1 00:00:32,300 --> 00:00:34,800 Good evening! 2 00:00:36,350 --> 00:00:38,829 Good evening, good evening, good evening, good evening, 3 00:00:38,860 --> 00:00:44,479 and welcome to QI, for another desultory dollop of dumbing-up. 4 00:00:44,510 --> 00:00:49,349 Our panel tonight is sagacious, prehensile, and sharp as a tack. 5 00:00:49,380 --> 00:00:53,380 The discriminating David Mitchell, 6 00:00:54,430 --> 00:00:58,430 the discursive Andy Hamilton, 7 00:00:59,750 --> 00:01:03,750 the dexterous Johnny Sessions 8 00:01:06,550 --> 00:01:11,550 and Alan "deep as a D-cup" Davies. 9 00:01:15,580 --> 00:01:22,549 Tonight, the buzzers are all slightly disparaging. David goes: 10 00:01:22,580 --> 00:01:24,580 Andy goes: 11 00:01:27,540 --> 00:01:29,540 Johnny goes: 12 00:01:32,080 --> 00:01:34,300 And Alan goes: 13 00:01:41,250 --> 00:01:43,819 Which brings us to our first question. 14 00:01:43,850 --> 00:01:47,759 Erm, which is the bravest species of animal? 15 00:01:47,790 --> 00:01:51,489 - Yes? - I think it might be the Ichneumon. 16 00:01:51,520 --> 00:01:54,389 The mongoose. Yes. Yes. 17 00:01:54,420 --> 00:01:58,589 Erm, because the mongoose is basically like a sort of glorified ferret, 18 00:01:58,620 --> 00:02:01,789 and it goes out of its way to kill cobras, 19 00:02:01,820 --> 00:02:05,669 and cobras can kill you just by looking at you the wrong way. 20 00:02:05,700 --> 00:02:09,089 - So I think that's pretty brave. - Why does it kill cobras? 21 00:02:09,120 --> 00:02:13,600 Because if it can only eat cobra, it's not brave: it's just sensible. It's just... you know. 22 00:02:13,601 --> 00:02:15,539 No, but cobras, you know: they come out of baskets; 23 00:02:15,570 --> 00:02:19,639 they sing; they dance... Sort of Les Dennis of the snake world. 24 00:02:19,670 --> 00:02:23,229 They're literally the hoodie of the snake world, aren't they? They've got the little hoods round their heads. 25 00:02:23,260 --> 00:02:26,569 They're not that brave, though, 'cause as far as I'm aware, the mongoose nearly always wins. 26 00:02:26,600 --> 00:02:30,389 I've never seen a David Attenborough where he suddenly goes, 27 00:02:30,420 --> 00:02:34,719 "Oh dear, the mongoose has copped it." 28 00:02:34,750 --> 00:02:40,459 What's difficult about this question, I think, is you need some kind of comparative unit of bravery. I think... 29 00:02:40,490 --> 00:02:42,089 And we have one. 30 00:02:42,120 --> 00:02:45,869 How do we show how brave people are in a graded order? 31 00:02:45,900 --> 00:02:47,729 - Medals. - Soldiers, for example. Medals! - Right. 32 00:02:47,760 --> 00:02:52,889 - There are bound to be loads of horses and dogs, that have been ridiculously given medals... - Pigeons. 33 00:02:52,920 --> 00:02:54,379 if they understood what they were doing at all. 34 00:02:54,410 --> 00:02:56,569 Pigeons get them; they get medals for making it back. 35 00:02:56,600 --> 00:02:58,639 Yes, I'm going to give you the points, Alan; you said "pigeons", didn't you? 36 00:02:58,670 --> 00:03:03,469 - Yes. Points? - Pigeons... Yes, "pigeons" mean "points". 37 00:03:03,500 --> 00:03:05,549 Brilliant. 38 00:03:05,580 --> 00:03:09,359 Maria Dickin, who founded the People's Dispensary for Sick Animals. 39 00:03:09,390 --> 00:03:12,839 In 1943, she instituted a medal called the Dickin, 40 00:03:12,870 --> 00:03:17,799 which is the equivalent of a Victoria Cross for animals that serve in the armed forces. 41 00:03:17,830 --> 00:03:20,689 - She sounds really bonkers. - Yeah, just a bit, doesn't she. 42 00:03:20,720 --> 00:03:24,159 The thing is, if you start giving the animals medals, you've got to start promoting the animals 43 00:03:24,190 --> 00:03:28,779 and at some point you get a pigeon in charge of the whole army. 44 00:03:28,810 --> 00:03:33,309 To be brave you need to know the element of risk. 45 00:03:33,340 --> 00:03:36,229 So I reckon... probably the bravest is... 46 00:03:36,260 --> 00:03:37,949 ...something like a robin. 47 00:03:37,980 --> 00:03:41,599 'Cause I've seen robins mob cats, you know; 48 00:03:41,630 --> 00:03:44,439 that's the equivalent of... of us running towards... 49 00:03:44,470 --> 00:03:50,049 - Is this as in Batman? - ...a tiger. 50 00:03:50,080 --> 00:03:53,599 - Well, 'cause that's just not fair, is it? - No, that's... 51 00:03:53,630 --> 00:03:59,159 Well, anyway, the Dickin medal has been awarded sixty times, and thirty-two times, it's gone to a pigeon. 52 00:03:59,190 --> 00:04:02,229 Once to a cat. A cat on board HMS Amethyst, 53 00:04:02,260 --> 00:04:05,659 - the Yangtze Incident. - Yangtze Incident is 1949, isn't it? 54 00:04:05,690 --> 00:04:07,829 - Entire crew saved by a cat. - Yeah. 55 00:04:07,860 --> 00:04:09,269 Well, it ate all the rats on the ship. 56 00:04:09,300 --> 00:04:12,629 - That's not bravery, though. That's just greed. - It is really, isn't it, to be perfectly honest. 57 00:04:12,660 --> 00:04:14,660 Fat moggy. 58 00:04:16,660 --> 00:04:18,660 "Medal? Yeah." 59 00:04:19,790 --> 00:04:22,779 Yes, the answer is "carrier pigeons", as in "D" for "doves". 60 00:04:22,810 --> 00:04:27,149 The London pigeon is a dove, and it's known as the "wild rock dove", 61 00:04:27,180 --> 00:04:29,669 - and is the ancestor of all doves and pigeons. - Really? 62 00:04:29,700 --> 00:04:33,979 The doves that won the Dickin medal were, strictly speaking, non-combatants. 63 00:04:34,010 --> 00:04:35,959 And that's not true of all military pigeons. 