1 00:00:34,730 --> 00:00:40,550 Imagine a world where temperatures rise to 120 degrees Fahrenheit. 2 00:00:44,850 --> 00:00:49,430 Where there's no escape from sun, wind and dust. 3 00:00:54,770 --> 00:00:59,870 Imagine a world with almost no food or water. 4 00:01:08,570 --> 00:01:10,809 These are the conditions in 5 00:01:10,810 --> 00:01:14,110 one third of the lands of our planet. 6 00:01:17,450 --> 00:01:22,590 To live here demands the most extraordinary survival strategies. 7 00:01:45,210 --> 00:01:49,369 This is the oldest desert in the world. 8 00:01:49,370 --> 00:01:52,750 The Namib in south-west Africa. 9 00:01:53,570 --> 00:01:57,350 It's been dry for 55 million years. 10 00:02:02,090 --> 00:02:06,470 Life here for a hunter is as hard as it gets. 11 00:02:16,690 --> 00:02:19,129 A pride of lions. 12 00:02:19,130 --> 00:02:23,609 One of the very few that endures this desert's scorching temperatures 13 00:02:23,610 --> 00:02:25,590 and lack of water. 14 00:02:42,570 --> 00:02:46,430 Hunting here presents special problems. 15 00:02:52,490 --> 00:02:57,630 A herd of oryx, the only prey within 20 miles. 16 00:03:01,410 --> 00:03:05,129 Out here, there is no cover for an ambush. 17 00:03:05,130 --> 00:03:08,390 It'll have to be a straight chase. 18 00:03:44,850 --> 00:03:46,889 They have failed 19 00:03:46,890 --> 00:03:51,590 and each failed hunt brings the lions closer to starvation. 20 00:04:03,130 --> 00:04:05,169 To find enough to eat, 21 00:04:05,170 --> 00:04:10,510 the pride continually searches an area the size of Switzerland. 22 00:04:18,970 --> 00:04:26,350 Three days and 100 miles later, and still no kill. 23 00:04:27,690 --> 00:04:30,369 These are desperate times. 24 00:04:30,370 --> 00:04:32,150 (BIRDS CAW) 25 00:04:33,970 --> 00:04:37,230 A dry riverbed on the edge of their territory. 26 00:04:40,370 --> 00:04:43,609 The only animals here are giraffe, 27 00:04:43,610 --> 00:04:48,790 but these one-tonne giants could kill a lion with a single kick. 28 00:05:01,570 --> 00:05:05,070 Lions seldom tackle such formidable prey... 29 00:05:07,850 --> 00:05:13,030 ...but this pride can't go on much longer without food. 30 00:05:40,410 --> 00:05:44,470 The whole pride must work together as a team if they're to succeed. 31 00:06:13,050 --> 00:06:15,169 Two lionesses lead the chase. 32 00:06:15,170 --> 00:06:18,750 Others race to cut off possible escape routes. 33 00:06:35,250 --> 00:06:40,350 The giraffe has the speed and stamina to outrun the pride... 34 00:06:41,330 --> 00:06:44,310 ...but it's being chased into a trap. 35 00:06:46,250 --> 00:06:49,510 Up ahead, the lead female waits. 36 00:06:59,930 --> 00:07:02,310 It's now up to her. 37 00:07:20,770 --> 00:07:23,790 Most lion hunts end in failure. 38 00:07:25,250 --> 00:07:30,510 But no lions fail more often than those that live in the desert. 39 00:07:33,850 --> 00:07:38,030 Once again, the pride must continue their search. 40 00:07:45,090 --> 00:07:46,750 (THUNDER RUMBLES) 41 00:08:02,010 --> 00:08:06,390 It does, sometimes, rain in the desert. 42 00:08:09,250 --> 00:08:14,990 Here, in the American West, storms can strike with devastating force. 43 00:08:20,010 --> 00:08:22,009 After ten months of drought, 44 00:08:22,010 --> 00:08:27,070 millions of tonnes of water are dumped on the land in under an hour. 45 00:09:16,490 --> 00:09:18,209 Over millions of years, 46 00:09:18,210 --> 00:09:21,569 sand and gravel carried by the rampaging floods 47 00:09:21,570 --> 00:09:24,830 have carved channels through the solid rock. 48 00:09:29,490 --> 00:09:33,670 Slot canyons, 150 feet deep. 49 00:10:05,570 --> 00:10:08,609 In some places, these canyons have widened 50 00:10:08,610 --> 00:10:12,569 until the land between them is sculpted into tablelands 51 00:10:12,570 --> 00:10:14,889 and isolated pinnacles, 52 00:10:14,890 --> 00:10:19,150 some of the most dramatic landscapes on the planet. 53 00:10:35,530 --> 00:10:37,830 The rain may be long gone... 54 00:10:39,250 --> 00:10:41,470 ...but there is water here... 55 00:10:42,890 --> 00:10:47,310 ...locked away within the tissues of specialist desert plants. 56 00:10:49,450 --> 00:10:53,150 Cacti are unique to American deserts. 