1
00:00:01,600 --> 00:00:05,066
{\an8}♪♪
2
00:00:05,100 --> 00:00:07,466
{\an7}-The Tower of London...
3
00:00:07,500 --> 00:00:09,266
{\an8}Hampton Court...
4
00:00:09,300 --> 00:00:11,833
{\an1}and Kensington Palace.
5
00:00:11,866 --> 00:00:14,966
{\an1}These three royal palaces
tell the story
6
00:00:15,000 --> 00:00:18,733
{\an1}of almost a thousand years
of British monarchy,
7
00:00:18,766 --> 00:00:23,100
{\an1}from William the Conqueror
to Princess Diana.
8
00:00:23,133 --> 00:00:26,500
{\an1}They're the jewels in the crown
of Britain's heritage,
9
00:00:26,533 --> 00:00:29,300
and every year,
millions flock to visit them...
10
00:00:29,333 --> 00:00:31,000
{\an1}[ Indistinct conversations ]
11
00:00:31,033 --> 00:00:32,233
[ Bells tolling ]
12
00:00:32,266 --> 00:00:37,166
{\an1}...except in 2020,
when the global pandemic
13
00:00:37,200 --> 00:00:41,533
{\an1}meant their doors were shutand their treasures locked away.
14
00:00:41,566 --> 00:00:42,966
{\an1}Good morning!
15
00:00:43,000 --> 00:00:45,533
{\an1}-Good morning, Lucy!
-[ Laughs ]
16
00:00:45,566 --> 00:00:49,233
{\an1}But my job is chief curator
at historical palaces,
17
00:00:49,266 --> 00:00:52,400
{\an1}which means I've got the keys!
18
00:00:52,433 --> 00:00:54,433
{\an8}♪♪
19
00:00:54,466 --> 00:00:56,633
{\an1}In this program, I'll take you
20
00:00:56,666 --> 00:01:01,900
{\an1}on a very special tour
of these deserted palaces.
21
00:01:01,933 --> 00:01:04,133
{\an1}It's ever so creepy here
at night.
22
00:01:04,166 --> 00:01:06,233
I'll discover
how they've evolved
23
00:01:06,266 --> 00:01:09,333
{\an1}from high-security fortress
to pleasure palace...
24
00:01:09,366 --> 00:01:12,300
{\an1}Oh, goody! It's my wine.
25
00:01:12,333 --> 00:01:14,833
{\an1}...royal residence
to family home.
26
00:01:14,866 --> 00:01:16,233
[ Clicks teeth ]
27
00:01:16,266 --> 00:01:19,666
{\an1}And I'll show them off
at their most spectacular...
28
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{\an1}Isn't that stunning?
29
00:01:21,066 --> 00:01:23,433
{\an1}...and their most surprising.
30
00:01:23,466 --> 00:01:26,166
{\an1}This is like opening the world's
best birthday present.
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{\an1}-This is genuinely exciting.
32
00:01:28,133 --> 00:01:32,600
{\an8}♪♪
33
00:01:32,633 --> 00:01:35,066
{\an8}-So come with me
behind the scenes
34
00:01:35,100 --> 00:01:39,566
{\an7}to reveal the secrets
of Britain's royal residences!
35
00:01:39,600 --> 00:01:47,900
♪♪
36
00:01:51,366 --> 00:02:00,266
{\an8}♪♪
37
00:02:00,300 --> 00:02:04,900
{\an1}-The Tower of London is
Britain's oldest royal palace.
38
00:02:04,933 --> 00:02:06,600
{\an8}♪♪
39
00:02:06,633 --> 00:02:10,333
{\an1}It's also a fortress,
a prison...
40
00:02:10,366 --> 00:02:11,833
{\an1}and one of the properties
41
00:02:11,866 --> 00:02:14,633
{\an1}that I'm lucky enough
to help look after.
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00:02:14,666 --> 00:02:16,733
{\an8}♪♪
43
00:02:16,766 --> 00:02:19,633
{\an1}Normally, they'd be literally
thousands of visitors
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00:02:19,666 --> 00:02:21,166
{\an1}all rushing in here,
45
00:02:21,200 --> 00:02:24,500
{\an1}so to be all alone feels strange
46
00:02:24,533 --> 00:02:26,766
{\an7}and really quite eerie.
47
00:02:26,800 --> 00:02:29,200
{\an8}But the upside is
it's a privilege
48
00:02:29,233 --> 00:02:31,233
{\an1}to have this place to myself.
49
00:02:31,266 --> 00:02:34,100
{\an1}And it also gives me
the opportunity to take
you
50
00:02:34,133 --> 00:02:37,200
{\an1}right into the heart
of the fortress.
51
00:02:37,233 --> 00:02:43,633
{\an8}♪♪
52
00:02:43,666 --> 00:02:46,033
{\an1}At the castle's very center
53
00:02:46,066 --> 00:02:50,866
{\an1}stands its oldest building,
the White Tower.
54
00:02:50,900 --> 00:02:54,166
{\an1}Begun in the 1070s,
its walls bear witness
55
00:02:54,200 --> 00:02:59,733
{\an1}to nearly a thousand years
of history.
56
00:02:59,766 --> 00:03:03,533
{\an1}It was built to be
an impenetrable stronghold
57
00:03:03,566 --> 00:03:06,800
{\an1}surrounded by a ring
of fortifications.
58
00:03:06,833 --> 00:03:14,100
{\an8}♪♪
59
00:03:14,133 --> 00:03:15,966
Even when
it's closed to visitors,
60
00:03:16,000 --> 00:03:20,300
{\an1}the tower is still home
to its permanent residents --
61
00:03:20,333 --> 00:03:22,866
the ravens...
62
00:03:22,900 --> 00:03:25,600
{\an1}and the Yeomen Warders,
or Beefeaters.
63
00:03:25,633 --> 00:03:28,500
[ Man whistling ]
64
00:03:28,533 --> 00:03:32,766
{\an7}Tonight, Shady Lane
is on dinner duty.
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00:03:32,800 --> 00:03:34,733
{\an1}-Right. This is Poppy.
With the red band.
66
00:03:34,766 --> 00:03:36,333
Here you go.
67
00:03:36,366 --> 00:03:37,866
-Ooh!
-There you go.
68
00:03:37,900 --> 00:03:40,533
{\an1}George. [ Whistling ]
69
00:03:40,566 --> 00:03:42,533
George.
70
00:03:42,566 --> 00:03:45,366
-[ Gasps ]
-[ Laughs ]
71
00:03:45,400 --> 00:03:50,100
{\an8}♪♪
72
00:03:50,133 --> 00:03:51,966
-He's buried it.
Is that for later?
73
00:03:52,000 --> 00:03:54,200
A little snack?
-Certainly is, yeah. They --
74
00:03:54,233 --> 00:03:55,966
{\an1}I think they prefer their --
75
00:03:56,000 --> 00:03:57,833
{\an1}A little on the turn,
they prefer their meat,
76
00:03:57,866 --> 00:04:01,833
{\an1}and that's why they'll bury it
and they'll come back later on.
77
00:04:01,866 --> 00:04:04,600
{\an1}-So what's the secret whistle
that tells them to come in?
78
00:04:04,633 --> 00:04:06,000
{\an1}-It's really simple.
79
00:04:06,033 --> 00:04:07,866
-[ Whistles ]
-[ Imitates whistle ]
80
00:04:07,900 --> 00:04:10,100
{\an1}-There you go. You got it.
81
00:04:10,133 --> 00:04:13,400
-They're coming!
-[ Laughs ]
82
00:04:13,433 --> 00:04:16,133
{\an1}-No one knows exactly
how long they've been here.
83
00:04:16,166 --> 00:04:19,466
{\an1}Perhaps they first came to feast
on the corpses of traitors.
84
00:04:19,500 --> 00:04:21,933
But it's been
at least 400 years.
85
00:04:21,966 --> 00:04:24,966
{\an1}When Sir Walter Raleigh
the Elizabethan adventurer
86
00:04:25,000 --> 00:04:27,266
was in prison --
just there, actually --
87
00:04:27,300 --> 00:04:29,033
he wrote a letter
to a friend saying,
88
00:04:29,066 --> 00:04:31,300
{\an1}"I hope the Ravens
don't eat me up."
89
00:04:31,333 --> 00:04:35,166
After all,
they feed on all things.
90
00:04:35,200 --> 00:04:38,700
{\an1}-Here you go. Good boy.
91
00:04:38,733 --> 00:04:41,000
-Shh.
Don't tell the Beefeaters,
92
00:04:41,033 --> 00:04:43,100
but it's clear
who's
really
in charge
93
00:04:43,133 --> 00:04:44,566
{\an1}at the Tower of London.
94
00:04:44,600 --> 00:04:46,766
[ Crow cawing ]
95
00:04:46,800 --> 00:04:49,233
{\an1}Good night, ladies.
96
00:04:49,266 --> 00:04:51,933
{\an1}Good night, gentlemen.
97
00:04:51,966 --> 00:04:55,533
Enjoy your mice.
See you in the morning.
98
00:04:55,566 --> 00:04:57,800
{\an1}Take care of the kingdom
overnight.
99
00:04:57,833 --> 00:05:01,533
{\an8}♪♪
100
00:05:01,566 --> 00:05:02,800
[ Crow caws ]
101
00:05:02,833 --> 00:05:05,466
[ Bell tolling ]
102
00:05:05,500 --> 00:05:10,666
{\an8}♪♪
103
00:05:10,700 --> 00:05:14,400
{\an1}It's claimed that if the ravens
ever leave the tower,
104
00:05:14,433 --> 00:05:18,933
then the kingdom
and the tower itself will fall.
105
00:05:18,966 --> 00:05:21,566
{\an1}It's ever so creepy here
at night.
106
00:05:21,600 --> 00:05:23,900
{\an8}♪♪
107
00:05:23,933 --> 00:05:26,733
{\an1}The legend of the ravens
is said to date back
108
00:05:26,766 --> 00:05:29,333
at least as far
as the 17th century,
109
00:05:29,366 --> 00:05:31,700
when this turret
at the White Tower
110
00:05:31,733 --> 00:05:34,133
{\an1}had a rather unusual purpose.
111
00:05:34,166 --> 00:05:39,100
{\an8}♪♪
112
00:05:39,133 --> 00:05:43,366
{\an1}300 years ago, you might
have come across John Flamsteed
113
00:05:43,400 --> 00:05:46,133
{\an1}bringing his telescopes
up these stairs.
114
00:05:46,166 --> 00:05:48,900
{\an1}He'd been given permission
by King Charles II
115
00:05:48,933 --> 00:05:51,566
{\an1}to use this turret
as his observatory.
116
00:05:51,600 --> 00:05:54,400
{\an1}He'd just been made
Astronomer Royal.
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00:05:54,433 --> 00:05:57,633
{\an1}And the White Tower was a
great choice for an observatory
118
00:05:57,666 --> 00:05:59,400
{\an1}because it was still then
119
00:05:59,433 --> 00:06:02,333
{\an1}one of the very tallest
buildings in London.
120
00:06:02,366 --> 00:06:04,533
{\an8}♪♪
121
00:06:04,566 --> 00:06:08,266
{\an1}Here, Flamsteed set to work
on an all-important mission --
122
00:06:08,300 --> 00:06:11,100
{\an1}using the positions
of the moon and stars
123
00:06:11,133 --> 00:06:14,133
{\an1}to calculate longitude.
124
00:06:14,166 --> 00:06:19,366
{\an1}Solving this mystery was the key
to accurate navigation at sea.
125
00:06:19,400 --> 00:06:22,300
{\an1}There was just the one problem.
126
00:06:22,333 --> 00:06:24,600
{\an1}The ravens kept leaving
their droppings
127
00:06:24,633 --> 00:06:26,833
{\an1}on Flamsteed's telescope.
128
00:06:26,866 --> 00:06:29,133
{\an1}So he went to Charles II,
and he said,
129
00:06:29,166 --> 00:06:31,266
{\an1}"Will you please banish
these wretched ravens
130
00:06:31,300 --> 00:06:33,333
{\an1}out of the Tower of London?"