64 00:04:35,990 --> 00:04:41,209 I wonder if you can imagine what a kamikaze pigeon unit did. 65 00:04:41,240 --> 00:04:45,259 Fly into things? Fly into planes, engines? 66 00:04:45,290 --> 00:04:48,669 - You're getting there. It's a very complicated... - Fly down guns. 67 00:04:48,700 --> 00:04:51,129 - It's a manual... - Nest! 68 00:04:51,160 --> 00:04:52,679 A terrible nuisance to get out. 69 00:04:52,710 --> 00:04:55,489 It was to fly... It was to fly at ships, 70 00:04:55,520 --> 00:05:00,129 but in a very particular way: inside, erm, a missile. 71 00:05:00,160 --> 00:05:02,269 It's got a window, all right? 72 00:05:02,300 --> 00:05:06,539 I'll explain it to you. Here's a pigeon; I've got a pigeon here. 73 00:05:06,570 --> 00:05:11,219 Erm... Voila! And I have a ship here. 74 00:05:11,250 --> 00:05:15,409 And you train the pigeon to peck at a ship 75 00:05:15,440 --> 00:05:17,519 and every time it does it's rewarded with grain. 76 00:05:17,550 --> 00:05:21,039 Then you put it inside this missile with a glass front 77 00:05:21,070 --> 00:05:24,929 Right. And a ship comes into view... but it's slightly on the left. 78 00:05:24,960 --> 00:05:29,909 Well, the pigeon's behavioral response is to peck towards where it is. 79 00:05:29,940 --> 00:05:31,429 And this activates a relay 80 00:05:31,460 --> 00:05:34,259 and as it gets nearer the ship and it gets bigger and bigger, 81 00:05:34,290 --> 00:05:38,559 it pecks more and more and more and more, which tells them that they're on the right track. 82 00:05:38,590 --> 00:05:43,259 And they get really really close, and it explodes in a ball of flame. 83 00:05:43,290 --> 00:05:45,559 - Destroying... - And that's... And that's the thanks it gets! 84 00:05:45,590 --> 00:05:49,539 That's the thanks. It maybe gets showered with grain at the last second, 85 00:05:49,570 --> 00:05:52,519 just as a thank you. Who knows. But it's a guidance system. 86 00:05:52,550 --> 00:05:56,729 - And did it work? - It wasn't used, but... 87 00:05:56,760 --> 00:06:00,759 what they did, using this man Skinner, this behavioral psychologist's, er, experiments, 88 00:06:00,790 --> 00:06:04,159 was they... instead, they got a bit of glass, and instead of having a target on it or anything like that, 89 00:06:04,190 --> 00:06:06,343 it was just a plain piece of glass with an orange dot on it 90 00:06:06,374 --> 00:06:09,469 and every time the pigeon hit the dot exactly like that 91 00:06:09,500 --> 00:06:14,259 it would get rewarded. Can you imagine why that would be useful? 92 00:06:14,290 --> 00:06:17,469 I was thinking about this just the other day. It's funny you said that. 93 00:06:17,500 --> 00:06:21,269 A very slow form of execution for someone? You put an orange dot on them. 94 00:06:21,300 --> 00:06:23,969 Put a pigeon in the room; you come back in about twelve years... 95 00:06:24,000 --> 00:06:27,249 No, pigeons have very good eyesight, 96 00:06:27,280 --> 00:06:32,119 and if an air rescue helicopter is searching the sea, 97 00:06:32,150 --> 00:06:35,179 and someone's in a little orange dinghy, or an orange life jacket, 98 00:06:35,210 --> 00:06:37,200 the pigeon will always see it as a little dot in its screen, 99 00:06:37,210 --> 00:06:39,210 so it'll go like that thinking it's going to get fed. 100 00:06:39,300 --> 00:06:41,300 - And that will alert the pilot. - Good Lord. 101 00:06:41,301 --> 00:06:44,999 And it works. And that's beneficial and no one dies. Someone might even get saved. 102 00:06:45,030 --> 00:06:49,309 And then you eat the pigeon on the way back. 103 00:06:49,340 --> 00:06:51,959 The passenger pigeon. Is that a familiar species to any of you? 104 00:06:51,990 --> 00:06:53,589 Its one of the saddest stories. 105 00:06:53,620 --> 00:06:55,319 There were flocks of them in America, 106 00:06:55,350 --> 00:06:59,829 - and I'm not kidding, that were one mile wide and three hundred miles long. - Good Lord. 107 00:06:59,860 --> 00:07:05,029 You'd have two billion of these birds. They were just the most extraordinary sight in nature, probably. 108 00:07:05,060 --> 00:07:08,919 - So they're shitting whole hills. - Yes, absolutely. Can you imagine? 109 00:07:08,950 --> 00:07:12,280 Get caught under that and you are dead. 110 00:07:12,300 --> 00:07:14,829 And you are seriously dead! 111 00:07:14,860 --> 00:07:20,899 In 1896 they killed the final flock of a quarter of a million in one day. 112 00:07:20,900 --> 00:07:23,130 - Knowing it was the last flock. - Who are... ? 113 00:07:23,131 --> 00:07:26,459 American sportsmen, and I use the word "sport" quite wrongly. 114 00:07:26,490 --> 00:07:29,129 - Did you know about the Puccini gun? The composer Puccini... - Yes. 115 00:07:29,160 --> 00:07:32,289 was a great shooter of birds, as a lot of Italians are. 116 00:07:32,320 --> 00:07:35,349 When I was in his house at Torre del Lago, 117 00:07:35,380 --> 00:07:38,719 there was the Puccini gun, which he made himself, 118 00:07:38,750 --> 00:07:40,829 and he'd be sitting there writing, you know, lovely opera, lovely opera 119 00:07:40,860 --> 00:07:45,809 and he'd hear a snipe outside the window; he'd grab this thing, which had a bore on it like a drain pipe, 120 00:07:45,840 --> 00:07:49,729 and he could bring down fifty snipe in one go. 121 00:07:49,760 --> 00:07:53,599 Oh, you see? Is that sport? He's Italian. Italians, Americans... I mean, really. 