1 00:00:32,920 --> 00:00:34,560 Good evening! 2 00:00:34,560 --> 00:00:38,120 Welcome to the QI petting zoo, 3 00:00:38,120 --> 00:00:40,520 where today we are particularly 4 00:00:40,520 --> 00:00:43,640 petting animal pals beginning with P. 5 00:00:43,640 --> 00:00:46,280 At crossed porpoises, Danny Baker. 6 00:00:46,280 --> 00:00:48,400 Thank you. Thank you. 7 00:00:50,840 --> 00:00:53,840 It's that ptarmigan, Phill Jupitus. 8 00:00:53,840 --> 00:00:56,120 Starts with a P! 9 00:00:56,120 --> 00:00:58,400 Cos it's spelled with a P. 10 00:00:58,400 --> 00:01:00,320 And this should put the cat among the pigeons. 11 00:01:00,320 --> 00:01:01,640 It's only Teri Hatcher! 12 00:01:07,480 --> 00:01:11,240 And our very own prawn star, Alan Davies! 13 00:01:17,440 --> 00:01:21,280 And their buzzers this week are birds beginning with P. 14 00:01:21,280 --> 00:01:22,520 Danny...Peacock. 15 00:01:25,840 --> 00:01:27,120 Phill...Parrot. 16 00:01:29,920 --> 00:01:31,840 I think that was R2-D2. 17 00:01:33,000 --> 00:01:34,200 Teri...Penguin. 18 00:01:38,760 --> 00:01:40,440 And Alan Partridge. 19 00:01:43,200 --> 00:01:44,840 A-ha! 20 00:01:49,640 --> 00:01:52,560 Seeing as it's our P animal show, 21 00:01:52,560 --> 00:01:55,440 there's bound to be at least one question about pigs, 22 00:01:55,440 --> 00:01:58,000 so what I want you to do is to look out for one of those 23 00:01:58,000 --> 00:01:59,640 and, if you spot it, 24 00:01:59,640 --> 00:02:03,200 then you have a pig and you can throw the pig and shout, "Pig!" 25 00:02:04,840 --> 00:02:06,240 For extra pig points. Now... 26 00:02:07,480 --> 00:02:09,640 First question, complete this sentence. 27 00:02:09,640 --> 00:02:14,720 Donald Trump is the first President in 168 years not to have... 28 00:02:17,920 --> 00:02:19,480 Come on, anyone! 29 00:02:20,600 --> 00:02:23,200 Not to have what? A trace of common decency? 30 00:02:32,520 --> 00:02:35,000 Empathy? Empathy... 31 00:02:35,000 --> 00:02:36,600 Charm. 32 00:02:36,600 --> 00:02:38,040 These are all too obvious. 33 00:02:38,040 --> 00:02:42,600 I'm going to go with not to have the ability to pee standing up. 34 00:02:45,040 --> 00:02:46,240 Wow. 35 00:02:46,240 --> 00:02:47,600 So since 1850. 36 00:02:47,600 --> 00:02:48,960 What happened in 1850? 37 00:02:50,440 --> 00:02:52,880 Coronation Street started. 38 00:02:52,880 --> 00:02:54,600 It's all the whole show is about. 39 00:02:54,600 --> 00:02:56,960 Oh, pet, animal! 40 00:02:56,960 --> 00:03:01,120 Pets. He's the first President not to have a pet in the White House. 41 00:03:01,120 --> 00:03:02,720 He's got Melania. 42 00:03:12,400 --> 00:03:15,200 They all had pets. Thomas Jefferson had two bear cubs. 43 00:03:15,200 --> 00:03:17,640 Benjamin Harrison had two opossums 44 00:03:17,640 --> 00:03:20,600 called Mr Reciprocity and Mr Protection. 45 00:03:20,600 --> 00:03:24,400 What?! Franklin D Roosevelt had a great Dane, rather confusingly 46 00:03:24,400 --> 00:03:26,280 called President. 47 00:03:26,280 --> 00:03:29,560 Herbert Hoover's son Allan had a pair of alligators. 48 00:03:29,560 --> 00:03:32,120 John Quincy Adams, he was the sixth President, 49 00:03:32,120 --> 00:03:34,400 he kept his alligator in the bathtub. 50 00:03:34,400 --> 00:03:39,160 It was a gift to him from the French general Marquis De Lafayette. 51 00:03:39,160 --> 00:03:42,640 Do you remember, Teri, if you were driving north from Florida, there 52 00:03:42,640 --> 00:03:44,520 used to be alligators for sale - 53 00:03:44,520 --> 00:03:46,760 like, this big - and you could buy them? 54 00:03:46,760 --> 00:03:49,720 It was not uncommon, was it? Right, yeah. Now aren't they in New York? 55 00:03:49,720 --> 00:03:52,400 That is what they say, there are alligators living in the sewers 56 00:03:52,400 --> 00:03:54,440 because people flushed them down the toilet. 57 00:03:54,440 --> 00:03:57,200 And I knew that as a child and I never wanted to sit for too long 58 00:03:57,200 --> 00:03:58,800 on the toilet. I was like that. 59 00:03:58,800 --> 00:04:00,440 You can't sit too long. No, ever. 60 00:04:00,440 --> 00:04:02,120 Teddy Roosevelt, I think, 61 00:04:02,120 --> 00:04:05,200 gets the prize for best Presidential pet owner. 62 00:04:05,200 --> 00:04:08,840 Nine dogs, two ponies, two cats, a hen, a lizard, a blue macaw, 63 00:04:08,840 --> 00:04:11,800 a garter snake named Emily Spinach... 64 00:04:11,800 --> 00:04:13,440 ..named by his daughter Alice 65 00:04:13,440 --> 00:04:17,160 because it's "as green as spinach and as thin as my Aunt Emily". 66 00:04:18,240 --> 00:04:21,560 A small bear, a piebald rat, a pig, a rabbit, a laughing hyena, 67 00:04:21,560 --> 00:04:24,840 a barn owl, a one-legged rooster and five guinea pigs. 68 00:04:24,840 --> 00:04:26,800 He also had six children. 69 00:04:29,000 --> 00:04:31,560 Seems a lot, and a badger called Josiah. 70 00:04:31,560 --> 00:04:34,120 He also had a pony called Algonquin. 71 00:04:34,120 --> 00:04:37,080 He was so beloved by the President's son Archie and that when he was sick 72 00:04:37,080 --> 00:04:39,920 in bed, his brothers Kermit... 73 00:04:39,920 --> 00:04:43,760 Kermit and Quentin brought the pony up in the lift. 74 00:04:43,760 --> 00:04:46,440 "We'll bring the pony up to the room now!" 75 00:04:47,880 --> 00:04:50,520 "Where would you like your pony?" 76 00:04:51,600 --> 00:04:54,680 I don't think mother would allow that! 77 00:04:57,440 --> 00:04:58,960 Oh, we could work that up. 78 00:05:00,280 --> 00:05:02,960 But, apparently, there was a mirror in the lift and the pony was 79 00:05:02,960 --> 00:05:06,560 so obsessed with its own reflection, it wouldn't get out the lift. 80 00:05:06,560 --> 00:05:07,720 Wow, I'm handsome! 81 00:05:09,160 --> 00:05:12,200 This is my favourite. Andrew Jackson had an African grey parrot 82 00:05:12,200 --> 00:05:15,600 named Poll, who was famous for shouting obscenities 83 00:05:15,600 --> 00:05:17,320 at visiting dignitaries. 84 00:05:17,320 --> 00:05:20,960 And it even disrupted Jackson's own funeral. 85 00:05:20,960 --> 00:05:24,800 Who doesn't want that? A swearing parrot in the White House. 86 00:05:24,800 --> 00:05:30,040 I read last year that a parrot, I think it was, like, 50 or something, 87 00:05:30,040 --> 00:05:32,400 it used to be very amusing and all the things parrot say, 88 00:05:32,400 --> 00:05:34,080 but it was on its deathbed 89 00:05:34,080 --> 00:05:35,800 and they literally gathered around, 90 00:05:35,800 --> 00:05:37,520 because it had been in the family 50 years, 91 00:05:37,520 --> 00:05:41,040 and before it expired, the parrot turned and said, "Thank you." 92 00:05:41,040 --> 00:05:42,240 I mean, that's nice, 93 00:05:42,240 --> 00:05:45,240 but what an ungrateful bastard the rest of the time. 94 00:05:46,880 --> 00:05:51,240 In 1940, Franklin D Roosevelt was given a Scottish Terrier puppy 95 00:05:51,240 --> 00:05:54,240 that he named Murray the Outlaw of Falahill 96 00:05:54,240 --> 00:05:56,160 after one of his Scottish ancestors, 97 00:05:56,160 --> 00:05:57,360 and it was known as Fala, 98 00:05:57,360 --> 00:05:59,600 and it travelled everywhere with the President. 