131
00:06:33,366 --> 00:06:36,000
The King said,
"I cannot do that,
132
00:06:36,033 --> 00:06:38,833
{\an1}because if the ravens
leave the Tower of London,
133
00:06:38,866 --> 00:06:42,100
{\an1}then the kingdom will fall."
134
00:06:42,133 --> 00:06:44,200
Instead,
Charles II built Flamsteed
135
00:06:44,233 --> 00:06:48,400
{\an1}a lovely new observatory
down the river at Greenwich.
136
00:06:48,433 --> 00:06:53,933
{\an8}♪♪
137
00:06:53,966 --> 00:06:56,900
That link between
the strength of this castle
138
00:06:56,933 --> 00:07:01,233
{\an1}and the strength of the nation
stretches back 10 centuries
139
00:07:01,266 --> 00:07:04,000
{\an1}to when the White Tower
was built.
140
00:07:04,033 --> 00:07:06,800
{\an8}♪♪
141
00:07:06,833 --> 00:07:09,300
{\an1}In 1066, William the Conqueror
142
00:07:09,333 --> 00:07:12,900
{\an1}and his Norman army
invaded England.
143
00:07:12,933 --> 00:07:15,600
{\an1}[ Soldiers shouting ]
144
00:07:15,633 --> 00:07:17,966
{\an1}After defeating the English army
145
00:07:18,000 --> 00:07:20,633
and killing
the Anglo-Saxon king,
146
00:07:20,666 --> 00:07:23,500
{\an1}William was crowned
in his place.
147
00:07:23,533 --> 00:07:27,366
{\an1}He knew that Norman rule
who could only be imposed
148
00:07:27,400 --> 00:07:29,900
by brute force.
149
00:07:29,933 --> 00:07:31,266
{\an1}Within a few years,
150
00:07:31,300 --> 00:07:34,266
he'd begun work
on the Tower of London.
151
00:07:34,300 --> 00:07:36,600
{\an1}It would leave his new subjects
152
00:07:36,633 --> 00:07:39,633
in no doubt
about who was in charge.
153
00:07:39,666 --> 00:07:43,400
{\an1}Some historians used to see
England before the Normans
154
00:07:43,433 --> 00:07:48,133
{\an1}as primitive, backward,
stuck in the Dark Ages.
155
00:07:48,166 --> 00:07:50,200
{\an1}It's a bit more complicated
than that.
156
00:07:50,233 --> 00:07:52,333
But it is true
that when the White Tower
157
00:07:52,366 --> 00:07:54,466
{\an1}went up in the 11th century,
158
00:07:54,500 --> 00:07:56,600
it wasn't just
a formidable building --
159
00:07:56,633 --> 00:08:00,133
it was also
a shockingly modern one.
160
00:08:00,166 --> 00:08:04,433
{\an1}No one in England had ever seen
anything like it before.
161
00:08:04,466 --> 00:08:13,133
{\an8}♪♪
162
00:08:13,166 --> 00:08:16,400
{\an1}In an age of timber
and thatched buildings,
163
00:08:16,433 --> 00:08:19,933
{\an1}Londoners must have been
shocked and awed
164
00:08:19,966 --> 00:08:22,466
{\an1}by these monumental
stone walls --
165
00:08:22,500 --> 00:08:24,433
90 feet tall...
166
00:08:24,466 --> 00:08:27,500
and 15 feet thick at their base.
167
00:08:27,533 --> 00:08:32,133
{\an8}♪♪
168
00:08:32,166 --> 00:08:35,700
{\an1}But the White Tower
was more than just a statement
169
00:08:35,733 --> 00:08:38,633
{\an1}of the Normans' military might.
170
00:08:38,666 --> 00:08:45,700
{\an8}♪♪
171
00:08:45,733 --> 00:08:49,400
{\an1}It was also a showcase,
for the beauty
172
00:08:49,433 --> 00:08:53,600
{\an1}and sophistication
of their architecture and art.
173
00:08:53,633 --> 00:08:59,133
{\an8}♪♪
174
00:08:59,166 --> 00:09:01,633
{\an8}This chapel is my favorite place
175
00:09:01,666 --> 00:09:04,266
in the whole
of the Tower of London.
176
00:09:04,300 --> 00:09:12,400
{\an8}♪♪
177
00:09:12,433 --> 00:09:14,600
The chapel
is one of the country's
178
00:09:14,633 --> 00:09:17,066
{\an1}earliest Norman churches,
179
00:09:17,100 --> 00:09:21,400
{\an1}and it was probably builtfor the use of the royal family.
180
00:09:21,433 --> 00:09:22,900
{\an1}What I really love
181
00:09:22,933 --> 00:09:26,100
is the simplicity
of the carvings on the columns.
182
00:09:26,133 --> 00:09:28,466
{\an1}It's almost minimalism.
183
00:09:28,500 --> 00:09:29,966
{\an1}And I also like the contrast
184
00:09:30,000 --> 00:09:33,266
{\an1}between the formidable fortress
outside
185
00:09:33,300 --> 00:09:35,733
{\an1}and the serenity in here.
186
00:09:35,766 --> 00:09:42,900
{\an8}♪♪
187
00:09:42,933 --> 00:09:50,066
{\an8}♪♪
188
00:09:50,100 --> 00:09:57,266
{\an8}♪♪
189
00:09:57,300 --> 00:10:01,633
{\an1}The White Tower was designed
to impress and inspire.
190
00:10:01,666 --> 00:10:05,700
{\an1}But it also had to meet
more practical needs.
191
00:10:05,733 --> 00:10:07,733
{\an1}I do love the chapel,
192
00:10:07,766 --> 00:10:11,333
{\an1}but I also love what's
tucked away in this corner.
193
00:10:11,366 --> 00:10:14,066
{\an1}This was a very innovative
piece of design,
194
00:10:14,100 --> 00:10:16,333
{\an1}one of the first of its type
in the country.
195
00:10:16,366 --> 00:10:19,700
{\an1}It's one of the six
White Tower garderobes,
196
00:10:19,733 --> 00:10:21,033
or toilets!
197
00:10:21,066 --> 00:10:27,500
{\an8}♪♪
198
00:10:27,533 --> 00:10:29,600
{\an1}Very simple in design
but very clever.
199
00:10:29,633 --> 00:10:31,566
{\an1}You keep the White Tower clean
200
00:10:31,600 --> 00:10:33,900
because the poo
goes down the hole.
201
00:10:33,933 --> 00:10:35,133
{\an1}[ Slide whistle! Ding! ]
202
00:10:35,166 --> 00:10:38,366
{\an1}But there's a problem --
no drainpipes.
203
00:10:38,400 --> 00:10:40,833
{\an1}Which meant that all the waste
came running down
204
00:10:40,866 --> 00:10:43,100
{\an1}the beautiful white walls
of the White Tower,
205
00:10:43,133 --> 00:10:46,066
{\an1}not the sort of elegant
and sophisticated impression
206
00:10:46,100 --> 00:10:48,100
{\an1}the Normans wanted to make.
207
00:10:48,133 --> 00:10:50,466
{\an8}♪♪
208
00:10:50,500 --> 00:10:54,000
{\an8}The builders of the White Tower,
though, had thought about this,
209
00:10:54,033 --> 00:10:56,533
{\an1}and they have placed the toilets
210
00:10:56,566 --> 00:10:58,866
{\an8}on the back side
of the building,
211
00:10:58,900 --> 00:11:01,033
{\an8}not the side
overlooking the river
212
00:11:01,066 --> 00:11:04,566
{\an8}or the side
that faces the city of London.
213
00:11:04,600 --> 00:11:07,733
{\an1}This meant that the conquered
Londoners would not be able
214
00:11:07,766 --> 00:11:12,266
{\an1}to see the dirty little secrets
of their new Normal rulers.
215
00:11:12,300 --> 00:11:14,166
{\an8}♪♪
216
00:11:14,200 --> 00:11:17,100
{\an1}Besides being a palace
and a fortress,
217
00:11:17,133 --> 00:11:18,666
{\an1}the tower's mighty walls
218
00:11:18,700 --> 00:11:24,233
{\an1}meant it soon became the most
notorious prison in the land.
219
00:11:24,266 --> 00:11:27,666
{\an1}Over nine centuries,
everyone
220
00:11:24,266 --> 00:11:27,666
was held here,
221
00:11:27,700 --> 00:11:30,600
{\an1}from Gunpowder Plotter
Guy Fawkes
222
00:11:30,633 --> 00:11:35,300
{\an1}to Nazi leader Rudolf Hess.
223
00:11:35,333 --> 00:11:39,200
{\an1}But the tower's first prisoner
was a Norman bishop,
224
00:11:39,233 --> 00:11:41,200
Ranulf Flambard.
225
00:11:41,233 --> 00:11:45,133
{\an1}Flambard was described
as eloquent, intelligent,
226
00:11:45,166 --> 00:11:47,233
and handsome.
227
00:11:47,266 --> 00:11:49,766
{\an1}Medieval bishops were some
of the most powerful people
228
00:11:49,800 --> 00:11:52,400
in England,
and Flambard wormed his way
229
00:11:52,433 --> 00:11:56,766
into the position of top adviser
to King William II.
230
00:11:56,800 --> 00:12:00,133
{\an1}But he
does
sound like
a nasty piece of work.
231
00:12:00,166 --> 00:12:01,800
{\an1}He abused his position.
232
00:12:01,833 --> 00:12:05,000
It's said
that he
skinned
the rich
233
00:12:05,033 --> 00:12:07,266
{\an1}andground
234
00:12:05,033 --> 00:12:07,266
down the poor!
235
00:12:07,300 --> 00:12:11,833
{\an8}♪♪
236
00:12:11,866 --> 00:12:15,000
When a new king
came to the throne in 1100,
237
00:12:15,033 --> 00:12:17,633
{\an1}Flambard was stripped
of his position
238
00:12:17,666 --> 00:12:20,500
{\an1}and led in chains to the tower.
239
00:12:20,533 --> 00:12:22,533
{\an1}Now, you might think
that being kept prisoner
240
00:12:22,566 --> 00:12:26,466
{\an1}in the Tower of London musthave been a dreadful experience,
241
00:12:26,500 --> 00:12:30,133
{\an1}but not necessarily so.
242
00:12:30,166 --> 00:12:32,600
{\an1}This wasn't an ordinary prison
for criminals.
243
00:12:32,633 --> 00:12:36,500
{\an1}It was a prison for
important enemies of the state.
244
00:12:36,533 --> 00:12:41,133
{\an1}You could expect to be
looked after rather well.
245
00:12:41,166 --> 00:12:43,900
{\an1}This medieval chronicle
tells us that Flambard,
246
00:12:43,933 --> 00:12:47,866
{\an1}for example, "fed sumptuously"
when he was in here,
247
00:12:47,900 --> 00:12:50,700
{\an1}and every day he was given
a "splendid table" --
248
00:12:50,733 --> 00:12:54,500
that's a feast -
for himself and his keepers.
249
00:12:54,533 --> 00:12:56,200
Hm!
250
00:12:56,233 --> 00:12:58,066
{\an8}♪♪
251
00:12:58,100 --> 00:13:01,666
And on the
Feast of Candlemas, 1101,
252
00:13:01,700 --> 00:13:05,733
{\an1}he arranged a special delivery
to his cell.
253
00:13:05,766 --> 00:13:08,433
{\an1}Oh, goody! It's my wine.
254
00:13:08,466 --> 00:13:11,033
{\an8}♪♪
255
00:13:11,066 --> 00:13:12,800
[ Straining ]
256
00:13:12,833 --> 00:13:15,533
{\an8}♪♪
257
00:13:15,566 --> 00:13:18,233
{\an1}Flambard invited his guards
to join him
258
00:13:18,266 --> 00:13:21,166
{\an1}for a particularly good dinner.
259
00:13:21,200 --> 00:13:24,966
{\an1}He got them so drunk
that they all passed out,
260
00:13:25,000 --> 00:13:28,300
{\an1}and then he put his plan
into action.
261
00:13:28,333 --> 00:13:32,300
{\an1}Because what was inside the
barrel wasn't, in fact, wine.