122 00:07:53,630 --> 00:07:55,219 It's horrible. But can you imagine that? 123 00:07:55,250 --> 00:07:58,299 And then on one day; knowing you're wiping out an entire species 124 00:07:58,330 --> 00:08:00,839 to kill a quarter of a million birds in a day. 125 00:08:00,870 --> 00:08:03,200 - Did... Did they know it was the last quarter of a million? - Yes. They knew. 126 00:08:03,201 --> 00:08:05,909 And they sort of thought. "Fantastic, let's finish them off." 127 00:08:05,940 --> 00:08:08,145 Yeah. That was the last flock and then the last bird itself 128 00:08:08,176 --> 00:08:10,909 died in Cincinnati Zoo in 1914. 129 00:08:10,940 --> 00:08:14,119 - She was called Martha. - So the pigeons in Trafalgar Square: 130 00:08:14,150 --> 00:08:16,329 they're wild rock pigeons? 131 00:08:16,360 --> 00:08:18,699 - Wild rock doves. - Wild rock doves. - Yeah. 132 00:08:18,730 --> 00:08:21,329 Do they know that? 133 00:08:21,360 --> 00:08:25,059 'Cause they... You don't tend to see them on the cliffs at Beachy Head. 134 00:08:25,090 --> 00:08:28,599 They're confused by our rock cliffs, aren't they? That's the problem. 135 00:08:28,630 --> 00:08:31,619 Pablo Picasso was a keen pigeon fancier. 136 00:08:31,650 --> 00:08:33,596 His father was a painter of pigeons. It was a style... 137 00:08:33,627 --> 00:08:37,639 - Yes. Exactly. - in late 19th century Malaga. 138 00:08:37,670 --> 00:08:40,939 Instead of like flower genre painting in France, or whatever, 139 00:08:40,970 --> 00:08:44,039 his father was a "pigeoniana", or whatever it was called. 140 00:08:44,070 --> 00:08:47,789 And when he discovered how good his son was, he gave him his brushes and never painted again. 141 00:08:47,820 --> 00:08:50,099 - Fantail pigeons, he collected himself. - Yes. 142 00:08:50,130 --> 00:08:52,189 And of course he called his daughter... ? 143 00:08:52,220 --> 00:08:55,509 - Paloma. - Which is Spanish for a "dove" or "pigeon". - Indeed. 144 00:08:55,540 --> 00:08:58,109 - Una paloma blanca, I remember. - Yes. 145 00:08:58,140 --> 00:09:02,080 There we are, so, B F Skinner was the name of the man 146 00:09:02,111 --> 00:09:06,269 who designed these missiles aimed by pigeons who were tapping in the nose. 147 00:09:06,300 --> 00:09:09,969 And it was, er, tested successfully, but never actually saw action. 148 00:09:10,000 --> 00:09:12,619 Arthur Garfield Dove. 149 00:09:12,650 --> 00:09:14,009 She was a painter, 150 00:09:14,040 --> 00:09:17,429 regarded by many as the first abstract painter in America. 151 00:09:17,460 --> 00:09:21,899 Was a friend and associate of the subject of our next question, which is: 152 00:09:21,930 --> 00:09:26,049 which is: What practical use can you think of for the work of art 153 00:09:26,080 --> 00:09:28,369 which the Turner Prize Committee voted 154 00:09:28,400 --> 00:09:32,829 as the most influential modern work ever? 155 00:09:32,860 --> 00:09:34,399 You'd sleep in it. 156 00:09:34,430 --> 00:09:37,829 - You'd sleep in it. - Was it Marcel Duchamp's urinal, 157 00:09:37,860 --> 00:09:41,439 - which has the obvious usage of being a urinal. - Pissing in it, basically. 158 00:09:41,470 --> 00:09:47,249 - Yeah, pissing in it, yes. - is the right answer, yes. 159 00:09:47,280 --> 00:09:49,989 There it is. 160 00:09:50,020 --> 00:09:53,479 It's a 1917 work entitled Fountain. 161 00:09:53,510 --> 00:09:55,949 It's worth three point six million dollars. 162 00:09:55,980 --> 00:09:57,709 It's signed R Mutt. 163 00:09:57,740 --> 00:10:01,899 R is for Richard, which is a kind of French slang that, as well as being a name, 164 00:10:01,930 --> 00:10:03,089 means "money-bags". 165 00:10:03,120 --> 00:10:05,549 - But it's upside down. - Is it? 166 00:10:05,580 --> 00:10:08,529 Can I also point out, it's not plumbed in to anything. 167 00:10:08,560 --> 00:10:12,419 So personally I wouldn't piss in it. 168 00:10:12,450 --> 00:10:15,409 Many artists have pissed in it, when it's been on display, as a... 169 00:10:15,440 --> 00:10:18,629 either a statement of hatred for it or as support of it. 170 00:10:18,660 --> 00:10:22,789 - And one was fined six thousand, five hundred dollars. - Someone's paid three million dollars for that? 171 00:10:22,820 --> 00:10:26,019 Three... It's worth... It's reckoned to be worth three and a half million, the Stieglitz's gallery. 172 00:10:26,050 --> 00:10:29,209 As... As works of art go, it's going to be... do less damage pissing in that than 173 00:10:29,240 --> 00:10:32,189 - say pissing on the Mona Lisa, though. - Exactly. Yeah. 174 00:10:32,220 --> 00:10:36,429 - But Marcel Duchamp famously did a Mona Lisa with a moustache and goatee. - Yes, he did. 175 00:10:36,460 --> 00:10:41,059 - Dove and Duchamp were both members of the Dada movement, as we're on D's - Yeah. Mm. 176 00:10:41,090 --> 00:10:43,309 Talking of repetitious "D" words, 177 00:10:43,340 --> 00:10:46,169 what did the dik-dik do that the dodo didn't? 178 00:10:46,200 --> 00:10:48,579 - It flew. - It flew? 179 00:10:48,610 --> 00:10:51,789 - No, it didn't. - No. - It tasted disgusting. 180 00:10:51,820 --> 00:10:53,230 - Oddly enough, the opposite is, probably. - Oh, right. 181 00:10:53,261 --> 00:10:54,909 Do you know what a dik-dik is? That would help. 182 00:10:54,940 --> 00:10:57,579 - Yes, it's a little gazelle-y kind of thingie. - Absolutely.. 183 00:10:57,610 --> 00:10:59,989 - Can it... Can it climb trees? - No. 184 00:11:00,020 --> 00:11:02,089 - It's a tiny antelope. I mean, - It can hide in bushes. 185 00:11:02,120 --> 00:11:03,899 It's about the size of a hare. 186 00:11:03,930 --> 00:11:05,969 - Is it extinct? - No, it's not extinct. 187 00:11:06,000 --> 00:11:08,269 - 'Cause I... I notice that's a photo. - Yes, exactly. 