99 00:05:59,600 --> 00:06:01,560 He became a celebrity in his own right. 100 00:06:01,560 --> 00:06:04,000 He had his own secretary to answer fan mail. 101 00:06:04,000 --> 00:06:06,920 That's him there with the genius Eleanor Roosevelt, 102 00:06:06,920 --> 00:06:08,640 who really was the power behind 103 00:06:08,640 --> 00:06:10,920 the throne in that particular presidency. 104 00:06:10,920 --> 00:06:13,880 During the Battle of the Bulge - the last sort of big German offensive in 105 00:06:13,880 --> 00:06:16,960 the Second World War - the American soldiers used to ask each other 106 00:06:16,960 --> 00:06:19,880 the name of the President's dog, and if you got the answer Fala, 107 00:06:19,880 --> 00:06:23,320 you knew it probably wasn't a German who was masquerading as an American. 108 00:06:24,920 --> 00:06:27,520 Donald Trump is the first President of the United States 109 00:06:27,520 --> 00:06:29,760 to steer clear of any petting in the White House. 110 00:06:29,760 --> 00:06:30,800 Oh! 111 00:06:31,960 --> 00:06:34,800 I'm just going to let that live in the air for a little bit. 112 00:06:35,800 --> 00:06:41,800 Now, who here is afraid of a tiny dancer called sparklemuffin? 113 00:06:41,800 --> 00:06:43,800 It's going to be an animal, isn't it? 114 00:06:43,800 --> 00:06:45,800 It is, because I said at the beginning, 115 00:06:45,800 --> 00:06:47,560 the whole show is about animals. 116 00:06:47,560 --> 00:06:49,960 Is it one of us who's afraid of it? 117 00:06:49,960 --> 00:06:52,600 I think Phill might be afraid of it. What are you afraid of, Phill? 118 00:06:52,600 --> 00:06:55,320 I'm loosely arachnophobic. 119 00:06:55,320 --> 00:06:59,000 Yes. I don't favour the eight-legged groove machines. 120 00:06:59,000 --> 00:07:01,280 What is it you don't like about them? Is it this? 121 00:07:02,880 --> 00:07:04,200 No, I quite like that. 122 00:07:08,160 --> 00:07:10,120 I think you may have cured me, Hatcher. 123 00:07:12,040 --> 00:07:14,440 That's what I'm here for! 124 00:07:14,440 --> 00:07:17,360 That's shock therapy that I wasn't expecting. 125 00:07:17,360 --> 00:07:19,880 I'm trying to think what I'm afraid of - hang on a minute. 126 00:07:22,120 --> 00:07:24,240 My biggest fear is being stuck in a lift 127 00:07:24,240 --> 00:07:26,680 with a man who's confident he can fix it. 128 00:07:28,720 --> 00:07:31,080 "No, no, I've done this before, it'll be all right." 129 00:07:31,080 --> 00:07:32,920 Are you afraid of anything, Teri? 130 00:07:32,920 --> 00:07:34,600 Uh, snakes. 131 00:07:34,600 --> 00:07:36,320 Do they have a lot of snakes in California? 132 00:07:36,320 --> 00:07:37,760 They do. Rattlesnakes, yeah. 133 00:07:37,760 --> 00:07:41,200 And I have done interaction with a rattlesnake once. 134 00:07:41,200 --> 00:07:44,400 It was, like, a spa kind of place 135 00:07:44,400 --> 00:07:49,480 and this really big rattlesnake was coiled up, like, right there. 136 00:07:49,480 --> 00:07:51,640 Just like you see in the movies, it was horrible, 137 00:07:51,640 --> 00:07:56,640 and all the women I was with jumped away, like kind of pushed me forward 138 00:07:56,640 --> 00:08:00,600 toward the snake... And I thought it really showed, like, 139 00:08:00,600 --> 00:08:02,280 what your real character is. 140 00:08:02,280 --> 00:08:05,320 Like, are you the person that throws the other people into the snake? 141 00:08:06,800 --> 00:08:09,200 But did Superman not come? Did he not.... 142 00:08:10,480 --> 00:08:14,040 No, you think that as many times as I've yelled, "Help, save me," 143 00:08:14,040 --> 00:08:17,840 like that would be my go-to, but I didn't say it, he didn't come. 144 00:08:17,840 --> 00:08:19,200 Anyway, here's the thing. 145 00:08:19,200 --> 00:08:21,680 I think you're going to be cured of the whole arachnophobia, 146 00:08:21,680 --> 00:08:23,960 because this is the cutest spider of all time. 147 00:08:23,960 --> 00:08:26,960 The sparklemuffin is a nickname given by researchers 148 00:08:26,960 --> 00:08:29,720 to a newly discovered species of peacock spider. 149 00:08:29,720 --> 00:08:32,000 So these are chia seeds, 150 00:08:32,000 --> 00:08:35,840 and a single one is the size of a chia seed - 151 00:08:35,840 --> 00:08:38,360 that's how tiny, tiny they are. 152 00:08:38,360 --> 00:08:39,720 There are other species - 153 00:08:39,720 --> 00:08:42,400 there is one called a circuit board peacock spider. 154 00:08:42,400 --> 00:08:45,160 It's got a pattern like an electrical circuit board, 155 00:08:45,160 --> 00:08:47,720 and there it is. And there's the bat-like peacock spider, 156 00:08:47,720 --> 00:08:49,080 the elephant peacock spider, 157 00:08:49,080 --> 00:08:52,040 which looks honestly like it's got a picture of an elephant 158 00:08:52,040 --> 00:08:54,360 on its bottom. They are really, really small, 159 00:08:54,360 --> 00:08:58,440 and not only are they the only known dancing spiders, 160 00:08:58,440 --> 00:09:02,240 they're also home to nature's smallest rainbow. No! 161 00:09:02,240 --> 00:09:04,320 They diffract light from their bottom, 162 00:09:04,320 --> 00:09:05,880 and it's the only known example of... 163 00:09:09,000 --> 00:09:10,400 You're suddenly excited by this! 164 00:09:10,400 --> 00:09:11,840 No, I was just picturing being able 165 00:09:11,840 --> 00:09:16,720 to have rainbows coming out my bottom. Yes! Now we are! 166 00:09:25,640 --> 00:09:27,080 It's not even raining! 167 00:09:28,800 --> 00:09:31,840 Let's have a look and see if we can see it dancing. 168 00:09:33,280 --> 00:09:35,440 Oh, my gosh! 169 00:09:35,440 --> 00:09:37,120 It's cute! 170 00:09:37,120 --> 00:09:41,360 Look, check it out! That music has been added on after, hasn't it? 171 00:09:41,360 --> 00:09:44,080 I'm pretty sure he's not playing that. 172 00:09:44,080 --> 00:09:46,800 He's miming. So they've tried to recreate 173 00:09:46,800 --> 00:09:49,360 the colours on these microscopic bottoms, 174 00:09:49,360 --> 00:09:51,560 and they simply can't replicate them. 175 00:09:51,560 --> 00:09:53,760 They've used engineers, biologists, physicists. 176 00:09:53,760 --> 00:09:57,160 I've worked a long time to try to be able to make my butt move like that. 177 00:09:57,160 --> 00:09:59,080 And have a rainbow come out of it. 178 00:09:59,080 --> 00:10:01,400 Rainbows or no rainbows, that's awesome. 