1 00:00:23,400 --> 00:00:24,760 CHEERING AND APPLAUSE 2 00:00:32,520 --> 00:00:36,320 Goodbye...and thanks. 3 00:00:37,640 --> 00:00:39,840 Thanks for coming to IQ. 4 00:00:39,840 --> 00:00:41,720 Tonight, we're in opposite world, 5 00:00:41,720 --> 00:00:43,920 where everything you thought was right 6 00:00:43,920 --> 00:00:46,800 is either wrong or left, and vice versa. 7 00:00:46,800 --> 00:00:48,400 Or it might be the other way round. 8 00:00:48,400 --> 00:00:50,400 Anyway, up in reverse order, 9 00:00:50,400 --> 00:00:51,920 these are not my guests. 10 00:00:51,920 --> 00:00:53,880 On the contrary, Sara Pascoe. 11 00:00:53,880 --> 00:00:55,160 CHEERING AND APPLAUSE 12 00:00:58,040 --> 00:00:59,960 No way, it's Jimmy Carr. 13 00:00:59,960 --> 00:01:01,640 CHEERING AND APPLAUSE 14 00:01:04,960 --> 00:01:06,800 It definitely can't be Colin Lane. 15 00:01:06,800 --> 00:01:08,440 CHEERING AND APPLAUSE 16 00:01:10,560 --> 00:01:14,520 And I can't believe it's not Davies Alan, but it is. 17 00:01:14,520 --> 00:01:15,720 CHEERING AND APPLAUSE 18 00:01:22,280 --> 00:01:24,520 So, because we're doing opposites tonight, 19 00:01:24,520 --> 00:01:27,440 every time you get something wrong, you get a bonus. 20 00:01:27,440 --> 00:01:29,040 - Ah. - That's good, isn't it? 21 00:01:31,880 --> 00:01:33,040 Alan's big night. 22 00:01:34,280 --> 00:01:36,200 Let's listen to the buzzers. Sara goes... 23 00:01:36,200 --> 00:01:39,040 # Night and day... # 24 00:01:39,040 --> 00:01:41,280 - That's nice. Fits with our theme. - Classy. Beautiful. 25 00:01:41,280 --> 00:01:43,760 That's very nice, isn't it? Colin goes... 26 00:01:43,760 --> 00:01:48,520 # Ebony and ivory... # 27 00:01:48,520 --> 00:01:50,320 Aah, I want a drink now. 28 00:01:50,320 --> 00:01:51,960 Jimmy goes... 29 00:01:51,960 --> 00:01:56,400 # Love and marriage, love and marriage... # 30 00:01:56,400 --> 00:01:58,800 They're not really opposites, are they? 31 00:01:58,800 --> 00:02:02,800 - What, love and marriage? - Yeah. - If you're doing it right. - Oh. 32 00:02:02,800 --> 00:02:04,000 And Alan goes... 33 00:02:04,000 --> 00:02:06,160 # In, out, in, out 34 00:02:06,160 --> 00:02:07,360 # In, out, in, out 35 00:02:07,360 --> 00:02:10,360 # In, out, in, out Shake it all about... # 36 00:02:19,400 --> 00:02:21,560 Very base level Kama Sutra there. 37 00:02:23,040 --> 00:02:24,920 Oh, dear. 38 00:02:24,920 --> 00:02:27,600 "In, out, in, out, in, out, shake it all about," you'll be fine. 39 00:02:28,800 --> 00:02:31,120 Anyway, rather than getting to business, 40 00:02:31,120 --> 00:02:33,640 - we should do the opposite and have some fun... - Woohoo! 41 00:02:33,640 --> 00:02:35,800 ..so I've got some alcopops, like this. 42 00:02:35,800 --> 00:02:37,720 I've got some... Look at these. 43 00:02:37,720 --> 00:02:40,120 - There's your balloons. - Thank you. 44 00:02:40,120 --> 00:02:43,440 And I've got fun chocolates. 45 00:02:43,440 --> 00:02:45,320 There's another balloon for you. 46 00:02:45,320 --> 00:02:47,280 OK. So, here's the thing... 47 00:02:47,280 --> 00:02:49,600 - Sorry, I've dropped mine. - ..it's party time... 48 00:02:49,600 --> 00:02:51,120 Oh, you've dropped your balloon. 49 00:02:51,120 --> 00:02:54,040 - Hang on a minute. - Jimmy's going to be a silly billy. - No, don't. 50 00:02:57,120 --> 00:02:58,680 APPLAUSE 51 00:03:01,280 --> 00:03:02,760 I'll do it. 52 00:03:04,040 --> 00:03:05,880 OK, thanks, Colin. 53 00:03:05,880 --> 00:03:07,920 - Sorry. - Yes? - If you just... 54 00:03:07,920 --> 00:03:10,040 Could you hold up the red balloon for a second there? 55 00:03:10,040 --> 00:03:11,480 Cos it'll look like a Banksy. 56 00:03:13,480 --> 00:03:15,360 There you go. 57 00:03:20,200 --> 00:03:22,240 That took the... Party time, OK? 58 00:03:22,240 --> 00:03:23,720 Oh, yeah, here we go. 59 00:03:23,720 --> 00:03:26,720 You are driving home from the shops, you are so excited. 60 00:03:26,720 --> 00:03:28,760 - That's good, isn't it, Colin? - Oh, that's me! 61 00:03:28,760 --> 00:03:30,400 ALL: Aww! 62 00:03:30,400 --> 00:03:32,320 You're so excited that, unfortunately, 63 00:03:32,320 --> 00:03:33,680 - you crash into a tree. - Oh. 64 00:03:33,680 --> 00:03:36,120 - Yeah. - And that's why you used my face? 65 00:03:38,440 --> 00:03:41,960 In Australia, they drive right-hand drive, right, Col? 66 00:03:41,960 --> 00:03:45,160 - Yes, they do. - So technically... - So it's technically wrong? 67 00:03:45,160 --> 00:03:47,640 - Yeah. - And in that photo, I probably miss the tree, 68 00:03:47,640 --> 00:03:49,040 if you see the perspective. 69 00:03:50,640 --> 00:03:52,920 - Let us imagine, you've crashed into a tree... - Yeah. 70 00:03:52,920 --> 00:03:55,280 ..I want to know what happens to the helium balloons? 71 00:03:55,280 --> 00:03:57,120 - They... - Well, I'm more worried about him! 72 00:03:57,120 --> 00:03:59,280 Yeah. What about me? What about me? 73 00:03:59,280 --> 00:04:01,360 - Yes. - Yeah, that's quite heartless. - Yeah, sorry. 74 00:04:01,360 --> 00:04:03,840 If the helium balloons pop and then you ring the ambulance, 75 00:04:03,840 --> 00:04:06,800 they won't believe you, they'll think you're doing a prank call... 76 00:04:06,800 --> 00:04:09,520 - That's right. - ..because you'll sound like a silly boy. - Yes. 77 00:04:09,520 --> 00:04:10,920 Alan, what were you going to say? 78 00:04:10,920 --> 00:04:13,200 - They're going to keep going. - Which way? 79 00:04:13,200 --> 00:04:14,760 Up? 80 00:04:14,760 --> 00:04:16,200 KLAXON BLARES 81 00:04:20,760 --> 00:04:23,120 Is it something to do with the air bag? 82 00:04:23,120 --> 00:04:25,120 Cos the airbag's going to get released 83 00:04:25,120 --> 00:04:27,080 and then there's another gas in the car. 84 00:04:27,080 --> 00:04:28,520 So, do they fall in love... 85 00:04:29,720 --> 00:04:30,960 ..and run away together? 86 00:04:30,960 --> 00:04:34,080 You look like a snooker player on a night out. 87 00:04:39,400 --> 00:04:42,200 No, but you're on the right... No, it's nothing to do with the air bag. 88 00:04:42,200 --> 00:04:44,320 - OK. - So, helium less dense than air. - Yeah. - All right. 89 00:04:44,320 --> 00:04:46,440 So, everything else is going to get thrown forward, 90 00:04:46,440 --> 00:04:48,920 the alcopops and chocolates are going to get thrown forward. 91 00:04:48,920 --> 00:04:50,480 - They stay still. - KLAXON BLARES 92 00:04:53,920 --> 00:04:55,280 This is a stupid show! 93 00:04:56,560 --> 00:04:58,800 - They go down, they go down. - No. - They go backwards. 94 00:04:58,800 --> 00:05:00,920 - They go down. They go down. - They go backwards! 95 00:05:00,920 --> 00:05:03,000 - Backwards. - They go backwards, they go backwards. 96 00:05:03,000 --> 00:05:04,400 # Ivory... # 97 00:05:04,400 --> 00:05:05,760 They go backwards. 98 00:05:05,760 --> 00:05:07,760 Then, when you accelerate, 99 00:05:07,760 --> 00:05:09,680 what's going to happen to the helium balloon? 100 00:05:09,680 --> 00:05:12,360 - Cos the helium balloon's gone backwards. - They'll go sideways. 101 00:05:12,360 --> 00:05:13,480 - They're going to go... - Up. 102 00:05:13,480 --> 00:05:15,720 - ..the same, they're going to go forwards. - Forwards. 103 00:05:15,720 --> 00:05:17,840 Yes, they're going to go forwards. Exactly. 104 00:05:17,840 --> 00:05:20,800 OK, so enough party time, let's put things away. 105 00:05:20,800 --> 00:05:23,720 Cos there's a limit to the amount of fun you're allowed. There you go. 106 00:05:23,720 --> 00:05:25,920 Where do you want to put it? Oh, under there. 107 00:05:25,920 --> 00:05:28,720 Then the set will gradually levitate. 108 00:05:31,480 --> 00:05:32,720 - It's going well so far. - I know. 109 00:05:39,480 --> 00:05:43,560 You just look, like, a bit washed up, things aren't so good. 110 00:05:44,800 --> 00:05:47,760 "I used to be someone, now I just play for cash in pubs." 111 00:05:49,200 --> 00:05:50,240 I'll be happy. 112 00:05:50,240 --> 00:05:53,320 I thought you looked like a really ambitious porn star. 113 00:06:00,520 --> 00:06:01,720 Like I would know! 114 00:06:03,160 --> 00:06:06,040 OK, so we're doing opposites, what's the opposite of monopoly? 115 00:06:07,320 --> 00:06:08,920 Fun. 116 00:06:10,320 --> 00:06:13,240 - The danger of thinking it's fun. - Yeah. Extra point. 117 00:06:13,240 --> 00:06:15,800 OK, the actual word "monopoly"? 118 00:06:15,800 --> 00:06:17,680 Panoply is what you think it's going to be. 119 00:06:17,680 --> 00:06:19,400 That's like a display of pineapple, is it? 120 00:06:20,680 --> 00:06:22,240 So what does a monopoly mean? 121 00:06:22,240 --> 00:06:26,240 - One single... - Supplier. - OK. - Single supplier. - OK. - OK. 122 00:06:26,240 --> 00:06:30,960 - So mono...poly? - It's what we long for in the railways again. - Yes. 123 00:06:30,960 --> 00:06:34,040 So, monopoly, a single supplier holding consumers to ransom. 124 00:06:34,040 --> 00:06:36,360 So, what we're looking for is a single consumer 125 00:06:36,360 --> 00:06:38,760 who can hold suppliers to ransom. It's called a monopsony. 