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Did you know there is one place
from which you can see,
not only Mars and Venus,

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but all the other heavenly bodies?

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And where is that, may I ask?
I'm delighted you asked me,

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because I'm going to show you!

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LAUGHTER

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# The stars at night
are shining bright

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ERIC AND ERNIE: # Deep in the heart
of Texas... #

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There's no-one else
who has been Mr Astronomy

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throughout all these years
except Mr Patrick Moore.

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Sir Patrick Moore.

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# Tiptoe through the tulips

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# By the window
that's where I will be

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# Tiptoe through the tulips
with me... #

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He was a great conveyor
of enthusiasm and enjoyment.

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# Tiptoe through the tulips

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# To the shadow of a willow tree... #

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It just happened to be that his
subject was the stars.

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It could be that at somewhere
in the universe,

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some being at this very moment

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is looking
at a television screen and seeing...

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Well, good evening and welcome
to The Sky At Night.

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LAUGHTER

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Now, pay attention
because I've got my eye on you.

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He was a TV icon.

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You didn't watch
The Sky At Night for the astronomy.

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Of course you won't see Vega
looking large,

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because no telescope yet built
will show a star... It's gone.

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Is it gone? Oh, no.

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Just as I got it on the cross wires,
it blacked right out.

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How absolutely typical,
there's nothing we can do about it.

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Patrick was a great eccentric
and he played on his eccentricity,

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and it's why, I think, he became
such a household name.

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We've really exciting news,

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Halley's Comet has been sighted
for the first time in over 70 years.
Of course...

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People who had no interest
in astronomy

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began to learn and become interested
because of his own personality,

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they actually looked forward to
seeing this crazy man on TV.

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Good evening.
Well, I'm afraid Burnham's Comet

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turned out to be something
of a disappointment.

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Quite a number of people wrote in to
say they managed to see it all right,

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but it didn't
really come up to expectations...

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Sir Patrick Moore was Britain's
most famous astronomer,

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a much loved eccentric,

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he was a fixture on British
television since 1957.

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I can't, incidentally,
resist quoting one letter.

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Watched from 12 o'clock
to 5 o'clock in the morning.

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Meteors, from the sky, none.

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From the wife, plenty.

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He inspired generations of
astronomers, and I was one of them.

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He was also a prolific author,
an accomplished musician

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and a keen cricket player.

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I was asked to hit for an 11.
An 11. Yes.

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The wretched man hit the ball into
the outfield,

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it went in a rabbit hole and the
fielder forgot to call "lost ball"

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by the time it was found,
they'd run 11.

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Born in 1923, Patrick became hooked
on astronomy at the age of six.

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An only child, he was educated
at home, due to a weak heart

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and when war broke out, he lied
about his age, faked a medical

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and joined the RAF, serving with
Bomber Command as a navigator.

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You were on active service
in the war, weren't you?

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Well, I pottered about,
not doing very much.

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I claim to be the only pupil
navigator who pinpointed Bristol
when he was actually over Norwich.

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War changed Patrick's
life in several ways.

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His only girlfriend
was killed in an air raid

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shortly after they were engaged.

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He never married.

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We were both happy.
We had planned to have a son.

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It never got started at all.
He would have been 60 now.

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Yes. I'm a bachelor.

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That really is why you are a
bachelor today? Of course it is.

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These things happen, you've got
to make the best of a bad job.

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She's not there, and that's it.

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He never really got over it.

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He said that there was never
another woman for him,

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but he never wanted

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another relationship
with a woman like that.

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He said that was it, that was his
one love and he didn't want another.

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After the war,
Patrick turned down the state grant

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he needed to take up a place
at Cambridge.

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Whilst working as a teacher,

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he pursued astronomy
in his spare time.

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You call yourself an amateur
astronomer, I think a lot of people
would say

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that you're being unduly modest.
Not a bit of it.

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My only role in astronomy these days,
if I've got one at all,

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is that I do a bit of observing
here and there

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and I've written some stuff
and all I can try and do, really,

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is to try and egg on those people
who can do far better than I can.

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Nonetheless, in 1953,
he mapped the surface of the moon

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to produce the most comprehensive
atlas of the time.

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It was Patrick's map which helped
the Apollo astronauts

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to land on the moon.

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It was a guidance for the Russian
space programme as well.

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And so this amateur project
that had its origins

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in casual sketches of the moon
then became this shot in the arsenal

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for NASA and the Russian space
agency to do their things.

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Patrick was very proud
that the work that he did

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had this real fundamental importance
in astronomy.

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In April 1957, Patrick was asked
to front a new television series

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about astronomy,
and The Sky At Night was born.

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Good evening.

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It was a great treat,
because it was only on once a month.

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Mercury and Venus and Mars
are all so badly placed

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that, to all intents and purposes,
they are out of view altogether.

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Patrick had a liveliness that was
not on a lot of television then.

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Jupiter is making quite a brave show

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and you can see it in the southern
part of the sky, late at night.

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You felt you were members of a sort
of secret society, late at night

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and Patrick was the head boy,
guiding us through everything.

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First of all,
here is a globe to represent Uranus.