179 00:10:01,400 --> 00:10:02,800 Being able to move like that. 180 00:10:02,800 --> 00:10:06,160 Half the ones that we know about have been named by a single person - 181 00:10:06,160 --> 00:10:07,840 Australia's Dr Jurgen Otto - 182 00:10:07,840 --> 00:10:10,760 he works for the Australian Department of Agriculture. 183 00:10:10,760 --> 00:10:12,240 He says they have personalities 184 00:10:12,240 --> 00:10:14,600 to match their brilliant colours and intricate dances. 185 00:10:14,600 --> 00:10:17,240 He said, "They display curiosity and fear", 186 00:10:17,240 --> 00:10:19,320 "they hide behind leaves when they're scared," 187 00:10:19,320 --> 00:10:22,520 "so I often compare them to puppies and kittens." 188 00:10:22,520 --> 00:10:23,920 Spiders don't have ears, right? 189 00:10:23,920 --> 00:10:27,440 So they can't hear you, but they can feel vibrations through the legs. 190 00:10:27,440 --> 00:10:29,520 Can't hear you at all? What? 191 00:10:31,040 --> 00:10:34,080 All that, "Get out of the bath!" 192 00:10:34,080 --> 00:10:35,800 Completely pointless? 193 00:10:35,800 --> 00:10:38,440 "How did you even get in there?" 194 00:10:38,440 --> 00:10:41,360 So, a female has to be a virgin, that's a pre-requisite for mating, 195 00:10:41,360 --> 00:10:43,880 and then he'll do the dance for her for a couple of minutes. 196 00:10:43,880 --> 00:10:45,760 Not in Essex! 197 00:10:47,960 --> 00:10:50,440 Sorry, it's an open goal. I know, I know. 198 00:10:50,440 --> 00:10:54,080 You just lost Billericay, didn't you? 199 00:10:54,080 --> 00:10:56,680 So, if the female has already mated, 200 00:10:56,680 --> 00:10:59,280 then no matter how much he dances, she won't mate again. 201 00:10:59,280 --> 00:11:01,800 I don't know what it is, she tried it once, she didn't like it. 202 00:11:01,800 --> 00:11:03,280 Anyway... 203 00:11:03,280 --> 00:11:07,400 Sparklemuffin is a tiny dancer with an extremely attractive backside, 204 00:11:07,400 --> 00:11:11,280 which gets Phill Jupitus into a highly emotional state. 205 00:11:11,280 --> 00:11:14,120 What's black and white and pissed all over? 206 00:11:14,120 --> 00:11:16,480 Oh... Er... 207 00:11:16,480 --> 00:11:21,400 A penguin that got into a pirate's stash of rum. 208 00:11:21,400 --> 00:11:23,560 Oh! 209 00:11:28,240 --> 00:11:29,880 Wow! 210 00:11:29,880 --> 00:11:33,240 Wow! Seriously, that was impressive. 211 00:11:33,240 --> 00:11:34,960 Yeah! 212 00:11:34,960 --> 00:11:37,320 No, OK, so it is the giant panda. 213 00:11:37,320 --> 00:11:40,160 In order to introduce giant panda cubs into the wild, 214 00:11:40,160 --> 00:11:43,360 the researchers at China's Wolong Nature Reserve, 215 00:11:43,360 --> 00:11:45,280 they dressed as adult pandas, 216 00:11:45,280 --> 00:11:48,600 and they covered themselves in panda pee. 217 00:11:48,600 --> 00:11:50,240 Why might they do that? 218 00:11:50,240 --> 00:11:52,160 Because they're perverts! 219 00:11:53,240 --> 00:11:55,680 Watching panda porn all night, 220 00:11:55,680 --> 00:11:58,680 which is a very slow watch, I have to say. 221 00:11:58,680 --> 00:12:02,040 Something to do with settling the young ones in the wild, is it? 222 00:12:02,040 --> 00:12:04,160 Yes, they don't want them to get used to humans. 223 00:12:04,160 --> 00:12:06,560 Here's the thing about pandas - they look very cute, 224 00:12:06,560 --> 00:12:08,760 but let's remember the bear part of their name. 225 00:12:08,760 --> 00:12:11,800 Yeah. They are still aggressive, you don't want them to go into 226 00:12:11,800 --> 00:12:13,800 villages and go, "Oh, those nice people!" 227 00:12:13,800 --> 00:12:17,160 So they wanted them to feel that they were with actual pandas, 228 00:12:17,160 --> 00:12:20,200 and the way to do that is to cover them in the panda urine 229 00:12:20,200 --> 00:12:21,960 so they don't smell of human beings. 230 00:12:21,960 --> 00:12:25,560 The scientists in China are not the only ones who have dressed up 231 00:12:25,560 --> 00:12:27,720 as animals and utilised urine in the last few years. 232 00:12:27,720 --> 00:12:29,560 There is a man called Joel Berger, 233 00:12:29,560 --> 00:12:32,440 he's a biologist at the Colorado State University. 234 00:12:32,440 --> 00:12:33,960 And what he wanted to do was see 235 00:12:33,960 --> 00:12:36,160 how moose reacted to other species' urine. 236 00:12:36,160 --> 00:12:40,880 So he dressed up as a moose and then he soaked snowballs in urine 237 00:12:40,880 --> 00:12:43,640 from other creatures, and he lobbed them at the moose. 238 00:12:43,640 --> 00:12:47,160 It sounds ridiculous but it has a really serious scientific purpose. 239 00:12:47,160 --> 00:12:49,480 So bears and wolves were reintroduced 240 00:12:49,480 --> 00:12:51,280 in places like Scandinavia, 241 00:12:51,280 --> 00:12:52,520 and also in the United States, 242 00:12:52,520 --> 00:12:55,240 and what they realised it that the moose had never seen one before. 243 00:12:55,240 --> 00:12:56,800 And what they wanted to do was 244 00:12:56,800 --> 00:12:59,880 to work out whether they had any instinct to run away. 245 00:12:59,880 --> 00:13:03,920 So they threw snowballs soaked in the urine of the predators 246 00:13:03,920 --> 00:13:06,520 and they realised that they didn't know to run away, but... 247 00:13:06,520 --> 00:13:07,800 Oh, and what happened? 248 00:13:07,800 --> 00:13:11,000 It took them one generation to go, "Wow, OK. Those are not friendly." 249 00:13:12,480 --> 00:13:15,480 So they could relearn their anti-predatory responses. 250 00:13:15,480 --> 00:13:18,760 In Hawaii, there was a terrible rat problem. 251 00:13:18,760 --> 00:13:21,480 So they went, well, what is the natural predator of the rat? 252 00:13:21,480 --> 00:13:23,040 And it's the mongoose. 253 00:13:23,040 --> 00:13:27,120 So they imported thousands of mongeese during the winter months 254 00:13:27,120 --> 00:13:29,720 to go after the rats and to get rid of them. 255 00:13:29,720 --> 00:13:32,040 Well, at the end of the winter, there was still more rats 256 00:13:32,040 --> 00:13:34,720 than they could possibly deal with, they couldn't understand, 257 00:13:34,720 --> 00:13:36,840 until someone said, "Did anyone check this out?" 258 00:13:36,840 --> 00:13:41,120 "Rats are nocturnal. Mongeese aren't." 259 00:13:41,120 --> 00:13:43,000 They've never actually met each other. 260 00:13:43,000 --> 00:13:46,480 And now they had a mongoose problem and a rat problem. 261 00:13:46,480 --> 00:13:48,480 But they never actually met. 262 00:13:48,480 --> 00:13:50,840 The first pandas that Westerners learned about 263 00:13:50,840 --> 00:13:54,000 was from a French missionary in China, Armand David. 264 00:13:54,000 --> 00:13:58,800 He brought a dead specimen from local hunters in 1869. 265 00:13:58,800 --> 00:14:00,680 And that must have been an astonishing thing, 266 00:14:00,680 --> 00:14:02,120 no-one had ever seen one before. 