126 00:06:38,760 --> 00:06:40,960 It is the opposite of monopoly, it's possibly... 127 00:06:40,960 --> 00:06:43,120 I love the way you kept going with that question 128 00:06:43,120 --> 00:06:46,560 and that, never in a million years, were we going to get it. 129 00:06:46,560 --> 00:06:49,320 I did economics A-level for a year and that's what it felt like. 130 00:06:51,160 --> 00:06:52,600 So, what's an example? 131 00:06:52,600 --> 00:06:56,080 So, the BBC, for example, has a monopsony on radio drama, right? 132 00:06:56,080 --> 00:06:58,640 Lots of people want to write it, lots of people want to be in it, 133 00:06:58,640 --> 00:07:01,080 but, pretty much, the BBC are the only people who produce it. 134 00:07:01,080 --> 00:07:03,320 So, there are lots and lots of suppliers, 135 00:07:03,320 --> 00:07:05,640 - but there's only one consumer. - And one listener. 136 00:07:08,320 --> 00:07:09,720 She's very lonely. 137 00:07:09,720 --> 00:07:12,760 - She's very lonely. - She's doing the washing-up, she's fine. 138 00:07:12,760 --> 00:07:15,760 She can't afford a telly. She just can't afford one. 139 00:07:15,760 --> 00:07:17,640 She won't be seeing this. 140 00:07:18,840 --> 00:07:21,760 So, a single passenger, say, disembarking from a train, 141 00:07:21,760 --> 00:07:23,680 and there's lots of taxis waiting, 142 00:07:23,680 --> 00:07:26,320 that would be another example. There's only one consumer 143 00:07:26,320 --> 00:07:29,040 and everybody is vying for their custom, so it's a monopsony. 144 00:07:29,040 --> 00:07:32,840 So, monopsony is the opposite of monopoly, but nobody ever uses it. 145 00:07:32,840 --> 00:07:35,440 And there are lots of words called orphaned negatives. 146 00:07:35,440 --> 00:07:37,440 So, these are words that have the opposites, 147 00:07:37,440 --> 00:07:39,280 but nobody uses them, they are now obsolete. 148 00:07:39,280 --> 00:07:43,320 So, what would be the opposite of ineffable? 149 00:07:44,400 --> 00:07:46,960 - Effable. - Effable. - Effable. - Effable, but nobody ever uses it, 150 00:07:46,960 --> 00:07:49,720 - it's a perfectly good word, isn't it? - I've heard people say that. 151 00:07:49,720 --> 00:07:52,400 - Effable? It's not effable? - "Oh, he's got nice trousers on today. 152 00:07:52,400 --> 00:07:53,760 He's totally eff-able. 153 00:07:55,240 --> 00:07:56,480 In that sense. 154 00:07:56,480 --> 00:07:57,600 APPLAUSE 155 00:07:59,400 --> 00:08:01,600 In polite company. 156 00:08:01,600 --> 00:08:02,920 Yeah, well, funny and... 157 00:08:02,920 --> 00:08:04,120 ..thank you. 158 00:08:04,120 --> 00:08:06,040 I really appreciate it. 159 00:08:06,040 --> 00:08:07,920 They're very roomy. 160 00:08:07,920 --> 00:08:09,360 But there are a lot of good ones. 161 00:08:09,360 --> 00:08:10,920 Incessant, so cessant. 162 00:08:10,920 --> 00:08:12,640 Nobody talks about cessant any more. 163 00:08:12,640 --> 00:08:14,600 There's a weird thing about this word, OK? 164 00:08:14,600 --> 00:08:16,320 What it tells you in the dictionary 165 00:08:16,320 --> 00:08:18,560 is that "cessant" hasn't been used since 1701. 166 00:08:18,560 --> 00:08:19,880 What happened that year? 167 00:08:19,880 --> 00:08:22,080 They thought, "Do you know? I'm done with that word." 168 00:08:22,080 --> 00:08:24,040 What about, for you, what about disdain? 169 00:08:24,040 --> 00:08:27,560 Oh, yes, the opposite of being a good Dane, yes, a disdain. 170 00:08:29,360 --> 00:08:31,320 ALAN AND COLIN: Dis Dane, dat Dane. 171 00:08:32,920 --> 00:08:34,320 - Dis Dane. - Yeah. 172 00:08:38,640 --> 00:08:40,280 The opposite of insipid? 173 00:08:40,280 --> 00:08:41,960 Sipid. 174 00:08:41,960 --> 00:08:43,000 It is just sipid. 175 00:08:43,000 --> 00:08:44,320 - Sipid used to mean savoury. - Oh. 176 00:08:44,320 --> 00:08:46,120 So people would say something was sipid. 177 00:08:46,120 --> 00:08:47,760 Does anyone ever say beknownst? 178 00:08:47,760 --> 00:08:49,480 - Unbeknownst. - Unbeknownst to me. 179 00:08:49,480 --> 00:08:50,800 Beknownst to me. 180 00:08:52,440 --> 00:08:54,440 Nocent, anybody? 181 00:08:54,440 --> 00:08:56,120 Yes-cent. 182 00:08:59,160 --> 00:09:01,680 - Innocent. - Innocent. - Innocent, so a nocent... Yeah, a nocent 183 00:09:01,680 --> 00:09:04,200 - was a criminal. - Oh. - In-nocent. - Until about the 17th century, 184 00:09:04,200 --> 00:09:06,240 so nocentem, Latin meaning "to harm". 185 00:09:06,240 --> 00:09:07,720 Is nonchalant... 186 00:09:07,720 --> 00:09:09,440 - chalant? - Chalant. I suppose... 187 00:09:09,440 --> 00:09:12,480 - Chalant. - Yes. I'm going to refer to you as chalant, I like that. 188 00:09:12,480 --> 00:09:14,560 - I think that sounds rather good. - Chalant. 189 00:09:14,560 --> 00:09:16,040 Yeah, chalant and effable. 190 00:09:19,000 --> 00:09:20,040 Stop it, you. 191 00:09:20,040 --> 00:09:22,840 To be fair, Jimmy, I had to have it pointed out to me. 192 00:09:30,320 --> 00:09:32,800 You know, the only downside to that with Jimmy is, 193 00:09:32,800 --> 00:09:35,320 he does have to keep one foot on the floor at all times. 194 00:09:37,680 --> 00:09:41,280 Well, someone has to keep one foot on the floor or everyone falls over. 195 00:09:42,720 --> 00:09:43,760 OK. 196 00:09:45,040 --> 00:09:47,080 Take that away with you as a thought. 197 00:09:48,440 --> 00:09:49,720 Inflammable? 198 00:09:49,720 --> 00:09:52,560 - Oh, I hate... Inflammable and flammable? - Hmm. - Same thing. 199 00:09:52,560 --> 00:09:55,280 It is exactly the same thing, it's not an orphaned negative at all. 200 00:09:55,280 --> 00:09:57,960 In fact, the opposite of flammable is non-flammable. 201 00:09:57,960 --> 00:09:59,400 "Explosif." 202 00:09:59,400 --> 00:10:01,680 - I beg your pardon? - Just... Just reading. 203 00:10:01,680 --> 00:10:02,960 Oh, explosif. 204 00:10:04,280 --> 00:10:07,000 It used to be inflammable cos it comes from the Latin inflammare. 205 00:10:07,000 --> 00:10:09,680 But they adopted flammable deliberately in the 20th century, 206 00:10:09,680 --> 00:10:11,840 because, honestly, inflammable seemed ambiguous, 207 00:10:11,840 --> 00:10:13,960 so that is one of the reasons why we now say flammable 208 00:10:13,960 --> 00:10:15,640 - and then non-flammable. - Oh. - Right. 209 00:10:15,640 --> 00:10:17,560 Anybody know what a contronym is? 210 00:10:17,560 --> 00:10:19,400 Oh, so it's like synonym? 211 00:10:19,400 --> 00:10:20,680 Yeah? 212 00:10:20,680 --> 00:10:22,520 - Antonym? - Antonyms, yes. 213 00:10:22,520 --> 00:10:24,440 Somebody who's constantly contrary. 214 00:10:24,440 --> 00:10:28,000 So, it's a word that is also its own opposite. 215 00:10:28,000 --> 00:10:31,480 So, screen, which means to show - like screen a film - 216 00:10:31,480 --> 00:10:32,960 and screen also means to hide. 217 00:10:32,960 --> 00:10:35,160 - Yeah, hide. That's nice. - Another example, bound. 218 00:10:35,160 --> 00:10:37,280 So fastened to the spot and also heading somewhere. 219 00:10:37,280 --> 00:10:38,440 Oh, that's good, isn't it? 220 00:10:38,440 --> 00:10:40,720 - That's really nice. - They're good, aren't they? - Yes. 221 00:10:40,720 --> 00:10:44,600 Fast, so moving quickly, and stuck and unable to move. It's the two... 222 00:10:44,600 --> 00:10:46,920 And also, I always with fast food, to fast is not to eat. 223 00:10:46,920 --> 00:10:50,560 - And then also to eat loads really cheaply. - Yeah, there you go. 224 00:10:50,560 --> 00:10:54,000 - Contronyms... I think we may need marijuana for this. - Yeah. 225 00:10:55,000 --> 00:10:57,840 It appears to me like this should be a conversation that happens like, 226 00:10:57,840 --> 00:11:01,120 - "Yeah, man, fast." - Yeah. - Yeah. - "Yeah." - "Cos it's like..." 227 00:11:01,120 --> 00:11:03,520 "But, no, man, fast food." 228 00:11:03,520 --> 00:11:06,080 I love that your impression of someone on drugs 229 00:11:06,080 --> 00:11:07,480 means you've never taken them. 230 00:11:09,600 --> 00:11:12,760 - You can have stoned... - Yeah. - ..as in stoned. - Yeah? 231 00:11:12,760 --> 00:11:17,080 And stoned as in what happens to you in some places if you're stoned. 232 00:11:17,080 --> 00:11:21,520 - Yes. - Do you see? - Yes. - See my meaning? 233 00:11:21,520 --> 00:11:22,880 Antigrams. 234 00:11:22,880 --> 00:11:24,480 Anybody know what an antigram is? 235 00:11:24,480 --> 00:11:26,360 It is the opposite of a gram. 236 00:11:28,320 --> 00:11:30,920 So, these are words where, if you do an anagram, 237 00:11:30,920 --> 00:11:34,560 the anagram itself has the opposite meaning to the original word. 238 00:11:34,560 --> 00:11:36,600 - So... - Impossible! - Whoa! 239 00:11:36,600 --> 00:11:39,240 Yeah. Dormitories, tidier rooms, is one, there's one. 240 00:11:39,240 --> 00:11:40,840 Customers, I like this one, 241 00:11:40,840 --> 00:11:42,880 the anagram is store scum. 242 00:11:45,040 --> 00:11:46,760 APPLAUSE 243 00:11:47,920 --> 00:11:50,440 There's a few people out there work in retail. 244 00:11:53,680 --> 00:11:55,320 Here's another one, an antigram. 245 00:11:55,320 --> 00:11:57,000 A volunteer fireman - 246 00:11:57,000 --> 00:11:58,880 I never run to a flame. 