57 00:10:55,050 --> 00:10:56,929 They all hoard water, 58 00:10:56,930 --> 00:10:59,449 storing it in swollen stems 59 00:10:59,450 --> 00:11:03,230 and protecting it behind a barricade of spines. 60 00:11:07,090 --> 00:11:10,950 They're so successful that they dominate these deserts. 61 00:11:13,330 --> 00:11:15,649 But this forest of spikes can cause 62 00:11:15,650 --> 00:11:18,710 problems for the animals that live here. 63 00:11:26,210 --> 00:11:28,150 A Harrisxxx hawk. 64 00:11:30,890 --> 00:11:35,230 It has developed special techniques for hunting amongst the cacti. 65 00:11:41,210 --> 00:11:43,489 Ground squirrels. 66 00:11:43,490 --> 00:11:44,870 Prey. 67 00:11:52,770 --> 00:11:56,750 At the first sign of danger they bolt for the safety of the thorns. 68 00:12:06,250 --> 00:12:09,230 But the hawks have a tactic to flush them out. 69 00:12:12,530 --> 00:12:16,550 These are the only birds of prey that hunt in packs. 70 00:12:18,810 --> 00:12:23,350 Flying in formation, they try to drive their quarry into the open. 71 00:12:34,290 --> 00:12:36,990 But this squirrel is staying put. 72 00:12:43,050 --> 00:12:45,950 So now the hawks continue the hunt... 73 00:12:46,690 --> 00:12:48,390 ...on foot. 74 00:12:56,130 --> 00:12:59,070 They're closing in from all sides. 75 00:13:20,290 --> 00:13:24,070 Soon, all escape routes are cut off. 76 00:13:27,970 --> 00:13:30,070 The squirrel is trapped. 77 00:13:40,730 --> 00:13:44,129 The spines that cover almost every plant in this desert 78 00:13:44,130 --> 00:13:48,030 can provide protection and shelter for many animals. 79 00:13:55,730 --> 00:14:01,030 So, why should these spikes be hung with corpses? 80 00:14:07,170 --> 00:14:09,529 What kind of creature could be responsible 81 00:14:09,530 --> 00:14:12,310 for creating such a gruesome scene? 82 00:14:21,410 --> 00:14:25,470 There's a mysterious killer at work in this desert. 83 00:14:32,490 --> 00:14:34,630 It's a butcherbird. 84 00:14:36,090 --> 00:14:41,609 This little songbird uses the spines as a butcher uses his hook... 85 00:14:41,610 --> 00:14:45,110 to hold its prey as it dismembers it. 86 00:14:48,810 --> 00:14:50,550 (CHICKS SQUAWK) 87 00:14:54,970 --> 00:14:59,750 And with chicks to feed, he also uses the spines as a larder. 88 00:15:05,290 --> 00:15:07,790 He's been stocking it for weeks. 89 00:15:10,610 --> 00:15:14,489 Hanging his prey out of the reach of scavengers on the ground 90 00:15:14,490 --> 00:15:18,390 ensures that his newly hatched young will never go hungry. 91 00:15:19,650 --> 00:15:24,870 An ingenious solution to making the good times last in the desert... 92 00:15:27,690 --> 00:15:29,809 ...if a little macabre. 93 00:15:29,810 --> 00:15:31,230 (CHICKS SQUAWK) 94 00:15:38,690 --> 00:15:41,009 Some deserts are so arid, 95 00:15:41,010 --> 00:15:44,550 they appear totally devoid of all vegetation. 96 00:15:47,170 --> 00:15:52,430 Yet even these landscapes can be transformed in a matter of days. 97 00:16:03,090 --> 00:16:07,249 The deserts of Peru are amongst the driest in the world, 98 00:16:07,250 --> 00:16:11,209 but just add a little water and plants that have lain dormant 99 00:16:11,210 --> 00:16:14,070 for months will burst into life. 100 00:16:30,650 --> 00:16:33,609 And when a desert suddenly turns green, 101 00:16:33,610 --> 00:16:39,230 even the most seemingly desolate can become a land of opportunity. 102 00:16:51,570 --> 00:16:55,249 No creature exploits the greening of a desert more quickly 103 00:16:55,250 --> 00:16:57,870 or more dramatically than a locust. 104 00:17:06,850 --> 00:17:09,089 Madagascar's arid south-west 105 00:17:09,090 --> 00:17:12,190 has received its highest rainfall in years. 106 00:17:17,970 --> 00:17:20,889 Now, an army is on the march, 107 00:17:20,890 --> 00:17:24,070 attracted by the smell of newly sprouting grass. 108 00:17:35,970 --> 00:17:38,449 Locusts are normally solitary creatures, 109 00:17:38,450 --> 00:17:42,129 but when food becomes suddenly plentiful they come together 110 00:17:42,130 --> 00:17:46,750 into an unstoppable force that devours everything in its path. 111 00:18:05,170 --> 00:18:09,710 But this devastation is about to get a lot worse. 