267 00:14:02,120 --> 00:14:05,040 The extent to which it's related to the red panda, 268 00:14:05,040 --> 00:14:08,040 that's been debated backwards and forwards. But it isn't, really. 269 00:14:08,040 --> 00:14:11,320 The giant panda is a bear, the red panda is closer to a racoon. 270 00:14:11,320 --> 00:14:12,880 But they have recently discovered 271 00:14:12,880 --> 00:14:16,480 why they've got black-and-white fur. Oh! 272 00:14:16,480 --> 00:14:17,960 Any thoughts on why that...? 273 00:14:17,960 --> 00:14:20,040 Because the colour licence is more expensive. 274 00:14:21,280 --> 00:14:23,360 Here's the thing, the diet is so bad 275 00:14:23,360 --> 00:14:25,840 that they can't hibernate in the winter. 276 00:14:25,840 --> 00:14:28,200 So they are active through both the winter and the summer. 277 00:14:28,200 --> 00:14:30,840 And they need camouflage for both seasons. 278 00:14:30,840 --> 00:14:33,240 So the black bits help to camouflage them in the summer, 279 00:14:33,240 --> 00:14:36,240 and the white bits help to camouflage them in the winter. 280 00:14:36,240 --> 00:14:38,520 And it was discovered by a guy called Tim Caro - 281 00:14:38,520 --> 00:14:41,120 he's a University of California biologist - 282 00:14:41,120 --> 00:14:44,680 and he's the same researcher who spent ten years working out 283 00:14:44,680 --> 00:14:48,520 why zebras are black and white. Cheap licence. 284 00:14:48,520 --> 00:14:51,640 It's probably to deter flies who, for some reason, 285 00:14:51,640 --> 00:14:54,680 it is unclear, do not like landing on striped surfaces. 286 00:14:54,680 --> 00:14:56,840 "Oh, no, I'm not going down there!" 287 00:14:56,840 --> 00:15:00,320 I've been to Africa, and I saw plenty of flies around the zebras. 288 00:15:00,320 --> 00:15:01,880 Yes, but they don't land. 289 00:15:01,880 --> 00:15:03,080 Oh, they don't land! 290 00:15:03,080 --> 00:15:04,200 They spin around going, 291 00:15:04,200 --> 00:15:06,720 "Has anybody seen a horse, a plain horse?" 292 00:15:06,720 --> 00:15:08,680 If you shave one, they're that colour... 293 00:15:08,680 --> 00:15:11,000 The skin matches the stripes, a zebra. 294 00:15:11,000 --> 00:15:12,160 Yeah. And, uh... 295 00:15:12,160 --> 00:15:13,720 You sadist. Oh, no... 296 00:15:15,640 --> 00:15:18,120 That is another thing, if you take a zebra to a supermarket 297 00:15:18,120 --> 00:15:20,560 and you fire a barcode gun at it, it says, "Zebra". 298 00:15:23,000 --> 00:15:25,360 "Unexpected item in bagging area." 299 00:15:26,600 --> 00:15:29,080 If you are working in Wolong Nature Reserve 300 00:15:29,080 --> 00:15:30,600 and you're not covered in wee, 301 00:15:30,600 --> 00:15:32,800 you are in danger of causing panda-monium. 302 00:15:32,800 --> 00:15:35,120 Ohh! Hey! 303 00:15:35,120 --> 00:15:36,600 Thank you. 304 00:15:36,600 --> 00:15:39,160 Now for a question on perilous primates. 305 00:15:39,160 --> 00:15:42,880 Who has got the most dangerous elbows? 306 00:15:44,560 --> 00:15:46,960 A chimp. 307 00:15:46,960 --> 00:15:50,080 That seems so obvious. I thought it would go off. 308 00:15:50,080 --> 00:15:52,840 You don't get the buzzer? You don't get the buzzer? 309 00:15:52,840 --> 00:15:54,800 You want me to tell you? Yeah. 310 00:15:54,800 --> 00:15:56,200 It's the slow loris. 311 00:15:56,200 --> 00:15:59,600 Oh! It's the only known venomous primate. 312 00:15:59,600 --> 00:16:01,280 "Come on, loris, chop chop!" 313 00:16:03,200 --> 00:16:05,080 "I'm not in a hurry." 314 00:16:05,080 --> 00:16:06,760 It has venom... "I'm not in a hurry." 315 00:16:08,240 --> 00:16:10,720 "I'm actually completely lost. It's pitch-black." 316 00:16:12,920 --> 00:16:17,360 "But I've got my poisonous elbows with me wherever I go!" 317 00:16:17,360 --> 00:16:20,120 It has a patch on its elbow, which... 318 00:16:20,120 --> 00:16:23,320 Does it smoke? No, it literally... 319 00:16:23,320 --> 00:16:26,480 It activates it by being mixed with saliva. 320 00:16:26,480 --> 00:16:29,960 What? If it bit you, a human being, it could cause anaphylactic shock, 321 00:16:29,960 --> 00:16:33,880 it can cause death... Wow. ..and they are all endangered. 322 00:16:33,880 --> 00:16:38,680 There are about eight species of slow loris. Well, good! No! 323 00:16:38,680 --> 00:16:42,560 So it licks its elbow, activates the poison in its mouth... 324 00:16:42,560 --> 00:16:45,520 And then it bites you. That's correct. It's a SLOW loris... 325 00:16:45,520 --> 00:16:47,440 It is a slow loris. So not only is it slow, 326 00:16:47,440 --> 00:16:50,000 its enemy has to wait for it to lick its own elbow 327 00:16:50,000 --> 00:16:52,640 before it goes into action. Yeah. But once it... 328 00:16:54,360 --> 00:16:57,000 We all kind of want to try it! 329 00:16:57,000 --> 00:16:58,920 Here is the really sad thing about it. 330 00:16:58,920 --> 00:17:00,400 Because they look sort of passive, 331 00:17:00,400 --> 00:17:03,080 they have got those marvellous big eyes, lots of people want them 332 00:17:03,080 --> 00:17:05,720 as pets, and this is really sad that people pull their teeth... 333 00:17:05,720 --> 00:17:07,040 Ahh! 334 00:17:07,040 --> 00:17:09,280 I know! ..and they die of infection. 335 00:17:09,280 --> 00:17:12,840 But the reason they have the big eyes is they've evolved to mimic 336 00:17:12,840 --> 00:17:15,160 cobras. It is an astonishing thing, 337 00:17:15,160 --> 00:17:16,640 and they can not only hiss 338 00:17:16,640 --> 00:17:18,880 but they can undulate in a serpentine fashion, 339 00:17:18,880 --> 00:17:21,640 because they've got an extra vertebrae in their spines. 340 00:17:21,640 --> 00:17:24,720 They seem to have evolved to frighten off people. 341 00:17:24,720 --> 00:17:27,600 They don't want to use the venom would seem to be the thing. 342 00:17:27,600 --> 00:17:30,720 There's a wonderful description by a man called John Still, 343 00:17:30,720 --> 00:17:32,960 writing in 1905 in Sri Lanka. 344 00:17:32,960 --> 00:17:36,640 He's the very first person to record confusing a slow loris with a cobra. 345 00:17:36,640 --> 00:17:40,280 "I saw the outline of a cobra sitting up with hood expanded 346 00:17:40,280 --> 00:17:43,880 "and threatening a cat who crouched about six feet away. 347 00:17:43,880 --> 00:17:47,360 "This was the loris who, with his arms and shoulders hunched up, 348 00:17:47,360 --> 00:17:50,800 "was a sufficiently good imitation of a cobra to take me in 349 00:17:50,800 --> 00:17:53,640 "as he swayed on his long legs and, every now and then, 350 00:17:53,640 --> 00:17:56,360 "let out a perfect cobra's hiss." Wow. Wow. 351 00:17:56,360 --> 00:17:58,320 Wonderful creature. 352 00:17:58,320 --> 00:18:00,920 Now, let's practise a little German. 353 00:18:00,920 --> 00:18:05,080 What type of animal is a Stachelschwein? 354 00:18:06,200 --> 00:18:07,440 Oh! Yes. 355 00:18:09,440 --> 00:18:10,800 Did you throw a pig at me?! 356 00:18:14,160 --> 00:18:16,040 OK, so not that one. 357 00:18:16,040 --> 00:18:18,760 What about a Wasserschwein? 