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And here is a globe to represent
the Earth on the same scale

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and you can see there's a
very considerable difference.

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I had a vivid picture of Patrick

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staring very intensely out
from the screen

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and it was riveting. It was just
absolutely riveting to say,

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"This is what you can see
and if you go out there

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"you can see this in the sky."

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Saturn never has been shown
on direct television before

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and it's a difficult object.
Please don't imagine

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you're going to get as large
and as detailed a picture

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as that very fine drawing
that appeared in the Radio Times.

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Because that was a drawing

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and it's a very different matter from
getting a picture on screen.

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There it is.
Yes, and there is Saturn

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for the first time on direct
television. You can see...

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I was fascinated
by astronomy as a kid

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and I think really it came from
seeing Patrick on The Sky At Night.

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It awakened in me
this absolute joy

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of looking up into the night sky,
which I still have,

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I still have this childish awe
looking at the stars

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and I actually decided that rather
than be a train driver,

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I would be an astronomer.

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That's really what I wanted to do,
most in the world, alongside music.

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The Sky At Night
started broadcasting

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at the dawn of the space age.

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For those like myself who were
children in the 1950s,

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space travel was something
futuristic,

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which really belonged
on a cornflakes packet

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rather than anywhere else.

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Of course, it was the Sputnik
in 1957 which make this a reality,

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followed quickly by sending up
the first people into space.

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You know, if I'd come on the air
in 1957

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when we did the first
of The Sky At Night programmes

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and said that within five years
I'd be showing you pictures

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of the first man to go around
the Earth in orbit in a spaceship...

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Well, I think
you'd have regarded me as mad.

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He perhaps was born
at the best time possible,

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because he saw incredible
development

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throughout the 20th century
and the beginning of the 21st.

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'It's a very exciting place
to live or work.'

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Well, Patrick Moore, what did you
think of that? Quite incredible.

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One thing you've got to bear in mind,
they were magnificent pictures,

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I'm not going to say they show us
more detail than the orbiters,
but they probably do.

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This has been a fantastic few
decades in astronomy,

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and Patrick had the joy to be able
to report on it all.

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'We have lift-off.
32 minutes past the hour.

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'Lift-off of Apollo 11.'

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The moon landing was such
a huge thing for Patrick,

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because there's his moon that he's
been studying in his telescope,

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suddenly there are people
walking on it.

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'We are setting down, Eagle.

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'The Eagle has landed.

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'Roger, Tranquillity. You got
a bunch of guys about to turn blue.

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'We're breathing again. Thanks.'

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Well, this is the moment,
if there ever was a moment,

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for Patrick Moore.

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I feel absolutely overcome, I've
lived with this idea all my life,

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now that it's really happened,
I can hardly believe it.

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No admiration can be too great
for those magnificent men

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who brought this strange, spidery
module down on the moon.

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This obviously is a moment that
humanity is never going to forget.

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That's one small step for man...

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..one giant leap for mankind.

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I think he was rather sad,
as we all were,
when the moon landings finished,

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but I remember a marvellous
Sky At Night programme he did,

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with the last man
on the moon, Gene Cernan,

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commander of Apollo 17,

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and you really got a feel
for what it was like to be there.

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What about navigational problems,
did you have any?

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We studied, due to a great
deal of your work, of course,

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on the mapping of the moon,

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we studied the area we were going
to land so well,

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that I really believe I knew it
at least from the air, from above,

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as well as I know my own backyard.

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ASTRONAUTS: # I was strolling
on the moon one day

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# In the merry, merry month
of December... #

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No, May.

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Oh, what a nice day.
There's not a cloud in the sky.

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I think Patrick's enthusiasm
and his passionate account

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of what was happening on the moon
added a lot to our perception.

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He was able to interpret that for us
and make it seem real,

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make it something
we could understand.

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The way he came over,
as this great enthusiast,

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this fast-talking, this person
who was bubbling for the subject,

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was just the same as he was
in real life.

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He always saw it as his role to be,
if you like, the Mr Astronomy,

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the man who would try and encourage
new generations of people

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to take up an interest
in his subject.

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He had this instinct, this sense,
to pick up young people,

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and I was one of them,

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and to get them into astronomy,
to realise their enthusiasm

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and he'd sort of nurture us.

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Back in the 1960s when I was about
to go into a career,

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I couldn't work out what to do.

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I was a keen young, amateur
astronomer when I was about 10,

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but I'd given it all up
for rock bands and boys

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and the usual kind of stuff
you get into.

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Let me ask you one direct question.

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Do you think there really is a black
hole in the middle of the galaxy?

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I won't be positive,
but I do think it's the one object,

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which at the moment
fits all the observations.

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Well, you could be right.
Let's go and look.

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I'm game if you are. Right.

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My mother actually said to me,

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"Why don't you become
a professional astronomer?"

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and I said,
"I haven't a clue what to do."

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She said, "Why don't you write
to Patrick Moore?

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Well, we told you it was like
science fiction! Good night!

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And I wrote to him and I said,

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"I was thinking of going into
professional astronomy..."

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and put a PS at the end,
"I'm a girl.

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"Is this a handicap?"
Couldn't believe he replied to me.

