1 00:00:00,576 --> 00:00:03,909 (rousing martial music) 2 00:00:29,986 --> 00:00:32,569 Inhabitants of Canada, 3 00:00:34,490 --> 00:00:38,657 the army under my command has invaded your country. 4 00:00:43,685 --> 00:00:47,852 United States offers you peace, liberty, and security. 5 00:00:51,535 --> 00:00:54,704 Your choice lies between these and war, 6 00:00:54,704 --> 00:00:56,704 slavery and destruction. 7 00:01:00,186 --> 00:01:01,019 We are engaged 8 00:01:01,019 --> 00:01:04,587 in an awful and eventful contest. 9 00:01:04,587 --> 00:01:07,504 We may teach the enemy this lesson. 10 00:01:09,419 --> 00:01:11,690 That a country defended by free men, 11 00:01:11,690 --> 00:01:13,358 enthusiastically devoted to the cause 12 00:01:13,358 --> 00:01:17,525 of their king and constitution can never be conquered. 13 00:01:19,452 --> 00:01:23,202 Prepare to receive the Americans. 14 00:01:25,565 --> 00:01:26,907 Fire! 15 00:01:26,907 --> 00:01:30,574 (yelling and rifles firing) 16 00:01:33,157 --> 00:01:35,240 The Americans. 17 00:01:37,806 --> 00:01:39,864 We know them to have always been the enemy 18 00:01:39,864 --> 00:01:42,031 of the aboriginal nations. 19 00:01:46,281 --> 00:01:49,203 We shall participate in a show to victory 20 00:01:49,203 --> 00:01:50,370 or in a grave. 21 00:01:52,712 --> 00:01:54,266 Fire! 22 00:01:54,266 --> 00:01:56,933 (cannon firing) 23 00:01:58,354 --> 00:02:02,021 (swelling, inspiring music) 24 00:02:40,735 --> 00:02:42,566 At the dawn of the 19th century, 25 00:02:42,566 --> 00:02:45,236 in Canada, there is an unmistakable sense 26 00:02:45,236 --> 00:02:47,236 that war is approaching. 27 00:02:51,744 --> 00:02:54,555 In 1812, the world's great power 28 00:02:54,555 --> 00:02:56,871 look upon Canada as a prize. 29 00:02:56,871 --> 00:03:01,038 A land of limitless resources and unparalleled potential. 30 00:03:02,874 --> 00:03:04,822 The territory is Great Britain's. 31 00:03:04,822 --> 00:03:06,097 A crucial source of timber 32 00:03:06,097 --> 00:03:09,180 to build the ships of the Royal Navy. 33 00:03:13,101 --> 00:03:17,268 Canada is the largest outpost of the British Empire. 34 00:03:21,799 --> 00:03:23,965 The American neighbors to the south 35 00:03:23,965 --> 00:03:27,382 covet Canada's vast reserves of farmland. 36 00:03:32,645 --> 00:03:34,883 Many Americans believe it is their destiny 37 00:03:34,883 --> 00:03:38,966 to control the entire continent of North America. 38 00:03:41,539 --> 00:03:44,706 (military drums beat) 39 00:03:45,581 --> 00:03:48,323 That the United States should seize Canada 40 00:03:48,323 --> 00:03:52,065 is a logical first step to that destiny. 41 00:03:52,065 --> 00:03:54,886 "Declare, O Muse! in what ill-fated hour 42 00:03:54,886 --> 00:03:59,053 "Sprung the fierce strife, from what offended power." 43 00:04:00,326 --> 00:04:01,519 A leading role in the defense 44 00:04:01,519 --> 00:04:03,394 of Canada would be played by a general 45 00:04:03,394 --> 00:04:06,563 with a taste for history and poetry, 46 00:04:06,563 --> 00:04:09,797 for epic stories of ancient heroism. 47 00:04:09,797 --> 00:04:13,502 The letters of Isaac Brock foretell a titanic struggle, 48 00:04:13,502 --> 00:04:15,300 of his own role in it. 49 00:04:15,300 --> 00:04:16,894 I wish you would send me some choice authors 50 00:04:16,894 --> 00:04:19,246 in history, particularly ancient with maps 51 00:04:19,246 --> 00:04:22,097 and the best translations of ancient works. 52 00:04:22,097 --> 00:04:24,374 I read in my youth Pope's translation of Homer, 53 00:04:24,374 --> 00:04:28,541 but too lately never discovered its exquisite beauties. 54 00:04:33,539 --> 00:04:36,223 "Now on the field Ulysses stands alone, 55 00:04:36,223 --> 00:04:40,391 "The Greeks all fled, the Trojans pouring on: 56 00:04:40,391 --> 00:04:43,278 "But stands collected in himself and whole, 57 00:04:43,278 --> 00:04:46,695 "And questions thus his unconquer'd soul: 58 00:04:49,391 --> 00:04:52,692 "To die, or conquer, proves a hero's heart, 59 00:04:52,692 --> 00:04:56,442 "and, knowing this, I know a soldier's part." 60 00:05:03,476 --> 00:05:05,864 (birds cawing) 61 00:05:05,864 --> 00:05:07,018 General Brock was born 62 00:05:07,018 --> 00:05:09,279 in the British Channel island of Guernsey 63 00:05:09,279 --> 00:05:11,279 off the coast of France. 64 00:05:15,717 --> 00:05:18,682 He is brought up to be fluent in English, French, 65 00:05:18,682 --> 00:05:20,555 and the art of war. 66 00:05:20,555 --> 00:05:23,722 (epic majestic music) 67 00:05:27,612 --> 00:05:29,838 At Saint Peter's where the Brock family has worshiped 68 00:05:29,838 --> 00:05:34,132 for generations, he is remembered as one of 14 children. 69 00:05:34,132 --> 00:05:37,299 The one given the Biblical name Isaac. 70 00:05:42,318 --> 00:05:46,485 For Isaac Brock, the notions of king and country come early. 71 00:05:51,090 --> 00:05:53,819 In 1802 after service in Europe, 72 00:05:53,819 --> 00:05:57,711 Isaac Brock sails off to find his glory in the British army, 73 00:05:57,711 --> 00:06:00,861 dispatched to hold the last remaining British territories 74 00:06:00,861 --> 00:06:02,278 in North America. 75 00:06:07,436 --> 00:06:10,534 Early letters home reflect a pleasure in his new command, 76 00:06:10,534 --> 00:06:14,026 but a restlessness in a country not yet at war. 77 00:06:14,026 --> 00:06:16,247 We've been uncommonly gay the last fortnight. 78 00:06:16,247 --> 00:06:18,919 Races, country and water parties have occupied our time 79 00:06:18,919 --> 00:06:21,138 in a continued round of festivity. 80 00:06:21,138 --> 00:06:22,567 Such stimulus is highly necessary 81 00:06:22,567 --> 00:06:24,817 to keep our spirits afloat. 82 00:06:25,787 --> 00:06:28,434 (horses hooves clatter) 83 00:06:28,434 --> 00:06:29,906 I have a thousand thanks to offer you. 84 00:06:29,906 --> 00:06:33,178 The different articles arrived in the very best order. 85 00:06:33,178 --> 00:06:34,813 With the exception of the cocked hat 86 00:06:34,813 --> 00:06:36,422 which has not been received. 