358 00:18:18,760 --> 00:18:21,400 Is it like a water vole? 359 00:18:21,400 --> 00:18:23,120 Heading in the right direction. 360 00:18:23,120 --> 00:18:24,600 What about a Schweinswal? 361 00:18:24,600 --> 00:18:26,120 These are all sausages. 362 00:18:27,960 --> 00:18:30,520 It's not a walrus or something, is it? 363 00:18:30,520 --> 00:18:33,560 No, what about a Nabelschwein? They're all related, though. 364 00:18:33,560 --> 00:18:35,040 No, they're not related at all. 365 00:18:35,040 --> 00:18:37,040 Why do they keep using that word? 366 00:18:37,040 --> 00:18:41,120 Let's go back. Stachelschwein - or spike pig - is a porcupine. 367 00:18:41,120 --> 00:18:45,080 Ah! A Wasserschwein - or a water pig - is the capybara. 368 00:18:45,080 --> 00:18:46,960 There it is in the middle. Oh, OK. 369 00:18:46,960 --> 00:18:50,120 And a Schweinswal - or pig whale - is a porpoise. 370 00:18:50,120 --> 00:18:51,240 I love capybaras. 371 00:18:51,240 --> 00:18:53,320 I don't know if you've seen one, they're amazing. 372 00:18:53,320 --> 00:18:55,280 Brilliant, yeah. Largest rodent in the world. 373 00:18:55,280 --> 00:18:58,560 Well, you can see from that picture, it's bloody enormous. 374 00:18:58,560 --> 00:19:00,720 They grow to be about four-foot long, 375 00:19:00,720 --> 00:19:03,200 and there is a special Easter feast in Venezuela, 376 00:19:03,200 --> 00:19:06,200 and they eat it like turkey at Thanksgiving. 377 00:19:06,200 --> 00:19:08,040 Apparently, it tastes a bit like rabbit. 378 00:19:08,040 --> 00:19:10,600 It's like a big version of a guinea pig? 379 00:19:10,600 --> 00:19:13,320 Yeah, like a massive version. But you eat it at Easter. 380 00:19:13,320 --> 00:19:16,640 I've been to Peru, and I've eaten guinea pig. 381 00:19:16,640 --> 00:19:20,040 Oh, how was it? In Lima, Peru, there's three of the top 50 382 00:19:20,040 --> 00:19:22,920 restaurants in the world happen to all be in Lima, 383 00:19:22,920 --> 00:19:25,120 and it's really like a national... 384 00:19:25,120 --> 00:19:27,480 Like, everyone eats it, even in these three 385 00:19:27,480 --> 00:19:30,880 Michelin-star restaurants, they make "the best" guinea pig. 386 00:19:30,880 --> 00:19:32,960 And I had a guinea pig as a child, as a pet, 387 00:19:32,960 --> 00:19:36,920 so I tried it twice and I got to the third time, and I was just like, 388 00:19:36,920 --> 00:19:38,080 "I can't do it." 389 00:19:38,080 --> 00:19:42,400 They sell them in Chile anyway on sticks covered in honey, 390 00:19:42,400 --> 00:19:45,200 and there's kids who've been allowed to stay up and watch this 391 00:19:45,200 --> 00:19:47,200 who are sobbing their heart out. 392 00:19:47,200 --> 00:19:49,560 Some of them are dipping a guinea pig in... I know! 393 00:19:51,880 --> 00:19:53,680 Holding it in front of the fire. 394 00:19:53,680 --> 00:19:55,760 "How long do you think it will take?" 395 00:19:55,760 --> 00:19:58,480 The best way to cook it would be to put it in the wheel 396 00:19:58,480 --> 00:20:00,880 in front of the fire and just let it go round. 397 00:20:00,880 --> 00:20:03,360 "Run faster! I want you well-basted!" 398 00:20:04,840 --> 00:20:07,960 Quite a lot of times, Asia gets stick for eating dog, 399 00:20:07,960 --> 00:20:09,160 which they do, 400 00:20:09,160 --> 00:20:11,720 but Switzerland is a huge consumer of dogs. 401 00:20:11,720 --> 00:20:13,880 Up in the mountain areas. Seriously? Yes. 402 00:20:13,880 --> 00:20:16,480 They're chocolate dogs. They're little chocolate... 403 00:20:17,920 --> 00:20:22,080 Er... A Nabelschwein is actually what's known as a peccary. 404 00:20:22,080 --> 00:20:24,400 It's a distant relative of the pig, 405 00:20:24,400 --> 00:20:26,840 and again you'll find those in South and Central America. 406 00:20:26,840 --> 00:20:28,960 I know a little fact about them. Yes. 407 00:20:28,960 --> 00:20:33,920 Which is that in the 1980s, the band Siouxsie and the Banshees, 408 00:20:33,920 --> 00:20:36,000 they adopted the one at London Zoo, 409 00:20:36,000 --> 00:20:38,400 But on the condition that they could name it. 410 00:20:38,400 --> 00:20:40,000 And they called it Gregory Peccary. 411 00:20:42,240 --> 00:20:45,960 The German phrase which I really like - Innerer Schweinehund - 412 00:20:45,960 --> 00:20:48,960 and it literally means your inner pig dog. 413 00:20:48,960 --> 00:20:51,640 And it's the tiny voice that says to you, 414 00:20:51,640 --> 00:20:54,160 "Stay on the sofa, don't go to the gym." 415 00:20:56,240 --> 00:20:57,960 I speak fluent German. 416 00:20:57,960 --> 00:20:59,480 Do you? No. Oh. 417 00:21:00,840 --> 00:21:02,840 But I have a certificate that says I do. 418 00:21:02,840 --> 00:21:05,200 Why? I went to a comprehensive school, 419 00:21:05,200 --> 00:21:07,640 and we only did German for three months, 420 00:21:07,640 --> 00:21:10,560 and the teacher left, but they asked if we wanted to do a language exam. 421 00:21:10,560 --> 00:21:14,280 Anyway, I was ill on the one day that comprehensives were taking 422 00:21:14,280 --> 00:21:17,200 languages. Anyway, I came back about two days later and they said, 423 00:21:17,200 --> 00:21:20,240 "You've got to be away from everyone - you have to do it on your own." 424 00:21:20,240 --> 00:21:22,520 And they put me in the library on my own to do it. 425 00:21:23,960 --> 00:21:26,320 Well, I couldn't make head nor tail of the paper, 426 00:21:26,320 --> 00:21:29,640 but there was a German dictionary, 427 00:21:29,640 --> 00:21:31,240 and I got 81% 428 00:21:31,240 --> 00:21:33,960 and, as far as the record shows, I am fluent in German. 429 00:21:35,200 --> 00:21:38,880 So you behaved like a Schweinehund! A Schweinehund! 430 00:21:38,880 --> 00:21:41,040 It's an interesting thing, it's a German insult, 431 00:21:41,040 --> 00:21:42,960 but mainly in British movies. 432 00:21:42,960 --> 00:21:45,200 And comics. 433 00:21:45,200 --> 00:21:47,960 There was a very famous German pig called Tirpitz. 434 00:21:47,960 --> 00:21:52,120 So there was a battle in 1915 off the coast of South America 435 00:21:52,120 --> 00:21:55,000 And HMS Glasgow and HMS Kent, there they are, 436 00:21:55,000 --> 00:21:57,760 attracted by German cruiser called SMS Dresden, 437 00:21:57,760 --> 00:22:01,680 but it was very common to keep animals on board warships for food 438 00:22:01,680 --> 00:22:04,720 and this German pig flopped into the water, an enormous sow, 439 00:22:04,720 --> 00:22:06,920 and the British sailors spotted this, 440 00:22:06,920 --> 00:22:08,880 they winched the pig onto the deck 441 00:22:08,880 --> 00:22:10,520 and they adopted her as a mascot and 442 00:22:10,520 --> 00:22:12,840 they named her after the head of the German Navy, 443 00:22:12,840 --> 00:22:15,240 it was Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz. 444 00:22:15,240 --> 00:22:16,320 Wow. 445 00:22:16,320 --> 00:22:17,600 Yeah, he's quite a guy. 446 00:22:17,600 --> 00:22:19,120 I was in Shoreditch two days ago, 447 00:22:19,120 --> 00:22:20,920 I think that bloke made me a flat white. 