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It says, "From Patrick Moore.

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"Dear Ms Couper,
many thanks for your letter.

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"Let me assure you on one point.

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"Being a girl is no handicap
at all!"

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I just thought that generosity
of spirit was fantastic.

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It really urged me on to try
for a career in astronomy.

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"Does this help? Let me know.

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"I will do everything I can
to be of assistance.

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"With all best wishes, yours
sincerely, Patrick Moore." Amazing.

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Patrick responded to thousands
of letters

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on an old-fashioned typewriter,

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00:11:48,440 --> 00:11:50,680
which he refused to swap
for a computer.

234
00:11:52,120 --> 00:11:53,760
Most of the keys didn't work,

235
00:11:53,760 --> 00:11:56,440
it drove many publishers
completely berserk.

236
00:11:56,440 --> 00:11:58,560
You would hear
the typewriter going

237
00:11:58,560 --> 00:12:01,280
and probably six times out of ten
he was answering letters,

238
00:12:01,280 --> 00:12:04,760
often from small boys or girls

239
00:12:04,760 --> 00:12:07,360
who were interested in astronomy
and he replied to them all.

240
00:12:07,360 --> 00:12:10,360
It was almost sacrosanct. It was
something he consistently did

241
00:12:10,360 --> 00:12:12,920
right up to the time
when he could hardly type.

242
00:12:14,360 --> 00:12:18,640
When I was a schoolboy, I joined
a local astronomical society

243
00:12:18,640 --> 00:12:21,360
and Patrick made monthly visits
to the society.

244
00:12:21,360 --> 00:12:24,240
I was from a working-class
neighbourhood

245
00:12:24,240 --> 00:12:29,400
and to be able to see through
the chink in the curtain

246
00:12:29,400 --> 00:12:34,160
to life beyond, that was something
which I valued enormously.

247
00:12:35,200 --> 00:12:38,240
Patrick, right up to
his final years,

248
00:12:38,240 --> 00:12:42,560
was enthusing young people.

249
00:12:42,560 --> 00:12:48,320
He never married, of course. In
many ways, we were all his family.

250
00:12:48,320 --> 00:12:52,040
We'd phoned him up and said, "We're
a couple of boys at the local school

251
00:12:52,040 --> 00:12:55,400
"interested in astronomy, could we
look through your telescope?"

252
00:12:55,400 --> 00:12:58,120
He said, "Please come down
next clear night!"

253
00:12:58,120 --> 00:13:01,360
I was a very short lad
and couldn't reach the eyepiece

254
00:13:01,360 --> 00:13:03,520
and Patrick lifted me up
to the telescope

255
00:13:03,520 --> 00:13:05,800
and the first thing I looked
at through the telescope

256
00:13:05,800 --> 00:13:10,480
was the planet Saturn,
and it was just so beautiful.

257
00:13:10,480 --> 00:13:13,000
I was utterly transfixed.

258
00:13:13,000 --> 00:13:14,320
I'm walking along the rim

259
00:13:14,320 --> 00:13:17,560
of one of the most remarkable places
in the entire world.

260
00:13:17,560 --> 00:13:22,160
This is Meteor Crater in Arizona,
a huge gaping hole in the ground,

261
00:13:22,160 --> 00:13:25,760
over 4,000 feet across.
Just look at it!

262
00:13:25,760 --> 00:13:29,160
The Sky At Night was commissioned
for only three programs,

263
00:13:29,160 --> 00:13:31,640
but under Patrick
it went on to become

264
00:13:31,640 --> 00:13:34,840
the world's longest-running
TV series with the same presenter.

265
00:13:34,840 --> 00:13:36,960
The reason why people
watch your programme

266
00:13:36,960 --> 00:13:39,560
is as much for you. No.
Oh, it is, Patrick.

267
00:13:39,560 --> 00:13:42,120
It's your performance.
Am I not right?

268
00:13:42,120 --> 00:13:44,840
Is not the performance as much
as what he says? AUDIENCE: Yes.

269
00:13:44,840 --> 00:13:47,560
People are fascinated by
the way that you tell them things.

270
00:13:47,560 --> 00:13:50,960
Now, you can't deny that.
You're being modest. No, I'm not.

271
00:13:50,960 --> 00:13:54,400
It so happened that when astronomy,
when I say metaphorically
down-to-earth,

272
00:13:54,400 --> 00:13:57,600
and this was really in 1957,
when the space age started,

273
00:13:57,600 --> 00:14:00,000
I was the person who was doing
it, so, there I've stayed,

274
00:14:00,000 --> 00:14:03,560
but astronomy is fascinating and if
someone else was around at the time,

275
00:14:03,560 --> 00:14:06,000
they'd be on air and be sitting
talking to you, not me.

276
00:14:06,000 --> 00:14:08,960
This month's Sky At Night
is about the distances of the stars.

277
00:14:08,960 --> 00:14:16,120
He did fill the screen
and he spoke machine-gun rapid,

278
00:14:16,120 --> 00:14:18,840
but articulate and entertaining.

