100 --> 00:16:33,170
in order to connect with what
they call cosmic consciousness.

345
00:16:33,170 --> 00:16:35,120
Egyptians had the pyramids.

346
00:16:35,120 --> 00:16:37,380
Romans used the catacombs.

347
00:16:37,380 --> 00:16:39,140
And even the Essenes
in Israel are

348
00:16:39,140 --> 00:16:42,740
reported to use extended
periods of darkness.

349
00:16:42,740 --> 00:16:46,070
All of this to remove the
shackles of limited thinking

350
00:16:46,070 --> 00:16:49,460
and liberate oneself from
the wheel of suffering.

351
00:16:49,460 --> 00:16:52,850
John Chavez, author of
"Questions for the Lion Tamer,"

352
00:16:52,850 --> 00:16:55,220
has pushed the speculative
envelope regarding

353
00:16:55,220 --> 00:16:59,420
the role of indigenous DMT
and telepathy, lucid dreaming,

354
00:16:59,420 --> 00:17:02,750
and the overall questions
of how much of our biology

355
00:17:02,750 --> 00:17:06,990
we can actually control
through thoughts and actions.

356
00:17:06,990 --> 00:17:09,690
Extended fasting leading
to years of inedia,

357
00:17:09,690 --> 00:17:13,140
or living without food, breath
practice leading to world

358
00:17:13,140 --> 00:17:16,319
records of 22 minutes
without oxygen,

359
00:17:16,319 --> 00:17:18,780
breaking the four-minute
mile when doctors said it was

360
00:17:18,780 --> 00:17:22,319
impossible, surviving
incurable diseases,

361
00:17:22,319 --> 00:17:25,950
unbelievable feats of
strength and willpower,

362
00:17:25,950 --> 00:17:28,950
all because the human
spirit seems to seek beyond

363
00:17:28,950 --> 00:17:34,840
conventions and restrictions
and mostly with purpose--

364
00:17:34,840 --> 00:17:41,510
to know thyself, not just
in theory but embodied.

365
00:17:41,510 --> 00:17:43,380
The psychonauts
that long to witness

366
00:17:43,380 --> 00:17:45,650
as much as they can on
this beautiful planet

367
00:17:45,650 --> 00:17:48,150
in these amazingly
mysterious bodies

368
00:17:48,150 --> 00:17:50,520
do so because the
greatest mystery of all

369
00:17:50,520 --> 00:17:53,580
is right around the
corner, and this life

370
00:17:53,580 --> 00:17:56,300
might be their only chance.

371
00:17:56,300 --> 00:17:59,510
What truly lies on the other
shore when this body dies

372
00:17:59,510 --> 00:18:00,950
is a mystery.

373
00:18:00,950 --> 00:18:02,510
But glimpses into
that world have

374
00:18:02,510 --> 00:18:06,460
been coming to light in the
form of near-death experiences.

375
00:18:06,460 --> 00:18:09,530
And the experience is far
closer to a psychedelic journey

376
00:18:09,530 --> 00:18:11,790
than one may think.

377
00:18:11,790 --> 00:18:14,600
>> Michael Sabom, the
cardiologist who studied his

378
00:18:14,600 --> 00:18:19,100
own patient-- he had a case
where they were operating

379
00:18:19,100 --> 00:18:22,670
for a tumor which was sitting
at the base of the skull.

380
00:18:22,670 --> 00:18:25,410
They had to freeze the patient.

381
00:18:25,410 --> 00:18:29,600
So there was not only no
cardiogram showing anything,

382
00:18:29,600 --> 00:18:32,180
but the EEG was flat.

383
00:18:32,180 --> 00:18:34,070
There was no brain activity.

384
00:18:34,070 --> 00:18:38,450
And yet from her they got
the most accurate perception

385
00:18:38,450 --> 00:18:41,060
of this out of body perception.

386
00:18:41,060 --> 00:18:43,520
She was able to describe
what they were doing.

387
00:18:43,520 --> 00:18:47,450
She drew the pictures of the
surgical instruments and so on.

388
00:18:47,450 --> 00:18:50,110


389
00:18:50,110 --> 00:18:53,320
And you know, this
happens with not just

390
00:18:53,320 --> 00:18:56,200
in these kinds of situations,
but all kinds of transpersonal

391
00:18:56,200 --> 00:19:01,330
experiences mediate sort
of extrasensory perception,

392
00:19:01,330 --> 00:19:08,461
becoming an animal, or
experiences from the past,

393
00:19:08,461 --> 00:19:12,730
from historical events,
visiting the mythological realms

394
00:19:12,730 --> 00:19:15,950
and having visions
from mythologies

395
00:19:15,950 --> 00:19:17,490
that you never studied.