188 00:11:08,300 --> 00:11:11,139 Using my skills as a historian! 189 00:11:11,170 --> 00:11:13,049 Sharp work! Yes. 190 00:11:13,080 --> 00:11:16,699 And that means it could survive, and it survived because it could hide. 191 00:11:16,730 --> 00:11:19,529 It didn't really run so much, but they hide, and they live at night 192 00:11:19,560 --> 00:11:21,919 and they're very, very shy. 193 00:11:21,950 --> 00:11:25,359 - And dodos, unfortunately... - Dodo's are like that: "OLE!" 194 00:11:25,390 --> 00:11:28,269 - Yes, exactly. - "Come on in! Get off the boat, bring your guns." 195 00:11:28,300 --> 00:11:30,679 - Exactly right. - They made a very distinctive... 196 00:11:30,710 --> 00:11:33,710 "I'll help you carry that." 197 00:11:35,940 --> 00:11:37,049 It's true. 198 00:11:37,080 --> 00:11:38,849 Mauritius is where they came from. 199 00:11:38,880 --> 00:11:42,809 And the rats, pigs, dogs, and humans that arrived in the 17th century... 200 00:11:42,840 --> 00:11:45,309 as you say, it just was not afraid of them, 201 00:11:45,340 --> 00:11:48,419 because there were no ground level predators on the entire island, 202 00:11:48,450 --> 00:11:49,999 so it had no reason to be distrustful. 203 00:11:50,030 --> 00:11:54,570 Whereas dik-diks in Africa, of course, had lions and things to contend with and were very, very shy, so... 204 00:11:54,600 --> 00:11:56,429 So essentially it sounds quite brave. 205 00:11:56,460 --> 00:11:58,849 - It was brave! Maybe the dodo - It's the bravest animal 206 00:11:58,880 --> 00:12:01,889 and the dik-diks are a bloody cowards 207 00:12:01,920 --> 00:12:06,369 and they're still hanging around, you know, posing for photos. 208 00:12:06,400 --> 00:12:09,069 Do you know what sort of animal it is? What it's related to? 209 00:12:09,100 --> 00:12:11,269 - A turkey? - It's a pigeon, actually. 210 00:12:11,300 --> 00:12:12,684 - It's a pigeon, is it? - It doesn't look like one, but it is a pigeon. 211 00:12:12,715 --> 00:12:14,119 I should have known it was a dove. 212 00:12:14,150 --> 00:12:19,169 And it was entirely forgotten until 1860s, roughly. 213 00:12:19,200 --> 00:12:22,849 And suddenly everybody was talking about dodos again, because they appeared in a book, a very famous book. 214 00:12:22,880 --> 00:12:28,629 - Oh! Is it... It's Alice In Wonderland. - Alice In Wonderland. Give yourself some points for that, absolutely. 215 00:12:28,660 --> 00:12:33,819 - And it's around that time that "dead as a dodo" seemed to become a popular phrase. - Yeah. 216 00:12:33,850 --> 00:12:37,400 From dik-diks to Moby Dick, who is a sperm whale, of course. 217 00:12:37,401 --> 00:12:42,169 A sperm whale's penis, as, er, I think we may have covered even in the first series 218 00:12:42,200 --> 00:12:44,049 - Is vast. - is nine foot long 219 00:12:44,080 --> 00:12:46,559 and one foot in diameter. 220 00:12:46,590 --> 00:12:49,619 What uses can you think of... 221 00:12:49,650 --> 00:12:52,469 - for Moby's dick? - I'm... I'm sorry. 222 00:12:52,500 --> 00:12:59,799 - Way ahead of you! - You've been thinking about this. - I... I... No, I... 223 00:12:59,830 --> 00:13:02,669 - Shinning up it! - Shinning up it. 224 00:13:02,700 --> 00:13:08,659 - I remember reading somewhere that when, erm, Maria Callas first went aboard Onassis's yacht. - Yes. 225 00:13:08,690 --> 00:13:12,989 - I thought you were going to say "Onassis's cock"! - It's a bar stool. Onassis's cock, yeah. 226 00:13:13,020 --> 00:13:17,059 And apparently the bar stools on the... his yacht, the Christina... 227 00:13:17,090 --> 00:13:22,319 - Were made out of sperm whale's knob. - The seats were made out of sperm whale's prepuces, or foreskins. 228 00:13:22,350 --> 00:13:27,609 - Did they kill a whale for each one? Or did they just swim under and circumcise them? - No, he... he made a point of saying it to people. 229 00:13:27,640 --> 00:13:31,149 Well, there's a full description in the novel Moby Dick by Herman Melville. 230 00:13:31,180 --> 00:13:34,065 - Oh they turn it into millions of things. - No. Oddly enough, one thing. 231 00:13:34,096 --> 00:13:39,299 It's quite an interesting description. A sailor called the mincer... 232 00:13:39,330 --> 00:13:44,129 He comes along and he takes... He takes it ... 233 00:13:44,160 --> 00:13:47,329 "I found this!" 234 00:13:47,360 --> 00:13:52,599 They dragged it behind the boat and they all sat astride it. 235 00:13:52,630 --> 00:13:59,439 Taking it in turns, it was ten euros. 236 00:13:59,470 --> 00:14:02,839 Well, apparently, erm, he "staggers off with it 237 00:14:02,870 --> 00:14:07,349 as if he were a grenadier carrying a dead comrade from the field." 238 00:14:07,380 --> 00:14:09,929 Then he extends it "upon the forecastle deck" 239 00:14:09,960 --> 00:14:13,169 and he "proceeds cylindrically to remove the dark pelt." 240 00:14:13,200 --> 00:14:17,539 The outer skin of it, the slidy bit that goes up and down, I guess. 241 00:14:17,570 --> 00:14:19,170 This done, he turns it inside out, 242 00:14:19,211 --> 00:14:24,280 he "gives it a good stretching, so as to almost double the diameter," 243 00:14:24,310 --> 00:14:26,294 so it's now two foot wide, but still nine foot tall. 244 00:14:26,325 --> 00:14:29,399 So it wasn't big enough. 245 00:14:29,430 --> 00:14:33,559 Right, exactly. And then "he hangs it, well spread, in the rigging, to dry." Right. 246 00:14:33,590 --> 00:14:35,969 "Ere long it is taken down;" erm, 247 00:14:36,000 --> 00:14:40,095 "when removing some three foot of it," so it's now about six foot by two foot wide. 248 00:14:40,126 --> 00:14:42,874 - Waistcoat. - He cuts a couple of arm holes 249 00:14:42,905 --> 00:14:46,849 and makes an apron. 