279
00:14:18,840 --> 00:14:22,840
Will you please close one eye,
doesn't matter which one

280
00:14:22,840 --> 00:14:27,240
and then hold up your finger
and line your finger up

281
00:14:27,240 --> 00:14:31,120
with my nose as you see it on the
television screen, got that?

282
00:14:31,120 --> 00:14:34,960
Now, without moving anything,
use the other eye

283
00:14:34,960 --> 00:14:39,160
and you will see that your finger is
no longer lined up with my nose.

284
00:14:39,160 --> 00:14:42,320
If you keep everything quite still
and flick your eyes around like that,

285
00:14:42,320 --> 00:14:44,920
you will see your finger
apparently flashing to and fro.

286
00:14:44,920 --> 00:14:48,720
It was the sheer quirkiness
of Patrick

287
00:14:48,720 --> 00:14:52,360
that really invited people
to want to watch him.

288
00:14:52,360 --> 00:14:55,520
The tides as you know are influenced
by the sun and the moon

289
00:14:55,520 --> 00:14:58,520
and when they pull together, as
they are doing at the present moment,

290
00:14:58,520 --> 00:15:00,720
the pull is added, you see,
and we get high tide.

291
00:15:00,720 --> 00:15:04,880
Granted that forces are enormous,
just how big are they?

292
00:15:04,880 --> 00:15:07,400
It's absolutely tremendous. There's
no doubt at all.

293
00:15:07,400 --> 00:15:12,600
Also the tides are the biggest
natural force in the entire world.

294
00:15:12,600 --> 00:15:16,480
As a communicator,
he was the supreme professional

295
00:15:16,480 --> 00:15:19,800
in that you could stand him up
in front of a camera,

296
00:15:19,800 --> 00:15:23,360
ask him to talk without hesitation,
deviation or repetition

297
00:15:23,360 --> 00:15:25,480
for two and a half minutes about
some subject,

298
00:15:25,480 --> 00:15:28,400
he could do this perfectly.
Convey a lot of information,

299
00:15:28,400 --> 00:15:30,880
he could do it even
if it was some new discovery

300
00:15:30,880 --> 00:15:32,560
he'd only heard about
a few hours ago.

301
00:15:32,560 --> 00:15:35,320
He was approached one morning by CNN

302
00:15:35,320 --> 00:15:37,720
to do a broadcast for them
and they said,

303
00:15:37,720 --> 00:15:40,120
"The person we were due to interview
has dropped out.

304
00:15:40,120 --> 00:15:42,360
"Would you mind doing
an interview for us?

305
00:15:42,360 --> 00:15:44,160
He said, "Not at all, not at all."

306
00:15:44,160 --> 00:15:47,520
They said, "How long will it take
you to write the script?"

307
00:15:47,520 --> 00:15:50,200
He said, "Script?
I don't work from a script!

308
00:15:50,200 --> 00:15:53,400
But there is one world apart from
the Earth...

309
00:15:53,400 --> 00:15:54,960
Patrick was a perfectionist,

310
00:15:54,960 --> 00:15:57,160
but the downside of that was
if it all went wrong,

311
00:15:57,160 --> 00:16:00,200
he got terribly frustrated
and started making...

312
00:16:00,200 --> 00:16:03,160
using somewhat loose language,
shall we say,

313
00:16:03,160 --> 00:16:05,440
which had to be edited out
of the recordings.

314
00:16:05,440 --> 00:16:08,560
Look at all that volcastic... Oh!

315
00:16:11,240 --> 00:16:13,000
Sorry!

316
00:16:15,000 --> 00:16:16,520
Blast and hell!

317
00:16:16,520 --> 00:16:18,480
When you watch yourself
on television,

318
00:16:18,480 --> 00:16:21,160
one always sees one's own faults
very clearly.

319
00:16:21,160 --> 00:16:24,120
I do. I talk far too fast, I have to,
to get things in,

320
00:16:24,120 --> 00:16:27,080
I realise this perfectly well, but
it's no good trying to slow down,

321
00:16:27,080 --> 00:16:28,200
It's just me.

322
00:16:28,200 --> 00:16:30,480
A lot of people have been
writing to The Sky At Night,

323
00:16:30,480 --> 00:16:33,400
asking questions about astronomy
and it's a fascinating subject.

324
00:16:33,400 --> 00:16:35,280
LAUGHTER

325
00:16:35,280 --> 00:16:38,320
People want to know why don't we put
The Sky At Night on earlier

326
00:16:38,320 --> 00:16:41,720
in the summertime for children,
we would put it on earlier,

327
00:16:41,720 --> 00:16:45,520
but we have to wait until
it goes dark before we do
the damn thing at all!

328
00:16:45,520 --> 00:16:48,720
Patrick's character and style
lent itself to impersonation.

329
00:16:51,800 --> 00:16:53,400
Welcome to The Sky At Night.

330
00:16:53,400 --> 00:16:55,600
I'm a very bad impression
of Patrick Moore.

331
00:16:55,600 --> 00:16:59,160
He was often being copied by many
impressionists and comedians,

332
00:16:59,160 --> 00:17:02,560
but I think it was the impersonation
that Ronnie Barker did of him

333
00:17:02,560 --> 00:17:05,840
that was the one he loved,
he really found that so funny.