247 00:12:00,680 --> 00:12:02,840 And forty-five is an anagram 248 00:12:02,840 --> 00:12:04,120 of over fifty. 249 00:12:06,040 --> 00:12:07,920 That's just a woman lying, basically. 250 00:12:09,360 --> 00:12:12,520 Now, you need to sort the sheep from the goats. 251 00:12:12,520 --> 00:12:14,240 So, let's play... 252 00:12:21,800 --> 00:12:24,040 This has really dumbed down, hasn't it? 253 00:12:24,040 --> 00:12:26,200 I like it, I like it. 254 00:12:26,200 --> 00:12:28,760 This show used to be something. I mean... 255 00:12:28,760 --> 00:12:31,000 What is the difference between a sheep and a goat? 256 00:12:31,000 --> 00:12:34,240 I think it's something that they do, rather than what they look like. 257 00:12:34,240 --> 00:12:36,320 - OK. What do you think it is that they do? - Jumping. 258 00:12:36,320 --> 00:12:40,040 I think... I love that clip so much when people are doing yoga... 259 00:12:40,040 --> 00:12:41,920 - Yeah. - ..and the goats are jumping on them. 260 00:12:41,920 --> 00:12:43,600 And I've never seen a sheep... 261 00:12:45,520 --> 00:12:47,760 - Seriously? - You've not seen this? - No... 262 00:12:47,760 --> 00:12:50,840 Basically, there's all these people and they're doing downward dogs, 263 00:12:50,840 --> 00:12:53,160 - and then tiny goats... - I'm going to stop you right there. 264 00:12:55,720 --> 00:12:57,520 - They're doing yoga poses... - Oh, I see. 265 00:12:57,520 --> 00:12:59,240 - ..with their bums in the air... - Right. 266 00:12:59,240 --> 00:13:01,720 ..and goats are just jumping on them, like they're hillocks, 267 00:13:01,720 --> 00:13:04,000 from person to person. It went crazy. 268 00:13:04,000 --> 00:13:05,680 What kind of a class is that?! 269 00:13:05,680 --> 00:13:07,000 But the problem is... 270 00:13:07,000 --> 00:13:09,440 - So, you're supposed to be so focused on your yoga... - Yes. 271 00:13:09,440 --> 00:13:11,560 - ..you ignore the goats... - Don't notice the goats. 272 00:13:11,560 --> 00:13:14,560 ..and the goats are just, like, having a crazy great time. 273 00:13:14,560 --> 00:13:16,440 This is everything I hate about yoga. 274 00:13:17,880 --> 00:13:19,840 There's goats jumping on your arse 275 00:13:19,840 --> 00:13:22,160 and you don't go, "Ha-ha." 276 00:13:22,160 --> 00:13:23,520 That's craziness. 277 00:13:23,520 --> 00:13:25,280 You can, but then you're bad at yoga. 278 00:13:26,960 --> 00:13:29,240 - Can I just say...? - Whereas the sheep... 279 00:13:29,240 --> 00:13:32,120 Yeah, don't go to yoga. 280 00:13:32,120 --> 00:13:34,240 - They're much more pilates people, the sheep. - Yeah. 281 00:13:34,240 --> 00:13:36,200 I've never seen a sheep jump. That's my point. 282 00:13:36,200 --> 00:13:38,720 - I think goats are very agile. - Sheep can jump. - Sheep jump? - Yes. 283 00:13:38,720 --> 00:13:41,120 - They can jump. - Yeah, they jump over... - In your dreams! 284 00:13:41,120 --> 00:13:43,400 Because sometimes they jump for no reason at all. 285 00:13:43,400 --> 00:13:46,240 Can I just say, my game has not gone where I was expecting, all right? 286 00:13:47,600 --> 00:13:49,360 The simplest way to tell them apart 287 00:13:49,360 --> 00:13:51,520 is that goats' tails point upwards. 288 00:13:51,520 --> 00:13:53,080 That is the easiest way. 289 00:13:53,080 --> 00:13:54,840 It's almost like they're asking for it. 290 00:13:57,960 --> 00:14:00,560 - Don't listen to him, he's a bad man! - That is a kind of... 291 00:14:00,560 --> 00:14:02,400 That's why they have the horns, right? 292 00:14:02,400 --> 00:14:04,160 - That's the whole point of the horns. - Yeah. 293 00:14:04,160 --> 00:14:06,040 - AUDIENCE GROANS - Don't listen to him either! 294 00:14:06,040 --> 00:14:07,880 They're both terrible men. 295 00:14:09,200 --> 00:14:10,720 So sorry. 296 00:14:10,720 --> 00:14:12,120 You've ruined the yoga class. 297 00:14:13,440 --> 00:14:15,160 Everything's ruined. 298 00:14:15,160 --> 00:14:17,960 So, another clear distinction is kind of a martial arts style. 299 00:14:17,960 --> 00:14:21,400 So, rams back up and charge in order to butt heads, 300 00:14:21,400 --> 00:14:23,040 whereas billies will rear up. 301 00:14:23,040 --> 00:14:24,440 Look at that, that's fantastic. 302 00:14:24,440 --> 00:14:27,640 - They'll rear up on their hind legs and try and nut their opponent. - OK. 303 00:14:27,640 --> 00:14:29,600 And when the two species fight each other, 304 00:14:29,600 --> 00:14:31,560 the ram's style gives an advantage, 305 00:14:31,560 --> 00:14:33,760 cos he hits the billy in the middle, amidships there. 306 00:14:33,760 --> 00:14:35,920 But also, another difference between them is... 307 00:14:35,920 --> 00:14:37,760 ...they look different. 308 00:14:39,200 --> 00:14:41,080 Whoa, whoa, whoa, slow down, Alan, slow down. 309 00:14:41,080 --> 00:14:42,240 What are you talking about? 310 00:14:42,240 --> 00:14:44,160 One's a sheep and one's a goat. 311 00:14:44,160 --> 00:14:45,840 Look different. 312 00:14:45,840 --> 00:14:48,200 Spelt differently. 313 00:14:48,200 --> 00:14:50,600 - Tails. - They have different names. - Different names. 314 00:14:50,600 --> 00:14:51,880 OK. 315 00:14:51,880 --> 00:14:53,760 Let's find out whether you're right, 316 00:14:53,760 --> 00:14:55,920 whether it is in fact cos they look different, 317 00:14:55,920 --> 00:14:57,160 as we play... 318 00:14:57,160 --> 00:14:58,920 ..Sorting The Sheep From The Goats! 319 00:14:58,920 --> 00:15:01,840 - Yay! - CHEERING 320 00:15:04,960 --> 00:15:07,960 I'm telling you, Jimmy, you're going to be hosting this before long, 321 00:15:07,960 --> 00:15:10,040 this quiz show. 322 00:15:10,040 --> 00:15:12,560 OK, here we go, first picture. 323 00:15:12,560 --> 00:15:16,000 - Goat. - Sheep, sheep. - KLAXON BLARES 324 00:15:16,000 --> 00:15:17,760 In your face! 325 00:15:17,760 --> 00:15:19,240 You had it, it's a sheep. 326 00:15:19,240 --> 00:15:21,640 The giveaway is the long, floppy ears there. 327 00:15:21,640 --> 00:15:24,600 - That's definitely a sheep. OK. - And the fact that it's a sheep. 328 00:15:24,600 --> 00:15:26,800 All right. Next one. 329 00:15:26,800 --> 00:15:28,800 - Ah. - Oh. - Sheep. 330 00:15:33,400 --> 00:15:37,280 Colin, say the opposite of what it looks like, I think that's the game. 331 00:15:37,280 --> 00:15:38,840 - Say the opposite. - A dog. 332 00:15:38,840 --> 00:15:41,800 It's an angora goat. Next one. 333 00:15:41,800 --> 00:15:43,360 What are we going for? 334 00:15:43,360 --> 00:15:45,120 I'm saying sheep cos it looks like a goat. 335 00:15:45,120 --> 00:15:48,040 OK, the main reason we know it's a sheep is cos the tail is down. 336 00:15:48,040 --> 00:15:50,160 OK, next one. 337 00:15:50,160 --> 00:15:52,600 What do we reckon about this one? 338 00:15:55,840 --> 00:15:58,480 - Pig sheep. - It is a pig. 339 00:15:58,480 --> 00:16:02,880 It's a curly-coated Mangalica from Austria or the borders of Hungary. 340 00:16:02,880 --> 00:16:05,560 The really extraordinary thing was, I talked about sheep's tails 341 00:16:05,560 --> 00:16:07,720 hanging down, so about a quarter of the world's sheep 342 00:16:07,720 --> 00:16:09,800 are what they call "fat-tailed" varieties, 343 00:16:09,800 --> 00:16:13,720 - so they store fat in their tails. - Whoa! - They've got booties. 344 00:16:13,720 --> 00:16:15,760 Yeah, just like a camel stores fat. 345 00:16:15,760 --> 00:16:17,040 Can we show that? 346 00:16:20,440 --> 00:16:22,200 I'm not sure... That feels like... 347 00:16:22,200 --> 00:16:24,680 I'm not sure how our researchers come up with this stuff. 348 00:16:24,680 --> 00:16:26,680 That feels like it was quite a specialist search 349 00:16:26,680 --> 00:16:29,320 and they went, "You know what? That could be in the show." 350 00:16:29,320 --> 00:16:31,440 So, they store fat in their tails, 351 00:16:31,440 --> 00:16:34,400 - rather like the camel stores it in their hump... - Yeah. 352 00:16:34,400 --> 00:16:36,560 ..and there are various sources, so Pliny the Elder, 353 00:16:36,560 --> 00:16:37,800 - right up to Bruce Chatwin. - Oh. 354 00:16:37,800 --> 00:16:40,160 They state that some of these sheep were actually fitted 355 00:16:40,160 --> 00:16:43,200 with a wheeled trolley to carry their tails around behind them... 356 00:16:43,200 --> 00:16:45,840 - Ah, the... - Oh. - ..because there was so much fat in them. 357 00:16:45,840 --> 00:16:47,800 The Kardashian sheep, yes. 358 00:16:49,640 --> 00:16:51,200 I am familiar. 359 00:16:51,200 --> 00:16:55,280 It's a picturesque motion. OK, now that we've all become experts 360 00:16:55,280 --> 00:17:00,680 in animal identification, can you tell me what this is? 361 00:17:00,680 --> 00:17:01,720 ALL: Aww! 362 00:17:01,720 --> 00:17:05,840 Has someone drawn a face on my testicle? 363 00:17:07,600 --> 00:17:09,000 I love that you're not sure. 364 00:17:10,080 --> 00:17:13,080 I hope they haven't drawn a paw on your testicle as well. 365 00:17:13,080 --> 00:17:14,920 The paw's always there. 