112 00:18:21,170 --> 00:18:26,169 The locusts now transform into winged adults, 113 00:18:26,170 --> 00:18:28,249 and with conditions as good as this, 114 00:18:28,250 --> 00:18:31,710 they do so three times faster than normal. 115 00:18:32,930 --> 00:18:37,209 Now they are at their most voracious... 116 00:18:37,210 --> 00:18:40,470 and with wings, they can take to the skies. 117 00:19:05,330 --> 00:19:09,369 Once airborne, the locusts can travel over 60 miles a day 118 00:19:09,370 --> 00:19:12,070 in their search for new feeding grounds. 119 00:19:26,090 --> 00:19:30,950 A super swarm of this scale may only appear once in a decade. 120 00:19:32,010 --> 00:19:35,409 This one extends over 200 square miles 121 00:19:35,410 --> 00:19:38,630 and contains several billion individuals. 122 00:19:39,890 --> 00:19:44,550 Between them, they will devour 40,000 tonnes of food in a day. 123 00:20:20,210 --> 00:20:24,089 Nothing can strip a land of its vegetation with such speed 124 00:20:24,090 --> 00:20:27,670 and thoroughness as a plague of locusts. 125 00:20:30,410 --> 00:20:35,289 When the food eventually runs out, the whole army will die... 126 00:20:35,290 --> 00:20:38,190 but not before it's devastated the land. 127 00:20:52,970 --> 00:20:55,449 With no plants to bind them, 128 00:20:55,450 --> 00:20:59,470 thin soils soon turn to dust and blow away. 129 00:21:05,770 --> 00:21:10,910 Now, these barren lands are left to the mercy of the elements. 130 00:21:27,210 --> 00:21:32,529 Scorched by the sun and scoured by windblown sand, 131 00:21:32,530 --> 00:21:37,630 desert rock is shaped into strange, otherworldly landscapes. 132 00:21:43,890 --> 00:21:47,969 These rocky deserts may have a beguiling beauty, 133 00:21:47,970 --> 00:21:52,030 but when they become this barren, very little life can endure. 134 00:21:58,690 --> 00:22:02,849 For many animals, the only way to survive the most hostile times 135 00:22:02,850 --> 00:22:04,870 is to keep moving. 136 00:22:11,850 --> 00:22:16,350 In the Kalahari, brief rains have given way to the dry season. 137 00:22:17,210 --> 00:22:20,750 Food and water are becoming increasingly scarce. 138 00:22:22,330 --> 00:22:25,070 For these zebra, it's time to leave. 139 00:22:37,770 --> 00:22:39,129 They're setting off on 140 00:22:39,130 --> 00:22:43,809 the longest overland migration made by any mammal in Africa, 141 00:22:43,810 --> 00:22:47,430 marching towards the scent of distant rains. 142 00:22:51,050 --> 00:22:53,329 As drought intensifies, 143 00:22:53,330 --> 00:22:56,729 desert-living elephants must also undertake long journeys 144 00:22:56,730 --> 00:22:59,030 in search of water. 145 00:23:19,650 --> 00:23:22,249 The older females can remember where, 146 00:23:22,250 --> 00:23:27,249 even in times of extreme drought, there may still be water 147 00:23:27,250 --> 00:23:31,129 and sometimes lead the herd to a water hole they may not have visited 148 00:23:31,130 --> 00:23:32,750 for decades. 149 00:24:02,290 --> 00:24:06,310 These zebra are almost at the end of their journey. 150 00:24:12,850 --> 00:24:15,390 This is what they've been heading for... 151 00:24:19,410 --> 00:24:20,950 ...a rare water hole. 152 00:24:31,330 --> 00:24:34,729 In deserts, most water holes are short lived. 153 00:24:34,730 --> 00:24:36,209 They appear after rains, 154 00:24:36,210 --> 00:24:39,270 but then vanish almost as quickly as they came. 155 00:24:46,170 --> 00:24:49,670 Animals have come here from many miles around. 156 00:24:54,250 --> 00:24:58,990 Yet this can be a dangerous place in which to linger. 157 00:25:07,090 --> 00:25:10,169 60 miles away, in the heart of the desert, 158 00:25:10,170 --> 00:25:12,510 sandgrouse chicks are hatching. 159 00:25:13,530 --> 00:25:15,790 It's safer for them to be here. 160 00:25:20,530 --> 00:25:24,070 But being so distant from water is a gamble. 161 00:25:27,490 --> 00:25:30,169 With only their mother to shield them from the sun, 162 00:25:30,170 --> 00:25:34,150 if they get nothing to drink, they will be dead within hours. 163 00:25:42,530 --> 00:25:44,950 Their only hope is their father. 164 00:25:48,410 --> 00:25:52,289 Every morning he makes the 120-mile round trip 165 00:25:52,290 --> 00:25:54,830 to get water for the family. 