334
00:17:10,400 --> 00:17:13,480
Patrick was always laughing
about the orrery,

335
00:17:13,480 --> 00:17:17,200
which they gave to The Two Ronnies
to do the sketch.

336
00:17:17,200 --> 00:17:20,080
They apparently broke
while doing the programmes.

337
00:17:20,080 --> 00:17:22,320
I'm sorry to have to inflict myself
on you like this,

338
00:17:22,320 --> 00:17:25,880
but Patrick couldn't be here, so
he asked me to step into his shoes.

339
00:17:25,880 --> 00:17:29,040
Why not,
he's always wearing my suits!

340
00:17:29,040 --> 00:17:31,880
So, here I am, and he asked me to
apologise to you for not being here,

341
00:17:31,880 --> 00:17:35,440
but he had to show his telescope
to the local townswomen's guild.

342
00:17:35,440 --> 00:17:37,920
If they like it, they're going
to knit him a cover for it.

343
00:17:41,440 --> 00:17:44,320
I think that you can both
be prepared to sit up

344
00:17:44,320 --> 00:17:47,760
and gasp in amazement,
because I happen to own

345
00:17:47,760 --> 00:17:51,840
the ultimate in telescopes,
perfected after years of research.

346
00:17:51,840 --> 00:17:53,880
Can we see it, please?
Of course you can. Yes.

347
00:17:53,880 --> 00:17:56,560
LAUGHTER

348
00:17:57,840 --> 00:18:01,480
If you just cast your eyes over
that. The ultimate in telescopes?

349
00:18:01,480 --> 00:18:04,720
Oh, yes. It's a very fine piece
of equipment. Of course it is!

350
00:18:04,720 --> 00:18:06,640
I'll tell you something,
on a clear night,

351
00:18:06,640 --> 00:18:09,280
I can see the bottom of the bed!

352
00:18:09,280 --> 00:18:12,720
Many people, Patrick, might label
you as being an eccentric,

353
00:18:12,720 --> 00:18:14,080
would you object to that?

354
00:18:14,080 --> 00:18:17,520
Not in the slightest,
I'm sure it's perfectly true.

355
00:18:17,520 --> 00:18:22,680
Is it a condition that you approve
of? Yes, I think it probably is.

356
00:18:22,680 --> 00:18:24,680
It's awfully difficult to tell,
you know,

357
00:18:24,680 --> 00:18:27,360
does one nut think another nut
is a nut or not?

358
00:18:27,360 --> 00:18:29,240
It's an interesting
psychological point.

359
00:18:29,240 --> 00:18:32,760
Something there
for psychiatrists to work out,
and no-one's nuttier than they are.

360
00:18:32,760 --> 00:18:35,480
The eccentricity was
something that he played on,

361
00:18:35,480 --> 00:18:38,680
but I think also it made him
a very lovable character.

362
00:18:38,680 --> 00:18:42,560
Although having the monocle was
something he had obviously

363
00:18:42,560 --> 00:18:47,120
ever since he was a boy, it added to
the air of interest about him.

364
00:18:47,120 --> 00:18:50,920
What about the real eccentrics?
Flat-Earthers, and people like that.

365
00:18:50,920 --> 00:18:52,480
How do you feel about them?

366
00:18:52,480 --> 00:18:55,240
I have the very greatest sympathy
for them. Don't forget,

367
00:18:55,240 --> 00:18:58,040
many, many years ago, there was a man
named Copernicus

368
00:18:58,040 --> 00:19:02,280
and Copernicus said the sun does not
go round the Earth,

369
00:19:02,280 --> 00:19:05,360
the Earth goes round the sun,
and everyone said he was a crank.

370
00:19:05,360 --> 00:19:09,000
But of course,
the Earth does go round the sun,
at least I think it does.

371
00:19:09,000 --> 00:19:11,480
MAN SPEAKS VENUSIAN

372
00:19:11,480 --> 00:19:13,360
What does that mean, actually?

373
00:19:13,360 --> 00:19:15,840
That means, "How are all you?

374
00:19:15,840 --> 00:19:19,480
"I am very pleased to see you
this afternoon."

375
00:19:19,480 --> 00:19:21,320
How did you learn these languages?

376
00:19:21,320 --> 00:19:27,360
These languages have been a gift
sent from me from the actual people.

377
00:19:27,360 --> 00:19:30,560
Patrick's talking to this man
who was speaking Venusian to him

378
00:19:30,560 --> 00:19:33,080
and Patrick is apparently
taking it very seriously

379
00:19:33,080 --> 00:19:36,960
and he's being very polite, but
Patrick was always very dismissive

380
00:19:36,960 --> 00:19:39,240
of anything which
isn't pure science.

381
00:19:39,240 --> 00:19:43,240
..one of these small steroids
chased us through the copse.

382
00:19:43,240 --> 00:19:45,360
And we tried in turn to chase it,

383
00:19:45,360 --> 00:19:48,080
and it just went along there
at a terrific pace.

384
00:19:48,080 --> 00:19:50,360
It was no bigger
than a soup plate.