366 00:17:17,480 --> 00:17:20,840 The paw's on one of my testicles, the other to don't have one. 367 00:17:22,160 --> 00:17:24,600 It feels like it's a hedgehog without his spikes. 368 00:17:24,600 --> 00:17:27,280 You're absolutely right. That is exactly what it is. 369 00:17:27,280 --> 00:17:30,280 - It didn't grow them from birth. - Aw! 370 00:17:30,280 --> 00:17:33,040 This is so sweet. Presumably from some kind of trauma. 371 00:17:33,040 --> 00:17:34,480 - ALL: - Aww! 372 00:17:34,480 --> 00:17:35,960 We don't know. It was taken... 373 00:17:35,960 --> 00:17:38,880 Oh, you've really got this one bad, haven't you? 374 00:17:40,040 --> 00:17:41,440 Aww! 375 00:17:42,480 --> 00:17:43,720 Aww! 376 00:17:43,720 --> 00:17:45,440 Aww! 377 00:17:48,400 --> 00:17:50,600 One spineless hedgehog and you all lose it. 378 00:17:50,600 --> 00:17:53,640 Sums of this country up, if you ask me. 379 00:17:55,720 --> 00:17:57,200 Let's check out the next one. 380 00:17:57,200 --> 00:17:58,920 This one's an "Aww!" 381 00:17:58,920 --> 00:18:00,760 - ALL: - Aww! 382 00:18:00,760 --> 00:18:02,920 What is this part of the show? 383 00:18:04,000 --> 00:18:05,040 Kill the vegan. 384 00:18:05,040 --> 00:18:07,200 He looks quite cross, though, doesn't he? He's like, 385 00:18:07,200 --> 00:18:09,040 - "What did you say? What did you say?" - Hang on. 386 00:18:09,040 --> 00:18:11,040 - Are all birds doing that the whole time? - Maybe. 387 00:18:11,040 --> 00:18:13,000 And we've just seen what they're really like. 388 00:18:13,000 --> 00:18:15,360 Cos you look at birds and go, "Oh, he's adorable," 389 00:18:15,360 --> 00:18:17,280 but they're actually going, "Come on, then!" 390 00:18:17,280 --> 00:18:20,160 "I can't get my hands on my head! 391 00:18:22,680 --> 00:18:25,000 "Damn you, evolution!" 392 00:18:26,320 --> 00:18:30,480 What happened there? Was he allergic to piri piri sauce? 393 00:18:30,480 --> 00:18:34,720 Is he essentially upset because somebody's prodding him in the back 394 00:18:34,720 --> 00:18:36,160 with a bendy sausage? 395 00:18:36,160 --> 00:18:38,800 Yeah, that's not good. 396 00:18:38,800 --> 00:18:42,400 That's the weirdest part of that photo, in my opinion. 397 00:18:43,440 --> 00:18:47,000 That is a cockatoo, a Moluccan cockatoo who has lost his feathers. 398 00:18:47,000 --> 00:18:50,160 He is... He is... I would describe him as plucked. 399 00:18:52,560 --> 00:18:55,040 Now, what's the opposite 400 00:18:55,040 --> 00:18:57,360 of a plant-eating sheep? 401 00:18:57,360 --> 00:19:00,560 - A plant that grows sheep. - It's a sheep. 402 00:19:04,000 --> 00:19:06,360 See, just when I think what I said is really clear... 403 00:19:08,760 --> 00:19:10,840 You now sound like a vegan who's really hungry. 404 00:19:12,200 --> 00:19:15,400 - The opposite of a plant-eating sheep would be a...? - A sheep-eating plant. 405 00:19:15,400 --> 00:19:17,160 Yes. Yes. 406 00:19:17,160 --> 00:19:18,880 Well done, Colin. 407 00:19:18,880 --> 00:19:20,840 CHEERING AND APPLAUSE 408 00:19:26,040 --> 00:19:28,800 Colin, I'm just going to remind you, I said at the beginning... 409 00:19:28,800 --> 00:19:31,520 - Yes? - ..the more you get wrong, the more points you get. 410 00:19:31,520 --> 00:19:33,800 I don't know if that's going to affect you in any way. 411 00:19:35,840 --> 00:19:38,240 I've been on this show about six or seven times 412 00:19:38,240 --> 00:19:41,520 and I still don't know what the rules are. 413 00:19:41,520 --> 00:19:43,480 I have no idea. 414 00:19:43,480 --> 00:19:45,920 So, there is said to be a sheep-eating plant. 415 00:19:45,920 --> 00:19:48,280 It is called the Puya chilensis. There it is. 416 00:19:48,280 --> 00:19:50,400 Same family as the pineapple. 417 00:19:50,400 --> 00:19:52,400 - And what it does... - It sounds like... 418 00:19:52,400 --> 00:19:54,160 This is someone that's stolen a sheep 419 00:19:54,160 --> 00:19:56,240 and his friend's gone, "Where's my sheep?" 420 00:19:56,240 --> 00:19:58,080 And he's gone, "What, your sheep? 421 00:19:58,080 --> 00:20:00,840 "It was the bloody plant, mate." 422 00:20:00,840 --> 00:20:02,720 "Bloody... Oh, you should have been here." 423 00:20:02,720 --> 00:20:04,720 "Don't take your eyes off that pineapple." 424 00:20:05,880 --> 00:20:09,280 So what happens is, the sheep gets entangled in its spiny leaves 425 00:20:09,280 --> 00:20:11,080 and then the sheep starves to death. 426 00:20:11,080 --> 00:20:13,400 ALL GROAN 427 00:20:13,400 --> 00:20:16,120 Then the animal decays and it takes the nutrients, 428 00:20:16,120 --> 00:20:17,840 as it decays, into the soil. 429 00:20:17,840 --> 00:20:19,960 It's described as a proto-carnivorous system, 430 00:20:19,960 --> 00:20:22,160 so it's unnaturalistic cos that suggests the plant 431 00:20:22,160 --> 00:20:24,400 is on the evolutionary path towards being a carnivore 432 00:20:24,400 --> 00:20:27,440 and other people don't think that's right at all in terms of evolution. 433 00:20:27,440 --> 00:20:31,320 There is one in Surrey, the Royal Horticultural Society in Wisley. 434 00:20:31,320 --> 00:20:34,920 In 2013, it bloomed for the very first time in 15 years. 435 00:20:34,920 --> 00:20:36,280 The spokesman said, 436 00:20:36,280 --> 00:20:39,160 "We keep it well fed with liquid fertiliser, 437 00:20:39,160 --> 00:20:43,160 "as feeding it on its natural diet might prove a bit problematic." 438 00:20:44,720 --> 00:20:46,280 I like the idea of those smart women 439 00:20:46,280 --> 00:20:48,880 going to the Royal Horticultural Society in Wisley going, 440 00:20:48,880 --> 00:20:50,320 "My God, that plant's got a sheep." 441 00:20:51,520 --> 00:20:54,840 So there's nearly 600 species of carnivorous plants. 442 00:20:54,840 --> 00:20:57,160 So anybody know what this one is? 443 00:20:57,160 --> 00:20:59,440 It's the Venus flytrap, surely? 444 00:20:59,440 --> 00:21:04,680 Let's just see if we can get it to think that I'm flying in. 445 00:21:04,680 --> 00:21:07,360 Buzz, buzz, buzz, buzz, buzz, buzz. 446 00:21:07,360 --> 00:21:08,400 Oh! 447 00:21:08,400 --> 00:21:10,920 I mean, I'm not the toughest person on the planet, 448 00:21:10,920 --> 00:21:12,120 but it is quite strong. 449 00:21:12,120 --> 00:21:14,880 So nearly 600 species of carnivorous plants, 450 00:21:14,880 --> 00:21:16,560 about 300 more proto-carnivorous 451 00:21:16,560 --> 00:21:19,880 and they have a different range of approaches, so the Venus flytrap 452 00:21:19,880 --> 00:21:22,640 obviously it actively traps insects but there are others 453 00:21:22,640 --> 00:21:25,720 which might trap an insect and then feed on the faeces left 454 00:21:25,720 --> 00:21:29,000 - by other bugs which come to eat the trapped insect. - Oh, OK. 455 00:21:29,000 --> 00:21:31,360 So the one on the right there is a South African plant 456 00:21:31,360 --> 00:21:33,200 called a Roridula and it does just that. 457 00:21:33,200 --> 00:21:36,240 Isn't that odd, though, that we're all familiar with the Venus flytrap, 458 00:21:36,240 --> 00:21:38,960 so when we were sit here and watch a plant go, "Schoof!" like that, 459 00:21:38,960 --> 00:21:41,760 we'll just shrug that off but that's actually really frightening. 460 00:21:41,760 --> 00:21:44,160 It is slightly terrifying, isn't it? 461 00:21:44,160 --> 00:21:47,320 If that was massive, it would do it to us, it's only a matter of time. 462 00:21:47,320 --> 00:21:50,160 - Well, it could... - Especially view, Sandi, let's face it. 463 00:21:53,080 --> 00:21:54,920 I'm just going to give you that. 464 00:21:56,120 --> 00:21:58,440 You can just keep it away from me and that will be lovely. 465 00:22:02,600 --> 00:22:05,960 There's also a story of a man-eating tree in Madagascar. 466 00:22:05,960 --> 00:22:08,320 1874, New York World wrote about this, 467 00:22:08,320 --> 00:22:10,120 supposedly a woman had been eaten alive. 468 00:22:10,120 --> 00:22:13,760 In fact it was a hoax, but it became a sort of enduring myth 469 00:22:13,760 --> 00:22:16,320 and as late as 1925, there was a book called 470 00:22:16,320 --> 00:22:18,480 Madagascar, Land Of The Man-eating Tree. 471 00:22:18,480 --> 00:22:21,800 It was written by a curious man called Chase Osborn. 472 00:22:21,800 --> 00:22:23,360 He was an ex-governor of Michigan. 473 00:22:23,360 --> 00:22:25,840 He did genuinely search for the tree, but it's a myth... 474 00:22:25,840 --> 00:22:28,440 ..or is it? 475 00:22:28,440 --> 00:22:31,840 Now, this is a human optogram. 476 00:22:31,840 --> 00:22:34,800 What does it prove? 477 00:22:34,800 --> 00:22:36,360 I always thought optograms 478 00:22:36,360 --> 00:22:38,320 was that thing where they could look in your eye 479 00:22:38,320 --> 00:22:39,680 and see who had murdered you. 480 00:22:39,680 --> 00:22:43,160 - What now? - This was, like, before, like, DNA and stuff. 481 00:22:43,160 --> 00:22:44,800 And they were like, "Oh, no..." 482 00:22:44,800 --> 00:22:46,760 I think we always had DNA, it's really... 