262
00:13:32,333 --> 00:13:36,000
{\an1}It was a rope that he was
now going to use to escape.
263
00:13:36,033 --> 00:13:37,833
[ Hisses ]
264
00:13:37,866 --> 00:13:44,366
{\an8}♪♪
265
00:13:44,400 --> 00:13:51,033
{\an7}Now, this wasn't the most
swashbuckling of escapes.
266
00:13:51,066 --> 00:13:53,266
{\an7}Flambard did go down his rope
267
00:13:53,300 --> 00:13:56,433
{\an7}with his bishop's crozier
in his hand. [Chuckles]
268
00:13:56,466 --> 00:13:59,033
{\an7}But silly guy forgot his gloves,
269
00:13:59,066 --> 00:14:01,700
{\an8}and his hands
got all rubbed raw.
270
00:14:01,733 --> 00:14:03,533
{\an7}Ouch! [Inhales sharply]
271
00:14:03,566 --> 00:14:07,500
{\an8}♪♪
272
00:14:07,533 --> 00:14:09,233
[ Boing! ]
Ooh! Ahh!
273
00:14:09,266 --> 00:14:12,366
{\an1}And when he got to the bottom,
274
00:14:12,400 --> 00:14:15,566
{\an1}the bishop realized
that his rope was too short.
275
00:14:15,600 --> 00:14:19,400
{\an1}That medieval chronicler
tells us that the portly bishop
276
00:14:19,433 --> 00:14:23,633
{\an1}lay bruised on the ground,
groaning piteously.
277
00:14:23,666 --> 00:14:26,633
{\an1}But the main thing
was that he was out,
278
00:14:26,666 --> 00:14:29,433
{\an1}and his accomplices
took him away by boat.
279
00:14:29,466 --> 00:14:31,800
{\an1}So Bishop Flambard
280
00:14:31,833 --> 00:14:34,566
{\an1}was the first prisoner
at the Tower of London,
281
00:14:34,600 --> 00:14:36,433
and he was also
the first to prove
282
00:14:36,466 --> 00:14:39,166
that the security
at the mighty fortress
283
00:14:39,200 --> 00:14:42,066
{\an1}wasn't always quite
what it should have been.
284
00:14:42,100 --> 00:14:44,533
{\an8}♪♪
285
00:14:44,566 --> 00:14:48,133
{\an1}Over the years, thousands of
prisoners have been held here,
286
00:14:48,166 --> 00:14:51,733
{\an1}but just 40 have escaped
these walls.
287
00:14:51,766 --> 00:14:58,333
{\an8}♪♪
288
00:14:58,366 --> 00:15:05,033
{\an8}♪♪
289
00:15:05,066 --> 00:15:07,900
{\an1}More than 400 years
after it was built,
290
00:15:07,933 --> 00:15:09,700
the tower remains
the centerpiece
291
00:15:09,733 --> 00:15:14,400
{\an1}for some of the most important
moments in royal history.
292
00:15:14,433 --> 00:15:19,733
{\an1}In 1509, King Henry VIII
followed royal tradition
293
00:15:19,766 --> 00:15:23,233
{\an1}by staying at the tower
before his coronation.
294
00:15:23,266 --> 00:15:27,300
{\an1}And in spring 1533,
his second wife, Anne Boleyn,
295
00:15:27,333 --> 00:15:31,233
{\an1}also came to the tower
before being crowned queen.
296
00:15:31,266 --> 00:15:33,766
{\an1}On the 29th of May, 1533,
297
00:15:33,800 --> 00:15:36,833
{\an1}Anne traveled up the river
from Greenwich by barge,
298
00:15:36,866 --> 00:15:39,633
and she landed
right here at these steps,
299
00:15:39,666 --> 00:15:41,400
{\an1}and her arrival was greeted
300
00:15:41,433 --> 00:15:44,733
by the firing
of a thousand cannon.
301
00:15:44,766 --> 00:15:47,066
[ Cannon fires ]
302
00:15:47,100 --> 00:15:49,666
{\an8}♪♪
303
00:15:49,700 --> 00:15:53,300
{\an1}Anne entered the tower through
the
special
royal entrance.
304
00:15:53,333 --> 00:15:57,433
{\an8}♪♪
305
00:15:57,466 --> 00:15:59,300
Then, as now,
306
00:15:59,333 --> 00:16:02,566
{\an1}it was out of bounds
to ordinary mortals.
307
00:16:02,600 --> 00:16:08,900
{\an8}♪♪
308
00:16:08,933 --> 00:16:11,933
Next, she came
through these gates.
309
00:16:11,966 --> 00:16:13,666
{\an1}The wood's been tested,
310
00:16:13,700 --> 00:16:16,400
and we know
that they're very same ones
311
00:16:16,433 --> 00:16:20,466
{\an1}that she passed through
nearly 500 years ago.
312
00:16:20,500 --> 00:16:23,933
{\an1}Then she was welcomed to the
tower by her husband, Henry,
313
00:16:23,966 --> 00:16:28,566
{\an1}and it's said that he cupped
and stroked her pregnant belly.
314
00:16:28,600 --> 00:16:30,700
[ Choir singing ]
315
00:16:30,733 --> 00:16:36,066
{\an8}♪♪
316
00:16:36,100 --> 00:16:39,566
{\an1}All this pomp and ceremony
was part of Henry's bid
317
00:16:39,600 --> 00:16:44,366
{\an1}to legitimize Anne
as England's rightful queen
318
00:16:44,400 --> 00:16:48,966
{\an1}and to establish her unbornchild as his rightful successor,
319
00:16:49,000 --> 00:16:53,133
{\an1}his longed-for son and heir.
320
00:16:53,166 --> 00:16:57,533
{\an7}Henry had had the tower done up
for Anne's coronation,
321
00:16:57,566 --> 00:16:59,100
{\an7}adding those pepperpot domes
322
00:16:59,133 --> 00:17:02,433
onto the turrets
of the White Tower.
323
00:17:02,466 --> 00:17:04,566
{\an1}Now, with all of this fanfare
324
00:17:04,600 --> 00:17:07,733
{\an1}and all of this fuss
being made about her arrival,
325
00:17:07,766 --> 00:17:13,366
{\an1}for Anne, this must have been
a real moment of triumph.
326
00:17:13,400 --> 00:17:15,566
{\an1}But less than three years later,
327
00:17:15,600 --> 00:17:19,000
Anne's triumph
would turn to disaster.
328
00:17:23,900 --> 00:17:29,633
In May 1536,
she returned to the tower.
329
00:17:29,666 --> 00:17:33,333
She entered
by the same royal gate,
330
00:17:33,366 --> 00:17:38,733
{\an1}but what had been her palace
was now her prison.
331
00:17:38,766 --> 00:17:41,266
After Anne failed
to bear Henry a son,
332
00:17:41,300 --> 00:17:44,066
he was desperate
to end their marriage.
333
00:17:44,100 --> 00:17:48,366
{\an1}He had her arrested
and charged with adultery,
334
00:17:48,400 --> 00:17:52,133
{\an1}incest, and high treason.
335
00:17:52,166 --> 00:17:55,700
{\an1}The constable at the tower,
Sir William Kingston,
336
00:17:55,733 --> 00:17:58,500
{\an1}reported everything
Anne said and did
337
00:17:58,533 --> 00:18:02,566
{\an1}to Henry's chief minister,
Thomas Cromwell.
338
00:18:02,600 --> 00:18:05,000
The day after
Anne arrived at the tower,
339
00:18:05,033 --> 00:18:07,366
{\an1}Kingston wrote a letter
to Cromwell
340
00:18:07,400 --> 00:18:11,333
{\an1}describing her strange
and hysterical behavior.
341
00:18:11,366 --> 00:18:13,833
{\an1}One minute, he said,
she was weeping,
342
00:18:13,866 --> 00:18:16,633
{\an1}the next, she'd fallen
into what he described
343
00:18:16,666 --> 00:18:20,833
{\an1}as a fit of great laughing.
344
00:18:20,866 --> 00:18:24,500
{\an1}Anne was tried and found guilty.
345
00:18:24,533 --> 00:18:27,400
{\an1}Her sentence was death.
346
00:18:27,433 --> 00:18:30,533
{\an1}This is Kingston's last letter
about Anne,
347
00:18:30,566 --> 00:18:34,700
{\an1}written on the very day
that she was to die.
348
00:18:34,733 --> 00:18:37,733
{\an1}He reports that she'd said
she'd heard
349
00:18:37,766 --> 00:18:40,233
{\an1}that the executioner
was very good
350
00:18:40,266 --> 00:18:45,500
{\an1}and that, in any case,
she had just a little neck.
351
00:18:45,533 --> 00:18:51,000
{\an1}And then she put her hand
about it, laughing heartily.
352
00:18:51,033 --> 00:18:52,533
[ Shudders ]
353
00:18:52,566 --> 00:18:56,066
{\an1}Then he finishes -- and this
is the really macabre bit --
354
00:18:56,100 --> 00:19:01,900
{\an1}that, "This lady has much joy
and pleasure in death."
355
00:19:01,933 --> 00:19:08,800
{\an8}♪♪
356
00:19:08,833 --> 00:19:15,733
{\an8}♪♪
357
00:19:15,766 --> 00:19:18,400
{\an1}Anne may have resigned herself
to her fate,
358
00:19:18,433 --> 00:19:21,666
{\an1}but she still chose the clothes
in which she was to die
359
00:19:21,700 --> 00:19:23,333
with great care.
360
00:19:23,366 --> 00:19:26,033
{\an1}They spoke of her innocence.
361
00:19:26,066 --> 00:19:28,200
On her gown,
she wore the ermine,
362
00:19:28,233 --> 00:19:31,233
{\an1}which was a marker
of her royal status.
363
00:19:31,266 --> 00:19:36,400
{\an1}And her skirt was crimson,
the color of martyrdom.
364
00:19:40,066 --> 00:19:42,466
[ Bell tolling ]
365
00:19:50,600 --> 00:19:54,633
{\an1}On the 19th of May, 1536,
366
00:19:54,666 --> 00:19:59,966
{\an1}a temporary scaffold was erected
close to the White Tower
367
00:20:00,000 --> 00:20:02,000
{\an1}for Anne's execution.
368
00:20:07,000 --> 00:20:10,366
{\an1}Anne made a final speech
from this scaffold,
369
00:20:10,400 --> 00:20:14,400
{\an1}and in it she expressed
her loyalty to her husband.
370
00:20:14,433 --> 00:20:17,166
{\an1}She said that, towards her,
the king had ever been
371
00:20:17,200 --> 00:20:21,966
a good, a gentle,
a sovereign lord.
372
00:20:22,000 --> 00:20:26,366
{\an1}An expert French executioner
had been brought in for Anne,
373
00:20:26,400 --> 00:20:28,900
{\an1}and instead of the usual acts,
374
00:20:28,933 --> 00:20:33,366
{\an1}he sliced off her headwith a single blow of his sword.
375
00:20:35,100 --> 00:20:39,900
{\an1}In her last days, the tower
became Anne's entire world --
376
00:20:39,933 --> 00:20:43,400
her prison,
her place of execution...
377
00:20:43,433 --> 00:20:46,766
{\an1}and then her final
resting place.
378
00:20:46,800 --> 00:20:50,066
{\an8}♪♪
379
00:20:50,100 --> 00:20:52,966
She was buried
in the tower's second church,
380
00:20:53,000 --> 00:20:57,366
the Chapel Royal
of St. Peter ad Vincula.
381
00:20:57,400 --> 00:21:00,600
{\an1}Anne was laid to rest,
not in a proper coffin,
382
00:21:00,633 --> 00:21:04,566
{\an1}but just in an old chest
that had contained arrows.
383
00:21:04,600 --> 00:21:07,600
{\an1}And her burial place
wasn't marked,
384
00:21:07,633 --> 00:21:10,400
{\an1}perhaps so that it wouldn't
become a place of pilgrimage
385
00:21:10,433 --> 00:21:13,633
{\an1}for people who felt
she'd been unjustly killed.