87 00:06:36,422 --> 00:06:38,940 A most distressing circumstance as, 88 00:06:38,940 --> 00:06:40,482 from the enormity of my head, 89 00:06:40,482 --> 00:06:42,016 I find the utmost difficulty in getting 90 00:06:42,016 --> 00:06:44,433 a substitute in this country. 91 00:06:47,553 --> 00:06:50,016 In 1812, Brock's command encompasses 92 00:06:50,016 --> 00:06:52,852 the immense territory of Upper Canada 93 00:06:52,852 --> 00:06:55,602 with a population of only 80,000: 94 00:06:57,003 --> 00:07:00,159 the people of the First Nations, European settlers, 95 00:07:00,159 --> 00:07:03,492 and exiles from the American Revolution. 96 00:07:06,152 --> 00:07:09,118 If war comes, no one is sure on which side 97 00:07:09,118 --> 00:07:11,035 any of them will fight. 98 00:07:16,170 --> 00:07:18,812 In the 25 years since the American Revolution, 99 00:07:18,812 --> 00:07:22,979 the United States is prospering and growing rapidly. 100 00:07:25,627 --> 00:07:27,925 The U.S. Congress now represents a nation 101 00:07:27,925 --> 00:07:30,592 seven and a half million strong. 102 00:07:32,328 --> 00:07:33,948 The spirit of the republic is captured 103 00:07:33,948 --> 00:07:36,816 by a rising generation of military officers. 104 00:07:36,816 --> 00:07:39,246 Men like Winfield Scott. 105 00:07:39,246 --> 00:07:43,353 The young soldier had heard the bugle and the drum. 106 00:07:43,353 --> 00:07:46,436 It was the music that awoke ambition. 107 00:07:52,198 --> 00:07:54,314 In Europe, England and France 108 00:07:54,314 --> 00:07:56,147 are once again at war. 109 00:07:58,387 --> 00:08:00,759 Throughout the Continent, massive armies clash 110 00:08:00,759 --> 00:08:02,842 in a continuous struggle. 111 00:08:07,485 --> 00:08:10,478 One advantage England maintains is unchallenged 112 00:08:10,478 --> 00:08:12,395 domination of the seas. 113 00:08:13,759 --> 00:08:16,502 British ships are able to blockade European ports 114 00:08:16,502 --> 00:08:18,982 to starve Napoleon of supplies. 115 00:08:18,982 --> 00:08:22,732 But at sea, the British make a fateful error. 116 00:08:24,298 --> 00:08:27,374 The British constantly stop and search American ships. 117 00:08:27,374 --> 00:08:29,711 Not only to enforce the trade blockade, 118 00:08:29,711 --> 00:08:31,251 but to seize American sailors 119 00:08:31,251 --> 00:08:34,838 and force them into the British navy. 120 00:08:34,838 --> 00:08:38,338 The British declare the men are deserters. 121 00:08:40,053 --> 00:08:42,479 In 1812, the United States issues 122 00:08:42,479 --> 00:08:45,072 an ultimatum to Great Britain. 123 00:08:45,072 --> 00:08:46,944 If the naval harassment of American shipping 124 00:08:46,944 --> 00:08:50,944 does not stop, the United States will go to war. 125 00:08:53,816 --> 00:08:54,927 The British government does not take 126 00:08:54,927 --> 00:08:57,427 the American threat seriously. 127 00:08:59,300 --> 00:09:01,589 (soldiers chattering) 128 00:09:01,589 --> 00:09:04,961 In Canada, General Brock is not so sure. 129 00:09:04,961 --> 00:09:06,038 What will be the result 130 00:09:06,038 --> 00:09:07,049 of our present unsettled relations 131 00:09:07,049 --> 00:09:10,200 with the neighboring republic, it is very difficult to say. 132 00:09:10,200 --> 00:09:13,059 The government is composed of such unprincipled men 133 00:09:13,059 --> 00:09:14,454 that to calculate on it by the ordinary rules 134 00:09:14,454 --> 00:09:16,723 of action would be perfectly absurd. 135 00:09:16,723 --> 00:09:20,140 (colonial martial music) 136 00:09:31,712 --> 00:09:33,284 In war with the United States, 137 00:09:33,284 --> 00:09:34,667 Britain's most vulnerable point 138 00:09:34,667 --> 00:09:37,827 is their vast territory in Canada. 139 00:09:37,827 --> 00:09:39,154 Most of England's forces are committed 140 00:09:39,154 --> 00:09:40,838 to the battles in Europe. 141 00:09:40,838 --> 00:09:45,005 There are few to spare for garrison duty in North America. 142 00:09:47,413 --> 00:09:51,420 To defend over 600,000 square miles of land, 143 00:09:51,420 --> 00:09:56,285 there are fewer than 9,000 British and Canadian regulars. 144 00:09:56,285 --> 00:09:58,035 All out for parade. 145 00:09:59,770 --> 00:10:01,681 At the forts in Upper Canada, 146 00:10:01,681 --> 00:10:04,138 there are only 1,700 troops to protect 147 00:10:04,138 --> 00:10:08,305 nearly 1,000 miles of border with the United States. 148 00:10:12,010 --> 00:10:13,752 General Brock has been pleading with London 149 00:10:13,752 --> 00:10:16,502 for more troops, but to no avail. 150 00:10:22,543 --> 00:10:25,960 (simple, peaceful music) 151 00:10:28,269 --> 00:10:32,388 As war nears, British reinforcements are not forthcoming. 152 00:10:32,388 --> 00:10:36,529 Brock is forced to turn elsewhere for support. 153 00:10:36,529 --> 00:10:38,003 He needs to reawaken an alliance 154 00:10:38,003 --> 00:10:41,017 with England's oldest partners in North America. 155 00:10:41,017 --> 00:10:42,517 The First Nations. 156 00:10:43,705 --> 00:10:47,943 To do so, he must overcome suspicion and distrust. 157 00:10:47,943 --> 00:10:50,740 Many native chiefs in Canada see the British 158 00:10:50,740 --> 00:10:52,740 as fair weather friends. 159 00:10:56,782 --> 00:11:01,039 Mohawk war chief John Norton was educated in Scotland 160 00:11:01,039 --> 00:11:03,708 and kept a detailed journal. 161 00:11:03,708 --> 00:11:06,681 Experience has convinced us of their neglect 162 00:11:06,681 --> 00:11:09,146 except when they want us. 163 00:11:09,146 --> 00:11:11,584 Why should we endanger the comfort, even the existence 164 00:11:11,584 --> 00:11:14,906 of our families to enjoy their smiles 165 00:11:14,906 --> 00:11:16,823 only when they need us? 166 00:11:18,166 --> 00:11:22,083 (singing accompanied by drums) 167 00:11:23,127 --> 00:11:24,417 One key native leader 168 00:11:24,417 --> 00:11:26,834 sees things very differently. 169 00:11:30,819 --> 00:11:33,794 The Shawnee war chief Tecumseh has traveled 170 00:11:33,794 --> 00:11:36,724 thousands of miles around North America, 171 00:11:36,724 --> 00:11:38,645 pleading with other First Nations to unite 172 00:11:38,645 --> 00:11:40,478 against the Americans. 