483 00:22:46,760 --> 00:22:47,800 Yeah, but it's not... 484 00:22:47,800 --> 00:22:50,840 - More like before we knew about it. - We could test it, yeah. - Yes, OK. 485 00:22:50,840 --> 00:22:52,880 So, it was like, "Oh, I'm a Victorian policeman, 486 00:22:52,880 --> 00:22:54,280 "this woman's died. 487 00:22:54,280 --> 00:22:55,880 "I know, we'll get her eyes out, 488 00:22:55,880 --> 00:22:57,080 "have a look on the retina, 489 00:22:57,080 --> 00:22:59,400 "the last thing she's seen, that'll be the killer." 490 00:22:59,400 --> 00:23:02,040 Was that, like, a commonly held belief? 491 00:23:02,040 --> 00:23:03,680 Well, it began in the 17th century. 492 00:23:03,680 --> 00:23:05,760 So, there was a priest called Christoph Scheiner, 493 00:23:05,760 --> 00:23:08,040 and he'd claimed he had seen the image of a flame 494 00:23:08,040 --> 00:23:11,040 on the retina of a frog that he had been dissecting. 495 00:23:11,040 --> 00:23:14,440 So, then you get the development of photography, so that's about 1840s, 496 00:23:14,440 --> 00:23:17,960 and that seemed to provide a sort of theoretical basis for this notion. 497 00:23:17,960 --> 00:23:20,760 There was a German physiologist called Wilhelm Kuhne. 498 00:23:20,760 --> 00:23:23,600 1878, he immobilised a rabbit 499 00:23:23,600 --> 00:23:26,480 and forced it to look at a window for three minutes. 500 00:23:26,480 --> 00:23:28,120 Then he decapitated it, 501 00:23:28,120 --> 00:23:30,640 cut open the eye and, the next day, 502 00:23:30,640 --> 00:23:33,640 he said that the retina dried and revealed an image of the window. 503 00:23:33,640 --> 00:23:36,200 That was the last thing that the rabbit had been staring at. 504 00:23:36,200 --> 00:23:38,480 Bullshit. 505 00:23:38,480 --> 00:23:40,640 - Right, so he was able... So, he was... - Rubbish! 506 00:23:40,640 --> 00:23:42,800 He was able to reveal that he killed the rabbit? 507 00:23:42,800 --> 00:23:47,240 - Yes. - That's a bit of luck. I could have saved him a bit of time there. 508 00:23:47,240 --> 00:23:50,080 1880, he decided to repeat this experiment 509 00:23:50,080 --> 00:23:51,800 with the head of a guillotined murderer, 510 00:23:51,800 --> 00:23:53,640 a man called Erhard Gustav Reif, 511 00:23:53,640 --> 00:23:55,720 and his left eye was dissected 512 00:23:55,720 --> 00:23:57,360 ten minutes after he died, 513 00:23:57,360 --> 00:23:59,600 and the resulting optogram is that picture that we saw 514 00:23:59,600 --> 00:24:01,760 - at the very beginning... - Oh, so it's the guillotine. 515 00:24:01,760 --> 00:24:04,240 Yes, so it's been suggested it's the blade of the guillotine. 516 00:24:04,240 --> 00:24:07,320 It seems very unlikely, he was blindfolded at the time. 517 00:24:09,480 --> 00:24:11,680 The last bit of toast he had. 518 00:24:11,680 --> 00:24:13,840 Unfortunately, all we have is that sketch. 519 00:24:13,840 --> 00:24:15,640 We don't have the actual image. 520 00:24:15,640 --> 00:24:18,360 So, this idea about optograms was taken up by fictional writers, 521 00:24:18,360 --> 00:24:20,440 so Jules Verne and some of the popular press, 522 00:24:20,440 --> 00:24:23,160 and it appears, because this was widely believed, 523 00:24:23,160 --> 00:24:25,120 that some killers took the precaution 524 00:24:25,120 --> 00:24:27,200 of taking their victims' eyes with them, 525 00:24:27,200 --> 00:24:29,800 - to make sure there was no photo. - They seem really, principally, 526 00:24:29,800 --> 00:24:32,880 - to be concerned with her hat in that picture. - Yes. 527 00:24:35,480 --> 00:24:38,360 "Where's her hat?" "I think it's over there." 528 00:24:38,360 --> 00:24:40,280 "I can't reach it!" 529 00:24:42,400 --> 00:24:44,680 "Take a step nearer." 530 00:24:44,680 --> 00:24:46,800 There's been research into this idea, optography, 531 00:24:46,800 --> 00:24:48,440 as recently as 1975. 532 00:24:48,440 --> 00:24:51,760 Evangelos Alexandridis of the University of Heidelberg, 533 00:24:51,760 --> 00:24:53,520 he produced a number of images from... 534 00:24:53,520 --> 00:24:55,240 - It's always the eyes of dead rabbits. - Oh! 535 00:24:55,240 --> 00:24:58,880 - It's not nice. - They've got such big eyes maybe? - Yeah. 536 00:24:58,880 --> 00:25:00,440 Bright eyes, famously bright eyes. 537 00:25:00,440 --> 00:25:02,440 They eat a lot of carrots. 538 00:25:02,440 --> 00:25:06,040 - Did you know that carrots are not... - Yeah. 539 00:25:06,040 --> 00:25:08,640 - OK. Not dead when you eat them. - Carrots are not what? 540 00:25:08,640 --> 00:25:11,720 They die in your stomach, they don't die when you bite into them. 541 00:25:11,720 --> 00:25:14,800 - They only die in your stomach. - That's why they're so delicious. 542 00:25:14,800 --> 00:25:17,000 But, no, it's worse than you think, 543 00:25:17,000 --> 00:25:19,480 because I've been eating baby carrots. 544 00:25:22,880 --> 00:25:23,920 I'm a monster! 545 00:25:27,200 --> 00:25:30,200 I'm surprised this guy from the University of Heidelberg did manage 546 00:25:30,200 --> 00:25:33,640 to produce some images, so there may be some underlying scientific basis 547 00:25:33,640 --> 00:25:35,960 for this notion but we're not really sure. 548 00:25:35,960 --> 00:25:38,840 Do you know where Albert Einstein's eyeballs are? 549 00:25:38,840 --> 00:25:40,240 - They weren't buried with him? - No. 550 00:25:40,240 --> 00:25:43,080 1955, they were removed during his autopsy 551 00:25:43,080 --> 00:25:44,560 and they were given as a gift 552 00:25:44,560 --> 00:25:46,960 to his personal physician Henry Abrams. 553 00:25:46,960 --> 00:25:49,600 Oh, and they made the first one of those desk toys. 554 00:25:52,880 --> 00:25:54,120 APPLAUSE 555 00:25:56,640 --> 00:25:58,440 Oh, my God! 556 00:25:58,440 --> 00:26:01,160 As far as we know, they're in a safe deposit box in New York City 557 00:26:01,160 --> 00:26:02,680 but there's quite a thing of it. 558 00:26:02,680 --> 00:26:04,480 Do you know where Napoleon's penis is? 559 00:26:05,960 --> 00:26:08,080 Is it Wellington's house? 560 00:26:08,080 --> 00:26:10,240 Again, we're not entirely sure. 561 00:26:10,240 --> 00:26:13,320 We think it's in a special box in New Jersey. 562 00:26:13,320 --> 00:26:17,080 In a special box? What are you like? I'll do the filth. 563 00:26:17,080 --> 00:26:18,840 It was taken off at the autopsy 564 00:26:18,840 --> 00:26:21,200 and then it was sort of displayed around the world, 565 00:26:21,200 --> 00:26:22,880 and much mocked for its size. POP! 566 00:26:22,880 --> 00:26:24,200 Yes. 567 00:26:26,400 --> 00:26:28,080 And in the end, 568 00:26:28,080 --> 00:26:30,920 a urologist in New Jersey, called Dr John Lattimer, 569 00:26:30,920 --> 00:26:32,680 he bought it and he was so upset 570 00:26:32,680 --> 00:26:35,280 at people teasing Napoleon's penis - I mean, weird - 571 00:26:35,280 --> 00:26:36,920 he had a special box made 572 00:26:36,920 --> 00:26:39,480 and it's in the family home in New Jersey, as far as we know. 573 00:26:39,480 --> 00:26:42,640 - There's a penis for sale in London. - Sorry? - I was looking into it. 574 00:26:42,640 --> 00:26:44,120 Oh, yes. 575 00:26:44,120 --> 00:26:45,480 Thought I might get an upgrade. 576 00:26:47,080 --> 00:26:50,080 I was in a very strange store in the East End of London, 577 00:26:50,080 --> 00:26:52,240 and the last man that was hanged in Britain, 578 00:26:52,240 --> 00:26:54,200 they have his penis for sale. 579 00:26:54,200 --> 00:26:56,480 - Do they? How much is it? - How much? Yes. 580 00:26:57,960 --> 00:26:59,720 Yeah. And was he hung? 581 00:27:02,160 --> 00:27:03,400 APPLAUSE 582 00:27:05,680 --> 00:27:09,120 - Perfect. - Anyway, an optigram won't prove 583 00:27:09,120 --> 00:27:11,960 you're guilty or innocent, for that matter. 584 00:27:11,960 --> 00:27:13,880 Here is a simple one. 585 00:27:13,880 --> 00:27:16,040 Who's the opposite of Tarzan? 586 00:27:18,520 --> 00:27:20,200 Yes? 587 00:27:20,200 --> 00:27:21,560 Nazrat. 588 00:27:21,560 --> 00:27:22,960 KLAXON BLARES 589 00:27:27,920 --> 00:27:30,760 - Yes, OK, I'll have a crack. - Yes, OK? 590 00:27:30,760 --> 00:27:33,040 - Yes? - So, it's going to be a wild... 591 00:27:33,040 --> 00:27:34,920 Like, an ape raised in a city. 592 00:27:34,920 --> 00:27:36,760 So, Wayne Rooney, Liam Gallagher? 593 00:27:39,080 --> 00:27:41,880 They shave and they walk upright, but it's not good, is it? 594 00:27:41,880 --> 00:27:44,120 - They should be with their own kind. - Well, in a... 595 00:27:45,400 --> 00:27:47,240 In a way, you're right. 596 00:27:47,240 --> 00:27:50,080 The opposite is an ape brought up as an English gentlemen, 597 00:27:50,080 --> 00:27:52,720 and there was such a thing. It was a lowland gorilla, who was... 598 00:27:52,720 --> 00:27:54,240 Oh, my God, he looks so human! 599 00:27:55,640 --> 00:27:58,440 It was a lowland gorilla orphaned by hunters in the Gabon. 600 00:27:58,440 --> 00:28:01,360 He was put up for sale in the Derry & Toms department store. 601 00:28:01,360 --> 00:28:04,960 He was known as John Daniel. He was bought, in 1918, for £300. 602 00:28:04,960 --> 00:28:07,800 So, that's about £20,000 today. 603 00:28:07,800 --> 00:28:09,800 He was bought by Major Rupert Penny 604 00:28:09,800 --> 00:28:12,160 and entrusted to his sister, Alyce Cunningham. 