396
00:19:17,490 --> 00:19:20,970
This is the Jungian idea of
the collective unconscious.

397
00:19:20,970 --> 00:19:24,870
It is all well-documented
in psychedelic research

398
00:19:24,870 --> 00:19:29,360
and confirmed by
holotropic breathwork.

399
00:19:29,360 --> 00:19:31,230
So these kinds of
things, you know,

400
00:19:31,230 --> 00:19:36,330
they ask for a radical revision
of psychiatry and psychology.

401
00:19:36,330 --> 00:19:40,550
The most basic metaphysical
assumptions are wrong.

402
00:19:40,550 --> 00:19:43,460
>> One in five people who
are resuscitated from cardiac

403
00:19:43,460 --> 00:19:47,240
arrest are reported to have
a near-death experience.

404
00:19:47,240 --> 00:19:48,950
Why would the process
of death bring

405
00:19:48,950 --> 00:19:51,710
on such similar experiences
to psychedelic states

406
00:19:51,710 --> 00:19:53,540
of consciousness?

407
00:19:53,540 --> 00:19:57,590
One study by Jimo Borjigin
at the University of Michigan

408
00:19:57,590 --> 00:20:00,590
has found that for about 30
seconds after rodent models'

409
00:20:00,590 --> 00:20:03,650
breathing and heart stopped,
their brains increased

410
00:20:03,650 --> 00:20:08,150
their neural activity, including
gamma waves in all of them.

411
00:20:08,150 --> 00:20:11,090
Oddly enough, the activity in
different parts of the brain

412
00:20:11,090 --> 00:20:13,290
became twice as
synchronized as when awake.

413
00:20:13,290 --> 00:20:15,890


414
00:20:15,890 --> 00:20:19,790
Cognitive Neuroscientists
John Kounios and Mark Beeman

415
00:20:19,790 --> 00:20:21,440
found in their
research that what

416
00:20:21,440 --> 00:20:23,960
we would term as
an aha moment has

417
00:20:23,960 --> 00:20:27,710
direct correlations with gamma
wave bursts in the brain.

418
00:20:27,710 --> 00:20:30,850
These bursts happen when
brain centers fire together

419
00:20:30,850 --> 00:20:33,560
that have never done
so before, giving rise

420
00:20:33,560 --> 00:20:37,820
to a newly integrated and
higher level of insight.

421
00:20:37,820 --> 00:20:41,090
One hypothesis popularized
by Dr. Rick Strassmann

422
00:20:41,090 --> 00:20:43,890
got the world thinking about
why the psychedelic compound

423
00:20:43,890 --> 00:20:48,700
DMT is produced in the body
and congregates in the brain.

424
00:20:48,700 --> 00:20:51,910
While the evidence of DMT being
released in dying brains is

425
00:20:51,910 --> 00:20:54,990
still in question, an
article published by Juan

426
00:20:54,990 --> 00:21:00,460
Acosta-Urquidi reports that
both 5-MeO and N,N-DMT caused

427
00:21:00,460 --> 00:21:03,250
widespread cortical
hyper-coherence in the gamma

428
00:21:03,250 --> 00:21:04,720
wave region.

429
00:21:04,720 --> 00:21:06,970
While this is not
definitive proof,

430
00:21:06,970 --> 00:21:09,040
Rick Strassmann gives
an insight as to why

431
00:21:09,040 --> 00:21:11,890
dying brains might release DMT.

432
00:21:11,890 --> 00:21:14,530
>> To protect the
body, number one,

433
00:21:14,530 --> 00:21:21,490
and to kind of begin the
movement of consciousness out

434
00:21:21,490 --> 00:21:29,260
of a more body-grounded state,
which occurs when you take DMT,

435
00:21:29,260 --> 00:21:32,500
is you lose awareness
of your body.

436
00:21:32,500 --> 00:21:35,500
So I think it would
be protective.

437
00:21:35,500 --> 00:21:37,540
There are some data
from Hungary which

438
00:21:37,540 --> 00:21:41,530
indicate that DMT
is what is called,

439
00:21:41,530 --> 00:21:45,430
you know, neuroprotective
in conditions of low levels

440
00:21:45,430 --> 00:21:47,570
of oxygen in the brain.