173 00:11:47,396 --> 00:11:50,139 Tecumseh sees no other way to stop illegal seizure 174 00:11:50,139 --> 00:11:53,694 of Indian land by the United States. 175 00:11:53,694 --> 00:11:57,861 At first they asked only for land sufficient for a wigwam, 176 00:11:59,398 --> 00:12:02,098 but nothing now will satisfy them 177 00:12:02,098 --> 00:12:04,569 but the whole of our hunting grounds 178 00:12:04,569 --> 00:12:07,486 from the rising to the setting sun. 179 00:12:13,830 --> 00:12:15,299 General Brock despaired that he might 180 00:12:15,299 --> 00:12:19,466 ever conclude a useful alliance with the native leaders. 181 00:12:20,816 --> 00:12:23,399 That changed in the summer of 1812 182 00:12:23,399 --> 00:12:25,800 when he met Tecumseh for the first time 183 00:12:25,800 --> 00:12:29,478 at his forward headquarters in Amherstburg, Upper Canada. 184 00:12:29,478 --> 00:12:32,537 I'm proud to greet such a powerful ally. 185 00:12:32,537 --> 00:12:33,370 Welcome, Tecumseh. 186 00:12:33,370 --> 00:12:36,370 (hushed chattering) 187 00:12:43,776 --> 00:12:44,746 All in attendance recorded 188 00:12:44,746 --> 00:12:48,913 that Brock was astonished by the eloquence of Tecumseh. 189 00:12:50,245 --> 00:12:52,913 We, your Indian allies, are overjoyed 190 00:12:52,913 --> 00:12:56,302 that our father beyond the great salt lake, the king, 191 00:12:56,302 --> 00:12:59,118 has at last awoke from his long sleep 192 00:12:59,118 --> 00:13:01,621 and permitted his warriors to come to the assistance 193 00:13:01,621 --> 00:13:03,990 of his red children. 194 00:13:03,990 --> 00:13:06,785 The Americans came on us suddenly 195 00:13:06,785 --> 00:13:10,917 and destroyed our villages and slew our warriors. 196 00:13:10,917 --> 00:13:13,858 They came to us hungry and they cut off the hands 197 00:13:13,858 --> 00:13:16,671 of our brothers who gave them corn. 198 00:13:16,671 --> 00:13:18,791 We offered them rivers of fish 199 00:13:18,791 --> 00:13:21,199 and they poisoned our springs. 200 00:13:21,199 --> 00:13:23,492 We gave them mountains covered with forests, 201 00:13:23,492 --> 00:13:27,946 valleys full of game, and what did they give us in return? 202 00:13:27,946 --> 00:13:30,196 Rum, trinkets, and a grave. 203 00:13:33,035 --> 00:13:35,769 On our part, we will shed the last drop of blood 204 00:13:35,769 --> 00:13:38,686 in service of our father, the king. 205 00:13:40,409 --> 00:13:41,826 The king. 206 00:13:44,576 --> 00:13:45,949 The native leaders were, in turn, 207 00:13:45,949 --> 00:13:47,731 impressed by General Brock. 208 00:13:47,731 --> 00:13:49,887 The decisive manner in which General Brock 209 00:13:49,887 --> 00:13:53,345 spoke and acted was a very favorable feature. 210 00:13:53,345 --> 00:13:57,512 He was a man of discernment, candor, and rectitude. 211 00:14:00,032 --> 00:14:02,095 At this meeting, General Brock makes 212 00:14:02,095 --> 00:14:06,275 a solemn undertaking on behalf of His Majesty's government. 213 00:14:06,275 --> 00:14:07,963 If the native people join with the British 214 00:14:07,963 --> 00:14:11,488 to save Canada, the British will support their demand 215 00:14:11,488 --> 00:14:15,655 for an independent native country in North America. 216 00:14:17,632 --> 00:14:19,451 Brock wrote to the British government 217 00:14:19,451 --> 00:14:22,723 to underline the importance of the commitment. 218 00:14:22,723 --> 00:14:24,521 I have already been asked to pledge my word 219 00:14:24,521 --> 00:14:26,584 that England would enter into no negotiation 220 00:14:26,584 --> 00:14:28,727 in which their interest were not included. 221 00:14:28,727 --> 00:14:29,867 And could they be brought to imagine 222 00:14:29,867 --> 00:14:34,794 that we would desert them, the consequences must be fatal. 223 00:14:34,794 --> 00:14:37,794 (a capella singing) 224 00:14:48,628 --> 00:14:51,333 Only if we unite against the Long Knives 225 00:14:51,333 --> 00:14:53,409 can we prevail. 226 00:14:53,409 --> 00:14:57,576 Only then will the Maker of Light help us in our cause. 227 00:14:58,977 --> 00:15:01,017 War is coming between the Long Knives 228 00:15:01,017 --> 00:15:03,380 and our British father. 229 00:15:03,380 --> 00:15:07,523 If we side with the British in the coming battles, 230 00:15:07,523 --> 00:15:09,606 we will gain our country. 231 00:15:18,013 --> 00:15:21,426 In Washington, war fever is now rampant. 232 00:15:21,426 --> 00:15:23,287 Ignited by leaders such as former president, 233 00:15:23,287 --> 00:15:25,445 Thomas Jefferson. 234 00:15:25,445 --> 00:15:27,224 He declares that the capture of Canada 235 00:15:27,224 --> 00:15:30,375 will be a mere matter of marching. 236 00:15:30,375 --> 00:15:33,991 Those for war are called War Hawks. 237 00:15:33,991 --> 00:15:37,708 Their Republican leader in Congress, Henry Clay declares, 238 00:15:37,708 --> 00:15:40,495 "We have the Canadas as much under our command 239 00:15:40,495 --> 00:15:42,951 "as Great Britain has the ocean. 240 00:15:42,951 --> 00:15:45,161 "I would take the whole continent from them. 241 00:15:45,161 --> 00:15:48,030 "God has given us the power." 242 00:15:48,030 --> 00:15:50,134 Richard Johnson of Kentucky declares, 243 00:15:50,134 --> 00:15:54,301 "The conquest of Canada is part of America's destiny." 244 00:15:55,580 --> 00:15:58,786 ("The Battle Hymn of the Republic") 245 00:15:58,786 --> 00:16:01,266 Andrew Jackson, who will play a fateful role in the war 246 00:16:01,266 --> 00:16:03,766 stakes out America's position. 247 00:16:04,860 --> 00:16:07,366 We are going to fight for the reestablishment 248 00:16:07,366 --> 00:16:09,533 of our national character, 249 00:16:10,641 --> 00:16:13,813 for the protection of our maritime citizens 250 00:16:13,813 --> 00:16:17,251 impressed onboard British ships of war, 251 00:16:17,251 --> 00:16:21,579 to vindicate our right to free trade now perishing, 252 00:16:21,579 --> 00:16:25,746 and to settle once and for all the Indian question 253 00:16:27,351 --> 00:16:30,923 by the conquest of all of the British dominions 254 00:16:30,923 --> 00:16:33,923 upon the continent of North America. 