250 00:14:46,880 --> 00:14:49,229 There you are. Erm, and there's your mincer. 251 00:14:49,260 --> 00:14:52,199 "He now stands before you investedvin the full canonicals." 252 00:14:52,230 --> 00:14:53,482 "Do you like my apron?" "Yes, I quite like your apron? 253 00:14:53,513 --> 00:14:57,279 How do you get it?" "Well, it's easiest thing in the world. 254 00:14:57,310 --> 00:15:00,359 What I did is I cut a sperm whale's cock off, 255 00:15:00,390 --> 00:15:04,299 dragged it onto a ship, skinned it, hung it inside out, 256 00:15:04,330 --> 00:15:07,579 hung it up at the top of the rigging for ages" 257 00:15:07,610 --> 00:15:09,484 I don't believe that "ere long"; 258 00:15:09,515 --> 00:15:11,649 I mean, it's not going to dry out if the weather's bad. 259 00:15:11,680 --> 00:15:15,649 "And then you've got yourself an apron." Surely there are easier ways of making an apron! 260 00:15:15,680 --> 00:15:17,709 Not in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, there aren't. 261 00:15:17,740 --> 00:15:24,220 Well, you should bring them with you! I mean if he got a TV out of it, that would be great! 262 00:15:24,250 --> 00:15:26,529 I could understand the effort. 263 00:15:26,560 --> 00:15:28,569 Does it have a bone in it? 264 00:15:28,600 --> 00:15:29,949 Like a badger? 265 00:15:29,980 --> 00:15:35,039 - Yeah, a badger has a bone in it. - A badger has a bone in its... in its cock, yes. 266 00:15:35,070 --> 00:15:38,339 That's not suitable for apron-making then. 267 00:15:38,370 --> 00:15:41,619 - That's not... It's a bigger job, isn't it? - You could make... You could make an apron for a... 268 00:15:41,650 --> 00:15:44,369 - A squirrel. - ... for a wasp. 269 00:15:44,400 --> 00:15:46,539 A squirrel, maybe. 270 00:15:46,570 --> 00:15:54,549 So much for Moby Dick. Er, who rode from London to York in fifteen hours? 271 00:15:54,580 --> 00:15:58,619 - It was Dick Turpin? - Oh, no, it wasn't. - No, no, no. 272 00:15:58,650 --> 00:16:01,659 No, you fell into our little heffalump trap again. 273 00:16:01,690 --> 00:16:05,899 No, it was a man called "Swift Nick" Nevinson. 274 00:16:05,930 --> 00:16:09,169 "Swift Nick" Nevinson was a rather splendid highwayman, 275 00:16:09,200 --> 00:16:12,249 and he never hurt people; he was charming and he was very popular. 276 00:16:12,280 --> 00:16:14,129 He held some people up in Gad's Hill in Kent, 277 00:16:14,160 --> 00:16:17,379 and then rode like fury two hundred miles to York, 278 00:16:17,410 --> 00:16:20,509 where he went into a bowling match with the Mayor of York, 279 00:16:20,540 --> 00:16:22,049 and he bet him on the outcome of the match. 280 00:16:22,080 --> 00:16:24,989 So that when two days later the police came to arrest him, 281 00:16:25,020 --> 00:16:26,719 he could use the Mayor as an alibi. 282 00:16:26,750 --> 00:16:30,069 And the Mayor said, "No, he was... he was playing bowls with me." 283 00:16:30,100 --> 00:16:32,515 Because no one could imagine that you could get from Kent to York 284 00:16:32,546 --> 00:16:34,119 in fifteen hours. 285 00:16:34,150 --> 00:16:36,179 And the latest news here from my little screen is: 286 00:16:36,210 --> 00:16:39,409 "Sperm whales do have bones in their penises." 287 00:16:39,440 --> 00:16:42,319 I get very odd text messages sometimes. 288 00:16:43,350 --> 00:16:44,999 If you wanted to know. 289 00:16:45,030 --> 00:16:48,049 But "Swift Nick" was given his name by Charles II himself. 290 00:16:48,080 --> 00:16:51,109 But why did Dick Turpin get the name for being the one who rode to York? 291 00:16:51,140 --> 00:16:53,085 He did ride to York, but he took a long time over it. 292 00:16:53,116 --> 00:16:54,620 - On Black Bess. - It was on Black Bess. 293 00:16:54,651 --> 00:16:56,259 From Epping Forest, where he lived for a bit. 294 00:16:56,290 --> 00:16:58,260 He did live in Epping Forest. You're getting points! 295 00:16:58,291 --> 00:17:03,669 And there was a night club called Turpins; it was closed down 'cause someone got glassed. 296 00:17:03,700 --> 00:17:06,450 So, but... Unfortunately, unlike Nevinson, he would torture old women 297 00:17:06,481 --> 00:17:09,079 - and little girls for money. - He was no Robin Hood. 298 00:17:09,110 --> 00:17:11,109 They'd try to dress him up like that in Epping Forest. 299 00:17:11,140 --> 00:17:13,899 - Yeah. But it was a man called Harrison Ainsworth, the novelist, - Yes. Rookwood. 300 00:17:13,900 --> 00:17:15,869 who in 1834, wrote Rookwood. Exactly. 301 00:17:15,900 --> 00:17:18,369 - And you get a point for muttering Rookwood under your breath there. - Sorry. 302 00:17:18,400 --> 00:17:22,919 The first time you've muttered under your breath and it's actually meant something. Still, there we are. 303 00:17:22,950 --> 00:17:26,199 And he, for some reason, attributed all Nevinson's deeds to Dick Turpin. 304 00:17:26,230 --> 00:17:31,800 How did Nevinson, if we know that he never hurt anyone in any of his robberies... 305 00:17:31,830 --> 00:17:33,729 How did he get on as a highwayman? 306 00:17:33,760 --> 00:17:37,049 Because surely... Did he have to pretend he wasn't Nevinson? 307 00:17:37,080 --> 00:17:40,159 - That's true. - "No, actually, I'm Dick Turpin; I'm a real shit." 308 00:17:40,190 --> 00:17:43,099 But they said, "No, you're not, you're that Nevinson; you're not going to do anything." 309 00:17:43,130 --> 00:17:47,139 "Oh, no, I know, but please, just give me the stuff anyway." 