385
00:19:50,360 --> 00:19:52,880
It must've been a robot eye.
Yes, yes.

386
00:19:52,880 --> 00:19:55,640
Or a beacon which was sent down
from the craft.

387
00:19:55,640 --> 00:19:59,040
I may well be missing something,
I wonder.

388
00:20:04,320 --> 00:20:08,120
As well as astronomy, Patrick's
other great passion was music.

389
00:20:10,000 --> 00:20:13,960
Patrick was a good musician. You
can see in his xylophone playing,

390
00:20:13,960 --> 00:20:16,400
he's no fool, piano playing as well.

391
00:20:16,400 --> 00:20:19,920
We're talking about a man who could
have made that his profession
if he wanted to.

392
00:20:19,920 --> 00:20:23,600
But his passion for astronomy
overtook everything else.

393
00:20:31,120 --> 00:20:34,240
We talked about music quite a bit,
we had some musical evenings

394
00:20:34,240 --> 00:20:37,240
and I always gave him our albums
when they came out

395
00:20:37,240 --> 00:20:40,000
and he would always say,
"Well, it's not my cup of tea,

396
00:20:40,000 --> 00:20:42,800
"but I absolutely appreciate it,"
you know,

397
00:20:42,800 --> 00:20:47,800
but for choice he'd be listening to
his own operas and classical pieces.

398
00:20:49,680 --> 00:20:53,120
Although he continued broadcasting,
in his late 70s,

399
00:20:53,120 --> 00:20:57,120
arthritis forced Patrick to give up
the things that he loved,

400
00:20:57,120 --> 00:20:59,960
playing music
and using his telescopes.

401
00:21:01,400 --> 00:21:06,720
Patrick had this incredible
fast mind that was racing

402
00:21:06,720 --> 00:21:09,760
and yet the body was
slowly deteriorating

403
00:21:09,760 --> 00:21:13,400
and it was so sad for those of us
who knew him well,

404
00:21:13,400 --> 00:21:17,640
to see this person who was so full
of excitement and vigour still

405
00:21:17,640 --> 00:21:20,640
in a body that was
just decaying around him.

406
00:21:20,640 --> 00:21:24,320
As he got older, he could find
humour even when he was poorly.

407
00:21:24,320 --> 00:21:26,600
You've seen Halley's Comet
both times, haven't you?

408
00:21:28,440 --> 00:21:31,960
When he was on Have I Got News For
You, he thought it was amusing

409
00:21:31,960 --> 00:21:33,840
to be the butt of a bit of humour.

410
00:21:33,840 --> 00:21:36,680
LAUGHTER AND APPLAUSE

411
00:21:42,960 --> 00:21:45,200
HE MUTTERS

412
00:21:47,640 --> 00:21:52,200
So, where are we? There's the sun.

413
00:21:52,200 --> 00:21:53,720
What's happened to Uranus?

414
00:21:53,720 --> 00:21:56,000
Patrick's always seeing
the joke before they do,

415
00:21:56,000 --> 00:21:59,080
effectively sort of
caricaturing himself.

416
00:21:59,080 --> 00:22:01,040
Do you still need therapy?

417
00:22:01,040 --> 00:22:04,600
He even did for me, he did adverts
for the air guitar collections

418
00:22:04,600 --> 00:22:07,200
which I do, where he actually plays
air guitar and gets into it

419
00:22:07,200 --> 00:22:09,000
and does this, you know.

420
00:22:09,000 --> 00:22:13,000
No strings attached.
I think it's a really great quality.

421
00:22:13,000 --> 00:22:15,840
Patrick was awarded an OBE in 1968,

422
00:22:15,840 --> 00:22:18,520
a CBE in 1998

423
00:22:18,520 --> 00:22:20,440
and 2001, he was knighted

424
00:22:20,440 --> 00:22:23,280
for services to science
and broadcasting.

425
00:22:23,280 --> 00:22:26,120
When he got the letter
from the palace,

426
00:22:26,120 --> 00:22:29,240
he was just so thrilled and then,
of course, to get the BAFTA award

427
00:22:29,240 --> 00:22:32,840
as well in the same year
and presented by Buzz Aldrin,

428
00:22:32,840 --> 00:22:36,600
the second man on the moon,
this was such a thrill for Patrick.

429
00:22:38,080 --> 00:22:43,800
Not only has this man met
every single lunar astronaut,

430
00:22:43,800 --> 00:22:46,400
he will modestly tell you
that he's also

431
00:22:46,400 --> 00:22:50,240
met both the first man in space

432
00:22:50,240 --> 00:22:53,000
and the first man
to fly an aeroplane.

433
00:22:53,000 --> 00:22:56,160
I'm pleased to say that this
special award

434
00:22:56,160 --> 00:23:00,800
is being presented to my good
friend, Sir Patrick Moore.

435
00:23:00,800 --> 00:23:03,320
APPLAUSE

436
00:23:07,840 --> 00:23:09,880
Thank you so much.

437
00:23:09,880 --> 00:23:12,680
APPLAUSE

438
00:23:12,680 --> 00:23:17,000
I must say,
I feel really overwhelmed.

439
00:23:17,000 --> 00:23:22,200
There are so many people here who
have done so much more than I have.