441
00:21:47,570 --> 00:21:52,120
Which means that if
you're not providing

442
00:21:52,120 --> 00:21:57,370
your brain with enough oxygen,
your nerve cells begin to die.

443
00:21:57,370 --> 00:22:02,650
And DMT seems to
inhibit the bad effect

444
00:22:02,650 --> 00:22:06,670
of a low level of oxygen.
It protects the brain

445
00:22:06,670 --> 00:22:09,310
against low oxygen levels.

446
00:22:09,310 --> 00:22:12,430
And that's why the
DMT theoretically

447
00:22:12,430 --> 00:22:15,410
is being released.

448
00:22:15,410 --> 00:22:22,050
So it would be important to
demonstrate that either DMT is

449
00:22:22,050 --> 00:22:25,320
increased by stress.

450
00:22:25,320 --> 00:22:28,700
Or if you could demonstrate
that DMT was increased

451
00:22:28,700 --> 00:22:35,100
at the time of death, then it
would be a pretty good picture

452
00:22:35,100 --> 00:22:36,510
that would be completed.

453
00:22:36,510 --> 00:22:40,250
You would have the low
oxygen, which is a stress.

454
00:22:40,250 --> 00:22:42,300
And if that increased
DMT, then you'd

455
00:22:42,300 --> 00:22:45,020
have more DMT around
to help with respect

456
00:22:45,020 --> 00:22:48,530
to neuroprotection.

457
00:22:48,530 --> 00:22:51,530
>> While Chemist and Psychedelic
Researcher David Nichols does

458
00:22:51,530 --> 00:22:54,380
not believe DMT is the most
important chemical that is

459
00:22:54,380 --> 00:22:58,160
present at the time of death, he
does express the neurochemical

460
00:22:58,160 --> 00:23:00,740
dump that the brain
produces during high stress

461
00:23:00,740 --> 00:23:02,750
and near-death experiences.

462
00:23:02,750 --> 00:23:05,390
>> That was a topic that I
addressed at the Breaking

463
00:23:05,390 --> 00:23:07,490
Convention talk recently.

464
00:23:07,490 --> 00:23:09,560
And it was interesting
because one of the people

465
00:23:09,560 --> 00:23:11,710
there was named Jimo Borjigin.

466
00:23:11,710 --> 00:23:15,200
She is at University of
Michigan Medical School.

467
00:23:15,200 --> 00:23:16,670
They looked at
brain transmitters.

468
00:23:16,670 --> 00:23:21,944
And what they said was when you
cause cardiac arrest, you get--

469
00:23:21,944 --> 00:23:22,860
and this is her word--

470
00:23:22,860 --> 00:23:25,330
a brain storm of chemicals.

471
00:23:25,330 --> 00:23:30,780
She saw dramatic increases
in norepinephrine, dopamine,

472
00:23:30,780 --> 00:23:32,420
serotonin release.

473
00:23:32,420 --> 00:23:34,670
And that may be actually
what's driving the increased

474
00:23:34,670 --> 00:23:37,160
activation, the EEG coherence.

475
00:23:37,160 --> 00:23:41,970
But then what I said was,
well, in addition to that,

476
00:23:41,970 --> 00:23:44,810
we know that under
times of stress, people,

477
00:23:44,810 --> 00:23:47,900
their brains
generate endorphins,

478
00:23:47,900 --> 00:23:50,720
endogenous
morphine-like compounds.

479
00:23:50,720 --> 00:23:53,900
So people that, say they're
long-distance runners,

480
00:23:53,900 --> 00:23:58,010
it's well known that they
run, and run, and run,

481
00:23:58,010 --> 00:24:00,470
and they get to a
point where it becomes

482
00:24:00,470 --> 00:24:01,920
too painful to run any further.

483
00:24:01,920 --> 00:24:04,520
And then they get a second
wind and they keep going.

484
00:24:04,520 --> 00:24:06,230
That's actually
releasing endorphins.

485
00:24:06,230 --> 00:24:09,160
So now you've got increased
norepinephrine, increased

486
00:24:09,160 --> 00:24:12,120
serotonin, increased
dopamine, probably increased

487
00:24:12,120 --> 00:24:14,360
dynorphin release,
other enkephalins,

488
00:24:14,360 --> 00:24:15,440
increased glutamate.