448 00:22:26,520 --> 00:22:29,040 Um, how does that happen? 449 00:22:29,040 --> 00:22:32,160 He's had an accident on a bicycle, I think. 450 00:22:32,160 --> 00:22:33,800 He's gone over the handlebars. 451 00:22:34,840 --> 00:22:37,200 My beard! I've got the photo tomorrow! 452 00:22:40,880 --> 00:22:43,160 Wang! Aaagh! 453 00:22:43,160 --> 00:22:45,400 It looks a bit like Bill Bailey, to be fair, doesn't it? 454 00:22:47,720 --> 00:22:52,320 Moving on to palaeontology, we are going to place a tray of finds - 455 00:22:52,320 --> 00:22:54,000 there are you are, you've got them - 456 00:22:54,000 --> 00:22:57,680 and I would like you to identify the fossil. 457 00:22:57,680 --> 00:23:02,680 Now, you can use any part of your body except your hands. 458 00:23:02,680 --> 00:23:04,800 Thank you. 459 00:23:04,800 --> 00:23:08,560 So, how might you identify any of them? 460 00:23:08,560 --> 00:23:11,320 They told me I wouldn't need my glasses. 461 00:23:11,320 --> 00:23:13,920 OK, do you want to borrow mine? Yes. There you go, sweetie. 462 00:23:13,920 --> 00:23:16,720 These are all pebbles from a standard British B road. 463 00:23:19,640 --> 00:23:21,720 OK. So Phill is heading in the right direction. 464 00:23:23,240 --> 00:23:24,880 Can I put it in my mouth? No, you can't. 465 00:23:26,400 --> 00:23:28,040 Teri! 466 00:23:41,000 --> 00:23:45,200 Teri is exactly right, Teri has got the right answer. 467 00:23:45,200 --> 00:23:46,760 Good, good for her! 468 00:23:50,240 --> 00:23:52,520 So they've got various ways of distinguishing fossils 469 00:23:52,520 --> 00:23:56,480 from plain old rocks, but one of the ways you do it is to lick them. 470 00:23:56,480 --> 00:23:58,160 Oh, Jesus! 471 00:24:00,200 --> 00:24:02,480 Pay no attention, I'm going to lick this long one. 472 00:24:06,600 --> 00:24:08,800 That's actually a British sweet. 473 00:24:08,800 --> 00:24:10,360 You don't have to... OK. 474 00:24:12,280 --> 00:24:14,480 I really want to touch it. 475 00:24:14,480 --> 00:24:15,800 No. No. 476 00:24:18,680 --> 00:24:20,640 That's the ringtone I want! 477 00:24:23,400 --> 00:24:25,480 It's hot in here. It's hot. 478 00:24:25,480 --> 00:24:27,240 It is hot in here, Sandi. 479 00:24:27,240 --> 00:24:29,280 So, first of all, you can tell by looking 480 00:24:29,280 --> 00:24:31,160 and you can tell a bit by the texture, 481 00:24:31,160 --> 00:24:34,920 but if all else fails, you can identify fossils by licking them. 482 00:24:34,920 --> 00:24:38,680 Which one do you think is the dinosaur bone? Right... 483 00:24:38,680 --> 00:24:42,480 If you look at, you can see A. B. It's A, the dinosaur bone. 484 00:24:42,480 --> 00:24:44,240 It's stickier than a normal stone, 485 00:24:44,240 --> 00:24:46,360 because it's got calcium in, it's porous. 486 00:24:46,360 --> 00:24:48,720 Which ones did you lick? 487 00:24:48,720 --> 00:24:50,040 Just the one in the middle. 488 00:24:50,040 --> 00:24:52,360 You just licked the one in the middle, OK, good. 489 00:25:03,240 --> 00:25:05,640 That's not as hot as when I did it. 490 00:25:05,640 --> 00:25:10,960 No, it's not as hot. It's no way as hot as when you did it, Teri. 491 00:25:10,960 --> 00:25:13,320 Right, what am I... 492 00:25:13,320 --> 00:25:14,560 B. Try B. 493 00:25:14,560 --> 00:25:16,960 Try B? Yeah, just have a lick of it. 494 00:25:16,960 --> 00:25:19,400 No, don't put it all in your mouth! 495 00:25:19,400 --> 00:25:22,360 Just lick it. Just lick it. 496 00:25:22,360 --> 00:25:24,080 Hasn't anyone ever told you that? 497 00:25:32,320 --> 00:25:34,680 It's dinosaur poo! 498 00:25:34,680 --> 00:25:36,200 Is it? 499 00:25:38,360 --> 00:25:41,280 What's the correct word for dinosaur poo, or any poo? 500 00:25:41,280 --> 00:25:42,320 Delicious! 501 00:25:44,120 --> 00:25:45,920 It's a coprolite. 502 00:25:45,920 --> 00:25:47,480 Yeah, OK. 503 00:25:47,480 --> 00:25:48,800 So it would stick to the tongue. 504 00:25:48,800 --> 00:25:51,200 You don't necessarily have to touch them with your hands. 505 00:25:51,200 --> 00:25:54,120 There is a place in the United States called Big Bone Lick. 506 00:25:54,120 --> 00:25:55,560 It's in Kentucky. 507 00:25:55,560 --> 00:25:57,760 I've never been to Big Bone Lick. 508 00:26:00,160 --> 00:26:01,560 That's so weird! 509 00:26:04,000 --> 00:26:07,040 It's on the top of my list now, though! 510 00:26:08,240 --> 00:26:11,080 It's the birthplace of American palaeontology. 511 00:26:11,080 --> 00:26:13,800 So it's an area of very high mineral content, 512 00:26:13,800 --> 00:26:16,920 and it attracted bison, mastodon, moose, 513 00:26:16,920 --> 00:26:21,040 musk ox and so on. Peccary. And unfortunately, also very marshy, 514 00:26:21,040 --> 00:26:24,000 so the animals got stuck there and they left bones and they were 515 00:26:24,000 --> 00:26:26,360 discovered by 18th-century American explorers. 516 00:26:26,360 --> 00:26:28,480 I've got so much rock in my teeth, I can't function. 517 00:26:28,480 --> 00:26:30,560 Are you eating the rock? I had a bit of it, yeah. 518 00:26:30,560 --> 00:26:32,920 If you want to take the taste of rock out of your mouth, 519 00:26:32,920 --> 00:26:34,680 I recommend the dinosaur shit. 520 00:26:34,680 --> 00:26:37,040 Anything else I can put in my mouth, Sandi? What's this? 521 00:26:37,040 --> 00:26:40,080 Which have you got? I don't know, is this tyrannosaurus penis? 522 00:26:40,080 --> 00:26:41,920 I'll pop it in. 523 00:26:43,080 --> 00:26:45,800 You can use your mouth to identify pearls, that is completely true. 524 00:26:45,800 --> 00:26:47,960 It is something that you sometimes... On your teeth. 525 00:26:47,960 --> 00:26:50,760 Yeah, so a real pearl will feel sort of gritty and rough 526 00:26:50,760 --> 00:26:54,200 and the fake ones will feel, well, like all mine. 527 00:26:55,480 --> 00:26:57,400 Do you know the phrase, "Lick into shape"? 528 00:26:57,400 --> 00:26:59,680 Anyone know where that comes from? Um... 529 00:26:59,680 --> 00:27:01,360 It's bears - there's the clue. 530 00:27:01,360 --> 00:27:04,840 It was a belief in Medieval Europe that bear cubs were born shapeless 531 00:27:04,840 --> 00:27:07,960 and they had to be made into ursine form by their mother. 532 00:27:07,960 --> 00:27:09,400 I had a different thought. 533 00:27:09,400 --> 00:27:10,920 OK! 534 00:27:12,320 --> 00:27:14,680 Wow. We'll just leave that hanging in the air. 535 00:27:14,680 --> 00:27:16,640 If you want to surprise a palaeontologist, 536 00:27:16,640 --> 00:27:18,920 tell them to lick their own fossils. 