255 00:16:38,822 --> 00:16:41,288 June 18, 1812. 256 00:16:41,288 --> 00:16:43,404 The United States officially declares war 257 00:16:43,404 --> 00:16:45,237 against Great Britain. 258 00:16:47,480 --> 00:16:49,691 The news travels north by voyageur, 259 00:16:49,691 --> 00:16:53,968 taking a week to reach Canada's capital at Fortress Quebec. 260 00:16:53,968 --> 00:16:56,773 The event is captured in the diary of Anne Prevost, 261 00:16:56,773 --> 00:16:58,856 daughter of the governor. 262 00:16:59,789 --> 00:17:01,911 June 25. 263 00:17:01,911 --> 00:17:03,751 I was summoned in the midst of my French lesson 264 00:17:03,751 --> 00:17:07,329 to hear some news that had arrived. 265 00:17:07,329 --> 00:17:10,746 America has declared war against England. 266 00:17:12,679 --> 00:17:15,990 The principle object of the government of the United States 267 00:17:15,990 --> 00:17:18,573 must be the conquest of Canada. 268 00:17:19,484 --> 00:17:21,081 Mr. Madison flatters himself. 269 00:17:21,081 --> 00:17:23,610 He has just seized the fortunate moment 270 00:17:23,610 --> 00:17:27,777 when he might pluck the jewel out of England's crown. 271 00:17:33,832 --> 00:17:35,342 Canada's commander in chief, 272 00:17:35,342 --> 00:17:38,432 Sir George Prevost, is a cautious man. 273 00:17:38,432 --> 00:17:40,593 Realizing his precarious position, 274 00:17:40,593 --> 00:17:43,363 he now wants to avoid provoking the Americans. 275 00:17:43,363 --> 00:17:46,049 Prevost immediately dispatches orders to General Brock 276 00:17:46,049 --> 00:17:50,216 in Upper Canada to avoid any offensive measures whatsoever. 277 00:17:52,454 --> 00:17:56,110 Our numbers would not justify offensive operations 278 00:17:56,110 --> 00:17:59,144 being undertaken unless they were solely calculated 279 00:17:59,144 --> 00:18:02,332 to strike in a defensive attitude. 280 00:18:02,332 --> 00:18:04,983 I consider it prudent and politic to avoid 281 00:18:04,983 --> 00:18:09,150 any such measures which, in effect, have a tendency 282 00:18:10,255 --> 00:18:14,153 to unite the people of the American states. 283 00:18:14,153 --> 00:18:16,903 (razor scraping) 284 00:18:22,000 --> 00:18:23,389 The first effect of the American 285 00:18:23,389 --> 00:18:26,893 declaration of war is division in the British camp. 286 00:18:26,893 --> 00:18:30,064 General Brock is astonished by his orders from Prevost 287 00:18:30,064 --> 00:18:32,634 and immediately informs the commander in chief 288 00:18:32,634 --> 00:18:34,410 of his dissent. 289 00:18:34,410 --> 00:18:36,690 He wants to move quickly to the attack. 290 00:18:36,690 --> 00:18:38,129 The accounts received of war 291 00:18:38,129 --> 00:18:39,971 having been declared by the United States 292 00:18:39,971 --> 00:18:44,138 against Great Britain justify offensive operations. 293 00:18:45,754 --> 00:18:48,883 (birds chirping) 294 00:18:48,883 --> 00:18:52,466 The morning of July 12, 1812. 295 00:19:00,927 --> 00:19:05,094 Inhabitants of Canada, the army under my command 296 00:19:06,389 --> 00:19:08,472 has invaded your country. 297 00:19:09,394 --> 00:19:12,508 The standard of the United States 298 00:19:12,508 --> 00:19:15,799 waves on the territory of Canada. 299 00:19:15,799 --> 00:19:18,204 General William Hull, the 61 year old 300 00:19:18,204 --> 00:19:21,616 governor of Michigan, commands the first ever invasion 301 00:19:21,616 --> 00:19:25,294 by the United States Army onto foreign soil. 302 00:19:25,294 --> 00:19:29,461 United States offers you peace, liberty, and security. 303 00:19:32,549 --> 00:19:35,605 Your choice lies between these and war, 304 00:19:35,605 --> 00:19:37,605 slavery and destruction. 305 00:19:39,619 --> 00:19:42,014 In the vanguard of the invasion force 306 00:19:42,014 --> 00:19:45,163 is the Fourth Infantry Regiment of the U.S. Army. 307 00:19:45,163 --> 00:19:47,660 Experienced soldiers who have already fought 308 00:19:47,660 --> 00:19:50,198 against the Indians of the Northwest. 309 00:19:50,198 --> 00:19:52,522 There is also a ragtag mix of militia units 310 00:19:52,522 --> 00:19:55,411 from Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky. 311 00:19:55,411 --> 00:19:59,078 Even some from as far away as the Carolinas. 312 00:20:00,755 --> 00:20:02,996 If the barbarous and savage policies 313 00:20:02,996 --> 00:20:05,329 of Great Britain be pursued, 314 00:20:06,309 --> 00:20:09,460 and the savages let loose to murder our citizens 315 00:20:09,460 --> 00:20:12,377 and butcher our women and children, 316 00:20:14,190 --> 00:20:17,523 this war will be a war of extermination. 317 00:20:20,193 --> 00:20:22,915 No white man found fighting by the side 318 00:20:22,915 --> 00:20:25,915 of an Indian will be taken prisoner. 319 00:20:26,921 --> 00:20:30,004 The Americans are coming. 320 00:20:33,524 --> 00:20:35,283 The American invasion force has penetrated 321 00:20:35,283 --> 00:20:38,361 Upper Canada at the far western end of Lake Erie, 322 00:20:38,361 --> 00:20:40,194 just south of Detroit. 323 00:20:41,446 --> 00:20:43,929 On the first day, the Americans crossed the Detroit River 324 00:20:43,929 --> 00:20:46,496 to occupy the Canadian town of Sandwich, 325 00:20:46,496 --> 00:20:48,663 almost without opposition. 326 00:20:56,314 --> 00:20:57,911 General Brock is determined to rally 327 00:20:57,911 --> 00:21:00,238 both the citizens of Upper Canada 328 00:21:00,238 --> 00:21:03,245 and the native population to his side. 329 00:21:03,245 --> 00:21:05,208 He devises a bold strategy. 330 00:21:05,208 --> 00:21:07,625 With all haste, Lieutenant. 331 00:21:10,466 --> 00:21:12,139 In direct contravention of his orders 332 00:21:12,139 --> 00:21:14,707 from Governor General Prevost, Brock decides 333 00:21:14,707 --> 00:21:16,790 to move to the offensive. 