605 00:28:12,160 --> 00:28:14,920 And he lived in a country house in Gloucestershire. Why not? 606 00:28:14,920 --> 00:28:17,240 And he was brought up as a boy, not as a gorilla. 607 00:28:17,240 --> 00:28:20,120 Although, I say a boy fond of drinking whisky and port. 608 00:28:20,120 --> 00:28:22,880 He was fed on children. 609 00:28:22,880 --> 00:28:25,720 - No, went to the village school. - How did he do? 610 00:28:25,720 --> 00:28:27,200 Well, this is the thing, 611 00:28:27,200 --> 00:28:29,120 he was quite good at making his own bed, 612 00:28:29,120 --> 00:28:31,160 he was quite good at doing the washing-up. 613 00:28:31,160 --> 00:28:33,280 He could use light switches and the lavatory. 614 00:28:33,280 --> 00:28:35,960 - Oh, was it one of those Montessori schools? - Yeah. 615 00:28:37,360 --> 00:28:38,880 He preferred the company of women. 616 00:28:38,880 --> 00:28:40,360 When there was a group of men, 617 00:28:40,360 --> 00:28:42,240 - he would urinate on them, which is not... - Oh! 618 00:28:43,320 --> 00:28:46,200 And he would walk into people's houses and help himself to cider. 619 00:28:46,200 --> 00:28:48,760 It's actually kind of a sad story 620 00:28:48,760 --> 00:28:51,560 because, eventually, he grew too big and Alyce couldn't manage him, 621 00:28:51,560 --> 00:28:53,720 and she sold him to an American for 1,000 guineas, 622 00:28:53,720 --> 00:28:56,840 and she thought he was going to have a wonderful life in Florida. 623 00:28:56,840 --> 00:28:59,400 But, in fact, he was made to join the Barnum & Bailey circus 624 00:28:59,400 --> 00:29:01,960 - and was displayed in a zoo in Madison... - Aww. - Hey, hey, hey. 625 00:29:01,960 --> 00:29:05,440 - Yeah, yes. - Let's try and focus on the positive - show business. 626 00:29:05,440 --> 00:29:06,680 He got into show business. 627 00:29:06,680 --> 00:29:08,360 And his health deteriorated, 628 00:29:08,360 --> 00:29:11,280 and Alyce was sent a telegram to say that John Daniel was pining for her. 629 00:29:11,280 --> 00:29:12,760 She set sail for America 630 00:29:12,760 --> 00:29:15,160 but, very sadly, he died of pneumonia before she arrived, 631 00:29:15,160 --> 00:29:17,760 - aged just four and... - Oh! - Yes, it's a really sad story. 632 00:29:17,760 --> 00:29:20,360 And he was given to the American Natural History Museum, 633 00:29:20,360 --> 00:29:22,520 where you can still see his body displayed. 634 00:29:22,520 --> 00:29:23,800 But he did... 635 00:29:23,800 --> 00:29:26,280 For that brief period of time, he was a boy in Gloucestershire 636 00:29:26,280 --> 00:29:28,600 - growing up. - Living as a boy. - Living as a boy, yeah. 637 00:29:28,600 --> 00:29:30,200 But a chimpanzee is all right 638 00:29:30,200 --> 00:29:32,920 until they get to about a year old, and then they'll rip your arm off. 639 00:29:32,920 --> 00:29:34,960 - Well, here is the thing... - That's the trouble. 640 00:29:34,960 --> 00:29:37,760 And tigers are like that. We had a tiger on Jonathan Creek, right? 641 00:29:37,760 --> 00:29:40,960 And they brought this tiger in with a chain, and about three handlers. 642 00:29:40,960 --> 00:29:43,360 And they said, "Will Alan do a photo with the tiger?" 643 00:29:43,360 --> 00:29:46,480 So, I was a bit apprehensive, and I said, "Are you sure? 644 00:29:46,480 --> 00:29:49,200 - "I mean, it doesn't know me." - Yeah. - They said, "Oh, no, it's fine. 645 00:29:49,200 --> 00:29:51,960 "They're not really a danger until they're about 12 months old." 646 00:29:51,960 --> 00:29:53,800 I said, "Oh, good, good. How old is this one?" 647 00:29:53,800 --> 00:29:55,200 And he goes, "It's 11 months." 648 00:29:57,960 --> 00:30:00,840 Now, we're going into orbit, so here's a thought, right? 649 00:30:00,840 --> 00:30:05,080 We have all this nuclear waste stinking the place up, 650 00:30:05,080 --> 00:30:08,800 instead of keeping it underground, why don't we do the opposite 651 00:30:08,800 --> 00:30:12,320 and just fire it into the sun and forget about it? 652 00:30:12,320 --> 00:30:14,120 I've only just started recycling. 653 00:30:16,120 --> 00:30:20,160 If you fired it all at the sun, wouldn't Rupert Murdoch be upset? 654 00:30:22,200 --> 00:30:25,520 Suddenly it seems like a good idea, doesn't it? 655 00:30:25,520 --> 00:30:26,560 APPLAUSE 656 00:30:32,240 --> 00:30:34,360 Presumably because it would be very dangerous 657 00:30:34,360 --> 00:30:36,080 and the sun would explode and we'd all die? 658 00:30:36,080 --> 00:30:37,320 No, I think the sun could cope. 659 00:30:37,320 --> 00:30:39,240 Would it make a more powerful and send it back? 660 00:30:39,240 --> 00:30:42,920 - Ah! - The first thing is, it's unbelievably dangerous to put 661 00:30:42,920 --> 00:30:46,000 nuclear waste in a rocket, right, because if the rocket explodes, 662 00:30:46,000 --> 00:30:48,400 then you'd have the world's biggest dirty bomb. 663 00:30:48,400 --> 00:30:51,360 But the major objection to this superficially attractive idea 664 00:30:51,360 --> 00:30:55,000 is that, counterintuitively, it is extremely difficult to get something 665 00:30:55,000 --> 00:30:58,400 to fall into the sun. So you think it would be easy, all right, yes? 666 00:30:58,400 --> 00:31:01,680 - Yeah. - So imagine that this is the sun and we are travelling round, 667 00:31:01,680 --> 00:31:05,200 but we are constantly drawn, aren't we, towards the sun? 668 00:31:05,200 --> 00:31:09,360 But we're also travelling really fast around the sun, 669 00:31:09,360 --> 00:31:11,760 so we're travelling at 30 kilometres per second, 670 00:31:11,760 --> 00:31:14,160 - so that's 67,000 miles per hour. - Hold on to something! 671 00:31:14,160 --> 00:31:16,320 So we might miss the sun and hit ourselves again? 672 00:31:16,320 --> 00:31:19,320 Well, no, we wouldn't hit ourselves, but in order to get something to go 673 00:31:19,320 --> 00:31:22,000 into the sun, what we actually have to do is get it to slow it down 674 00:31:22,000 --> 00:31:24,000 until it's not going sideways any more. 675 00:31:24,000 --> 00:31:26,880 Cos with a tiny bit of sideways speed, you would miss the sun 676 00:31:26,880 --> 00:31:30,320 and it would just whip around and in order to get our object to fall into 677 00:31:30,320 --> 00:31:32,880 the sun, you'd need to get the speed down to zero, 678 00:31:32,880 --> 00:31:34,920 so that means thrusting the rocket backwards 679 00:31:34,920 --> 00:31:37,280 about 67,000 miles per hour. 680 00:31:37,280 --> 00:31:40,120 Have you seen the documentary about this where it actually happens? 681 00:31:40,120 --> 00:31:44,080 - It is possible to do it. - I'll refer you to Superman 4. - Oh, sorry. 682 00:31:46,520 --> 00:31:48,000 Because he took all the bombs 683 00:31:48,000 --> 00:31:50,760 - and he threw them at the sun and it was fine. - Well, he had the power. 684 00:31:50,760 --> 00:31:53,440 The trouble is we don't have a rocket that's powerful enough. 685 00:31:53,440 --> 00:31:56,680 Nasa's new Horizon craft can go at 36,000 miles per hour - 686 00:31:56,680 --> 00:31:59,560 that's 53% of the power that we actually need 687 00:31:59,560 --> 00:32:02,960 to get the rocket to fall into the sun. It's called a sun dive. 688 00:32:02,960 --> 00:32:06,320 So weirdly, rather perversely, it would actually be easier 689 00:32:06,320 --> 00:32:09,840 to send our cargo of nuclear waste out into deep space 690 00:32:09,840 --> 00:32:12,720 than it would be to drop it into the sun, 691 00:32:12,720 --> 00:32:14,240 because we actually need less power 692 00:32:14,240 --> 00:32:16,120 to get out of the solar system altogether. 693 00:32:16,120 --> 00:32:18,840 OK. Here for the audience, ready? 694 00:32:18,840 --> 00:32:20,440 By a cheer, 695 00:32:20,440 --> 00:32:22,320 who's fed up with austerity? 696 00:32:22,320 --> 00:32:25,280 CHEERING 697 00:32:25,280 --> 00:32:27,880 Me too. So, time to take the opposite tack, I reckon. 698 00:32:27,880 --> 00:32:30,600 Let's have a bit of ostentatious consumption. 699 00:32:30,600 --> 00:32:33,680 So, I've got some menus here, for you, from a Chinese restaurant. 700 00:32:33,680 --> 00:32:35,840 - Chinese takeaway, Col? - Oh, excellent. - There you go. 701 00:32:35,840 --> 00:32:38,000 - Chinese takeaway. - Now, the Kangxi Emperor, 702 00:32:38,000 --> 00:32:39,680 who ruled China around 1700, 703 00:32:39,680 --> 00:32:42,720 was THE most ostentatious eater of all time. 704 00:32:42,720 --> 00:32:44,480 So, here is my question, 705 00:32:44,480 --> 00:32:47,840 which of his eight mountain delicacies do you fancy? 706 00:32:47,840 --> 00:32:49,440 - Leopard foetus? - Yeah. 707 00:32:49,440 --> 00:32:51,840 And this... And these are... These are... 708 00:32:51,840 --> 00:32:53,040 I can't... 709 00:32:53,040 --> 00:32:55,800 The vegan can't talk any more, she's having a panic attack! 710 00:32:57,240 --> 00:32:59,240 I don't think there's anything here for me. 711 00:33:00,600 --> 00:33:03,160 - Well, apart from the... - Are we not having a seaweed? 