440
00:23:22,200 --> 00:23:25,560
After all, I have merely done
some commenting,

441
00:23:25,560 --> 00:23:28,600
I did help, I suppose,
in mapping the moon,

442
00:23:28,600 --> 00:23:31,200
but I have a sort of feeling
that Buzz knows

443
00:23:31,200 --> 00:23:33,600
a bit more about the moon than I do.

444
00:23:33,600 --> 00:23:36,960
All I can say is,
I don't think for one moment

445
00:23:36,960 --> 00:23:39,880
that I deserve this award,
but I am more than grateful.

446
00:23:39,880 --> 00:23:44,040
All I can say, therefore, is,
thank you very much indeed.

447
00:23:44,040 --> 00:23:47,160
It has been one of
the great days of my life.

448
00:23:47,160 --> 00:23:48,360
Thank you.

449
00:23:48,360 --> 00:23:50,880
APPLAUSE

450
00:23:50,880 --> 00:23:52,600
Although a much-loved figure,

451
00:23:52,600 --> 00:23:54,840
Patrick was not afraid
of controversy.

452
00:23:54,840 --> 00:23:57,560
He was drawn to politics,
but never stood for Parliament,

453
00:23:57,560 --> 00:23:59,800
stating he would make
a poor candidate

454
00:23:59,800 --> 00:24:03,240
because he always said exactly
what he thought.

455
00:24:03,240 --> 00:24:05,680
He was incredibly patriotic.

456
00:24:05,680 --> 00:24:08,200
I am sorry to say that he
was also slightly...

457
00:24:08,200 --> 00:24:11,040
antiforeigner in some of the things
he said.

458
00:24:11,040 --> 00:24:13,800
But he was always somebody
who was very passionately doing

459
00:24:13,800 --> 00:24:15,080
whatever he was doing.

460
00:24:16,600 --> 00:24:19,680
Patrick wanted to see three
things during his life.

461
00:24:19,680 --> 00:24:21,480
The flaming thing's stuck.

462
00:24:21,480 --> 00:24:25,200
Each a once-in-a-lifetime
astronomical event.

463
00:24:25,200 --> 00:24:26,560
Halley's Comet,

464
00:24:26,560 --> 00:24:29,320
the transit of Venus across the sun

465
00:24:29,320 --> 00:24:32,960
and a total solar eclipse
from Britain.

466
00:24:34,120 --> 00:24:36,840
Patrick had seen eclipses
from all over the world,

467
00:24:36,840 --> 00:24:39,760
from Yugoslavia and Siberia
in the '60s

468
00:24:39,760 --> 00:24:43,880
and at sea,
off the coast of Africa in 1973.

469
00:24:43,880 --> 00:24:47,960
One trouble is the fact that the boat
will be swaying around.

470
00:24:47,960 --> 00:24:50,040
How will you cope with that?

471
00:24:50,040 --> 00:24:55,080
We made a home-made device from
wood, which is based on pivots,

472
00:24:55,080 --> 00:24:57,240
so it will move in both directions.

473
00:24:57,240 --> 00:24:59,960
It looked as if you were
balancing the camera on your teeth.

474
00:24:59,960 --> 00:25:01,880
No, strictly speaking,
it was on my nose,

475
00:25:01,880 --> 00:25:04,560
quite hard on my nose, like this.

476
00:25:04,560 --> 00:25:08,400
As the time drew near, the light
began to go down very rapidly.

477
00:25:08,400 --> 00:25:12,720
Within a few seconds, the whole ship
was plunged into darkness.

478
00:25:12,720 --> 00:25:16,600
And there's the corona,
and there's a brilliant prominence
to the side of the sun.

479
00:25:16,600 --> 00:25:19,480
This is incredible, the best corona
I think I've seen in my life.

480
00:25:19,480 --> 00:25:22,560
Well, that was a breathtaking sight.

481
00:25:25,680 --> 00:25:28,800
In 1927,
before the age of television,

482
00:25:28,800 --> 00:25:31,880
England saw its last
total solar eclipse

483
00:25:31,880 --> 00:25:33,760
and now, we can bring you

484
00:25:33,760 --> 00:25:37,120
our first total solar eclipse
from British soil.

485
00:25:37,120 --> 00:25:40,960
The day before the eclipse,
it was a beautiful sunny day

486
00:25:40,960 --> 00:25:43,520
and we had this wonderful programme
set up

487
00:25:43,520 --> 00:25:46,160
and then the day of the eclipse,
we awoke.

488
00:25:46,160 --> 00:25:48,600
The weather was awful.

489
00:25:48,600 --> 00:25:52,800
Patrick was pounding around
like a bull with a sore head.

490
00:25:52,800 --> 00:25:56,600
His producers tried to persuade him
to see the eclipse from somewhere

491
00:25:56,600 --> 00:25:59,600
where he would definitely see it,
like Turkey or wherever it would be,

492
00:25:59,600 --> 00:26:01,800
but he wanted to see it
from England, his own country.