166 00:25:58,090 --> 00:26:01,609 Grouse from all over the desert visit this oasis, 167 00:26:01,610 --> 00:26:04,849 arriving together in large flocks, 168 00:26:04,850 --> 00:26:06,710 and that is important. 169 00:26:10,130 --> 00:26:12,270 There's safety in numbers. 170 00:26:27,170 --> 00:26:29,449 The male snatches a drink, 171 00:26:29,450 --> 00:26:33,430 but he also needs to collect water for his chicks. 172 00:26:34,090 --> 00:26:36,449 Using specially adapted breast feathers, 173 00:26:36,450 --> 00:26:39,390 he can soak up water like a sponge. 174 00:26:40,170 --> 00:26:43,550 But it takes time, and he is in danger. 175 00:26:51,330 --> 00:26:52,950 Goshawk. 176 00:27:08,770 --> 00:27:11,510 Sandgrouse here are their main prey. 177 00:27:17,130 --> 00:27:21,929 Again and again, the male sandgrouse risk their lives 178 00:27:21,930 --> 00:27:24,710 in order to collect water for their chicks. 179 00:27:44,770 --> 00:27:49,430 This is why sandgrouse nest so far from water holes. 180 00:28:12,850 --> 00:28:16,670 At last, he's soaked up as much as he can. 181 00:28:18,050 --> 00:28:21,089 Carrying a quarter of his body weight in water, 182 00:28:21,090 --> 00:28:24,550 he can now set off on the long journey home. 183 00:28:51,010 --> 00:28:54,070 He's back, and just in time. 184 00:28:55,050 --> 00:28:58,350 He can give the chicks their first ever drink. 185 00:29:05,730 --> 00:29:09,769 But he will have to undertake this perilous journey every day 186 00:29:09,770 --> 00:29:14,129 for the next two months until his chicks can finally make the flight 187 00:29:14,130 --> 00:29:16,630 to the water hole for themselves. 188 00:29:28,690 --> 00:29:33,910 It's July in the deserts of Nevada in the western United States. 189 00:29:35,210 --> 00:29:37,630 The hottest time of the year. 190 00:29:50,970 --> 00:29:53,929 Bands of wild horses, mustang, 191 00:29:53,930 --> 00:29:58,350 are converging on one of the last remaining water holes for miles. 192 00:30:03,530 --> 00:30:07,209 Now, water not only offers them the chance to drink, 193 00:30:07,210 --> 00:30:09,630 it can also bring power. 194 00:30:12,890 --> 00:30:16,289 If a stallion can control access to water, 195 00:30:16,290 --> 00:30:19,430 he will have secured mating rights to the entire herd. 196 00:30:20,970 --> 00:30:23,969 So stallions try to dominate these pools, 197 00:30:23,970 --> 00:30:26,750 fighting off rivals who venture too close. 198 00:30:39,410 --> 00:30:41,110 A stranger. 199 00:30:42,690 --> 00:30:45,129 He's travelled ten miles to be here 200 00:30:45,130 --> 00:30:48,510 because the pools where he's come from have already dried up. 201 00:30:52,530 --> 00:30:54,910 With him come his females. 202 00:30:57,170 --> 00:30:59,849 If he can't provide them with water, they will leave him 203 00:30:59,850 --> 00:31:04,350 for the white stallion who already dominates this pool. 204 00:31:14,610 --> 00:31:16,990 So, he will have to fight. 205 00:32:17,210 --> 00:32:18,910 There is everything to lose. 206 00:32:20,530 --> 00:32:22,729 A broken leg or a shattered jaw 207 00:32:22,730 --> 00:32:25,830 would mean a slow and painful death. 208 00:32:46,250 --> 00:32:49,390 A missed kick, and it's all over. 209 00:32:51,730 --> 00:32:55,929 The new arrival has won... 210 00:32:55,930 --> 00:33:00,169 and his prize is more than just the chance to drink. 211 00:33:00,170 --> 00:33:03,369 He has provided for his herd, and in the process, 212 00:33:03,370 --> 00:33:06,030 stolen his rival's females. 213 00:33:07,530 --> 00:33:10,470 The white stallion's rule is over. 214 00:33:17,770 --> 00:33:22,369 Desert life is not only shaped by the scarcity of water, 215 00:33:22,370 --> 00:33:27,270 but also by the relentless power of the sun. 216 00:33:33,490 --> 00:33:35,849 The highest temperatures on Earth 217 00:33:35,850 --> 00:33:38,790 have all been recorded in its deserts. 218 00:33:50,090 --> 00:33:53,009 Changes in the climate mean temperatures here 219 00:33:53,010 --> 00:33:56,129 are rising more than the global average and, 220 00:33:56,130 --> 00:33:59,710 as deserts heat up, they are also expanding. 