712 00:33:03,160 --> 00:33:06,040 Well, there is vegetarian stuff here, there's the boar's testicles. 713 00:33:06,040 --> 00:33:09,200 You don't necessarily have to kill the boar for those. 714 00:33:09,200 --> 00:33:11,040 - That isn't how veganism works. - Oh. 715 00:33:11,040 --> 00:33:14,520 It is an actual menu from the birthday of the Kangxi Emperor, 716 00:33:14,520 --> 00:33:16,960 who was on the throne from 1661 to 1722. 717 00:33:16,960 --> 00:33:19,560 Oh, you'd be so thrilled to get an invite to the Emperor's party. 718 00:33:19,560 --> 00:33:22,520 "What are we having? Is there going to be cake?" 719 00:33:22,520 --> 00:33:24,560 "No, better than that, monkey brain." 720 00:33:24,560 --> 00:33:27,960 He called it the Manchu Han Imperial Feast, 721 00:33:27,960 --> 00:33:30,720 so it's kind of like a fusion-style blowout, really. 722 00:33:30,720 --> 00:33:33,080 Because he was trying to reconcile rival factions 723 00:33:33,080 --> 00:33:36,600 so he was showcasing both the Manchu and the Han cuisine. 724 00:33:36,600 --> 00:33:38,240 The meal lasted for three days, 725 00:33:38,240 --> 00:33:40,480 there were six successive banquets, 726 00:33:40,480 --> 00:33:43,520 124 starters and 196 main courses. 727 00:33:43,520 --> 00:33:45,760 Look, that's that hedgehog. 728 00:33:48,600 --> 00:33:50,800 That looks like the brain of something in that one - 729 00:33:50,800 --> 00:33:52,720 is that the brain of something? 730 00:33:52,720 --> 00:33:57,360 - Yes, that is a brain. - Monkey brains. - I wonder what it's thinking? 731 00:33:57,360 --> 00:33:59,600 The seafood platter included 732 00:33:59,600 --> 00:34:02,600 sea slug, fish tripe, swallow's nest, shark's fin and fish bones. 733 00:34:02,600 --> 00:34:05,480 But it was the mountain delicacies that really pushed the boat out, 734 00:34:05,480 --> 00:34:08,120 that was your leopard foetus and your camel's hump and so on. 735 00:34:08,120 --> 00:34:10,080 But that kind of opulence is extraordinary. 736 00:34:10,080 --> 00:34:12,560 There's a marvellous story about the first Earl Spencer, 737 00:34:12,560 --> 00:34:16,840 so that's Princess Diana's great-great-great-great-grandfather. 738 00:34:16,840 --> 00:34:19,400 In the 1750s, he had the finest house in London. 739 00:34:19,400 --> 00:34:21,600 He was especially proud of an innovation - carpets - 740 00:34:21,600 --> 00:34:24,120 but he could only afford three of them so he had this system 741 00:34:24,120 --> 00:34:27,800 whereby as the guests moved through the house, the doors would close 742 00:34:27,800 --> 00:34:29,800 behind them and they would roll up the carpet 743 00:34:29,800 --> 00:34:32,480 and they would run round and lay it out. 744 00:34:32,480 --> 00:34:34,440 And there was a guy called Henry Paget, 745 00:34:34,440 --> 00:34:38,960 who was the fifth Marquess of Anglesey, so 1875 till 1905, 746 00:34:38,960 --> 00:34:42,760 he modified his car so that the exhaust pipe sprayed perfume. 747 00:34:42,760 --> 00:34:46,200 - Wow! - That's like those new pants You can get. Have you seen them? 748 00:34:47,400 --> 00:34:49,840 There's these new pants. It's true. 749 00:34:49,840 --> 00:34:52,360 You and I live on a parallel universe. 750 00:34:52,360 --> 00:34:57,000 There's these pants that if you fart, it smells of mint. 751 00:34:57,000 --> 00:34:59,440 Well, actually, that sounds very sensible. 752 00:35:01,880 --> 00:35:05,880 Now, what is this guy's problem? 753 00:35:05,880 --> 00:35:08,440 - Yes? - Goats. 754 00:35:08,440 --> 00:35:10,120 Yeah... 755 00:35:14,160 --> 00:35:16,440 He couldn't find any. 756 00:35:16,440 --> 00:35:18,200 I think I know this. 757 00:35:18,200 --> 00:35:20,200 He was asleep and he's farted. 758 00:35:21,880 --> 00:35:26,320 He's farted with quite some force, so much force he's lifted himself up 759 00:35:26,320 --> 00:35:27,920 and his cock's fallen off. 760 00:35:27,920 --> 00:35:30,960 He does appear to have no genitals at all. 761 00:35:30,960 --> 00:35:33,680 Sometimes from a distance, Sandi, it looks like that. 762 00:35:33,680 --> 00:35:37,120 Sometimes they're moving so fast they become a blur. 763 00:35:40,800 --> 00:35:43,920 See, I wouldn't know whether that's true or not. 764 00:35:43,920 --> 00:35:46,680 They're both lying. 765 00:35:46,680 --> 00:35:48,040 Colin, what do you reckon? 766 00:35:48,040 --> 00:35:49,880 He's doing an upward dog. 767 00:35:51,760 --> 00:35:52,800 So I do have a theory, 768 00:35:52,800 --> 00:35:55,680 so in the olden days they thought that people used to be... 769 00:35:55,680 --> 00:35:58,360 You know, like, The Exorcist, cos they thought the devil was in you 770 00:35:58,360 --> 00:36:01,560 and they now think it's a kind of encephalitis... 771 00:36:01,560 --> 00:36:02,960 Well, it is a medical thing. 772 00:36:02,960 --> 00:36:05,240 It is a depiction of the effects of tetanus. 773 00:36:05,240 --> 00:36:10,480 It is quite a famous painting, 1809, of a condition called opisthotonus, 774 00:36:10,480 --> 00:36:11,760 by Sir Charles Bell. 775 00:36:11,760 --> 00:36:13,480 The interesting thing about it is 776 00:36:13,480 --> 00:36:15,360 when you get the fossils of dinosaurs, 777 00:36:15,360 --> 00:36:18,480 particularly Archaeopteryx, so things with long necks, 778 00:36:18,480 --> 00:36:20,400 they are often found in the same death pose. 779 00:36:20,400 --> 00:36:23,640 You often see them with the head thrown back and the tail extended, 780 00:36:23,640 --> 00:36:26,920 the mouth wide open and nobody really knew why. 781 00:36:26,920 --> 00:36:29,400 So there were lots and lots of theories about this 782 00:36:29,400 --> 00:36:31,160 and in the end they began to decide, 783 00:36:31,160 --> 00:36:34,080 "Well, actually, most of them must have died of tetanus," 784 00:36:34,080 --> 00:36:36,800 because the pose is exactly the same. 785 00:36:36,800 --> 00:36:38,800 So rusty nails were around in those days? 786 00:36:40,560 --> 00:36:45,480 But then Achim Reisdorf and Michael Wuttke of the University of Basel 787 00:36:45,480 --> 00:36:47,920 in 2012, they did a really practical experiment 788 00:36:47,920 --> 00:36:49,800 to see whether it really was tetanus. 789 00:36:49,800 --> 00:36:51,640 Did they give birds with long necks tetanus? 790 00:36:51,640 --> 00:36:53,360 No, no, what they did was, they bought 791 00:36:53,360 --> 00:36:55,400 a load of chicken necks from the butcher. 792 00:36:55,400 --> 00:36:57,520 Nobody wants those, really, but it's fine. 793 00:36:57,520 --> 00:36:58,840 And they dropped them in water. 794 00:36:58,840 --> 00:37:02,840 And immediately the necks all bent backwards by 90 degrees. 795 00:37:02,840 --> 00:37:05,240 And then three months later after they had rotted some more 796 00:37:05,240 --> 00:37:08,280 they had twisted further backwards to 140 degrees 797 00:37:08,280 --> 00:37:10,960 and what they concluded was that the neck ligaments, 798 00:37:10,960 --> 00:37:13,640 they're normally weighed down by the chicken's head, were freed 799 00:37:13,640 --> 00:37:16,040 by the buoyancy of water to assume their default position. 800 00:37:16,040 --> 00:37:18,120 Their default position was slightly upwards. 801 00:37:18,120 --> 00:37:21,480 - That's such a good experiment. So clever. - And so simple. 802 00:37:21,480 --> 00:37:25,000 So, that is your consignment of general knowledge for this week. 803 00:37:25,000 --> 00:37:27,240 Now it's time for the opposite, General Ignorance, 804 00:37:27,240 --> 00:37:29,360 - fingers on buzzers, please. - Ah, too easy, come on. 805 00:37:29,360 --> 00:37:31,440 This is a telescope called Amanda. 806 00:37:31,440 --> 00:37:33,000 She's at the South Pole. 807 00:37:33,000 --> 00:37:37,120 So, first of all, what constellation must she be pointing at? 808 00:37:37,120 --> 00:37:38,840 # Ivory... # 809 00:37:38,840 --> 00:37:40,280 Southern Cross. 810 00:37:40,280 --> 00:37:43,720 KLAXON BLARES 811 00:37:45,080 --> 00:37:49,960 Amanda is the Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array, 812 00:37:49,960 --> 00:37:51,960 is what Amanda stands for. 813 00:37:51,960 --> 00:37:54,800 So, what might Amanda be pointing at? 814 00:37:54,800 --> 00:37:56,800 Is someone getting changed nearby? 815 00:37:56,800 --> 00:37:58,960 Or is she checking out her ex boyfriend? 816 00:37:58,960 --> 00:38:01,680 So, we're playing Opposites, right, it wasn't Southern Cross. 817 00:38:01,680 --> 00:38:03,840 - Oh. - North... The North Pole. 818 00:38:03,840 --> 00:38:05,920 Yes, she is pointing towards the northern sky, 819 00:38:05,920 --> 00:38:07,880 so she's pointing towards, what would we have? 820 00:38:07,880 --> 00:38:09,800 Ursa Major. Polaris. 821 00:38:09,800 --> 00:38:11,840 The same is true of an even bigger one, 822 00:38:11,840 --> 00:38:14,160 the Ice Cube Cosmic Neutrino Detector. 823 00:38:14,160 --> 00:38:17,600 So, the thing about this is, although she's at the South Pole, 824 00:38:17,600 --> 00:38:20,840 she's actually pointing down into the ground. 825 00:38:20,840 --> 00:38:23,080 So, she is pointing towards the northern skies. 