537 00:27:18,920 --> 00:27:21,360 Let's put the fossils away. OK. 538 00:27:22,320 --> 00:27:25,120 Why do penguins take turns on the outside of the huddle? 539 00:27:27,840 --> 00:27:30,080 Well, on the March of the whatsits, 540 00:27:30,080 --> 00:27:33,000 they said it was because it's colder out there 541 00:27:33,000 --> 00:27:35,200 and everyone has to have their go. 542 00:27:35,200 --> 00:27:37,440 Are you saying that they're all trying to get 543 00:27:37,440 --> 00:27:38,840 in the middle all the time? 544 00:27:38,840 --> 00:27:42,480 No, here is the thing, it is so successful, the huddle, 545 00:27:42,480 --> 00:27:48,400 that even in the icy Arctic winter, the ones at the centre get too hot. 546 00:27:48,400 --> 00:27:50,400 It's a bit like having constant menopause. 547 00:27:50,400 --> 00:27:55,320 And they need to get to the outside, otherwise they overheat. 548 00:27:55,320 --> 00:27:57,200 It's like that on the tube sometimes. 549 00:27:58,320 --> 00:28:00,640 If they can't get to the edges, they put their heads up 550 00:28:00,640 --> 00:28:02,720 and they start breaking a terrible fuss, 551 00:28:02,720 --> 00:28:04,200 because they are much too hot. 552 00:28:04,200 --> 00:28:05,600 So the trick... 553 00:28:05,600 --> 00:28:08,200 "Let me out or I'm going to fly, and you know I can do it." 554 00:28:10,840 --> 00:28:12,680 So the trick is to get the packing just right. 555 00:28:12,680 --> 00:28:15,280 So if they're too loosely arranged, they won't stay warm enough 556 00:28:15,280 --> 00:28:17,520 and if they are too tightly jammed together, 557 00:28:17,520 --> 00:28:20,360 then they can't rearrange themselves and the animals in the middle 558 00:28:20,360 --> 00:28:21,920 will not get a chance to cool down. 559 00:28:21,920 --> 00:28:23,560 So what they do is they take 560 00:28:23,560 --> 00:28:25,800 really small 2-to-4-inch steps every minute or so, 561 00:28:25,800 --> 00:28:28,120 and there's a sort of wave of movement 562 00:28:28,120 --> 00:28:30,120 which rolls through the group. 563 00:28:30,120 --> 00:28:32,480 Colder, colder, colder. Freezing. Warmer. Warmer. 564 00:28:32,480 --> 00:28:33,840 Too hot, too hot, too hot. 565 00:28:33,840 --> 00:28:34,880 Colder... 566 00:28:34,880 --> 00:28:38,160 It looks like waiters going to a conference, doesn't it? 567 00:28:38,160 --> 00:28:41,440 Sort of wonderful. Do you know what a group of penguins is called? 568 00:28:41,440 --> 00:28:42,600 A pack. 569 00:28:42,600 --> 00:28:44,640 If they are in the water.... A family pack. 570 00:28:44,640 --> 00:28:45,960 ..they are known as a raft. 571 00:28:45,960 --> 00:28:48,000 Oh, you were talking about birds, not biscuits. 572 00:28:48,000 --> 00:28:49,480 Chocolate biscuits. Yes. No. 573 00:28:52,920 --> 00:28:55,440 There's a biscuit here called Penguin. 574 00:28:55,440 --> 00:28:56,960 Oh, you'd love it. 575 00:28:56,960 --> 00:28:59,760 If they are on land, it's called a waddle of penguins. 576 00:28:59,760 --> 00:29:01,040 A what? A waddle. 577 00:29:01,040 --> 00:29:06,600 In other Penguin News, fat penguins fall over more than slim ones. 578 00:29:08,480 --> 00:29:10,240 It's a rather unsurprising answer. 579 00:29:10,240 --> 00:29:14,440 They did an experiment where they got penguins to walk on a treadmill. 580 00:29:15,960 --> 00:29:18,520 Oh, what a bad.... No. 581 00:29:18,520 --> 00:29:22,360 There's four hours on BBC Four right there. 582 00:29:24,040 --> 00:29:26,240 What's wonderful is some of them were lazy, 583 00:29:26,240 --> 00:29:28,080 and they did what was called water-skiing. 584 00:29:28,080 --> 00:29:31,080 They just leant on the back wall and just did that and sort of... 585 00:29:31,080 --> 00:29:33,680 Are we there yet? How far? 586 00:29:34,680 --> 00:29:36,200 How far we got to go? 587 00:29:38,360 --> 00:29:39,880 We could learn a lot from penguins. 588 00:29:39,880 --> 00:29:43,800 So, in 2017, German scientists advised people that on icy roads, 589 00:29:43,800 --> 00:29:45,840 you should walk like a penguin. 590 00:29:45,840 --> 00:29:47,200 So what you have to do 591 00:29:47,200 --> 00:29:51,040 is you have to lean your torso forwards so the centre of gravity 592 00:29:51,040 --> 00:29:53,560 is on your front leg as opposed to being jointly on both legs, 593 00:29:53,560 --> 00:29:55,480 and then you have to put your feet out like this. 594 00:29:55,480 --> 00:29:58,080 And if you walk like that, you won't fall over on the ice. 595 00:29:58,080 --> 00:30:00,840 But it's a question of dignity, then, isn't it? 596 00:30:00,840 --> 00:30:03,720 Yeah, but falling over's not looking too good is it? 597 00:30:03,720 --> 00:30:05,560 I'd get pushed over. 598 00:30:05,560 --> 00:30:07,080 Idiot. 599 00:30:08,520 --> 00:30:09,880 OK. 600 00:30:09,880 --> 00:30:13,120 Which people in this studio should we replace with pigeons? 601 00:30:14,440 --> 00:30:17,520 Like a carrier, like a person who brings you...? Like a PA? 602 00:30:17,520 --> 00:30:21,240 Like a sort of runner who brings you things, like a carrier pigeon? 603 00:30:21,240 --> 00:30:22,560 I love this. No. 604 00:30:23,800 --> 00:30:26,160 So the answer is the camera operators. 605 00:30:26,160 --> 00:30:28,880 Well, they're the only people working apart from you. 606 00:30:32,160 --> 00:30:34,680 So here's the thing - birds can't move their eyes. 607 00:30:34,680 --> 00:30:37,560 Their necks have been designed to keep their heads completely still 608 00:30:37,560 --> 00:30:40,640 when they move, so as they walk, if you look at them, 609 00:30:40,640 --> 00:30:42,680 their heads and their eyes move forward 610 00:30:42,680 --> 00:30:45,920 and then they lock into place, then the body catches up with them. 611 00:30:45,920 --> 00:30:48,560 And then the head darts forward again, locks onto something new, 612 00:30:48,560 --> 00:30:49,960 and the pigeon keeps going. 613 00:30:49,960 --> 00:30:55,120 And that static image is what a good camera operator's trying to achieve. 614 00:30:55,120 --> 00:30:58,120 And pigeons have been used since the early 20th century 615 00:30:58,120 --> 00:30:59,560 as aerial photographers. 616 00:30:59,560 --> 00:31:02,400 The very first person to attach a camera to a pigeon, 617 00:31:02,400 --> 00:31:05,720 he was a German called Julius Neubronner. 618 00:31:05,720 --> 00:31:07,560 It's pronounced "Noy-bru-ner." 619 00:31:07,560 --> 00:31:09,560 "Noy-bru-ner." Thank you, darling. 620 00:31:09,560 --> 00:31:11,320 81%! 621 00:31:13,040 --> 00:31:16,080 That's not great with a dictionary - only 81%. 