310 00:17:47,170 --> 00:17:49,489 - Do you know how Turpin got arrested? What actually happened? - No. 311 00:17:49,520 --> 00:17:52,609 - It was a very bizarre story, really. - Tax fraud, wasn't it? 312 00:17:52,640 --> 00:17:55,099 It wasn't tax fraud. No, he went to live in York 313 00:17:55,130 --> 00:17:56,500 and changed his name to John Palmer, 314 00:17:56,531 --> 00:17:58,659 and he did a bit of cattle rustling. 315 00:17:58,690 --> 00:18:01,979 But he did get arraigned for shooting his... his landlord's cock 316 00:18:02,010 --> 00:18:04,729 after a jolly day out hunting. And the authorities didn't know who he really was, 317 00:18:04,760 --> 00:18:07,619 so he wrote to his brother-in-law for a character reference. 318 00:18:07,650 --> 00:18:11,979 Er, but his brother-in-law turned the letter away because he saw "From: John Palmer", 319 00:18:12,010 --> 00:18:15,469 and in those days you had to pay sixpence to receive the letter. 320 00:18:15,500 --> 00:18:18,069 And he said, "I don't know this person, so I'm not going to pay for it." 321 00:18:18,100 --> 00:18:20,919 And it went back to the post master, 322 00:18:20,950 --> 00:18:24,089 who happened to be the person who taught Dick Turpin to read and write. 323 00:18:24,120 --> 00:18:27,829 And he recognised Dick Turpin's hand writing and grassed him up. 324 00:18:27,860 --> 00:18:31,009 "Stitched him up like a kipper!" 325 00:18:31,040 --> 00:18:33,589 I do all the characters. 326 00:18:33,620 --> 00:18:36,749 And then... And then, to make matters worse, the hangman was an ex-partner of his, 327 00:18:36,780 --> 00:18:39,340 who in exchange for a pardon, had agreed to become a hangman. 328 00:18:39,371 --> 00:18:42,800 It's like there were only twelve people in England at that time. 329 00:18:44,280 --> 00:18:47,529 - Tim Spall's new film has just come out by Albert Pierrepoint. - Pierrepoint, yes. 330 00:18:47,560 --> 00:18:52,139 He opened a pub called, erm, The Struggling Man, 331 00:18:52,170 --> 00:18:55,059 and he got it down to seven seconds, apparently, Pierrepoint, 332 00:18:55,090 --> 00:18:59,119 from leaving the cell to the prisoner being dead. Seven seconds. 333 00:18:59,150 --> 00:19:01,759 Did he put them on roller skates? 334 00:19:02,790 --> 00:19:06,519 One of those rope slides. 335 00:19:07,550 --> 00:19:11,999 "Put this 'round your neck, would you?" 336 00:19:18,030 --> 00:19:21,680 Do you know, if you're an American black youth living in Compton, Watts, 337 00:19:21,711 --> 00:19:25,789 various other of those sort of neighbourhoods and ghettos in the worst parts of America, 338 00:19:25,820 --> 00:19:28,469 and you shoot someone, in cold blood, 339 00:19:28,500 --> 00:19:31,319 and are given the death penalty as a result of it, 340 00:19:31,350 --> 00:19:33,609 you will have a longer life than if you don't. 341 00:19:33,640 --> 00:19:35,300 Because the life expectancy is so low. 342 00:19:35,301 --> 00:19:37,879 - The life expectancy on the streets is lower than on Death Row. - Yes. 343 00:19:37,910 --> 00:19:43,489 But does that mean that they go out to shoot people to prolong their lives? 344 00:19:43,520 --> 00:19:46,879 A friend of mine's a cameraman, and he was doing a documentary in Los Angeles, 345 00:19:46,910 --> 00:19:49,379 and he became friends with a policeman whom he'd been interviewing, 346 00:19:49,410 --> 00:19:50,909 and he said, "Well, come up in my helicopter," 347 00:19:50,940 --> 00:19:52,569 because he needed aerial shots of LA, 348 00:19:52,600 --> 00:19:55,049 and it's very expensive to hire a helicopter for the day. 349 00:19:55,080 --> 00:19:57,589 So he went up in this helicopter going over LA. 350 00:19:57,620 --> 00:20:02,089 And, er, he said, "You've got a weird, erm... Is it your GPS system, the thing that goes 'ping' all the time?" 351 00:20:02,120 --> 00:20:05,589 He says, "No, that's bullets hitting the bottom of the, er, helicopter." 352 00:20:05,620 --> 00:20:07,499 They have to have reinforced metal underneath it. 353 00:20:07,530 --> 00:20:10,429 They see a police helicopter: they just shoot it all the time. 354 00:20:10,460 --> 00:20:13,760 It's because there are no more passenger pigeons, that's what it is! 355 00:20:13,780 --> 00:20:18,060 Yeah. It was just going, "Ping! Ping! Ping-ping-ping-ping!" all the time. 356 00:20:18,100 --> 00:20:22,739 So, this puts us firmly in the saddle of General Ignorance. Fingers on triggers, please. 357 00:20:22,770 --> 00:20:26,069 What crime was committed by Burke and Hare? 358 00:20:26,100 --> 00:20:31,169 - David Mitchell. - They, er... Body-snatching. - Not again. 359 00:20:31,200 --> 00:20:32,819 Thank you for falling into our trap. 360 00:20:32,850 --> 00:20:35,649 No. There was a more serious capital crime that they committed 361 00:20:35,680 --> 00:20:37,249 - and that was simply murder. - Murder, oh. 362 00:20:37,280 --> 00:20:40,229 They actually cut out the bit where you actually wait for someone to die, 363 00:20:40,260 --> 00:20:42,629 snatch their body, give it to a doctor 364 00:20:42,660 --> 00:20:45,049 They actually killed sixteen people, 365 00:20:45,080 --> 00:20:47,835 and took the bodies to a doctor called Knox, who didn't ask questions, 366 00:20:47,866 --> 00:20:50,239 for his dissection. 367 00:20:50,270 --> 00:20:52,209 Because body snatching was quite popular, wasn't it? 368 00:20:52,240 --> 00:20:53,870 Oh, yes. They called them the "resurrection men". 