826 00:38:23,080 --> 00:38:25,160 Why didn't they just put it at the North Pole? 827 00:38:25,160 --> 00:38:26,560 LAUGHTER 828 00:38:26,560 --> 00:38:29,120 Because she's designed to detect neutrinos. 829 00:38:29,120 --> 00:38:33,080 - Oh! - These are really, really small, sub-atomic particles. 830 00:38:33,080 --> 00:38:34,760 They don't interact with matter. 831 00:38:34,760 --> 00:38:37,800 So, they normally pass straight through the planet. 832 00:38:37,800 --> 00:38:39,200 Me neither, to be honest. 833 00:38:39,200 --> 00:38:40,920 LAUGHTER 834 00:38:40,920 --> 00:38:43,040 They're teeny, tiny particles 835 00:38:43,040 --> 00:38:45,280 that travel at near-light speeds. 836 00:38:45,280 --> 00:38:49,160 They are really an important part of the universe's essential ingredients. 837 00:38:49,160 --> 00:38:50,560 Whoop! I think I've got one. 838 00:38:50,560 --> 00:38:52,240 - Well... - In your dreams! 839 00:38:52,240 --> 00:38:54,680 ..if you held your hand up to the sun, 840 00:38:54,680 --> 00:38:57,440 a billion neutrinos would pass through your hand 841 00:38:57,440 --> 00:38:59,160 as you held it up to the sun. 842 00:38:59,160 --> 00:39:01,600 - I have a question that's... - Yes? - It's related to this. - OK. 843 00:39:01,600 --> 00:39:04,600 - The constellation on the right there... - Yeah? 844 00:39:04,600 --> 00:39:06,440 Is that called the Rat Slowing Down? 845 00:39:06,440 --> 00:39:11,160 LAUGHTER 846 00:39:11,160 --> 00:39:12,600 ALAN SCREECHES 847 00:39:12,600 --> 00:39:13,920 "I've gone way too quick!" 848 00:39:13,920 --> 00:39:15,840 I think he's gone out of that spin in the middle, 849 00:39:15,840 --> 00:39:17,320 - and gone, "Whoa!" - Yeah. 850 00:39:17,320 --> 00:39:19,480 So, these have almost no mass and no electric charge, 851 00:39:19,480 --> 00:39:21,840 and they're incredibly difficult to detect. 852 00:39:21,840 --> 00:39:25,320 Basically, we need to know. It's one of the great building blocks of the universe. 853 00:39:25,320 --> 00:39:26,680 Why do we need to know? 854 00:39:26,680 --> 00:39:29,080 Because it's one of the fundamental questions in physics - 855 00:39:29,080 --> 00:39:30,320 how are things made? 856 00:39:30,320 --> 00:39:31,920 That's the thing with science, Jimmy. 857 00:39:31,920 --> 00:39:34,360 "We don't know what we're looking for but we have to look. 858 00:39:34,360 --> 00:39:37,200 - Yeah. - Also, once we get to time travel... 859 00:39:37,200 --> 00:39:40,720 It's really for better episodes of Doctor Who. That's why we're here. 860 00:39:40,720 --> 00:39:41,840 LAUGHTER 861 00:39:41,840 --> 00:39:44,040 Now, there are cat lovers and there are cat haters, 862 00:39:44,040 --> 00:39:47,960 but whose lap will the cat sit on? 863 00:39:47,960 --> 00:39:49,320 # Day... # 864 00:39:49,320 --> 00:39:52,680 Cats always go to the people who don't like them or who are allergic. 865 00:39:52,680 --> 00:39:54,560 KLAXON BLARES 866 00:39:54,560 --> 00:39:56,800 Um, yes, they do. 867 00:39:56,800 --> 00:39:57,880 - No. - They do. 868 00:39:57,880 --> 00:40:00,040 Well, the only scientific study that we found, 869 00:40:00,040 --> 00:40:01,960 in fact, finds the opposite. So... 870 00:40:01,960 --> 00:40:03,280 They've only done one? 871 00:40:03,280 --> 00:40:05,200 What are they spending their money on?! 872 00:40:05,200 --> 00:40:06,840 You know the cat on the right there, 873 00:40:06,840 --> 00:40:09,200 the cat on the right that's being kissed by the lady is... 874 00:40:09,200 --> 00:40:11,120 - I think that cat's married. - LAUGHTER 875 00:40:11,120 --> 00:40:12,960 Just from the expression of, 876 00:40:12,960 --> 00:40:16,400 "Oh, my God! Don't take a picture, how am I going to explain this?" 877 00:40:16,400 --> 00:40:18,880 So, people who believe the perverse cat theory, 878 00:40:18,880 --> 00:40:20,800 - there are various explanations. - Yes, yeah. 879 00:40:20,800 --> 00:40:22,760 Well, first, cats don't like being stared at 880 00:40:22,760 --> 00:40:24,240 is one of the reasons that they give. 881 00:40:24,240 --> 00:40:27,240 They perceive it as aggression, so they prefer people who ignore them. 882 00:40:27,240 --> 00:40:28,680 Cats pick up hostile body language 883 00:40:28,680 --> 00:40:31,400 - and they act to try and placate it, that's one of the things. - Yeah. 884 00:40:31,400 --> 00:40:33,480 In fact, there's only one small study has been done 885 00:40:33,480 --> 00:40:36,640 by the Anthro-zoological Institute at the University of Southampton, 886 00:40:36,640 --> 00:40:39,200 and they were unable, really, to find much effect at all. 887 00:40:39,200 --> 00:40:41,440 They had eight cat-lovers, eight cat-haters 888 00:40:41,440 --> 00:40:43,840 and the cats didn't seem to be bothered who they went to. 889 00:40:43,840 --> 00:40:45,640 - They were... - Not exactly a wide study. 890 00:40:45,640 --> 00:40:47,440 It's not a massive study, Colin. LAUGHTER 891 00:40:47,440 --> 00:40:49,760 - No, yeah. - Felines don't make beelines 892 00:40:49,760 --> 00:40:51,680 towards people who hate cats. 893 00:40:51,680 --> 00:40:54,720 This painting, have a quick look at this painting, what is it? 894 00:40:54,720 --> 00:40:56,080 The Scream? 895 00:40:56,080 --> 00:40:57,640 Yes, The Scream by Edvard Munch. 896 00:40:57,640 --> 00:40:58,920 What does it depict? 897 00:40:58,920 --> 00:41:01,120 Anyone...looking at London house prices. 898 00:41:01,120 --> 00:41:02,160 LAUGHTER 899 00:41:04,800 --> 00:41:07,080 - It's a... Now, I know this. - Yes. 900 00:41:07,080 --> 00:41:08,760 I think. 901 00:41:08,760 --> 00:41:11,440 But it's someone who is hearing screams 902 00:41:11,440 --> 00:41:13,840 from a hospital or something. 903 00:41:13,840 --> 00:41:16,880 You're nearly there. So, it is actually not somebody screaming, 904 00:41:16,880 --> 00:41:19,280 - it is somebody... - Somebody hearing screams. 905 00:41:19,280 --> 00:41:22,520 ..hearing a scream of nature, is what Edvard Munch said. 906 00:41:22,520 --> 00:41:24,520 So, it's a figure of indeterminate gender, 907 00:41:24,520 --> 00:41:27,120 she or he, they're not screaming, they're hearing a scream. 908 00:41:27,120 --> 00:41:29,360 So, it's the opposite of what we might think it is. 909 00:41:29,360 --> 00:41:32,280 The scream of nature in German, Der Schrei der Natur. 910 00:41:32,280 --> 00:41:34,680 So, his account of the inspiration for this painting 911 00:41:34,680 --> 00:41:35,880 further bears this out. 912 00:41:35,880 --> 00:41:37,600 "I stopped and looked out over the fjord, 913 00:41:37,600 --> 00:41:40,360 "the sun was setting and the clouds turning blood red. 914 00:41:40,360 --> 00:41:42,800 "I sensed a scream passing through nature. 915 00:41:42,800 --> 00:41:44,720 "It seemed to me that I heard the scream. 916 00:41:44,720 --> 00:41:47,360 "I painted this picture, I painted the clouds as actual blood. 917 00:41:47,360 --> 00:41:49,680 "The colour shrieked. This became The Scream." 918 00:41:49,680 --> 00:41:51,800 He sounds like a bloody great laugh, doesn't he? 919 00:41:51,800 --> 00:41:53,280 LAUGHTER 920 00:41:53,280 --> 00:41:56,240 The scream in Munch's The Scream is heard and not seen. 921 00:41:56,240 --> 00:41:57,600 And that's your lot for tonight. 922 00:41:57,600 --> 00:41:59,720 Let's have a look at the scores. 923 00:41:59,720 --> 00:42:04,000 Well, with a rather magnificent minus 47... 924 00:42:04,000 --> 00:42:05,440 Colin. 925 00:42:05,440 --> 00:42:09,000 CHEERING AND APPLAUSE 926 00:42:09,000 --> 00:42:10,480 Sara, with minus 14. 927 00:42:10,480 --> 00:42:12,200 CHEERING AND APPLAUSE 928 00:42:12,200 --> 00:42:15,280 I'm happy with that. I'm happy with third. 929 00:42:15,280 --> 00:42:17,840 With a very, very creditable minus six... 930 00:42:17,840 --> 00:42:20,520 Alan. CHEERING AND APPLAUSE 931 00:42:20,520 --> 00:42:22,120 Thank you very much. 932 00:42:23,240 --> 00:42:26,680 With a full 8 points, it's Jimmy. 933 00:42:26,680 --> 00:42:29,040 CHEERING AND APPLAUSE 934 00:42:33,480 --> 00:42:36,440 That means, Colin, that you are the winner 935 00:42:36,440 --> 00:42:40,280 - and as you would expect... - Oh, I thought I'd won! - No. 936 00:42:40,280 --> 00:42:43,640 Tonight's prize is the very opposite of an objectionable object, 937 00:42:43,640 --> 00:42:46,400 it's this extremely tasteful QI mug. 938 00:42:46,400 --> 00:42:48,880 There you are, congratulations. 939 00:42:48,880 --> 00:42:51,960 CHEERING AND APPLAUSE 940 00:42:51,960 --> 00:42:56,240 It only remains for me to thank Sara, Jimmy, Colin and Alan. 941 00:42:56,240 --> 00:42:57,600 I leave you with this quote 942 00:42:57,600 --> 00:43:00,600 that is definitely apposite, or maybe just the opposite of opposite, 943 00:43:00,600 --> 00:43:03,120 from the economist, JK Galbraith. 944 00:43:03,120 --> 00:43:05,920 "Under capitalism, man exploits man. 945 00:43:05,920 --> 00:43:08,240 "Under communism, it's just the opposite." 946 00:43:08,240 --> 00:43:10,040 Thank you and goodnight. 947 00:43:10,040 --> 00:43:13,240 CHEERING AND APPLAUSE