221 00:34:01,730 --> 00:34:06,609 Every year, a further 50,000 square miles of grass and farmland 222 00:34:06,610 --> 00:34:10,670 are turning into barren stretches of dust and rock. 223 00:34:15,930 --> 00:34:21,489 In the heat of the day, surface temperatures can reach 160 degrees, 224 00:34:21,490 --> 00:34:24,390 far too hot to handle for most. 225 00:34:26,650 --> 00:34:30,270 But not for this shovel-snouted lizard. 226 00:34:34,650 --> 00:34:37,270 Raising its feet off the ground in turn... 227 00:34:40,530 --> 00:34:43,070 ...enables each to briefly cool. 228 00:34:49,050 --> 00:34:52,289 But even this dancing desert specialist 229 00:34:52,290 --> 00:34:54,310 can't stand the heat for long. 230 00:35:02,930 --> 00:35:05,390 One option is to find shade. 231 00:35:10,010 --> 00:35:14,969 Dune grass, the only vegetation here, provides virtually none, 232 00:35:14,970 --> 00:35:17,889 but just an inch beneath the surface of the sand, 233 00:35:17,890 --> 00:35:20,750 it is several degrees cooler. 234 00:35:27,930 --> 00:35:33,110 Avoiding the extreme heat imposes a rhythm on desert life. 235 00:35:35,730 --> 00:35:39,590 And many animals here choose the simplest option of all... 236 00:35:42,370 --> 00:35:43,849 ...staying hidden all day, 237 00:35:43,850 --> 00:35:47,110 and only venturing out in the cool of the night. 238 00:35:55,890 --> 00:36:01,030 As darkness falls, animals appear from seemingly nowhere. 239 00:36:07,770 --> 00:36:11,329 And, among them, inevitably, 240 00:36:11,330 --> 00:36:12,830 are hunters. 241 00:36:27,650 --> 00:36:31,089 One of the most voracious nocturnal predators 242 00:36:31,090 --> 00:36:34,750 is also one of the hardest to see. 243 00:36:36,810 --> 00:36:41,670 This mysterious creature hardly ever appears on the surface of the dunes. 244 00:36:48,330 --> 00:36:52,430 But there are signs on the sand that can give it away. 245 00:37:05,890 --> 00:37:09,609 It lives only here, where the sand grains are so perfectly dry 246 00:37:09,610 --> 00:37:13,230 and polished, that they flow almost like water. 247 00:37:16,290 --> 00:37:18,670 It's no bigger than a ping-pong ball. 248 00:37:22,970 --> 00:37:24,950 A golden mole. 249 00:37:25,730 --> 00:37:28,329 It's totally blind, 250 00:37:28,330 --> 00:37:30,950 but there's nothing to see underground anyway. 251 00:37:37,170 --> 00:37:40,030 Instead, it has superb hearing. 252 00:37:42,530 --> 00:37:45,129 Its entire head acts as an amplifier 253 00:37:45,130 --> 00:37:49,449 that picks up vibrations through the sand, so, to locate prey 254 00:37:49,450 --> 00:37:52,929 on the surface of the dune, it has, paradoxically, 255 00:37:52,930 --> 00:37:55,870 to thrust its face into the dune. 256 00:38:04,210 --> 00:38:06,289 Termites. 257 00:38:06,290 --> 00:38:08,750 Not easy to catch when you're blind. 258 00:38:12,610 --> 00:38:15,670 Far better to go into stealth mode. 259 00:38:17,090 --> 00:38:21,710 Once below the sand, it can detect the slightest movement... 260 00:38:24,690 --> 00:38:28,150 ...allowing it to strike with pinpoint accuracy. 261 00:38:37,010 --> 00:38:40,350 Well, most of the time. 262 00:38:51,690 --> 00:38:55,910 They can travel two thirds of a mile a night in search of its dinner... 263 00:38:58,650 --> 00:39:02,790 ...and right now, it has just detected its main course. 264 00:39:04,370 --> 00:39:08,390 Little wonder it's sometimes called "the shark of the dunes". 265 00:39:16,810 --> 00:39:21,329 Food can be so scarce in the desert that, even at night, 266 00:39:21,330 --> 00:39:25,190 animals can't afford to be choosy about what they eat. 267 00:39:30,850 --> 00:39:33,390 Israel's Negev desert. 268 00:39:42,730 --> 00:39:47,470 Otonycteris, the desert long-eared bat, is on the hunt. 269 00:39:51,330 --> 00:39:55,769 Most bats catch flying insects on the wing, but there are so few 270 00:39:55,770 --> 00:40:00,430 of these in the desert that this bat must do things differently. 271 00:40:03,690 --> 00:40:06,150 It has to hunt on the ground. 272 00:40:13,130 --> 00:40:17,270 But what really sets it apart is what it's hunting... 273 00:40:24,930 --> 00:40:27,070 ...a deathstalker scorpion. 274 00:40:28,490 --> 00:40:32,870 The venom of this species is potent enough to kill a human. 