386
00:21:13,666 --> 00:21:18,233
{\an8}♪♪
387
00:21:18,266 --> 00:21:20,166
300 years later,
388
00:21:20,200 --> 00:21:23,866
{\an1}the Victorians did finally
create a memorial to Anne
389
00:21:23,900 --> 00:21:27,266
{\an1}on the place where we think
that her body must be.
390
00:21:27,300 --> 00:21:31,666
{\an1}But...it's a fairly modest
tribute to this queen
391
00:21:31,700 --> 00:21:35,133
{\an1}who looms so large
in English history.
392
00:21:35,166 --> 00:21:39,966
{\an8}♪♪
393
00:21:40,000 --> 00:21:42,933
But in some ways,
the tower itself
394
00:21:42,966 --> 00:21:44,766
{\an1}is Anne's memorial.
395
00:21:44,800 --> 00:21:48,133
It was her palace
and then her prison,
396
00:21:48,166 --> 00:21:51,700
{\an1}the place that saw
the very beginning of her reign
397
00:21:51,733 --> 00:21:54,166
and its very end.
398
00:21:54,200 --> 00:21:55,933
{\an8}♪♪
399
00:21:55,966 --> 00:21:58,533
{\an1}Over four centuries
after the Normans
400
00:21:58,566 --> 00:22:02,266
{\an1}built the Tower of London,
King Henry VIII's reign
401
00:22:02,300 --> 00:22:06,566
{\an1}would witness the birth
of a
new
kind of royal palace.
402
00:22:06,600 --> 00:22:12,133
{\an8}♪♪
403
00:22:12,166 --> 00:22:17,700
{\an8}♪♪
404
00:22:17,733 --> 00:22:22,033
Hampton Court,
12 miles southwest of London,
405
00:22:22,066 --> 00:22:26,133
{\an1}was Henry's favorite home.
406
00:22:26,166 --> 00:22:28,100
{\an1}Like the tower, it proclaims
407
00:22:28,133 --> 00:22:30,833
the monarch's
might and magnificence,
408
00:22:30,866 --> 00:22:35,166
{\an1}but
unlike
the tower, it wasn't
an impenetrable fortress.
409
00:22:35,200 --> 00:22:37,333
{\an8}♪♪
410
00:22:37,366 --> 00:22:41,033
{\an1}Hampton Court's been my office
for 15 years now,
411
00:22:41,066 --> 00:22:45,033
{\an1}but I still get a thrill
every single time I come here,
412
00:22:45,066 --> 00:22:47,533
{\an1}especially when I get to use
the front door.
413
00:22:47,566 --> 00:22:49,300
[ Door creaks ]
414
00:22:49,333 --> 00:22:51,433
{\an8}♪♪
415
00:22:51,466 --> 00:22:54,600
{\an1}Hampton Court didn't start life
as a royal residence,
416
00:22:54,633 --> 00:22:57,933
{\an1}but when Henry VIII moved in
in 1528,
417
00:22:57,966 --> 00:23:02,866
{\an1}he set about transforming it
into a palace fit for a king.
418
00:23:02,900 --> 00:23:11,466
{\an8}♪♪
419
00:23:11,500 --> 00:23:14,900
I'm climbing up
to the big, spooky attic.
420
00:23:14,933 --> 00:23:16,866
{\an1}Visitors don't normally
get to see it,
421
00:23:16,900 --> 00:23:21,600
{\an1}but I think it's one of the mostatmospheric parts of the palace.
422
00:23:21,633 --> 00:23:23,766
{\an1}There's some Tudor plumbing.
423
00:23:23,800 --> 00:23:25,433
{\an1}There's some Georgian woodwork.
424
00:23:25,466 --> 00:23:28,866
{\an1}And look -- we've got
a profusion of antlers!
425
00:23:28,900 --> 00:23:35,033
♪♪
426
00:23:35,066 --> 00:23:36,666
{\an1}We may have to climb
through a window now,
427
00:23:36,700 --> 00:23:40,266
but I promise you
that the view is worth it.
428
00:23:40,300 --> 00:23:48,833
{\an8}♪♪
429
00:23:48,866 --> 00:23:50,933
{\an1}Isn't that stunning?
430
00:23:50,966 --> 00:23:52,900
{\an8}♪♪
431
00:23:52,933 --> 00:23:56,266
{\an1}The king was a man
of huge appetites,
432
00:23:56,300 --> 00:23:58,633
and when he began
renovating the palace,
433
00:23:58,666 --> 00:24:00,866
{\an1}one of his most pressing
concerns
434
00:24:00,900 --> 00:24:05,200
{\an1}was keeping his vast court
well-fed.
435
00:24:05,233 --> 00:24:08,566
{\an1}Just look at this forest
of Tudor chimneys.
436
00:24:08,600 --> 00:24:11,433
{\an1}This whole area is the kitchens.
437
00:24:11,466 --> 00:24:12,966
{\an1}When Henry was in residence,
438
00:24:13,000 --> 00:24:15,266
{\an1}he had up to 800 servants
with him,
439
00:24:15,300 --> 00:24:18,400
{\an1}all of them expecting dinner.
440
00:24:18,433 --> 00:24:21,666
{\an1}There's a Tudor record
that says that these kitchens
441
00:24:21,700 --> 00:24:26,333
in one single day
required 80 sheep,
442
00:24:26,366 --> 00:24:30,366
a dozen fat cows,
18 little calves,
443
00:24:30,400 --> 00:24:34,600
{\an1}and that's not to mentionthe poultry, the game, the deer,
444
00:24:34,633 --> 00:24:37,066
{\an1}the boars, and the rabbits
on top of that.
445
00:24:37,100 --> 00:24:41,966
This was catering
on a gargantuan scale.
446
00:24:42,000 --> 00:24:44,933
{\an1}Henry's improvements
didn't end with the kitchens,
447
00:24:44,966 --> 00:24:46,366
{\an1}and for much of his reign,
448
00:24:46,400 --> 00:24:50,200
Hampton Court
was a building site.
449
00:24:50,233 --> 00:24:53,133
{\an1}The king treated it
as a fabulous stage set
450
00:24:53,166 --> 00:24:55,233
{\an1}that he changed the scenery
451
00:24:55,266 --> 00:24:58,700
{\an1}as often as he changed
his wives.
452
00:24:58,733 --> 00:25:00,466
{\an1}When Henry took over the palace,
453
00:25:00,500 --> 00:25:03,000
{\an1}he was still married
to his first wife,
454
00:25:03,033 --> 00:25:06,700
{\an1}Catherine of Aragon.
455
00:25:06,733 --> 00:25:11,200
{\an1}Catherine of Aragon was known
for wearing the gable hood
456
00:25:11,233 --> 00:25:14,433
{\an1}with its pointed gable
like the gable of a house,
457
00:25:14,466 --> 00:25:18,366
{\an1}and her personal badge
was the pomegranate.
458
00:25:18,400 --> 00:25:26,900
{\an8}♪♪
459
00:25:26,933 --> 00:25:30,866
{\an1}And here is one of Catherine's
personal pomegranates
460
00:25:30,900 --> 00:25:33,500
{\an1}carved into the stone archway.
461
00:25:33,533 --> 00:25:36,433
{\an1}It's one of the few traces
of Henry's first wife
462
00:25:36,466 --> 00:25:39,266
{\an1}to survive at Hampton Court.
463
00:25:39,300 --> 00:25:43,933
{\an1}Now, the tragic irony is
that Catherine's pomegranate
464
00:25:43,966 --> 00:25:46,433
{\an1}was the ancient symbol
of fertility --
465
00:25:46,466 --> 00:25:48,533
{\an1}all these little seeds
inside it.
466
00:25:48,566 --> 00:25:51,466
{\an1}But it was her infertility,
467
00:25:51,500 --> 00:25:53,633
in the sense that
she wasn't able to bear Henry
468
00:25:53,666 --> 00:25:55,400
{\an1}the son he wanted,
469
00:25:55,433 --> 00:26:00,233
that in 1533
meant that he divorced her.
470
00:26:00,266 --> 00:26:02,333
After that,
like Catherine herself,
471
00:26:02,366 --> 00:26:05,033
the gable hoods
and the pomegranates
472
00:26:05,066 --> 00:26:07,433
{\an1}were banished from court.
473
00:26:07,466 --> 00:26:09,366
{\an8}♪♪
474
00:26:09,400 --> 00:26:13,233
In 1533,
Henry married his second wife,
475
00:26:13,266 --> 00:26:15,700
{\an1}the doomed Anne Boleyn,
476
00:26:15,733 --> 00:26:17,666
{\an1}in the same year he started work
477
00:26:17,700 --> 00:26:22,733
{\an1}on Hampton Court's
spectacular great hall.
478
00:26:22,766 --> 00:26:25,066
{\an1}Now, Anne Boleyn, by contrast,
479
00:26:25,100 --> 00:26:27,966
she wore
the glamorous French hood.
480
00:26:28,000 --> 00:26:30,866
{\an1}Ooh. It's quite sexy.
It shows a bit more hair.
481
00:26:30,900 --> 00:26:34,666
And her badge
was the aggressive falcon.
482
00:26:34,700 --> 00:26:36,266
[ Growls ]
483
00:26:36,300 --> 00:26:40,600
{\an8}♪♪
484
00:26:40,633 --> 00:26:42,100
{\an1}Now, there was once a time
485
00:26:42,133 --> 00:26:43,833
{\an1}when if you'd have come
into this room,
486
00:26:43,866 --> 00:26:46,333
{\an1}you would have found
Anne's falcons
487
00:26:46,366 --> 00:26:48,966
{\an1}and the letter "A"
and "H" for Henry
488
00:26:49,000 --> 00:26:51,433
{\an1}intertwined all over the place.
489
00:26:51,466 --> 00:26:54,666
{\an1}But when Henry and Anne's
relationship soured,
490
00:26:54,700 --> 00:26:57,200
{\an1}he had all of these symbols
taken down.
491
00:26:57,233 --> 00:26:58,633
{\an1}Up here in the paneling,
492
00:26:58,666 --> 00:27:02,000
you'll see
some strangely blank areas.
493
00:27:02,033 --> 00:27:06,066
{\an1}The workmen who had to do this
job of removing Anne's symbols
494
00:27:06,100 --> 00:27:09,200
{\an1}had to do it so quickly
under such pressure
495
00:27:09,233 --> 00:27:13,200
{\an1}that the accounts tell us theywere eligible to claim overtime.
496
00:27:13,233 --> 00:27:16,366
{\an1}And they did it in such a rush
that they made mistakes.
497
00:27:16,400 --> 00:27:18,366
{\an1}If you look at the palace
really well,
498
00:27:18,400 --> 00:27:21,766
{\an1}you can find an "A" and an "H"
for Anne and Henry
499
00:27:21,800 --> 00:27:24,266
that they missed.
500
00:27:24,300 --> 00:27:26,600
{\an1}Henry wasted no time.
501
00:27:26,633 --> 00:27:29,900
{\an1}He got engaged to wife
number three, Jane Seymour,
502
00:27:29,933 --> 00:27:32,833
{\an1}the day after Anne's execution.
503
00:27:32,866 --> 00:27:37,000
{\an8}♪♪
504
00:27:37,033 --> 00:27:41,566
{\an1}Now, Queen Jane wanted to make
a complete break with the past,
505
00:27:41,600 --> 00:27:44,566
{\an1}and one of the ways
that she did this was to reject
506
00:27:44,600 --> 00:27:46,700
{\an1}the French hood of Anne Boleyn
507
00:27:46,733 --> 00:27:50,766
{\an1}and to go back to the gable hood
of Catherine of Aragon.
508
00:27:50,800 --> 00:27:56,200
{\an1}And her badge was the phoenix,
the symbol of rebirth.
509
00:27:56,233 --> 00:27:58,533
{\an1}You can see the phoenix in here
510
00:27:58,566 --> 00:28:02,733
{\an1}still very prominently visible
on the ceiling.
511
00:28:02,766 --> 00:28:05,500
And the reason
it's still up there,
512
00:28:05,533 --> 00:28:07,000
{\an1}the reason it survived,
513
00:28:07,033 --> 00:28:10,533
{\an1}is that although Jane was only
wife number three of six,
514
00:28:10,566 --> 00:28:14,900
{\an1}she was the one Henry always
said that he loved the most.