493
00:26:02,920 --> 00:26:05,040
I must admit, I'm excited,

494
00:26:05,040 --> 00:26:07,200
because I've been looking forward
to this eclipse

495
00:26:07,200 --> 00:26:08,720
for the last 70 years.

496
00:26:08,720 --> 00:26:12,640
All we need now, is for these
wretched clouds to clear away

497
00:26:12,640 --> 00:26:14,560
and give us a nice clear sky.

498
00:26:14,560 --> 00:26:17,080
Luckily, the BBC had seen fit

499
00:26:17,080 --> 00:26:20,440
to have an aircraft
getting pictures from space.

500
00:26:20,440 --> 00:26:24,960
On the whole, at the moment, I fear
it's a really rather gloomy scene,

501
00:26:24,960 --> 00:26:27,960
but don't give up yet, one never
knows, it could still clear,

502
00:26:27,960 --> 00:26:30,720
and there's a slight lightening
of the sky over there.

503
00:26:30,720 --> 00:26:33,400
And there is the crescent sun

504
00:26:33,400 --> 00:26:35,960
and we've just had our first glimpse
of the eclipse

505
00:26:35,960 --> 00:26:37,760
and the cloud is there, it's
drifting,

506
00:26:37,760 --> 00:26:41,560
and not very long to go now.
Oh, clouds, keep away please!

507
00:26:42,680 --> 00:26:47,320
And then there's the diamond ring
and there, the lovely corona.

508
00:26:47,320 --> 00:26:49,600
CHEERING

509
00:26:52,120 --> 00:26:55,680
And that is the sight of a lifetime,
and down here, sadly,

510
00:26:55,680 --> 00:26:58,560
we are still under total cloud
and we're missing it.

511
00:27:00,040 --> 00:27:02,720
That was so sad for Patrick,

512
00:27:02,720 --> 00:27:04,520
but it was an awful lot of fun
to do,

513
00:27:04,520 --> 00:27:06,800
because he kind of could see
the funny side,

514
00:27:06,800 --> 00:27:09,640
even though
he was bitterly disappointed.

515
00:27:09,640 --> 00:27:11,000
At least we have been through

516
00:27:11,000 --> 00:27:14,280
the last English total solar
eclipse of the millennium.

517
00:27:17,440 --> 00:27:21,160
Here in my observatory in Sussex,
the weather is absolutely perfect...

518
00:27:21,160 --> 00:27:23,560
One of the rarest
events in the solar system

519
00:27:23,560 --> 00:27:26,240
is the transit of Venus
across the sun.

520
00:27:26,240 --> 00:27:28,840
Now, we know the transit
is about to start.

521
00:27:28,840 --> 00:27:30,600
Nobody has ever seen one before,

522
00:27:30,600 --> 00:27:33,440
because there hasn't been one
in any of our lifetimes,

523
00:27:33,440 --> 00:27:35,800
so it really was something
rather exciting.

524
00:27:35,800 --> 00:27:38,760
There's Venus, just first contact,

525
00:27:38,760 --> 00:27:41,560
and there's no mistaking it now.

526
00:27:41,560 --> 00:27:43,160
This really is a one-off.

527
00:27:43,160 --> 00:27:45,760
It will always be one of my greatest
memories of Patrick.

528
00:27:45,760 --> 00:27:47,760
There, is that the backdrop
there? That's it.

529
00:27:47,760 --> 00:27:51,880
It was a perfect day,
beautiful blue sky.

530
00:27:51,880 --> 00:27:54,440
As soon as the transit was over,
it clouded over,

531
00:27:54,440 --> 00:27:57,800
so we had a gift from God,
really, that day.

532
00:27:59,040 --> 00:28:00,880
And so, from Brighton

533
00:28:00,880 --> 00:28:04,360
where the sky is now completely
overcast, good night.

534
00:28:04,360 --> 00:28:06,520
Patrick lives on in the minds
and the memories

535
00:28:06,520 --> 00:28:09,280
of the people that he affected.

536
00:28:09,280 --> 00:28:13,320
Patrick's legacy is that he changed
a lot of people's lives.

537
00:28:13,320 --> 00:28:16,360
And so it's glad to know,
that Halley is on its way back,

538
00:28:16,360 --> 00:28:19,560
the wanderer has returned at last,
good night.

539
00:28:19,560 --> 00:28:23,640
Possibly the most generous man
I've ever met in my life.

540
00:28:23,640 --> 00:28:26,520
I'll miss Patrick as a friend,

541
00:28:26,520 --> 00:28:30,680
such a kind and beneficent friend,

542
00:28:30,680 --> 00:28:33,360
and an inspiration.

543
00:28:33,360 --> 00:28:36,160
What about the 80th anniversary of
The Sky At Night programme?

544
00:28:36,160 --> 00:28:38,320
Will my successor be able to talk
to you

545
00:28:38,320 --> 00:28:41,440
from a space station
or the surface of the moon?

546
00:28:41,440 --> 00:28:42,560
Quite possibly.

547
00:28:42,560 --> 00:28:45,280
And of one thing we can be
quite certain - whatever happens,

548
00:28:45,280 --> 00:28:48,800
it's going to be exciting.
Good night.

549
00:28:48,800 --> 00:28:51,320
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