275 00:40:34,450 --> 00:40:38,990 Tackling it seems madness for a bat weighing just half an ounce. 276 00:40:43,290 --> 00:40:48,369 In the pitch-black, both predator and prey are effectively blind, 277 00:40:48,370 --> 00:40:50,849 but the scorpion has one advantage... 278 00:40:50,850 --> 00:40:55,670 he can sense the approach of the bat through vibrations in the sand. 279 00:40:59,050 --> 00:41:03,430 Otonycteris must rely entirely on its hearing. 280 00:41:04,250 --> 00:41:07,670 If the scorpion doesn't move, it won't know it's there. 281 00:41:22,290 --> 00:41:23,750 The battle is on. 282 00:41:26,650 --> 00:41:30,329 Armed with crushing pincers and a sting loaded with venom, 283 00:41:30,330 --> 00:41:33,270 this scorpion is a dangerous opponent. 284 00:41:46,370 --> 00:41:48,710 A direct strike on the head. 285 00:41:51,130 --> 00:41:52,710 Is it all over? 286 00:41:56,450 --> 00:41:58,470 Not for this bat. 287 00:42:13,730 --> 00:42:17,729 Otonycteris clearly has some immunity to the venom, 288 00:42:17,730 --> 00:42:21,870 but repeated stings must still be extraordinarily painful. 289 00:42:29,730 --> 00:42:31,769 And if the bat is not to go hungry, 290 00:42:31,770 --> 00:42:35,790 it must catch another three scorpions before sunrise. 291 00:43:03,570 --> 00:43:06,889 Desert animals have developed remarkable strategies 292 00:43:06,890 --> 00:43:10,590 to make the most of the rare opportunities that come their way. 293 00:43:12,690 --> 00:43:16,329 Although some deserts may not see rain for several years, 294 00:43:16,330 --> 00:43:20,150 most will hold a little water in one form or another. 295 00:43:21,010 --> 00:43:24,430 The trick is simply knowing how to reach it. 296 00:43:32,930 --> 00:43:38,470 Dawn in the dunes of the Namib, and something magical is happening. 297 00:43:56,810 --> 00:44:01,529 Moist air lying over the neighbouring Atlantic is cooled 298 00:44:01,530 --> 00:44:06,910 and blown inland, forming fog banks that shroud the desert in mist. 299 00:44:14,170 --> 00:44:18,209 This precious moisture lies tantalisingly out of reach 300 00:44:18,210 --> 00:44:22,729 at the top of the dunes, and it won't last long. 301 00:44:22,730 --> 00:44:26,950 It'll be burnt off by the sun just hours after it rises. 302 00:44:42,290 --> 00:44:45,289 Darkling beetles race to the top of the dunes 303 00:44:45,290 --> 00:44:48,030 to reach the fog before it vanishes. 304 00:44:57,130 --> 00:45:01,649 Some of the Namib's dunes are 1,000 feet high, 305 00:45:01,650 --> 00:45:03,230 the tallest in the world. 306 00:45:04,930 --> 00:45:08,609 For a beetle no larger than a thumbnail, this is the equivalent 307 00:45:08,610 --> 00:45:12,230 of us climbing a dune twice the height of Everest. 308 00:45:16,570 --> 00:45:20,510 But even more impressive is what it does next. 309 00:45:25,370 --> 00:45:28,609 Standing perfectly still, facing into the wind, 310 00:45:28,610 --> 00:45:31,230 the beetle does a headstand. 311 00:45:34,330 --> 00:45:37,350 Fog begins to condense on its body. 312 00:45:40,570 --> 00:45:44,169 Microscopic bumps on its wing cases direct the water 313 00:45:44,170 --> 00:45:46,790 to grooves that channel it towards the mouth. 314 00:45:52,290 --> 00:45:54,489 Before returning down the slip face, 315 00:45:54,490 --> 00:45:57,510 it will drink 40% of its body weight. 316 00:46:02,610 --> 00:46:07,689 This little beetle has learned how to conjure water out of the air 317 00:46:07,690 --> 00:46:10,750 in one of the driest places on earth. 318 00:46:14,450 --> 00:46:17,830 And it's not alone on the top of the dunes. 319 00:46:24,050 --> 00:46:27,150 Web-footed geckos use a similar trick. 320 00:46:36,970 --> 00:46:40,950 Surely, few animals go to greater lengths to get a drink. 321 00:46:59,290 --> 00:47:03,209 Unfortunately, Namaqua chameleons know that on foggy mornings, 322 00:47:03,210 --> 00:47:08,270 the beetles coming down the dunes are juicier than those going up. 323 00:47:19,530 --> 00:47:24,009 The diversity of life that thrives in a world almost totally devoid 324 00:47:24,010 --> 00:47:26,710 of water is truly remarkable. 325 00:47:29,370 --> 00:47:33,289 Success in the desert depends on an extraordinary variety of 326 00:47:33,290 --> 00:47:37,590 survival strategies that have evolved over millions of years. 