515
00:28:14,933 --> 00:28:24,133
{\an8}♪♪
516
00:28:24,166 --> 00:28:26,666
{\an1}The palace's grand state rooms
517
00:28:26,700 --> 00:28:32,266
{\an1}paint a magnificent picture
of the Tudor court,
518
00:28:32,300 --> 00:28:35,133
{\an1}but for Henry and Jane's
full story,
519
00:28:35,166 --> 00:28:37,366
{\an1}we need to explore
a part of the palace
520
00:28:37,400 --> 00:28:40,333
{\an1}that's off the beaten track.
521
00:28:40,366 --> 00:28:42,266
Come
this
way.
522
00:28:42,300 --> 00:28:45,966
{\an8}♪♪
523
00:28:46,000 --> 00:28:49,766
{\an1}I really love the name
of these stairs.
524
00:28:49,800 --> 00:28:53,533
This is called
the Silver Stick Staircase.
525
00:28:53,566 --> 00:28:57,400
It goes to a room
that's off limits to visitors.
526
00:28:57,433 --> 00:29:04,633
{\an8}♪♪
527
00:29:04,666 --> 00:29:06,800
{\an1}If I show you what's in here,
528
00:29:06,833 --> 00:29:09,766
you'll understand
why it's not on display.
529
00:29:09,800 --> 00:29:13,000
{\an1}It's just a room that we use
for staff training sessions.
530
00:29:13,033 --> 00:29:16,333
{\an1}But 483 years ago,
531
00:29:16,366 --> 00:29:20,233
{\an1}this was Jane Seymour's bedroom.
532
00:29:20,266 --> 00:29:22,200
And before that,
it was Anne Boleyn's.
533
00:29:22,233 --> 00:29:24,833
{\an1}And before that, it was
Catherine of Aragon's.
534
00:29:24,866 --> 00:29:29,300
{\an1}It's extraordinary to think that
all three of them slept here.
535
00:29:29,333 --> 00:29:32,000
{\an8}♪♪
536
00:29:32,033 --> 00:29:34,733
{\an1}On the 12th of October, 1537,
537
00:29:34,766 --> 00:29:37,500
{\an1}it was in this room
that Jane Seymour
538
00:29:37,533 --> 00:29:39,900
{\an1}finally gave birth to a son,
539
00:29:39,933 --> 00:29:45,066
{\an1}the heir that Henry had been
craving for nearly 30 years.
540
00:29:45,100 --> 00:29:49,266
{\an1}This was a moment of rejoicing
and relief for Henry,
541
00:29:49,300 --> 00:29:51,400
{\an1}and I'm sure for Jane, too.
542
00:29:51,433 --> 00:29:54,433
{\an1}She'd done her job.
543
00:29:54,466 --> 00:29:57,733
{\an1}But here's the poignant thing.
544
00:29:57,766 --> 00:30:00,166
Just two weeks
after the birth of her son,
545
00:30:00,200 --> 00:30:02,266
Jane fell sick,
546
00:30:02,300 --> 00:30:06,033
{\an1}and it was also in this room
that she died.
547
00:30:08,700 --> 00:30:12,400
{\an1}Centuries on, the memory
of this joyful birth
548
00:30:12,433 --> 00:30:16,933
{\an1}and tragic death still lingers.
549
00:30:16,966 --> 00:30:22,800
{\an1}It's said that Jane's ghost
haunts this staircase
550
00:30:22,833 --> 00:30:25,633
{\an1}and that each night
she comes down these steps
551
00:30:25,666 --> 00:30:31,066
{\an1}and walks towards the nursery
of the son she scarcely knew.
552
00:30:31,100 --> 00:30:33,200
{\an1}When it comes to ghosts,
553
00:30:33,233 --> 00:30:36,100
I must admit,
I'm
not
a believer,
554
00:30:36,133 --> 00:30:38,033
{\an1}but I do think that
the ghost of Jane Seymour
555
00:30:38,066 --> 00:30:40,533
{\an1}has an interesting story.
556
00:30:40,566 --> 00:30:44,466
{\an1}Sightings of Jane, and the other
spooks at Hampton Court,
557
00:30:44,500 --> 00:30:46,966
really took off
in the 19th century
558
00:30:47,000 --> 00:30:50,500
{\an1}when the palace had become
a visitor attraction.
559
00:30:50,533 --> 00:30:53,266
{\an7}You could even buy a postcard
like this one
560
00:30:53,300 --> 00:30:56,166
{\an1}showing Jane's ghost...
[Chuckles]
561
00:30:56,200 --> 00:30:59,933
{\an1}...looking almost as convincing
as I am at this moment.
562
00:30:59,966 --> 00:31:05,466
{\an1}And, as it says here,
"As seen nightly."
563
00:31:05,500 --> 00:31:07,966
{\an1}The cynical might say
that the ghosts of the palace
564
00:31:08,000 --> 00:31:12,733
{\an1}had been invented in order
to be a draw for tourists.
565
00:31:12,766 --> 00:31:15,100
[Woman screams
566
00:31:12,766 --> 00:31:15,100
]
567
00:31:15,133 --> 00:31:19,433
{\an8}♪♪
568
00:31:19,466 --> 00:31:24,166
At first glance,
Hampton Court looks like
569
00:31:24,200 --> 00:31:27,633
{\an1}a perfectly preserved vision
of the Tudor past.
570
00:31:27,666 --> 00:31:31,100
{\an8}♪♪
571
00:31:31,133 --> 00:31:36,433
{\an1}But look again, and it's
really two palaces in one.
572
00:31:36,466 --> 00:31:40,366
{\an1}150 years after Hampton Court
was home to Henry VIII,
573
00:31:40,400 --> 00:31:43,933
{\an1}half of the old Tudor palace
was completely rebuilt.
574
00:31:43,966 --> 00:31:46,033
Come this way...
575
00:31:46,066 --> 00:31:48,100
{\an1}and we can travel in time
576
00:31:48,133 --> 00:31:51,133
{\an1}from the 16th-century world
of the Tudors over there
577
00:31:51,166 --> 00:31:56,200
{\an1}to the late-17th-century world
of the Stuarts over here.
578
00:31:56,233 --> 00:32:01,700
{\an8}♪♪
579
00:32:01,733 --> 00:32:07,166
{\an8}♪♪
580
00:32:07,200 --> 00:32:10,033
{\an1}When building works
began here in 1689,
581
00:32:10,066 --> 00:32:13,033
ambitions
couldn't have been higher.
582
00:32:13,066 --> 00:32:16,300
{\an8}♪♪
583
00:32:16,333 --> 00:32:17,800
{\an1}This side of Hampton Court
584
00:32:17,833 --> 00:32:21,300
was redesigned
in the latest baroque style,
585
00:32:21,333 --> 00:32:24,700
{\an1}taking inspiration
from the order and symmetry
586
00:32:24,733 --> 00:32:28,533
{\an1}of classical architecture.
587
00:32:28,566 --> 00:32:31,133
Stuart monarchs
William and Mary
588
00:32:31,166 --> 00:32:34,733
{\an1}wanted their new palace
to rival King Louis XIV's
589
00:32:34,766 --> 00:32:37,733
{\an1}spectacular Versailles.
590
00:32:37,766 --> 00:32:41,066
{\an1}But this impression
of "Versailles on Thames"
591
00:32:41,100 --> 00:32:43,266
{\an1}is only skin-deep.
592
00:32:43,300 --> 00:32:47,066
{\an1}William and Mary wanted
to rebuild the whole palace
593
00:32:47,100 --> 00:32:49,233
{\an1}in that glittering
white Portland stone,
594
00:32:49,266 --> 00:32:51,733
{\an1}but they couldn't afford it.
595
00:32:51,766 --> 00:33:01,066
♪♪
596
00:33:01,100 --> 00:33:03,033
{\an1}Now, tucked away here
is something
597
00:33:03,066 --> 00:33:05,533
{\an1}that William and Mary
didn't want you to notice,
598
00:33:05,566 --> 00:33:08,266
{\an1}This should be lovely
white Portland stone.
599
00:33:08,300 --> 00:33:10,833
{\an7}But instead it's --
Look. It's yellow.
600
00:33:10,866 --> 00:33:12,633
{\an7}This is Oxfordshire stone.
601
00:33:12,666 --> 00:33:14,666
{\an8}A lot cheaper,
but it doesn't match.
602
00:33:14,700 --> 00:33:16,400
{\an8}And this --
this is terrible stone here!
603
00:33:16,433 --> 00:33:17,666
{\an8}It's all crumbly!
604
00:33:17,700 --> 00:33:19,600
{\an7}This is Reigate stone,
605
00:33:19,633 --> 00:33:22,933
reused from
the old Tudor palace.
606
00:33:22,966 --> 00:33:26,500
{\an1}This is corner cutting.
And there's a reason for this.
607
00:33:26,533 --> 00:33:28,866
{\an1}Unlike Louis XIV in France,
608
00:33:28,900 --> 00:33:31,733
William and Mary
weren't absolute monarchs.
609
00:33:31,766 --> 00:33:34,366
{\an1}They only reigned with
the consent of parliament,
610
00:33:34,400 --> 00:33:35,900
{\an1}which meant that, unlike Louis,
611
00:33:35,933 --> 00:33:39,300
they didn't have
a bottomless royal budget.
612
00:33:39,333 --> 00:33:43,166
{\an8}♪♪
613
00:33:43,200 --> 00:33:45,766
{\an8}So much for these fancy facades.
614
00:33:45,800 --> 00:33:48,833
{\an1}To me, the nooks and crannies
hidden behind them
615
00:33:48,866 --> 00:33:51,433
{\an1}are just as fascinating.
616
00:33:51,466 --> 00:33:53,200
{\an1}If you want to explore
617
00:33:53,233 --> 00:33:56,266
{\an1}the seamier side of life here
300 years ago,
618
00:33:56,300 --> 00:33:57,933
{\an1}then I think we need to explore
619
00:33:57,966 --> 00:34:01,033
{\an1}the little passageways
of Hampton Court.
620
00:34:01,066 --> 00:34:03,633
{\an8}♪♪
621
00:34:03,666 --> 00:34:07,000
{\an7}Look at these funny little
railings in the corner.
622
00:34:07,033 --> 00:34:09,366
{\an7}What could they be for?
[ Chuckles ]
623
00:34:09,400 --> 00:34:12,333
{\an8}Well, a "court"
is a large body of men.
624
00:34:12,366 --> 00:34:14,833
{\an8}There aren't
too many proper toilets.
625
00:34:14,866 --> 00:34:17,833
{\an7}And these railings have been
put here to stop the courtiers
626
00:34:17,866 --> 00:34:20,666
{\an7}from taking a leak
in the corner.
627
00:34:20,700 --> 00:34:22,866
{\an8}Obviously,
it's not 100% effective,
628
00:34:22,900 --> 00:34:27,766
{\an7}but it does give you a bit less
privacy than would be ideal.
629
00:34:27,800 --> 00:34:29,966
{\an1}Now, when you come
to Hampton Court today,
630
00:34:30,000 --> 00:34:32,833
{\an1}everything is clean and lovely.
631
00:34:32,866 --> 00:34:36,600
{\an1}And I have to admit,
it's a sanitized version
632
00:34:36,633 --> 00:34:39,800
{\an1}of a dirty, smelly past.
633
00:34:39,833 --> 00:34:44,733
{\an8}♪♪
634
00:34:44,766 --> 00:34:48,133
{\an1}And the traces of this
underbelly of court life
635
00:34:48,166 --> 00:34:52,166
{\an1}are absolutely everywhere...
636
00:34:52,200 --> 00:34:55,733
{\an1}if you know where to look.
637
00:34:55,766 --> 00:35:00,500
{\an1}Now, this is the palace's
dedicated chocolate kitchen,
638
00:35:00,533 --> 00:35:02,866
{\an1}hot chocolate being
the breakfast drink of choice
639
00:35:02,900 --> 00:35:04,466
{\an1}in the Stuart period.
640
00:35:04,500 --> 00:35:07,133
Queen Anne
couldn't get enough of it.