334 00:21:21,170 --> 00:21:23,420 (chanting) 335 00:21:27,716 --> 00:21:30,122 Brock dispatches a handful of voyageurs 336 00:21:30,122 --> 00:21:33,872 and a British officer on a desperate mission. 337 00:21:35,553 --> 00:21:39,720 These men must paddle almost 750 miles in one week. 338 00:21:47,641 --> 00:21:51,724 The voyageurs keep a pace of 45 strokes a minute. 339 00:21:52,851 --> 00:21:56,351 Speed is of the essence and so is secrecy. 340 00:21:57,822 --> 00:21:59,736 This small force has been ordered to arrange 341 00:21:59,736 --> 00:22:01,569 a key surprise attack. 342 00:22:04,612 --> 00:22:08,814 From Fort George, the voyageurs cross Lake Ontario to York, 343 00:22:08,814 --> 00:22:11,424 methodically making their way up the Humber River, 344 00:22:11,424 --> 00:22:14,026 portaging and paddling to Georgian Bay, 345 00:22:14,026 --> 00:22:16,229 onward to the top of Lake Huron, 346 00:22:16,229 --> 00:22:20,715 to the strait which leads into Lake Michigan. 347 00:22:20,715 --> 00:22:23,766 Their objective is a crucial American stronghold, 348 00:22:23,766 --> 00:22:24,933 Fort Mackinac. 349 00:22:25,968 --> 00:22:29,551 (suspenseful string music) 350 00:22:33,463 --> 00:22:35,228 Fort Mackinac is one of the keys 351 00:22:35,228 --> 00:22:37,386 to controlling the Great Lakes. 352 00:22:37,386 --> 00:22:40,648 It holds a commanding view of the strait below. 353 00:22:40,648 --> 00:22:43,710 All ships moving between Lake Michigan and Lake Huron 354 00:22:43,710 --> 00:22:46,543 must pass under its heavy cannons. 355 00:22:50,467 --> 00:22:53,616 Just as Brock has calculated, the American officers 356 00:22:53,616 --> 00:22:57,451 in the fort have no idea that war has been declared 357 00:22:57,451 --> 00:23:01,201 and so are totally unprepared for any attack. 358 00:23:05,793 --> 00:23:09,960 (water splashes against boats and oars) 359 00:23:15,307 --> 00:23:18,468 Forty miles away at the British Fort Saint Joseph, 360 00:23:18,468 --> 00:23:21,194 the attacking force picks up armaments, 361 00:23:21,194 --> 00:23:23,515 more than 500 Indian warriors, 362 00:23:23,515 --> 00:23:26,265 and the armed schooner Caledonia. 363 00:23:29,392 --> 00:23:32,809 (urgent symphonic music) 364 00:23:47,257 --> 00:23:50,913 Under cover of darkness, the attackers cross Lake Huron 365 00:23:50,913 --> 00:23:53,163 and surround Fort Mackinac. 366 00:23:55,202 --> 00:23:57,369 (yelling) 367 00:23:59,199 --> 00:24:01,642 When the British unveil their threat to destroy the fort 368 00:24:01,642 --> 00:24:05,809 and kill everyone inside, the shock value is astounding. 369 00:24:09,582 --> 00:24:13,165 The American fort is instantly surrendered. 370 00:24:16,713 --> 00:24:18,355 I have the honor to transmit herewith 371 00:24:18,355 --> 00:24:21,200 a dispatch this instant received from Captain Roberts 372 00:24:21,200 --> 00:24:24,235 announcing the surrender of Fort Michilimackinac. 373 00:24:24,235 --> 00:24:26,618 The capture of Mackinac may produce great changes 374 00:24:26,618 --> 00:24:28,034 to the westward. 375 00:24:28,034 --> 00:24:29,526 The actual invasion of the province 376 00:24:29,526 --> 00:24:34,240 justifies every act of hostility on the American territory. 377 00:24:34,240 --> 00:24:37,990 (victorious symphonic music) 378 00:24:46,901 --> 00:24:48,914 General Brock has his first victory 379 00:24:48,914 --> 00:24:50,705 and sails off with another force to confront 380 00:24:50,705 --> 00:24:54,872 the American invaders at the western end of Lake Erie. 381 00:25:00,703 --> 00:25:01,877 General, with all due respect-- 382 00:25:01,877 --> 00:25:03,212 On the western front, 383 00:25:03,212 --> 00:25:07,546 General Hull and his American invasion force has stalled. 384 00:25:07,546 --> 00:25:09,962 We can take that fort down right now. 385 00:25:09,962 --> 00:25:12,545 Let us fire it and get it done. 386 00:25:13,414 --> 00:25:15,237 Hull's officers are pressing for an attack 387 00:25:15,237 --> 00:25:17,261 on the British Fort Malden. 388 00:25:17,261 --> 00:25:19,508 But Hull suffers a fit of nerves 389 00:25:19,508 --> 00:25:22,341 and seems paralyzed by indecision. 390 00:25:23,666 --> 00:25:25,810 News of the capture of Fort Mackinac to the north 391 00:25:25,810 --> 00:25:28,893 has shaken General Hull's confidence. 392 00:25:31,843 --> 00:25:34,593 He retreats back to Fort Detroit. 393 00:25:35,447 --> 00:25:38,923 In private letters to the secretary of war in Washington, 394 00:25:38,923 --> 00:25:42,330 the general confides a fear that he is now vulnerable 395 00:25:42,330 --> 00:25:46,497 to massive and vicious attacks from native warriors. 396 00:25:50,193 --> 00:25:54,575 I have every reason to expect in a very short time 397 00:25:54,575 --> 00:25:57,908 a large body of savages whose operations 398 00:25:59,051 --> 00:26:01,968 will be directed against this army. 399 00:26:06,829 --> 00:26:08,627 General Hull has also become obsessed 400 00:26:08,627 --> 00:26:10,666 with his long supply lines leading back 401 00:26:10,666 --> 00:26:12,583 into the United States. 402 00:26:14,880 --> 00:26:18,376 His fears are not totally misplaced. 403 00:26:18,376 --> 00:26:22,209 Tecumseh prepares an ambush with 50 attackers. 404 00:26:25,632 --> 00:26:29,993 Although they are outnumbered four to one, they pounce. 405 00:26:29,993 --> 00:26:33,910 (exciting, anticipatory music) 406 00:26:38,611 --> 00:26:41,536 In early August, the warriors make two assaults 407 00:26:41,536 --> 00:26:43,803 on the Americans south of Detroit, 408 00:26:43,803 --> 00:26:46,313 killing and wounding dozens. 409 00:26:46,313 --> 00:26:50,480 The Americans are terrified by the taking of scalps. 410 00:26:51,746 --> 00:26:55,079 (uncertain eerie music) 411 00:27:14,096 --> 00:27:16,012 General Hull has also suffered one other 412 00:27:16,012 --> 00:27:20,324 astonishing piece of bad planning and bad luck. 413 00:27:20,324 --> 00:27:23,545 He has placed a trunkload of his secret military papers, 414 00:27:23,545 --> 00:27:25,567 including his letters to Washington, 415 00:27:25,567 --> 00:27:29,650 on board a schooner called Cuyahoga on Lake Erie. 416 00:27:34,344 --> 00:27:37,625 But the American forces do not control the lake. 417 00:27:37,625 --> 00:27:40,401 The British troops are everywhere. 