489
00:24:15,440 --> 00:24:18,860
You've got this whole literally
brainstorm of chemicals.

490
00:24:18,860 --> 00:24:22,340
Why do you need to talk
about traces of DMT?

491
00:24:22,340 --> 00:24:25,590
You know, it doesn't
make any sense.

492
00:24:25,590 --> 00:24:27,530
So that was an
argument I presented.

493
00:24:27,530 --> 00:24:28,984
We don't need to
invoke something

494
00:24:28,984 --> 00:24:30,650
where it is just
speculation, when we've

495
00:24:30,650 --> 00:24:32,630
got all these things
that we know happen,

496
00:24:32,630 --> 00:24:36,730
that we know are released, that
we know are neurotransmitters.

497
00:24:36,730 --> 00:24:39,850
>> Perhaps psychonauts often
speculate about what is not yet

498
00:24:39,850 --> 00:24:44,770
proven because this is merely
the collective genius at work.

499
00:24:44,770 --> 00:24:47,500
Theories are proven
and disproven daily,

500
00:24:47,500 --> 00:24:50,200
and some are resurrected
for further review.

501
00:24:50,200 --> 00:24:52,810
Most people prior to
the early modern period

502
00:24:52,810 --> 00:24:54,550
believed that the
stars and planets

503
00:24:54,550 --> 00:24:56,350
revolved around the Earth.

504
00:24:56,350 --> 00:24:58,690
Most people more than
a few centuries ago

505
00:24:58,690 --> 00:25:01,780
knew nothing of
what microbes were.

506
00:25:01,780 --> 00:25:04,030
50 years ago, we
had no knowledge

507
00:25:04,030 --> 00:25:06,370
that the human body could
produce the most radical

508
00:25:06,370 --> 00:25:07,960
psychedelic compound.

509
00:25:07,960 --> 00:25:10,120
And 50 years from
now, we'll likely

510
00:25:10,120 --> 00:25:13,120
know much more than we
could ever dream of today.

511
00:25:13,120 --> 00:25:15,250
Speculation should
never supersede

512
00:25:15,250 --> 00:25:16,810
the scientific method.

513
00:25:16,810 --> 00:25:20,440
Yet Einstein reportedly arrived
at his most amazing discovery

514
00:25:20,440 --> 00:25:25,720
in the relaxing mind frame
of a shower, not the lab.

515
00:25:25,720 --> 00:25:27,940
Steve Jobs says
psychedelics gave him

516
00:25:27,940 --> 00:25:32,290
one of the most important
moments of his life.

517
00:25:32,290 --> 00:25:36,250
And co-discoverer of the DNA
double helix, Francis Crick,

518
00:25:36,250 --> 00:25:38,110
was on a mild
psychedelic journey

519
00:25:38,110 --> 00:25:40,840
when he made his discovery.

520
00:25:40,840 --> 00:25:44,050
And whether or not DMT is
the prime neurotransmitter

521
00:25:44,050 --> 00:25:46,540
during near-death
experiences, even what

522
00:25:46,540 --> 00:25:49,720
Dr. Nichols' reports shows
just how incredible it

523
00:25:49,720 --> 00:25:53,140
is to have a pharmacy just
beneath our skin that floods

524
00:25:53,140 --> 00:25:55,420
the body with mind
altering substances

525
00:25:55,420 --> 00:25:58,480
in the presence of
high stress situations.

526
00:25:58,480 --> 00:26:01,990
In 1990, Dr. Kasamatsu
and Dr. Hirai

527
00:26:01,990 --> 00:26:04,720
conducted a study on a
group of Buddhist monks

528
00:26:04,720 --> 00:26:07,210
in which they took a
three-day voyage to a mountain

529
00:26:07,210 --> 00:26:10,580
in extreme cold
weather, no food, water,

530
00:26:10,580 --> 00:26:13,480
or communication of any kind.

531
00:26:13,480 --> 00:26:16,630
After the second day, the
monks began seeing and feeling

532
00:26:16,630 --> 00:26:20,980
the presence of ancestors
and other beings.

533
00:26:20,980 --> 00:26:23,380
It was found that increased
amounts of serotonin

534
00:26:23,380 --> 00:26:25,210
began flooding the brain.

535
00:26:25,210 --> 00:26:29,050
Serotonin is exactly
what psychedelics mimic.