327 00:47:39,650 --> 00:47:42,430 But our planet is changing. 328 00:47:45,010 --> 00:47:49,089 The world's deserts are growing bigger, hotter and drier, 329 00:47:49,090 --> 00:47:52,270 and they're doing so faster than ever before. 330 00:47:53,770 --> 00:47:58,950 How life will cope here in the future remains to be seen. 331 00:48:15,410 --> 00:48:19,809 Finding animals in these vast empty landscapes was a persistent problem 332 00:48:19,810 --> 00:48:21,449 for the Deserts team. 333 00:48:21,450 --> 00:48:24,649 But surely this wouldn't be the case when they set out to film 334 00:48:24,650 --> 00:48:28,150 one of the greatest concentrations of wildlife on earth. 335 00:48:30,850 --> 00:48:35,710 It can't be hard to find a billion locusts, can it? 336 00:48:38,810 --> 00:48:40,369 OK. 337 00:48:40,370 --> 00:48:42,849 With news that freak rains have triggered 338 00:48:42,850 --> 00:48:46,489 a mass emergence of locusts in a remote part of Madagascar, 339 00:48:46,490 --> 00:48:48,630 the team sets off in pursuit. 340 00:48:56,210 --> 00:48:58,529 We've got some young hopper locusts just crossing the road 341 00:48:58,530 --> 00:49:00,929 in front of us here. We've just had to stop the cars. 342 00:49:00,930 --> 00:49:03,769 Here they are, here, all on the side of the road, look. 343 00:49:03,770 --> 00:49:05,769 It looks promising. 344 00:49:05,770 --> 00:49:08,089 But though finding hoppers is easy, 345 00:49:08,090 --> 00:49:10,649 filming them proves more of a challenge. 346 00:49:10,650 --> 00:49:13,809 Can we rethink this? Because it's not really working. 347 00:49:13,810 --> 00:49:15,529 The locusts are really skippy. 348 00:49:15,530 --> 00:49:18,169 Any kind of movement, they just freak out, So we're now doing 349 00:49:18,170 --> 00:49:21,169 our best locust-herding techniques to try to get them to go 350 00:49:21,170 --> 00:49:24,750 in front of the lens, which is proving harder than anticipated. 351 00:49:33,730 --> 00:49:37,630 This is my Monday morning locust-herding jazz hands. 352 00:49:54,730 --> 00:49:56,569 - Ah! - What? What's that? 353 00:49:56,570 --> 00:49:58,270 - What? - It's a wasp nest. 354 00:50:01,970 --> 00:50:05,489 Soon, the crew find themselves surrounded by locusts. 355 00:50:05,490 --> 00:50:08,510 No need for jazz hands now. 356 00:50:12,290 --> 00:50:16,169 It's a good start, but the team still need to film the winged swarms 357 00:50:16,170 --> 00:50:17,990 that complete the story. 358 00:50:22,170 --> 00:50:25,689 But, once airborne, they can travel 60 miles a day, 359 00:50:25,690 --> 00:50:28,110 so finding a swarm won't be easy. 360 00:50:31,530 --> 00:50:35,289 Fortunately, the UN's Food and Agriculture Organisation 361 00:50:35,290 --> 00:50:37,590 are here, too, to help. 362 00:50:40,970 --> 00:50:44,209 The FAO are on a mission to eradicate the plagues 363 00:50:44,210 --> 00:50:47,449 decimating crops across Madagascar, 364 00:50:47,450 --> 00:50:52,169 and if anyone knows where the locusts are, 365 00:50:52,170 --> 00:50:55,529 it's the local expert, Hasibelo. 366 00:50:55,530 --> 00:50:58,470 He thinks that they are moving this way. 367 00:51:00,810 --> 00:51:03,350 Time to go swarm-chasing. 368 00:51:06,050 --> 00:51:09,369 But chasing is the operative word. 369 00:51:09,370 --> 00:51:12,910 The locusts always seem one step ahead. 370 00:51:14,370 --> 00:51:16,729 It's amazing, really, because this plan's completely 371 00:51:16,730 --> 00:51:19,769 - radically changing, hour by hour. - We now have to travel 372 00:51:19,770 --> 00:51:23,049 several hours further north, which is... 373 00:51:23,050 --> 00:51:25,030 - a bit of a pain. - It's a bit of a pain. 374 00:51:28,370 --> 00:51:30,409 As they venture into the unknown, 375 00:51:30,410 --> 00:51:33,710 it's clear it's been a very wet year indeed. 376 00:51:40,450 --> 00:51:44,649 Traffic is one thing, but boats on the road? 377 00:51:44,650 --> 00:51:46,830 Unconventional traffic. 378 00:51:51,130 --> 00:51:54,670 Progress is slow, and soon stops altogether. 379 00:52:00,410 --> 00:52:04,790 The locusts are just across the water, so the team must follow... 