418 00:27:40,401 --> 00:27:42,787 The Cuyahoga is not a warship 419 00:27:42,787 --> 00:27:45,370 so its defenses are negligible. 420 00:27:46,352 --> 00:27:49,852 (yelling and guns firing) 421 00:27:58,474 --> 00:27:59,774 The British take possession of some 422 00:27:59,774 --> 00:28:03,607 of the Americans' most vital military secrets. 423 00:28:13,244 --> 00:28:15,025 General Brock now knows that the Americans 424 00:28:15,025 --> 00:28:17,789 have vastly overestimated the strength of the forces 425 00:28:17,789 --> 00:28:20,248 they are facing and that they are especially afraid 426 00:28:20,248 --> 00:28:21,748 of Indian attacks. 427 00:28:23,638 --> 00:28:26,899 He makes maximum use of the information. 428 00:28:26,899 --> 00:28:31,869 He prepares an invasion force to cross the Detroit River. 429 00:28:31,869 --> 00:28:34,029 He sends Hull a threatening letter, 430 00:28:34,029 --> 00:28:38,196 aimed right at the American general's greatest fear. 431 00:28:40,013 --> 00:28:42,052 "It is far from my inclination 432 00:28:42,052 --> 00:28:44,969 "to join in a war of extermination. 433 00:28:46,203 --> 00:28:49,999 "But you must be aware the numerous body 434 00:28:49,999 --> 00:28:54,915 "of Indians who have attached themselves to my troops 435 00:28:54,915 --> 00:28:59,082 "will be beyond control the moment contest commences." 436 00:29:12,721 --> 00:29:14,801 It's a bluff. 437 00:29:14,801 --> 00:29:17,062 Hull doesn't know it, but he commands a force 438 00:29:17,062 --> 00:29:20,738 more than double his British opponent. 439 00:29:20,738 --> 00:29:23,738 Even his artillery is more powerful. 440 00:29:27,241 --> 00:29:31,408 But when Brock's guns open up, Hull refuses to fire back. 441 00:29:33,150 --> 00:29:35,867 Hull is afraid that all the inhabitants of the fort, 442 00:29:35,867 --> 00:29:38,274 including his daughter and two grandchildren 443 00:29:38,274 --> 00:29:39,941 will be slaughtered. 444 00:29:41,022 --> 00:29:44,245 Intimidated, fearful, and with his own officers 445 00:29:44,245 --> 00:29:46,725 circulating a petition against him, 446 00:29:46,725 --> 00:29:49,142 Hull decides on capitulation. 447 00:30:02,523 --> 00:30:07,374 America's army of invasion marches out to surrender. 448 00:30:07,374 --> 00:30:12,171 2,500 officers and men with as many rifles and muskets, 449 00:30:12,171 --> 00:30:15,370 39 cannon, and a long supply train 450 00:30:15,370 --> 00:30:18,287 gives up to a force half that size. 451 00:30:22,701 --> 00:30:24,499 America's outrage is expressed by one 452 00:30:24,499 --> 00:30:28,524 of the next generation of U.S. officers, Winfield Scott. 453 00:30:28,524 --> 00:30:30,613 The Patriots stirred with indignation 454 00:30:30,613 --> 00:30:33,624 at the deplorable loss of national character, 455 00:30:33,624 --> 00:30:37,748 life, and property sustained by Hull's surrender 456 00:30:37,748 --> 00:30:40,331 should ask at every turn, what? 457 00:30:41,723 --> 00:30:45,838 Shall not fatuity, ignorance, incapacity, imbecility, 458 00:30:45,838 --> 00:30:49,154 call it what you may, in a commander whatever the rank 459 00:30:49,154 --> 00:30:51,618 be equally punished with cowardice, 460 00:30:51,618 --> 00:30:54,868 or giving aid and comfort to the enemy? 461 00:30:57,764 --> 00:30:59,472 General Hull is taken prisoner 462 00:30:59,472 --> 00:31:01,786 and held for several months in Canada 463 00:31:01,786 --> 00:31:04,373 then sent back to the United States. 464 00:31:04,373 --> 00:31:06,624 There, he is tried and convicted of cowardice 465 00:31:06,624 --> 00:31:08,900 and sentenced to be hanged. 466 00:31:08,900 --> 00:31:10,960 President Madison commutes the sentence, 467 00:31:10,960 --> 00:31:13,628 but Hull goes into history as the author 468 00:31:13,628 --> 00:31:17,795 of one of America's greatest military disgraces. 469 00:31:17,795 --> 00:31:21,378 (rousing victorious music) 470 00:31:35,173 --> 00:31:37,720 After his audacious victory at Detroit, 471 00:31:37,720 --> 00:31:41,011 General Brock is the toast of the British Empire. 472 00:31:41,011 --> 00:31:42,865 Not only has he built a powerful alliance 473 00:31:42,865 --> 00:31:45,764 with the First Nations, but in 19 days, 474 00:31:45,764 --> 00:31:49,681 he has defeated the main body of the U.S. Army. 475 00:31:51,071 --> 00:31:53,997 In Lower Canada, Sir George Prevost knows that Brock 476 00:31:53,997 --> 00:31:57,610 has disobeyed his orders, but in the circumstances, 477 00:31:57,610 --> 00:32:00,192 decides not to make an issue out of it. 478 00:32:00,192 --> 00:32:03,472 He expresses grudging approval of Brock's strategy. 479 00:32:03,472 --> 00:32:06,214 I can assure you of my perfect confidence 480 00:32:06,214 --> 00:32:10,001 in your measures for the preservation of Upper Canada. 481 00:32:10,001 --> 00:32:13,470 All your wants shall be supplied as fast as possible, 482 00:32:13,470 --> 00:32:17,137 except for money, of which I have so little. 483 00:32:18,069 --> 00:32:19,736 Haste, man, haste. 484 00:32:21,766 --> 00:32:24,248 Now at the peak of his power and fame, 485 00:32:24,248 --> 00:32:27,804 Isaac Brock feels a nagging, troubling premonition, 486 00:32:27,804 --> 00:32:30,780 which he confides only to those closest to him. 487 00:32:30,780 --> 00:32:34,947 If this war lasts, I fear I shall do some foolish thing. 488 00:32:41,176 --> 00:32:42,566 General Brock boldly declares 489 00:32:42,566 --> 00:32:45,084 that the entire Michigan Territory 490 00:32:45,084 --> 00:32:47,584 has been reattached to Canada. 491 00:32:50,682 --> 00:32:52,379 Both British and Indian leaders see this 492 00:32:52,379 --> 00:32:56,296 as a possible future independent native nation. 493 00:32:58,052 --> 00:33:00,051 Brock knows that he owes his victory 494 00:33:00,051 --> 00:33:02,266 in large measure to Tecumseh, 495 00:33:02,266 --> 00:33:05,666 and pays the Shawnee chief his highest compliment. 