536
00:26:29,050 --> 00:26:32,080
Even a modern rendition
of Tibetan tummo yoga

537
00:26:32,080 --> 00:26:35,830
has been crafted by Wim
Hof in the Netherlands.

538
00:26:35,830 --> 00:26:38,590
His breathing method has
created much of a buzz

539
00:26:38,590 --> 00:26:40,720
because it has been
scientifically shown

540
00:26:40,720 --> 00:26:42,880
that he can withstand
submerging himself up

541
00:26:42,880 --> 00:26:44,740
to his neck in ice
water for eight

542
00:26:44,740 --> 00:26:47,590
hours with perfect alertness
and core temperature that

543
00:26:47,590 --> 00:26:51,730
not only stabilized, but even
increased during the test.

544
00:26:51,730 --> 00:26:54,400
This breathing technique has
been shown to dramatically

545
00:26:54,400 --> 00:26:57,340
boost immunity in the face
of E. coli infections,

546
00:26:57,340 --> 00:26:59,420
for himself and his students.

547
00:26:59,420 --> 00:27:01,490
>> You feel the
adaptation right on.

548
00:27:01,490 --> 00:27:02,290
I can see it.

549
00:27:02,290 --> 00:27:07,160


550
00:27:07,160 --> 00:27:09,595
[BREATHING]

551
00:27:09,595 --> 00:27:10,569
That's good.

552
00:27:10,569 --> 00:27:15,440
Now you can look at
it, contemplate on it.

553
00:27:15,440 --> 00:27:17,570
>> As well as produce
experiences that have been

554
00:27:17,570 --> 00:27:22,220
explained as nearly identical
to psilocybin mushrooms, or DMT,

555
00:27:22,220 --> 00:27:24,950
could it be possible that
these substance-free methods

556
00:27:24,950 --> 00:27:28,130
of dumping neurochemical
cocktails into the system are

557
00:27:28,130 --> 00:27:32,330
not simply ways to get high,
but that normal consciousness is

558
00:27:32,330 --> 00:27:36,140
filtered heavily by our default
brain activity and that these

559
00:27:36,140 --> 00:27:39,710
practices and their ensuing
neurotransmitters unlock that

560
00:27:39,710 --> 00:27:43,730
filter, allowing for us to see
and feel more of the real world

561
00:27:43,730 --> 00:27:45,890
that exists all around us?

562
00:27:45,890 --> 00:27:48,050
Is this what yogis
and mystics alike

563
00:27:48,050 --> 00:27:50,840
have been seeking with spiritual
practices for thousands

564
00:27:50,840 --> 00:27:56,450
of years, the soma within or
divine ambrosia in the body?

565
00:27:56,450 --> 00:27:58,960
Perhaps it's important
to ask ourselves,

566
00:27:58,960 --> 00:28:02,950
once the astonishment of states
of psychedelica are not so new,

567
00:28:02,950 --> 00:28:05,210
then what is the point?

568
00:28:05,210 --> 00:28:08,180
Is it to see visuals
and feel peculiar?

569
00:28:08,180 --> 00:28:11,180
Or are those merely the
sensations associated

570
00:28:11,180 --> 00:28:13,100
with stepping out of
the conventional box

571
00:28:13,100 --> 00:28:17,000
of consciousness in order to
access more of what we truly

572
00:28:17,000 --> 00:28:21,350
are, what we are truly meant
to witness in this life?

573
00:28:21,350 --> 00:28:24,830
Perhaps this is the real
purpose of psychedelic plants,

574
00:28:24,830 --> 00:28:27,740
not simply to use
substances to tune out,

575
00:28:27,740 --> 00:28:30,980
but to move past the temporary
tickle of the body and peek

576
00:28:30,980 --> 00:28:34,520
beyond the veil of illusion.

577
00:28:34,520 --> 00:28:38,090
For when the top-down opinions
and the rhetoric of culture

578
00:28:38,090 --> 00:28:42,380
are carefully examined,
all that is left to do

579
00:28:42,380 --> 00:28:44,900
is to remain open to love.

580
00:28:44,900 --> 00:28:47,210
What happens when the
mind becomes still

581
00:28:47,210 --> 00:28:51,230
in the knowledge that you are
the real and only medicine

582
00:28:51,230 --> 00:28:54,180
that this beautiful
planet needs?

583
00:28:54,180 --> 00:29:00,010
There is only one way to find
out, and that way is within.

584
00:29:00,010 --> 00:29:12,534