641
00:35:07,166 --> 00:35:10,566
{\an1}But what I really want
to show you is in here.
642
00:35:10,600 --> 00:35:14,166
It's a piece of
late-17th-century graffiti
643
00:35:14,200 --> 00:35:16,100
{\an1}scribbled up onto the walls.
644
00:35:16,133 --> 00:35:20,200
{\an1}It's a picture of a naked lady.
645
00:35:20,233 --> 00:35:23,200
{\an1}You can see her head at the top
in profile.
646
00:35:23,233 --> 00:35:26,100
{\an1}Then we come down to her bosoms
that, rather strangely,
647
00:35:26,133 --> 00:35:28,100
are placed
one on top of the other.
648
00:35:28,133 --> 00:35:30,400
{\an1}Then we have her naked legs,
649
00:35:30,433 --> 00:35:34,866
{\an7}but she's wearing a ratherbeautifully drawn pair of shoes.
650
00:35:34,900 --> 00:35:37,333
{\an7}I think we're getting
an insight here
651
00:35:37,366 --> 00:35:40,600
into the life
of a bored page boy
652
00:35:40,633 --> 00:35:44,466
{\an1}waiting here to pick uphis master's hot-chocolate order
653
00:35:44,500 --> 00:35:46,933
{\an1}and filling in the time
by scribbling on the walls.
654
00:35:46,966 --> 00:35:49,100
I'm not sure
he was entirely familiar
655
00:35:49,133 --> 00:35:50,900
{\an1}with the female anatomy,
656
00:35:50,933 --> 00:35:53,100
but from the way
he's done the shoes so well,
657
00:35:53,133 --> 00:35:57,300
{\an1}I suspect that he may have been
a foot fetishist.
658
00:35:57,333 --> 00:36:03,066
{\an8}♪♪
659
00:36:03,100 --> 00:36:05,500
{\an1}[ Birds chirping ]
660
00:36:05,533 --> 00:36:10,466
{\an8}♪♪
661
00:36:10,500 --> 00:36:13,000
{\an1}Although the realities
of palace life
662
00:36:13,033 --> 00:36:16,033
{\an1}could be decidedly down-at-heel,
663
00:36:16,066 --> 00:36:19,133
{\an1}Britain's 18th-century
kings and queens
664
00:36:19,166 --> 00:36:23,300
{\an1}hit upon a new way
of keeping up appearances.
665
00:36:23,333 --> 00:36:26,700
{\an8}♪♪
666
00:36:26,733 --> 00:36:28,300
{\an1}It's brilliant in here.
667
00:36:28,333 --> 00:36:30,133
{\an1}These are the storerooms
668
00:36:30,166 --> 00:36:33,033
{\an1}of the royal ceremonial
dress collection.
669
00:36:33,066 --> 00:36:36,466
{\an1}These clothes belonged
to kings and queens
670
00:36:36,500 --> 00:36:41,600
and courtiers
going back over 500 years.
671
00:36:41,633 --> 00:36:43,533
{\an7}My colleague, Eleri Lynn,
672
00:36:43,566 --> 00:36:47,266
{\an7}is helping me unpack
one of our star pieces.
673
00:36:47,300 --> 00:36:48,833
{\an7}This has to be my favorite thing
674
00:36:48,866 --> 00:36:51,366
in the whole
of the dress collection.
675
00:36:51,400 --> 00:36:53,300
{\an1}-Yeah, it's pretty stunning.
676
00:36:53,333 --> 00:36:56,933
-This dress
is over 250 years old.
677
00:36:56,966 --> 00:37:01,266
{\an1}-What's really striking
about this particular piece
678
00:37:01,300 --> 00:37:05,000
is that it still
shines and sparkles.
679
00:37:05,033 --> 00:37:07,300
{\an1}Most silver this old
would have oxidized
680
00:37:07,333 --> 00:37:08,733
{\an1}and been gray and dull.
681
00:37:08,766 --> 00:37:12,033
{\an1}What you have here
is beautiful French silk
682
00:37:12,066 --> 00:37:13,800
{\an1}that has actually been woven
683
00:37:13,833 --> 00:37:16,000
{\an1}with real silver bullion
on the loom,
684
00:37:16,033 --> 00:37:19,933
{\an1}so the fact this is still
shining is very, very rare.
685
00:37:19,966 --> 00:37:22,333
{\an1}-You get the sense that
this is supposed to be viewed
686
00:37:22,366 --> 00:37:24,233
by candlelight.
-Absolutely.
687
00:37:24,266 --> 00:37:25,566
-Glinting.
-Yeah.
688
00:37:25,600 --> 00:37:27,666
-Shall we lift?
-Lift.
689
00:37:27,700 --> 00:37:30,033
{\an1}-The dress belonged
to Lady Rockingham,
690
00:37:30,066 --> 00:37:34,000
{\an1}wife of an 18th-century
prime minister.
691
00:37:34,033 --> 00:37:36,266
{\an1}-It's exceptionally
well-preserved,
692
00:37:36,300 --> 00:37:39,200
{\an1}even down to this lovely bit
of silk lining here,
693
00:37:39,233 --> 00:37:41,500
{\an1}which has been added
to the back of the train
694
00:37:41,533 --> 00:37:45,066
{\an1}to absorb the dirt and the dust
from the palace floors.
695
00:37:45,100 --> 00:37:48,133
{\an1}-Well, we can still see
some Georgian muck
696
00:37:48,166 --> 00:37:49,566
{\an1}that's become attached to it.
697
00:37:49,600 --> 00:37:52,766
I love that.-Absolutely. It's the real deal.
698
00:37:52,800 --> 00:37:55,800
{\an1}-And this is the skirt.
It's a whopper!
699
00:37:55,833 --> 00:37:57,700
Would you say
that was six feet across?
700
00:37:57,733 --> 00:38:01,033
{\an1}-Easily. It's basically worn
as a big rectangle.
701
00:38:01,066 --> 00:38:03,666
{\an1}-And what can you actually do
in a dress like this,
702
00:38:03,700 --> 00:38:06,066
{\an1}apart from standing around
looking good?
703
00:38:06,100 --> 00:38:09,366
{\an1}Because you can't bend over,you can't get through a doorway,
704
00:38:09,400 --> 00:38:11,300
{\an1}you certainly can't run
to catch a bus.
705
00:38:11,333 --> 00:38:14,966
{\an1}-This dress is not a dress
for practicality, is it?
706
00:38:15,000 --> 00:38:17,900
{\an1}But you had to wear
a dress like this to court.
707
00:38:17,933 --> 00:38:19,733
{\an1}You weren't allowed
into the palaces
708
00:38:19,766 --> 00:38:21,300
{\an1}to meet the king or queen
709
00:38:21,333 --> 00:38:23,566
{\an1}unless you were wearing
a dress like this.
710
00:38:23,600 --> 00:38:27,200
{\an1}So this basically is courtuniform during the 18th century.
711
00:38:27,233 --> 00:38:29,033
-How much money
would a dress like this
712
00:38:29,066 --> 00:38:31,366
{\an1}have cost, do you think?
-This dress would have cost
713
00:38:31,400 --> 00:38:34,266
as much as
a very substantial house.
714
00:38:34,300 --> 00:38:36,700
{\an1}We know that a lot of
even members of the nobility
715
00:38:36,733 --> 00:38:39,566
{\an1}were mortgaging their properties
and mortgaging their land
716
00:38:39,600 --> 00:38:42,866
{\an1}just to afford a court uniform,
but it's an investment
717
00:38:42,900 --> 00:38:44,900
{\an1}because you're hoping
that what you're wearing
718
00:38:44,933 --> 00:38:47,100
{\an1}is going to grab the attention
of the king or queen.
719
00:38:47,133 --> 00:38:48,700
{\an1}And if they come over
and talk to you
720
00:38:48,733 --> 00:38:50,533
{\an1}and compliment you
on your clothes,
721
00:38:50,566 --> 00:38:52,233
{\an1}that way, you might be able
722
00:38:52,266 --> 00:38:55,666
{\an1}to get a promotion
or position at court.
723
00:38:55,700 --> 00:38:59,466
{\an1}The obvious equivalent for me
is the red carpet
724
00:38:59,500 --> 00:39:02,233
{\an1}at an awards ceremony
like the Oscars.
725
00:39:02,266 --> 00:39:05,333
{\an1}It's all about being seen.
726
00:39:05,366 --> 00:39:07,900
{\an1}-I think of this dress
as being like the missing link.
727
00:39:07,933 --> 00:39:10,066
{\an1}If you go into the palace,
it's very splendid,
728
00:39:10,100 --> 00:39:12,300
{\an1}but it's kind of empty.
729
00:39:12,333 --> 00:39:16,300
{\an1}And the reason is that it should
have been packed full of ladies
730
00:39:16,333 --> 00:39:19,266
{\an1}wearing dresses like this,
loads of them!
731
00:39:19,300 --> 00:39:22,766
{\an1}While court dresses were
becoming ever more enormous,
732
00:39:22,800 --> 00:39:27,400
{\an1}when it came to their palaces,
the monarchy was
downsizing.
733
00:39:27,433 --> 00:39:33,700
{\an8}♪♪
734
00:39:33,733 --> 00:39:39,066
{\an1}Kensington Palace became
a royal residence in 1689.
735
00:39:39,100 --> 00:39:41,200
{\an1}It's now in the heart
of the city,
736
00:39:41,233 --> 00:39:43,733
{\an1}just down the road
from the Albert Hall.
737
00:39:43,766 --> 00:39:47,066
{\an1}But back then, the asthmatic
King William III
738
00:39:47,100 --> 00:39:51,833
{\an1}chose it as a healthy retreatfrom the polluted air of London.
739
00:39:51,866 --> 00:39:59,266
{\an8}♪♪
740
00:39:59,300 --> 00:40:03,833
{\an1}Now, as suburban villas go,
this is obviously pretty nice,
741
00:40:03,866 --> 00:40:06,466
{\an1}but you've got to admit
it's a bit of a step down
742
00:40:06,500 --> 00:40:08,633
{\an1}from Hampton Court.
743
00:40:08,666 --> 00:40:10,266
{\an1}Compared to its predecessors,
744
00:40:10,300 --> 00:40:14,000
Kensington Palace
is positively homey.
745
00:40:14,033 --> 00:40:19,866
{\an8}♪♪
746
00:40:19,900 --> 00:40:23,800
{\an1}The palace really came into
its own in the Georgian era,
747
00:40:23,833 --> 00:40:27,800
{\an1}beginning in 1714.
748
00:40:27,833 --> 00:40:30,133
{\an1}Parliament was so desperate
749
00:40:30,166 --> 00:40:32,333
{\an1}to avoid having a Catholic
on the throne
750
00:40:32,366 --> 00:40:35,966
{\an1}that they imported
protestant King George I
751
00:40:36,000 --> 00:40:39,633
{\an1}and his readymade royal family
all the way from Germany.
752
00:40:39,666 --> 00:40:42,633
The new king
was in a unique situation.
753
00:40:42,666 --> 00:40:46,233
{\an1}He was royal by invitation,
not by right,
754
00:40:46,266 --> 00:40:49,800
and that meant
he could be sacked.
755
00:40:49,833 --> 00:40:52,466
When George I
arrived in Britain,
756
00:40:52,500 --> 00:40:56,600
{\an1}he quickly realized that his
new courtiers didn't like him.
757
00:40:56,633 --> 00:40:59,066
{\an1}It is true that he was
quite boring company
758
00:40:59,100 --> 00:41:00,966
{\an1}and his English wasn't great,
759
00:41:01,000 --> 00:41:02,633
{\an1}but it's also true
760
00:41:02,666 --> 00:41:05,733
{\an1}that the courtiers
were outrageously xenophobic.
761
00:41:05,766 --> 00:41:11,700
{\an1}So he decided to win them over
by showing them a good time.
762
00:41:11,733 --> 00:41:14,333
To that end,
he rebuilt Kensington Palace
763
00:41:14,366 --> 00:41:16,300
{\an1}into a sort of stage set
764
00:41:16,333 --> 00:41:18,566
{\an1}for a whole succession
of cool gatherings.