496 00:33:05,666 --> 00:33:09,583 Miss Elliott, Gentlemen, I give you Tecumseh, 497 00:33:10,617 --> 00:33:13,248 a Wellington of the Indians. 498 00:33:13,248 --> 00:33:16,498 (overlapped murmuring) 499 00:33:20,321 --> 00:33:24,071 (officer calls out commands) 500 00:33:32,655 --> 00:33:34,801 The United States has lost a key battle, 501 00:33:34,801 --> 00:33:37,370 but it is far from losing the war. 502 00:33:37,370 --> 00:33:41,289 The American population is 15 times that of Canada. 503 00:33:41,289 --> 00:33:44,069 The Americans have more money, more weapons, 504 00:33:44,069 --> 00:33:45,853 and now, they are looking 505 00:33:45,853 --> 00:33:48,930 to avenge their humiliation at Fort Detroit. 506 00:33:48,930 --> 00:33:53,097 (colonial flute plays) (officer calls orders) 507 00:33:54,775 --> 00:33:56,102 The American army begins to regroup 508 00:33:56,102 --> 00:34:00,269 on the New York side of the Niagara River near the Falls. 509 00:34:08,019 --> 00:34:10,326 On the other side of the Niagara River, 510 00:34:10,326 --> 00:34:14,493 General Brock begins amassing his troops in response. 511 00:34:16,267 --> 00:34:17,490 He knows that his forces will be 512 00:34:17,490 --> 00:34:20,342 dramatically outnumbered and outgunned 513 00:34:20,342 --> 00:34:24,509 and that the Americans are unlikely to be bluffed again. 514 00:34:25,722 --> 00:34:27,478 It will be critical for him to anticipate 515 00:34:27,478 --> 00:34:31,645 where the Americans will try to cross the river, and when. 516 00:34:32,571 --> 00:34:36,321 (suspenseful dramatic music) 517 00:34:49,850 --> 00:34:51,871 The vast number of troops which has been this day 518 00:34:51,871 --> 00:34:54,002 added to the strong force previously collected 519 00:34:54,002 --> 00:34:56,294 on the opposite side convinces me, 520 00:34:56,294 --> 00:34:58,464 along with other indications, 521 00:34:58,464 --> 00:35:01,729 that an attack is not far distant. 522 00:35:01,729 --> 00:35:03,516 You will hear of some decisive action 523 00:35:03,516 --> 00:35:05,597 in the course of the fortnight. 524 00:35:05,597 --> 00:35:08,879 I say decisive because if I should be beaten, 525 00:35:08,879 --> 00:35:11,546 the province is inevitably gone. 526 00:35:17,639 --> 00:35:19,641 Brock anticipates that the attack might come 527 00:35:19,641 --> 00:35:21,994 anywhere along the Niagara River, 528 00:35:21,994 --> 00:35:26,979 from Fort Erie in the south to Fort George in the north. 529 00:35:26,979 --> 00:35:30,703 In fact, it is at Queenston Heights just north of the falls 530 00:35:30,703 --> 00:35:32,421 that the Americans cross 531 00:35:32,421 --> 00:35:36,088 on October 13th, 1812, in the early morning. 532 00:35:37,327 --> 00:35:40,827 (yelling and guns firing) 533 00:35:55,214 --> 00:35:57,922 For the U.S. Army, it is a dangerous crossing. 534 00:35:57,922 --> 00:36:00,392 Oarsman pulling hard through the swirling water 535 00:36:00,392 --> 00:36:02,506 and the sweeping current. 536 00:36:02,506 --> 00:36:04,070 Winfield Scott was there. 537 00:36:04,070 --> 00:36:07,194 In crossing about daylight, the boats have to sustain 538 00:36:07,194 --> 00:36:10,856 a direct plunging fire from the battery on the Heights. 539 00:36:10,856 --> 00:36:12,439 Fire. 540 00:36:19,032 --> 00:36:20,569 Alone, General Brock races 541 00:36:20,569 --> 00:36:22,921 out of his headquarters at Fort George, 542 00:36:22,921 --> 00:36:26,217 headed for the cannons he can hear from Queenston. 543 00:36:26,217 --> 00:36:27,943 He leaves orders to follow with a regiment 544 00:36:27,943 --> 00:36:29,577 as soon as possible. 545 00:36:29,577 --> 00:36:31,476 Every minute counts. 546 00:36:31,476 --> 00:36:33,500 When I arose, I saw General Brock 547 00:36:33,500 --> 00:36:35,503 riding up the road. 548 00:36:35,503 --> 00:36:37,877 I ran immediately to the camp. 549 00:36:37,877 --> 00:36:39,696 The cannonade commenced 550 00:36:39,696 --> 00:36:43,113 which roused the spirits of the warriors. 551 00:36:45,623 --> 00:36:47,790 All ran towards Queenston. 552 00:36:55,834 --> 00:36:58,194 In battles since time immemorial, 553 00:36:58,194 --> 00:37:00,548 armies tried to seize the high ground, 554 00:37:00,548 --> 00:37:03,954 to bring their weapons to bear on the enemy below. 555 00:37:03,954 --> 00:37:07,381 In fierce combat, the Americans capture the British cannon 556 00:37:07,381 --> 00:37:10,756 at the top of Queenston Heights. 557 00:37:10,756 --> 00:37:12,859 The disgrace of Hull's recent surrender 558 00:37:12,859 --> 00:37:15,979 was deeply felt by all Americans. 559 00:37:15,979 --> 00:37:18,778 Those at Queenston Heights resolved 560 00:37:18,778 --> 00:37:21,611 to sustain the shock of the enemy. 561 00:37:28,522 --> 00:37:30,143 Gathering the redcoats, 562 00:37:30,143 --> 00:37:33,996 Brock is just as determined to retake the Heights. 563 00:37:33,996 --> 00:37:34,829 Fire! 564 00:37:38,317 --> 00:37:39,557 Brock had often said 565 00:37:39,557 --> 00:37:40,834 that he would never ask men to go 566 00:37:40,834 --> 00:37:43,251 where he would not lead them. 567 00:37:46,523 --> 00:37:50,690 He gathers a small force and personally launches the charge. 568 00:37:57,628 --> 00:38:00,933 A U.S. Army rifleman spots the general's scarlet tunic 569 00:38:00,933 --> 00:38:02,006 and cocked hat. 570 00:38:02,006 --> 00:38:04,506 (rifle fires) 571 00:38:21,249 --> 00:38:24,456 Hearing that Brock is down, the Mohawks burst from the woods 572 00:38:24,456 --> 00:38:28,539 with terrifying war cries and charge the Heights. 573 00:38:30,921 --> 00:38:33,000 That sound echoes across the river 574 00:38:33,000 --> 00:38:34,617 and is heard by the U.S. militia units 575 00:38:34,617 --> 00:38:38,200 about to embark as a second wave of attack. 576 00:38:39,231 --> 00:38:42,197 The American volunteers are frozen with fear 577 00:38:42,197 --> 00:38:44,027 and come up with a constitutional reason 578 00:38:44,027 --> 00:38:46,277 not to proceed any further. 