369 00:20:53,901 --> 00:20:58,539 - Part of the black economy in those days. It was just... - Yeah. There was a lot of dissection going on. 370 00:20:58,570 --> 00:21:00,509 In fact, now they don't do it. Computers and things.... 371 00:21:00,540 --> 00:21:03,189 Medical students don't really get the chance to cut open a body 372 00:21:03,220 --> 00:21:05,979 - Really? - There was an awful story 373 00:21:06,010 --> 00:21:11,489 of the medical students and they used to remove the penis from a body, 374 00:21:11,520 --> 00:21:13,289 and they went to a party 375 00:21:13,320 --> 00:21:15,779 and this chap attached it to his trousers, like... 376 00:21:15,810 --> 00:21:19,409 and a woman came up to him and said, "What are you doing? Your penis is hanging out of your trousers." 377 00:21:19,440 --> 00:21:23,829 And he said, "Oh, is it?" and he cut it off. And... 378 00:21:23,860 --> 00:21:26,869 And she collapsed. She fainted. 379 00:21:27,900 --> 00:21:30,679 Barry Humphries, when he was a drinker, used to do this thing: 380 00:21:30,710 --> 00:21:34,579 He used to have a spoon and a little jar of Heinz Sandwich Spread in his jacket 381 00:21:34,610 --> 00:21:37,220 and on a flight he would start going very queasy 382 00:21:37,251 --> 00:21:40,519 and he'd ask for a sick bag. 383 00:21:40,550 --> 00:21:42,559 And like that into the bag. Like that. 384 00:21:42,590 --> 00:21:46,429 And then he'd secretly fill it with sandwich spread. 385 00:21:46,460 --> 00:21:51,039 And then he'd take his spoon out and he'd just... 386 00:21:51,070 --> 00:21:55,779 - Very odd. - That is simply showing off. 387 00:21:55,810 --> 00:21:57,999 Erm, that's enough Burke and Hare. Another question. 388 00:21:58,030 --> 00:22:03,369 What sort of hair does an underground fluffer deal with? 389 00:22:08,800 --> 00:22:13,459 - Andy. - Is it anything to do with the tube? Is it "underground" as in - is the right answer. 390 00:22:13,490 --> 00:22:16,969 You avoided our trap. Nothing to do with films and pornography or anything of that kind. 391 00:22:17,000 --> 00:22:21,119 - Is it to do with cleaning the rails? - Yes. - Cleaning the rails. 392 00:22:21,150 --> 00:22:24,639 Gangs of six every night go down and gather up the hair. 393 00:22:24,670 --> 00:22:28,119 Thirty mile an hour winds come when a train enters the station 394 00:22:28,150 --> 00:22:31,150 - and a lot of hair gets blown down into the tunnels. - Really? 395 00:22:31,180 --> 00:22:35,369 Yeah, that's how I lost mine actually. 396 00:22:35,400 --> 00:22:39,639 Most of it is Tottenham Court Road. 397 00:22:39,670 --> 00:22:41,670 And it's statically attracted to the rail, is it? 398 00:22:41,670 --> 00:22:44,629 - Well, it's... And it's a prime cause of fire. That's the problem. - I don't understand why you can't have... 399 00:22:44,660 --> 00:22:49,959 You know, like you used to have a... a cleaning tape for your cassette deck... 400 00:22:49,990 --> 00:22:56,399 That just runs along behind. Why they can't have a cleaning tube? You just send a big furry train down. 401 00:22:56,430 --> 00:22:59,549 Well, that's the fluffers. What's happened to fluffers in the porn industry? 402 00:22:59,580 --> 00:23:03,159 - They're no longer used. - Yes, and why would that be? 403 00:23:03,190 --> 00:23:06,829 I wish... David, why is that? 404 00:23:06,860 --> 00:23:11,559 - The porn industry. I feel it's your question. - It's a VAT issue. And... 405 00:23:11,590 --> 00:23:13,889 And Health and Safety, as well, I think. 406 00:23:13,920 --> 00:23:15,769 It's something else beginning with "V". 407 00:23:15,800 --> 00:23:18,209 Viagra.It's done them out of business. 408 00:23:18,240 --> 00:23:21,160 The fluffer, for those who don't know, was the person in a porn film 409 00:23:21,191 --> 00:23:26,849 whose job it was to excite the membrum virile of the male artistes. 410 00:23:26,880 --> 00:23:31,719 - And then turn it into an apron. - That's it. Absolutely. 411 00:23:31,750 --> 00:23:33,390 Yes, fluffers clean the tracks, they save lives, 412 00:23:33,421 --> 00:23:37,839 and they stop trains running late. It's a really tough and under-appreciated job, 413 00:23:37,870 --> 00:23:44,099 and I think they deserve a round of applause from us. Hurray! 414 00:23:46,130 --> 00:23:54,359 Now, whose official motto is E Pluribus Unum? 415 00:23:54,390 --> 00:23:56,799 It's not the Four Musketeers or something like that? 416 00:23:56,810 --> 00:23:59,909 No. It's on the great seal of the United States of America. 417 00:23:59,940 --> 00:24:02,789 E Pluribus Unum. It means "out of many, one." 418 00:24:02,820 --> 00:24:06,659 But it's actually the motto of Benfica. 419 00:24:06,690 --> 00:24:08,355 Sport Lisboa e Benfica. 420 00:24:08,386 --> 00:24:11,829 We thought you'd say United States of America because we thought it was quite well known. 421 00:24:11,860 --> 00:24:14,829 Little bit too far ahead of me now. 422 00:24:14,860 --> 00:24:16,870 - I know where Benfica is. - Yes? Where is it? 423 00:24:16,901 --> 00:24:19,169 - It's in Lisbon. - It is in Lisbon, absolutely right. 424 00:24:19,200 --> 00:24:22,300 Eusebio was their star player. There's a statue of him outside the ground. 425 00:24:22,301 --> 00:24:25,009 - I remember him. - He was from Mozambique. 426 00:24:25,040 --> 00:24:27,579 America's is "In God We Trust" actually. 427 00:24:27,610 --> 00:24:30,339 It used to be "E Pluribus Unum". They changed it in 1956 428 00:24:30,370 --> 00:24:32,154 to "In God We Trust". 