765
00:41:18,600 --> 00:41:22,266
{\an1}He turned this place into...
a party palace.
766
00:41:22,300 --> 00:41:25,066
{\an8}♪♪
767
00:41:25,100 --> 00:41:27,400
{\an1}There was no guest list
at court.
768
00:41:27,433 --> 00:41:29,666
{\an1}In theory, it was open to all,
769
00:41:29,700 --> 00:41:34,600
{\an7}but in practice, getting in
wasn't so straightforward.
770
00:41:34,633 --> 00:41:37,266
{\an7}Now, to make it to the top
of this staircase
771
00:41:37,300 --> 00:41:41,100
{\an7}and into the king's presence
with a bit of an ordeal.
772
00:41:41,133 --> 00:41:43,300
These courtiers
are all painted up here
773
00:41:43,333 --> 00:41:45,900
{\an1}to remind you that at court
774
00:41:45,933 --> 00:41:48,633
{\an1}you will be watched
and you will be judged
775
00:41:48,666 --> 00:41:50,700
{\an1}to see if you belong or not.
776
00:41:50,733 --> 00:41:53,266
And, ultimately,
those Beefeaters up there,
777
00:41:53,300 --> 00:41:55,700
{\an1}just like the ones
at the Tower of London,
778
00:41:55,733 --> 00:41:58,400
they're armed,
and they will be deciding
779
00:41:58,433 --> 00:42:02,000
{\an1}whether you're going in
or whether you're going home.
780
00:42:03,566 --> 00:42:06,433
{\an1}But there were some
well-established techniques
781
00:42:06,466 --> 00:42:08,666
{\an1}for wheedling your way in.
782
00:42:08,700 --> 00:42:11,833
{\an1}One, clothes are all-important,
783
00:42:11,866 --> 00:42:14,033
{\an1}and if you don't have
the right look,
784
00:42:14,066 --> 00:42:18,133
{\an1}then you should borrow some
better clothes from a friend.
785
00:42:18,166 --> 00:42:20,233
Two, bribery.
786
00:42:20,266 --> 00:42:24,333
{\an1}Once, a young law student
tried to get in and failed.
787
00:42:24,366 --> 00:42:26,833
{\an1}He went off to the coffee shop
for half an hour.
788
00:42:26,866 --> 00:42:30,533
{\an1}He came back, and this time
he gave the footman a shilling,
789
00:42:30,566 --> 00:42:31,833
and it worked!
790
00:42:31,866 --> 00:42:33,600
In like a rocket.
791
00:42:33,633 --> 00:42:37,200
Three, what you do is wait until
you see a posh person coming.
792
00:42:37,233 --> 00:42:38,600
{\an1}Ooh. Here comes one now.
793
00:42:38,633 --> 00:42:40,100
{\an1}And then you get in behind them
794
00:42:40,133 --> 00:42:41,833
and you pretend
to be their servant.
795
00:42:41,866 --> 00:42:46,166
You might call it slipstreaming.
796
00:42:46,200 --> 00:42:49,166
{\an1}After all that, if you
did
make
it into the king's presence,
797
00:42:49,200 --> 00:42:51,166
{\an1}you might then have wondered
798
00:42:51,200 --> 00:42:53,733
{\an1}whether it had been
worth the effort.
799
00:42:53,766 --> 00:42:57,700
{\an1}If you look beyond
the extravagant court outfits
800
00:42:57,733 --> 00:43:00,800
{\an1}and the elaborate court rituals,
though,
801
00:43:00,833 --> 00:43:02,400
{\an1}you do get the sense
802
00:43:02,433 --> 00:43:06,766
that this place
no longer really mattered.
803
00:43:06,800 --> 00:43:08,766
{\an1}Royal palaces had once been
804
00:43:08,800 --> 00:43:10,700
{\an1}the most important buildings
in the land,
805
00:43:10,733 --> 00:43:14,366
{\an1}but now the big debates,
the big decisions
806
00:43:14,400 --> 00:43:17,466
{\an1}were all happening
out there in the city,
807
00:43:17,500 --> 00:43:20,833
{\an1}in the press, in parliament.
808
00:43:20,866 --> 00:43:25,466
{\an8}♪♪
809
00:43:25,500 --> 00:43:30,700
{\an1}By 1830, the Georgian age
was drawing to its close,
810
00:43:30,733 --> 00:43:35,366
{\an1}and Britain's next monarch would
inaugurate an entirely new era.
811
00:43:35,400 --> 00:43:38,366
{\an8}♪♪
812
00:43:38,400 --> 00:43:41,900
{\an1}Now I'm taking you to a
really
exciting room in the palace,
813
00:43:41,933 --> 00:43:44,233
{\an1}where an event of monumental
814
00:43:44,266 --> 00:43:46,700
{\an1}historical significance
took place.
815
00:43:46,733 --> 00:43:48,933
Come with me.
816
00:43:48,966 --> 00:43:54,433
{\an8}♪♪
817
00:43:54,466 --> 00:43:59,900
{\an1}It was in this room
on a cold autumn day in 2002
818
00:43:59,933 --> 00:44:03,433
{\an1}that I came for my job interview
to become chief curator
819
00:44:03,466 --> 00:44:05,300
{\an1}at Historic Royal Palaces,
820
00:44:05,333 --> 00:44:08,566
{\an1}but
perhaps
the room
is better known to history
821
00:44:08,600 --> 00:44:12,266
{\an1}for what happened here
on a spring day in 1819.
822
00:44:12,300 --> 00:44:14,600
{\an1}A baby girl was born.
823
00:44:14,633 --> 00:44:17,300
{\an1}The future Queen Victoria!
824
00:44:17,333 --> 00:44:19,300
{\an1}[ Music box playing ]
825
00:44:19,333 --> 00:44:21,600
{\an8}♪♪
826
00:44:21,633 --> 00:44:26,900
{\an1}The young Victoria led
a sheltered life at Kensington.
827
00:44:26,933 --> 00:44:28,266
{\an1}From the age of 5,
828
00:44:28,300 --> 00:44:31,533
{\an1}her closest companion
and dearest friend
829
00:44:31,566 --> 00:44:36,033
{\an1}was her German governess,
Baroness Lehzen.
830
00:44:36,066 --> 00:44:40,066
{\an1}This is a scrapbook,
or an album,
831
00:44:40,100 --> 00:44:42,700
{\an1}that Lehzen herself
has compiled,
832
00:44:42,733 --> 00:44:45,433
{\an1}full of little mementos
of her former pupil.
833
00:44:45,466 --> 00:44:47,500
{\an1}It's such a lovely thing,
834
00:44:47,533 --> 00:44:49,833
{\an1}and it's a new addition
to our collection,
835
00:44:49,866 --> 00:44:52,666
so it's a treat
to have a good look at it.
836
00:44:52,700 --> 00:44:55,266
{\an1}On this page, Lehzen's stuck in
837
00:44:55,300 --> 00:44:57,900
{\an1}snippets of the princess' hair.
838
00:44:57,933 --> 00:44:59,566
{\an1}Here's one labeled
839
00:44:59,600 --> 00:45:03,933
{\an1}"Princess Victoria's hair
as a baby."
840
00:45:03,966 --> 00:45:06,566
{\an1}Here she's growing upand going through her education,
841
00:45:06,600 --> 00:45:08,800
with a sample
of her handwriting.
842
00:45:08,833 --> 00:45:13,733
{\an1}It's heartbreakingly neat.
843
00:45:13,766 --> 00:45:17,800
And
this
page,
this is really gorgeous.
844
00:45:17,833 --> 00:45:21,366
It's a fragment
of Victoria's wedding dress --
845
00:45:21,400 --> 00:45:22,900
{\an1}awhite
846
00:45:21,400 --> 00:45:22,900
wedding dress --
847
00:45:22,933 --> 00:45:25,200
{\an1}because Victoria started off
this great fashion
848
00:45:25,233 --> 00:45:29,133
{\an1}that still continues for brides
to be dressed all in white.
849
00:45:29,166 --> 00:45:32,866
{\an1}Now, the really lovely thing
about this little book
850
00:45:32,900 --> 00:45:37,300
is that Lehzen
has clearly made it with love.
851
00:45:37,333 --> 00:45:41,400
{\an1}And she thought of her pupilas a kind of surrogate daughter.
852
00:45:41,433 --> 00:45:43,000
{\an1}And when they were in private,
853
00:45:43,033 --> 00:45:48,966
{\an1}Victoria herself would
call her governess "Mother."
854
00:45:49,000 --> 00:45:51,933
{\an1}But Victoria's relationship
with her
real
mother,
855
00:45:51,966 --> 00:45:55,100
{\an1}the Duchess of Kent,
was more troubled,
856
00:45:55,133 --> 00:45:57,333
{\an1}and Victoria despised
857
00:45:57,366 --> 00:46:01,566
{\an1}her mother's closest adviser,
Sir John Conroy,
858
00:46:01,600 --> 00:46:05,833
{\an1}who strictly controlled
every aspect of her upbringing.
859
00:46:05,866 --> 00:46:09,066
{\an8}♪♪
860
00:46:09,100 --> 00:46:12,566
{\an1}This is the young Victoria's
traveling bed.
861
00:46:12,600 --> 00:46:15,966
{\an1}It comes apart so it could go
with her from place to place.
862
00:46:16,000 --> 00:46:18,100
{\an1}And she needed a bed like this
863
00:46:18,133 --> 00:46:20,433
{\an1}because her mother
and Conroy decided
864
00:46:20,466 --> 00:46:22,533
that she should
get out of the palace.
865
00:46:22,566 --> 00:46:24,566
{\an1}They sent her on tour
866
00:46:24,600 --> 00:46:27,733
to go to meet her
future subjects face-to-face.
867
00:46:27,766 --> 00:46:33,433
{\an8}♪♪
868
00:46:33,466 --> 00:46:35,033
{\an1}The idea that a royal
869
00:46:35,066 --> 00:46:38,366
would venture out
beyond the palace gates
870
00:46:38,400 --> 00:46:40,766
{\an1}to meet ordinary people
871
00:46:40,800 --> 00:46:44,266
{\an1}was a revolutionary one.
872
00:46:44,300 --> 00:46:46,866
{\an1}Victoria really hated
these tours.
873
00:46:46,900 --> 00:46:49,933
{\an1}She was put under the scrutiny
of so many people
874
00:46:49,966 --> 00:46:52,533
{\an1}looking at her, judging her.
875
00:46:52,566 --> 00:46:55,800
{\an1}But these tours established
an important principle
876
00:46:55,833 --> 00:46:58,133
{\an1}which stands to this very day,
877
00:46:58,166 --> 00:47:01,100
{\an1}that royals belonged
not so much in their palaces,
878
00:47:01,133 --> 00:47:04,466
{\an1}but out there in the public eye.
879
00:47:04,500 --> 00:47:08,933
{\an8}♪♪
880
00:47:08,966 --> 00:47:11,866
{\an1}On the 18th of May, 1836,
881
00:47:11,900 --> 00:47:14,400
{\an1}the 16-year-old Victoria
882
00:47:14,433 --> 00:47:18,100
{\an1}was beginning to plan a life
for herself beyond the palace.
883
00:47:18,133 --> 00:47:21,300
{\an8}♪♪
884
00:47:21,333 --> 00:47:23,866
And she was also
awaiting the arrival
885
00:47:23,900 --> 00:47:27,466
of some of her German relatives.
886
00:47:27,500 --> 00:47:32,200
{\an1}Victoria first set eyes on hercousin Albert on this staircase.
887
00:47:32,233 --> 00:47:37,233
{\an8}♪♪
888
00:47:37,266 --> 00:47:40,900
Victoria recorded
this first meeting with Albert
889
00:47:40,933 --> 00:47:43,100
in her journal,
890
00:47:43,133 --> 00:47:48,166
and she says that
he is "extremely handsome."
891
00:47:48,200 --> 00:47:49,766
{\an8}♪♪
892
00:47:49,800 --> 00:47:51,233
{\an1}"His hair," she says,
893
00:47:51,266 --> 00:47:53,433
{\an1}"is about the same color
as mine."