380 00:52:07,170 --> 00:52:08,950 ...on this. 381 00:52:10,650 --> 00:52:13,150 What could possibly go wrong? 382 00:52:18,010 --> 00:52:22,049 We're now stuck on, possibly, the world's most antiquated raft 383 00:52:22,050 --> 00:52:24,969 trying to cross a very fast-flowing river. 384 00:52:24,970 --> 00:52:27,569 But, onwards and upwards. 385 00:52:27,570 --> 00:52:31,049 We've now got an hour-long river crossing, and we'll just have to see 386 00:52:31,050 --> 00:52:32,790 what's on the other side. 387 00:52:49,610 --> 00:52:53,270 With the river behind them, it should be plain sailing. 388 00:52:57,050 --> 00:53:00,769 But once across, the team discovers that, yet again, 389 00:53:00,770 --> 00:53:03,310 the locusts are nowhere to be seen. 390 00:53:10,050 --> 00:53:11,889 And, after two weeks on the road, 391 00:53:11,890 --> 00:53:15,630 the local street food is beginning to take its toll. 392 00:53:19,170 --> 00:53:23,550 So Ed's not very well. Been yacking up and... 393 00:53:24,490 --> 00:53:27,529 And not very nice stomach. 394 00:53:27,530 --> 00:53:29,169 We just need to do whatever it takes now 395 00:53:29,170 --> 00:53:32,289 to get us to where the swarms are. 396 00:53:32,290 --> 00:53:34,750 The next day, the team forges on. 397 00:53:36,730 --> 00:53:38,310 Briefly. 398 00:53:42,250 --> 00:53:44,649 Here's Jamal, our driver. 399 00:53:44,650 --> 00:53:46,710 What do we think? Yeah? 400 00:53:47,450 --> 00:53:49,089 No? 401 00:53:49,090 --> 00:53:52,249 The road has turned into a bog. 402 00:53:52,250 --> 00:53:54,729 The cars can go no further. 403 00:53:54,730 --> 00:53:58,449 We need to cross this area of water to get to the savanna 404 00:53:58,450 --> 00:54:00,470 and find our locust swarms. 405 00:54:01,250 --> 00:54:04,489 And it's amazing to think that, with the combined might of the 406 00:54:04,490 --> 00:54:10,030 United Nations and the BBC, we are eventually defeated by a puddle. 407 00:54:11,730 --> 00:54:13,990 Back to the drawing board. 408 00:54:17,970 --> 00:54:21,030 Once again, it's Hasibelo to the rescue. 409 00:54:22,530 --> 00:54:24,070 Well, we have a plan. 410 00:54:27,570 --> 00:54:30,049 Taking to the air was never on the cards, 411 00:54:30,050 --> 00:54:32,569 but thanks to the FAO's helicopter, 412 00:54:32,570 --> 00:54:36,230 the team can now play the locusts at their own game. 413 00:54:59,810 --> 00:55:01,230 More smoke? 414 00:55:04,730 --> 00:55:07,990 This time, it's a billion locusts... 415 00:55:16,170 --> 00:55:19,670 ...and one very relieved producer. 416 00:55:32,370 --> 00:55:35,209 Woohoo! 417 00:55:35,210 --> 00:55:39,510 Against the odds, the team has located a super-swarm. 418 00:55:57,250 --> 00:56:00,489 This is exactly what we've been looking for. We've driven halfway 419 00:56:00,490 --> 00:56:03,609 across Madagascar to one of the most remote parts there is. 420 00:56:03,610 --> 00:56:07,289 It's just been a nightmare, but, finally, we're here. 421 00:56:07,290 --> 00:56:10,129 I mean, this is the biggest swarm we could have even hoped for. 422 00:56:10,130 --> 00:56:11,529 It is just amazing. 423 00:56:11,530 --> 00:56:13,910 Look at here, I'm going to film here. 424 00:56:15,250 --> 00:56:18,569 It's incredibly exhilarating, and yet totally shocking, 425 00:56:18,570 --> 00:56:21,809 to think of the devastation that swarms like this are causing. 426 00:56:21,810 --> 00:56:24,889 It just makes you realise how important the FAO are 427 00:56:24,890 --> 00:56:27,790 in getting this under control. 428 00:56:31,090 --> 00:56:32,529 I'm just going to run through it. 429 00:56:32,530 --> 00:56:34,790 I should be naked for this, but... 430 00:56:49,450 --> 00:56:53,689 Thankfully, Rob kept his clothes on, and, more importantly, 431 00:56:53,690 --> 00:56:56,089 this plague has now been halted, 432 00:56:56,090 --> 00:56:59,729 but not before the team had witnessed one of the biggest swarms 433 00:56:59,730 --> 00:57:01,390 ever recorded on film. 434 00:57:13,970 --> 00:57:18,849 Next time, we journey to the world's great plains, 435 00:57:18,850 --> 00:57:24,110 where spectacular gatherings of wildlife cope with extreme change... 436 00:57:26,170 --> 00:57:30,790 ...and surprising creatures survive in unexpected ways.