429 00:24:32,185 --> 00:24:35,159 - And that's when it all started to go... - I'm afraid so. 430 00:24:35,190 --> 00:24:37,256 But you obviously don't watch "Who Wants to be a Celebrity Millionaire", 431 00:24:37,287 --> 00:24:38,655 or "Celebrity Who Wants to be a Millionaire", 432 00:24:38,686 --> 00:24:42,079 - or "Who Celebrity be Wants a Celebrity"... - Takes too long to answer the question. 433 00:24:42,110 --> 00:24:45,619 You've got to have it on Sky Plus and then you can fast forward. 434 00:24:45,650 --> 00:24:47,935 Yeah. I mean he stops to talk to them... Who cares? 435 00:24:47,966 --> 00:24:50,949 Shut up! Just ask a poxy question. 436 00:24:50,980 --> 00:24:53,869 - Yes. Get on with it! - It's "B"! It's "B"! It's obviously "B"! 437 00:24:53,900 --> 00:24:55,694 Anyway, 438 00:24:55,725 --> 00:24:59,759 - Lawrence Llewelyn-Bowen, er... - Got half a million quid. 439 00:24:59,790 --> 00:25:03,499 Erm, yes, but, he was.. He went to the million, and he was asked the question of 440 00:25:03,530 --> 00:25:06,839 "What motto of the United States is translated from the Latin?" 441 00:25:06,870 --> 00:25:10,255 and he gave the answer, "In God We Trust," which is the motto of the United States, 442 00:25:10,286 --> 00:25:12,049 but it isn't translated from Latin. 443 00:25:12,080 --> 00:25:16,029 - And he lost four hundred and sixty eight thousand pounds and went back to thirty two thousand. - Good Lord. 444 00:25:16,060 --> 00:25:18,100 And then they thought they'd make a bit of a bish in, because it's... 445 00:25:18,131 --> 00:25:22,689 The motto of the United States is not "E Pluribus Unum", which is what they had given as one of the other answers. 446 00:25:22,720 --> 00:25:24,649 So he was invited back the next week, apparently. 447 00:25:24,680 --> 00:25:26,879 They gave him the money back; they gave him the half million. 448 00:25:26,910 --> 00:25:33,219 Yes. Exactly. The phrase E Pluribus Unum actually comes from a recipe for salad dressing, in ... inn 449 00:25:33,250 --> 00:25:34,999 - For thousand island? - Attributed to Virgil. 450 00:25:35,030 --> 00:25:38,549 No, "color est e pluribus unus," and so on, it goes on like that. 451 00:25:38,580 --> 00:25:40,929 That's where they first found the phrase. 452 00:25:40,960 --> 00:25:46,829 Erm, so, for... Oh! That was actually going to be the bonus question and I've fucked it up completely. 453 00:25:46,860 --> 00:25:49,899 Erm... Never mind. 454 00:25:51,930 --> 00:25:55,159 Someone's weeing on the salad, which is a bit... 455 00:25:55,190 --> 00:25:59,180 - So they are. How bizarre. - Maybe it's - Salvador Dali. 456 00:25:59,200 --> 00:26:00,919 I believe they call it "drizzling' in the trade, don't they? 457 00:26:00,950 --> 00:26:04,199 Yeah, maybe it's a work of art. 458 00:26:04,230 --> 00:26:06,039 Yes. Oh, they've asked me to ask the question again. All right. 459 00:26:06,070 --> 00:26:09,869 So, for fifty bonus points... 460 00:26:09,900 --> 00:26:13,069 That's so sweet. 461 00:26:13,100 --> 00:26:15,529 For fifty bonus points, erm, er,... 462 00:26:15,560 --> 00:26:18,899 which completely... could completely turn the game round after all, 463 00:26:18,930 --> 00:26:28,949 at this late stage, er, what was "E pluribus unum" originally? 464 00:26:28,980 --> 00:26:32,939 - What was it, Alan? - I think it comes from a ... 465 00:26:32,970 --> 00:26:35,829 a salad dressing? Or something in the salad... 466 00:26:35,860 --> 00:26:42,649 It's a recipe. Something from a recipe with salad in it 467 00:26:42,680 --> 00:26:46,279 Oh, dear, oh, dear, oh, dear. 468 00:26:46,310 --> 00:26:49,549 There we are. So sweet. 469 00:26:49,580 --> 00:26:53,189 - Brilliant. You're absolutely... I don't know how you knew that. - I don't know. 470 00:26:53,220 --> 00:26:54,480 I think we've confused the viewer at home. 471 00:26:54,511 --> 00:27:00,009 It's one of those things you know, but you don't know how you know it. 472 00:27:00,040 --> 00:27:03,299 There's a lot of space in my head for those things. 473 00:27:03,330 --> 00:27:07,279 - Well, you're absolutely right. I'm very impressed. - Thank you very much. - It was an early kind of Latin salsa verde 474 00:27:07,310 --> 00:27:11,489 or pesto. Which brings us to the delicious matter of the scores! 475 00:27:11,520 --> 00:27:14,099 Out of the many we have one winner, 476 00:27:14,130 --> 00:27:19,359 In last place, just, with minus nine, is David Mitchell. 477 00:27:19,390 --> 00:27:24,259 Well played. 478 00:27:24,290 --> 00:27:30,839 And, in third place, with minus eight, Andy Hamilton. 479 00:27:30,870 --> 00:27:38,339 In second place, with minus four, is John Sessions. 480 00:27:38,370 --> 00:27:48,099 Do my eyes deceive me, ladies and gentlemen? In first place, with fifty-four points, is Alan Davies! 481 00:27:53,130 --> 00:27:57,039 The amazing thing is, you would have won even without that bonus. 482 00:27:57,070 --> 00:28:00,229 It's one of the happiest days of my life. 483 00:28:00,260 --> 00:28:02,829 Oh. Well, it's a happy day whenever you're here. 484 00:28:02,860 --> 00:28:07,279 And my thanks go to our other happy, happy happies, Andy, David, John, and Alan. 485 00:28:07,310 --> 00:28:10,735 And I leave you now to mull on the complex moral implications 486 00:28:10,766 --> 00:28:12,830 of the tragic tale of four carrier pigeons 487 00:28:12,861 --> 00:28:15,999 that landed in a Canadian army trench during the First World War. 488 00:28:16,030 --> 00:28:21,949 The Canadians ate three of them and used the fourth to send a thank you letter. 489 00:28:21,980 --> 00:28:23,914 Good night.