579 00:38:47,381 --> 00:38:50,714 These vermin who invest all republics, 580 00:38:51,887 --> 00:38:55,268 boastful enough at home, no sooner found themselves 581 00:38:55,268 --> 00:38:57,626 inside of the enemy, than they discovered 582 00:38:57,626 --> 00:39:00,679 that the militia of the United States could not be, 583 00:39:00,679 --> 00:39:04,762 constitutionally, marched into a foreign country. 584 00:39:09,124 --> 00:39:10,479 Because of the American militia's refusal 585 00:39:10,479 --> 00:39:12,877 to cross the river, the first wave 586 00:39:12,877 --> 00:39:15,050 of the U.S. Army attackers is now stranded 587 00:39:15,050 --> 00:39:16,800 on the Canadian side. 588 00:39:20,263 --> 00:39:23,210 The main body of the British and Canadian forces arrives 589 00:39:23,210 --> 00:39:26,350 and advance relentlessly with withering fire 590 00:39:26,350 --> 00:39:27,933 and fixed bayonets. 591 00:39:29,003 --> 00:39:31,527 In the smoke and confusion of battle, 592 00:39:31,527 --> 00:39:35,486 the Americans found it difficult to get their bearings. 593 00:39:35,486 --> 00:39:37,663 Under the threat of the scalping knife, 594 00:39:37,663 --> 00:39:41,729 the tomahawk, and the fire of the British regulars, 595 00:39:41,729 --> 00:39:44,507 the Americans began to withdraw. 596 00:39:44,507 --> 00:39:45,340 But where? 597 00:39:46,176 --> 00:39:49,070 Behind were the cliffs and the whirlpool 598 00:39:49,070 --> 00:39:53,153 and the deep rushing waters of the Niagara River. 599 00:39:55,901 --> 00:39:59,568 Firings on both sides were deadly. 600 00:40:00,640 --> 00:40:03,611 And then followed the partial clash of bayonets. 601 00:40:03,611 --> 00:40:05,338 The Americans by force of overwhelming numbers 602 00:40:05,338 --> 00:40:09,396 were driven from the Heights toward the river. 603 00:40:09,396 --> 00:40:12,313 Here, all were seized with despair. 604 00:40:14,011 --> 00:40:15,761 No boats had arrived. 605 00:40:18,436 --> 00:40:21,475 A formal surrender was made on terms 606 00:40:21,475 --> 00:40:23,558 honorable to all parties. 607 00:40:28,121 --> 00:40:31,038 (melancholy music) 608 00:40:41,996 --> 00:40:44,336 The grief caused by the death of General Brock 609 00:40:44,336 --> 00:40:46,168 threw a gloom over the sensations 610 00:40:46,168 --> 00:40:50,085 which this brilliant success might have raised. 611 00:41:11,553 --> 00:41:12,981 After the battle, 612 00:41:12,981 --> 00:41:15,441 the body of Major General Isaac Brock 613 00:41:15,441 --> 00:41:19,608 is brought back along the river road for requiem services. 614 00:41:31,253 --> 00:41:35,420 Even his American adversaries feel a sense of occasion. 615 00:41:36,281 --> 00:41:38,183 The remains of General Brock were buried 616 00:41:38,183 --> 00:41:42,831 with all honors of war in a bastion at Fort George. 617 00:41:42,831 --> 00:41:45,941 Lieutenant-Colonel Scott, out of respect 618 00:41:45,941 --> 00:41:48,685 for the very high character of the deceased 619 00:41:48,685 --> 00:41:51,647 sent across a request to the American fort opposite, 620 00:41:51,647 --> 00:41:55,814 Niagara, to fire minute guns during the British solemnities. 621 00:41:57,139 --> 00:42:00,101 Thus there was a long, continuous roar 622 00:42:00,101 --> 00:42:04,268 of American and British cannon in honor of a fallen hero. 623 00:42:20,372 --> 00:42:24,539 An express brought news of the Battle of Queenston. 624 00:42:26,338 --> 00:42:30,505 And the death of our noble defender, General Brock. 625 00:42:33,951 --> 00:42:38,668 This excellent officer who was only too prodigal of life. 626 00:42:38,668 --> 00:42:40,963 If he had but reserved his personal exertions 627 00:42:40,963 --> 00:42:43,069 till the reinforcements came up, 628 00:42:43,069 --> 00:42:45,342 which ultimately drove back the invaders, 629 00:42:45,342 --> 00:42:48,259 his country may have had him still. 630 00:42:59,441 --> 00:43:01,988 For Tecumseh and the Indian people, 631 00:43:01,988 --> 00:43:05,302 the death of General Brock is devastating. 632 00:43:05,302 --> 00:43:08,722 Not only have they lost the one British leader they trusted, 633 00:43:08,722 --> 00:43:11,485 they lost the representative of His Majesty's government 634 00:43:11,485 --> 00:43:15,652 who made them the promise of a homeland of their own. 635 00:43:25,545 --> 00:43:27,036 News of the death of General Brock sweeps 636 00:43:27,036 --> 00:43:30,203 across the country and over the ocean. 637 00:43:32,362 --> 00:43:36,529 Throughout Great Britain, church bells peal for him. 638 00:43:37,897 --> 00:43:40,551 On Brock's ancestral island of Guernsey, 639 00:43:40,551 --> 00:43:43,324 the shield and crest of the family is changed, 640 00:43:43,324 --> 00:43:45,116 reflecting pride in the fateful alliance 641 00:43:45,116 --> 00:43:47,699 he made with the First Nations. 642 00:43:52,787 --> 00:43:55,219 In the family church, a lasting testament 643 00:43:55,219 --> 00:43:57,302 is carved over the altar. 644 00:44:07,927 --> 00:44:10,621 In Canada, at Queenston Heights, 645 00:44:10,621 --> 00:44:13,549 overlooking the Niagara River and the American shore, 646 00:44:13,549 --> 00:44:16,393 near the spot where he fell in battle, 647 00:44:16,393 --> 00:44:18,473 a massive monument is raised to honor the memory 648 00:44:18,473 --> 00:44:22,725 of Isaac Brock, the general who saw his destiny 649 00:44:22,725 --> 00:44:25,308 in the lines of ancient poetry. 650 00:44:26,727 --> 00:44:29,489 "Now on the field Ulysses stands alone, 651 00:44:29,489 --> 00:44:33,239 "The Greeks all fled, the Trojans pouring on: 652 00:44:35,503 --> 00:44:38,619 "But stands collected in himself and whole, 653 00:44:38,619 --> 00:44:42,036 "And questions thus his unconquer’d soul: 654 00:44:46,177 --> 00:44:49,462 "To die, or conquer, proves a hero’s heart; 655 00:44:49,462 --> 00:44:53,129 "And, knowing this, I know a soldier’s part. 656 00:44:57,192 --> 00:45:00,385 "Me Greece shall honor, when I meet my doom, 657 00:45:00,385 --> 00:45:03,968 "With solemn funerals, and a lasting tomb." 658 00:45:21,228 --> 00:45:24,895 (expansive symphonic music)