894
00:47:53,466 --> 00:47:55,466
{\an1}Hm. Hmm. Funny, that.
895
00:47:55,500 --> 00:47:57,833
{\an1}"His eyes are blue.
896
00:47:57,866 --> 00:48:00,833
{\an1}He has a
beautiful
nose."
897
00:48:00,866 --> 00:48:02,200
Oh, yes.
898
00:48:02,233 --> 00:48:05,266
And a nice mouth
with "fine teeth."
899
00:48:05,300 --> 00:48:07,166
Oh, yes!
900
00:48:07,200 --> 00:48:08,933
Tasty.
901
00:48:08,966 --> 00:48:11,933
But I'm afraid
all he had to say about
her
902
00:48:11,966 --> 00:48:14,900
{\an1}was that she was very amiable.
903
00:48:14,933 --> 00:48:16,900
Huh.
[ Taps book ]
904
00:48:16,933 --> 00:48:19,766
{\an1}[ "Wedding March" plays ]
905
00:48:19,800 --> 00:48:22,766
[ Door slams ]
906
00:48:22,800 --> 00:48:25,500
Of course,
Albert was eventually won over,
907
00:48:25,533 --> 00:48:28,266
{\an1}and they married in 1814.
908
00:48:28,300 --> 00:48:36,766
{\an8}♪♪
909
00:48:36,800 --> 00:48:38,433
{\an1}When she ascended the throne,
910
00:48:38,466 --> 00:48:41,200
{\an1}Victoria left Kensington Palace,
911
00:48:41,233 --> 00:48:46,100
{\an1}and for over a century,
it became a bit of a backwater.
912
00:48:46,133 --> 00:48:48,266
At the beginning
of the Windsor era,
913
00:48:48,300 --> 00:48:52,700
it was lived in
mostly by minor royals.
914
00:48:52,733 --> 00:48:57,433
But when Princess Diana moved in
in the 1980s,
915
00:48:57,466 --> 00:49:00,733
{\an1}the eyes of the world
were back on the palace.
916
00:49:00,766 --> 00:49:03,833
{\an8}♪♪
917
00:49:03,866 --> 00:49:08,100
{\an1}As Diana discovered,
life as a modern royal
918
00:49:08,133 --> 00:49:11,233
{\an1}meant a life lived in public.
919
00:49:11,266 --> 00:49:14,200
{\an1}And to face her public,
Diana assembled
920
00:49:14,233 --> 00:49:17,200
{\an1}one of the world's
most famous wardrobes.
921
00:49:17,233 --> 00:49:21,733
{\an8}♪♪
922
00:49:21,766 --> 00:49:24,333
{\an8}This is like opening the world's
best birthday present.
923
00:49:24,366 --> 00:49:26,733
{\an1}-This is genuinely exciting.
This is the first time
924
00:49:26,766 --> 00:49:31,066
that I've seen it
since we acquired it.
925
00:49:31,100 --> 00:49:32,866
-It's lovely!
-It is.
926
00:49:32,900 --> 00:49:36,766
This is one of myvery favorite dresses, actually,
927
00:49:36,800 --> 00:49:39,166
{\an1}and so I'm absolutely thrilled
to have it in the collection.
928
00:49:39,200 --> 00:49:40,933
{\an1}It was designed by
929
00:49:40,966 --> 00:49:43,233
{\an1}the London-based designer
Victor Edelstein
930
00:49:43,266 --> 00:49:46,133
{\an1}for Princess Diana in 1985.
931
00:49:46,166 --> 00:49:49,166
And she wore it
to the White House,
932
00:49:49,200 --> 00:49:52,666
{\an1}and there, very famously,
she danced with John Travolta,
933
00:49:52,700 --> 00:49:54,566
{\an1}which is why this dress
gets its nickname,
934
00:49:54,600 --> 00:49:56,266
{\an1}"The Travolta Dress."
935
00:49:56,300 --> 00:49:58,200
{\an1}-What I love about that picture
936
00:49:58,233 --> 00:50:01,266
{\an1}of Diana and John Travolta
dancing together
937
00:50:01,300 --> 00:50:03,433
{\an1}is that in the background
you can see
938
00:50:03,466 --> 00:50:06,533
{\an1}Ronald and Nancy Reagan
being starstruck!
939
00:50:06,566 --> 00:50:08,533
[ Laughs ]
-Yeah. Absolutely.
940
00:50:08,566 --> 00:50:10,533
I think that --
I think the whole crowd was,
941
00:50:10,566 --> 00:50:12,966
{\an1}and I think -- To be honest, I
think the
world
was starstruck,
942
00:50:13,000 --> 00:50:15,366
{\an1}because it made headlines
across the globe.
943
00:50:15,400 --> 00:50:18,833
{\an1}-How does this dress work?
What makes it look so good?
944
00:50:18,866 --> 00:50:20,533
-Part of what
made this dress look good
945
00:50:20,566 --> 00:50:22,766
was the fact
that Princess Diana wore it.
946
00:50:22,800 --> 00:50:25,333
{\an1}But this is a very beautifully
constructed dress.
947
00:50:25,366 --> 00:50:28,633
So, it's in
a midnight-blue velvet.
948
00:50:28,666 --> 00:50:33,966
Very artfully ruched all the way
down the bodice to the thigh.
949
00:50:34,000 --> 00:50:38,466
{\an1}But the real magic of those
photos is that that skirt
950
00:50:38,500 --> 00:50:40,866
{\an8}is so full
that it twirled up around her.
951
00:50:40,900 --> 00:50:43,266
{\an7}If she had been wearing
any other dress,
952
00:50:43,300 --> 00:50:46,100
{\an7}those photos wouldn't
have been nearly as iconic.
953
00:50:46,133 --> 00:50:47,766
{\an7}And it's that incredible meeting
954
00:50:47,800 --> 00:50:50,300
{\an7}of Hollywood and royalty
coming together
955
00:50:50,333 --> 00:50:53,966
{\an7}that just sort of captured
everyone's imagination.
956
00:50:54,000 --> 00:50:56,233
{\an7}-What do you think
this dress says about Diana's
957
00:50:56,266 --> 00:50:59,966
{\an7}growing fashion confidence?
958
00:51:00,000 --> 00:51:04,666
{\an1}-In the early '80s,
Diana was still wearing
959
00:51:04,700 --> 00:51:06,833
lots of very new,
romantic styles.
960
00:51:06,866 --> 00:51:11,100
{\an1}So lots of frills.
Lots of puffy sleeves.
961
00:51:11,133 --> 00:51:13,733
{\an1}But in 1985, there's a shift,
962
00:51:13,766 --> 00:51:17,233
and you find her
moving towards designers
963
00:51:17,266 --> 00:51:22,000
{\an1}and towards designs that are
very sleek and very timeless.
964
00:51:22,033 --> 00:51:23,833
{\an1}And that's the style
she stuck with then
965
00:51:23,866 --> 00:51:25,233
{\an1}for the rest of her life,
966
00:51:25,266 --> 00:51:27,300
{\an1}those very kind of sleek
column dresses.
967
00:51:27,333 --> 00:51:31,166
{\an1}And it shows a woman, I guess,
finding her own style,
968
00:51:31,200 --> 00:51:34,300
{\an1}but also a style that worked
on an international stage.
969
00:51:34,333 --> 00:51:36,166
{\an1}-She sort of becomes herself.
970
00:51:36,200 --> 00:51:38,033
It seems like
the job of being royal
971
00:51:38,066 --> 00:51:42,966
{\an1}has turned into establishing
what you might call...
972
00:51:43,000 --> 00:51:45,500
{\an1}a personal visual brand.
973
00:51:45,533 --> 00:51:47,133
And you can see
the Queen does that.
974
00:51:47,166 --> 00:51:48,666
She kind of
always dresses the same
975
00:51:48,700 --> 00:51:51,233
and always looks
very recognizable and good.
976
00:51:51,266 --> 00:51:55,533
{\an1}And you can see Diana reaching
that moment in this dress.
977
00:51:55,566 --> 00:51:58,000
{\an1}-I think so. Certainly in terms
of her fashion story,
978
00:51:58,033 --> 00:52:00,333
this is --
this is the beginning.
979
00:52:00,366 --> 00:52:03,633
-It's peak Diana!
-[ Laughs ] It is.
980
00:52:03,666 --> 00:52:08,766
{\an8}♪♪
981
00:52:08,800 --> 00:52:13,333
{\an1}-On the 31st of August, 1997,
982
00:52:13,366 --> 00:52:17,600
Diana was killed
in a car crash in Paris.
983
00:52:17,633 --> 00:52:20,500
{\an1}She was just 36 years old.
984
00:52:20,533 --> 00:52:24,033
{\an8}♪♪
985
00:52:24,066 --> 00:52:26,533
{\an1}In the days after her death,
986
00:52:26,566 --> 00:52:29,833
{\an1}hundreds of thousands
of mourners
987
00:52:29,866 --> 00:52:32,966
{\an1}left an extraordinary carpet
of flowers
988
00:52:33,000 --> 00:52:36,533
{\an1}in front of the gates
of Kensington Palace.
989
00:52:36,566 --> 00:52:40,200
{\an1}This public outpouring
of grief for Diana
990
00:52:40,233 --> 00:52:42,366
{\an1}was a watershed moment
991
00:52:42,400 --> 00:52:44,666
{\an1}in our relationship
with the royals.
992
00:52:44,700 --> 00:52:47,133
{\an1}To the millions of people
who mourned her
993
00:52:47,166 --> 00:52:49,533
{\an1}as the people's princess,
994
00:52:49,566 --> 00:52:53,266
{\an1}she wasn't some remote figure
locked up in a palace.
995
00:52:53,300 --> 00:52:55,900
{\an1}No. She was one of us almost.
996
00:52:55,933 --> 00:52:59,300
{\an1}There was the sense
of personal connection.
997
00:52:59,333 --> 00:53:01,300
{\an1}And these golden gates,
998
00:53:01,333 --> 00:53:04,466
almost buried
in a sea of flowers,
999
00:53:04,500 --> 00:53:08,433
became a symbol
of this new royal relationship.
1000
00:53:08,466 --> 00:53:11,066
{\an8}♪♪
1001
00:53:11,100 --> 00:53:13,300
{\an1}The Tower of London...
1002
00:53:13,333 --> 00:53:15,000
Hampton Court...
1003
00:53:15,033 --> 00:53:17,033
{\an1}and Kensington Palace
1004
00:53:17,066 --> 00:53:21,466
{\an1}are products of extraordinary
power and privilege.
1005
00:53:21,500 --> 00:53:25,866
{\an1}But they're also unique windows
into the hopes and fears,
1006
00:53:25,900 --> 00:53:31,066
{\an1}the triumphs and the tragedies
of Britain's kings and queens.
1007
00:53:31,100 --> 00:53:33,700
{\an1}I don't think we'll ever tire
1008
00:53:33,733 --> 00:53:37,800
{\an1}of wandering around these
three extraordinary palaces,
1009
00:53:37,833 --> 00:53:40,000
{\an1}marveling at their splendor,
1010
00:53:40,033 --> 00:53:41,900
poking into
their hidden corners,
1011
00:53:41,933 --> 00:53:43,866
{\an1}because these buildings,
1012
00:53:43,900 --> 00:53:47,700
in parts opulent,
in parts very ordinary,
1013
00:53:47,733 --> 00:53:51,366
{\an1}reveal what it means
to be royal.
1014
00:53:51,400 --> 00:53:56,966
{\an8}♪♪
1015
00:53:57,000 --> 00:54:02,566
{\an8}♪♪
1016
00:54:04,433 --> 00:54:09,866
{\an7}-To order "Lucy Worsley's
Royal Palace Secrets" on DVD,
1017
00:54:09,900 --> 00:54:13,866
{\an8}visit ShopPBS
or call 1-800-PLAY-PBS.
1018
00:54:13,900 --> 00:54:16,500
{\an8}Also available
on Amazon Prime Video.
1019
00:54:16,533 --> 00:54:24,666
{\an8}♪♪
1020
00:54:24,700 --> 00:54:32,733
{\an8}♪♪