622 00:31:21,600 --> 00:31:25,320 So this guy, an apothecary from the town of Kronberg near Frankfurt, 623 00:31:25,320 --> 00:31:27,560 and he started receiving prescriptions 624 00:31:27,560 --> 00:31:30,560 from a sanatorium in nearby Falkenstein using pigeon post. 625 00:31:30,560 --> 00:31:32,920 He used to deliver medications back by post, 626 00:31:32,920 --> 00:31:36,520 and he thought this was marvellous. So he got some pigeons of his own, 627 00:31:36,520 --> 00:31:39,760 and then one of his birds came back rather mysteriously fed, 628 00:31:39,760 --> 00:31:42,680 and he attached a camera because he wanted to find out where it had been 629 00:31:42,680 --> 00:31:45,200 fed, and it turned out it was visiting a restaurant on the way, 630 00:31:45,200 --> 00:31:47,840 in a neighbouring town. 631 00:31:47,840 --> 00:31:50,520 Now, the cameras were quite big in those days. 632 00:31:50,520 --> 00:31:53,640 Part of the problem of attaching it was that the pigeons landed 633 00:31:53,640 --> 00:31:56,000 rather heavily when they came back 634 00:31:56,000 --> 00:31:58,960 so he set up an elasticated landing board, 635 00:31:58,960 --> 00:32:01,040 a bit like a small trampoline, 636 00:32:01,040 --> 00:32:04,280 just outside the dovecote so they'd land straight into the... 637 00:32:04,280 --> 00:32:05,720 ..thing. 638 00:32:07,360 --> 00:32:11,840 What? Just the elaborate web of bullshit this show constantly... 639 00:32:15,720 --> 00:32:18,080 Of course, pigeons are hugely important. 640 00:32:18,080 --> 00:32:20,280 In WWI, the wounding or molesting of a homing pigeon 641 00:32:20,280 --> 00:32:22,240 was punishable by six months' imprisonment 642 00:32:22,240 --> 00:32:24,160 or a £100... The wounding... Yep. 643 00:32:24,160 --> 00:32:26,280 ..or molesting...? 644 00:32:28,280 --> 00:32:30,960 People didn't have a lot of entertainment in those days. 645 00:32:30,960 --> 00:32:32,920 How is it working the camera? 646 00:32:32,920 --> 00:32:36,000 Because if it's got the camera, and it's flying with one wing, 647 00:32:36,000 --> 00:32:37,760 it's just going to go round and round. 648 00:32:37,760 --> 00:32:40,600 Yeah, IT'S not actually working the camera, if you can imagine. 649 00:32:40,600 --> 00:32:42,360 Going like that... 650 00:32:42,360 --> 00:32:44,080 It's two chambers... 651 00:32:46,640 --> 00:32:49,360 It's two chambers, Alan, and one of them has got gas in it, 652 00:32:49,360 --> 00:32:51,840 and that releases very slowly as the pigeon flies, 653 00:32:51,840 --> 00:32:54,120 and then that would depress the shutter button. 654 00:32:54,120 --> 00:32:55,600 You only get one picture. 655 00:32:55,600 --> 00:32:58,600 You only get one? It's not like the pigeon is going, "Smile, everybody!" 656 00:32:58,600 --> 00:33:01,720 "Going in for a closer look!" 657 00:33:01,720 --> 00:33:04,960 "Come here, little pigeon..." "Stop molesting that bird!" 658 00:33:07,960 --> 00:33:10,600 Pigeons are perfect camera people, 659 00:33:10,600 --> 00:33:13,800 so it's only a matter of time before they put our team out of work. 660 00:33:13,800 --> 00:33:15,480 What's the...? 661 00:33:17,640 --> 00:33:21,320 You're going to be out of focus for months now! 662 00:33:21,320 --> 00:33:24,240 What's the point of a poodle's perm? 663 00:33:25,880 --> 00:33:30,080 To keep it warm? Keep it warm, but why is it those odd shapes? 664 00:33:30,080 --> 00:33:33,920 Oh, well, that looks artificial, those ears have been trimmed. 665 00:33:35,280 --> 00:33:37,520 The name poodle is the German for "water dog". 666 00:33:37,520 --> 00:33:39,040 It's the same route as "puddle". 667 00:33:39,040 --> 00:33:42,480 And the ludicrous hairstyles are to help them get their quarry 668 00:33:42,480 --> 00:33:44,800 from the water. That's what they were designed for. 669 00:33:44,800 --> 00:33:47,760 The thick outer coat of a poodle is unbelievably heavy when wet 670 00:33:47,760 --> 00:33:50,400 so you shave the bottom half of the body, 671 00:33:50,400 --> 00:33:53,120 cos, obviously, you don't want them to drown, and then, 672 00:33:53,120 --> 00:33:56,560 the front bit is to keep the organs warm in cold water, 673 00:33:56,560 --> 00:33:59,640 the bracelets of ankle hair to protect the joints from rheumatism, 674 00:33:59,640 --> 00:34:02,480 shaving the hair around the face, so, obviously, you want the mouth 675 00:34:02,480 --> 00:34:06,560 and the eyes free so they can fulfil their retrieving responsibilities. 676 00:34:06,560 --> 00:34:09,200 And, the topknot, also to keep the hair out of the eyes, 677 00:34:09,200 --> 00:34:12,640 but, eventually, they used to tie knots of brightly coloured ribbon 678 00:34:12,640 --> 00:34:14,600 so you could recognise which was your dog. 679 00:34:14,600 --> 00:34:17,640 I always thought that was something that Crufts had come up with. 680 00:34:17,640 --> 00:34:21,320 No, darling. Absolutely all of it had a reason. 681 00:34:21,320 --> 00:34:22,880 Now, it became more ornate, 682 00:34:22,880 --> 00:34:25,000 particularly in France in the 18th century. 683 00:34:25,000 --> 00:34:28,520 People liked to mimic the ornate hairstyles of their rich owners. 684 00:34:28,520 --> 00:34:31,400 It became silly, but it didn't start in this way. 685 00:34:31,400 --> 00:34:33,240 There are different styles you can ask for. 686 00:34:33,240 --> 00:34:35,480 You can have the Continental or the English saddle. 687 00:34:35,480 --> 00:34:38,120 So, Continental there on the left, but they're both designed 688 00:34:38,120 --> 00:34:40,200 to show off what's called a poodle's squareness. 689 00:34:40,200 --> 00:34:43,800 So, in a properly square poodle, the area from the breastbone to the rump 690 00:34:43,800 --> 00:34:47,200 measures exactly the same distance as the shoulders to the ground. 691 00:34:47,200 --> 00:34:50,640 So, a good-looking poodle ought to be exactly square 692 00:34:50,640 --> 00:34:52,080 in its measurements. 693 00:34:52,080 --> 00:34:55,000 And now it's time for Alan's pet hate, 694 00:34:55,000 --> 00:34:57,080 the round that we call General Ignorance. 695 00:34:57,080 --> 00:34:59,640 Fingers on buzzers, please. 696 00:34:59,640 --> 00:35:03,000 OK. What does the S on Superman's chest stand for? 697 00:35:05,320 --> 00:35:07,040 Love that noise! Well... 698 00:35:07,040 --> 00:35:08,920 Super. 699 00:35:13,080 --> 00:35:14,720 So it's not an S. 700 00:35:14,720 --> 00:35:16,280 Simon. 701 00:35:19,680 --> 00:35:21,360 How can they type that fast?! 702 00:35:21,360 --> 00:35:24,720 So in the 2013 film, Lois Lane actually asks... 703 00:35:24,720 --> 00:35:27,080 I don't know why I'm telling YOU. I don't either, but... 704 00:35:27,080 --> 00:35:29,800 She actually asks Superman what the S stands for, and it's not an S, 705 00:35:29,800 --> 00:35:32,560 it's a Kryptonian symbol of hope. 706 00:35:32,560 --> 00:35:34,680 It just looks like an S by coincidence. 707 00:35:34,680 --> 00:35:37,360 It looks exactly... Apparently. I should have known that. 708 00:35:37,360 --> 00:35:39,560 You should have, yes. Let's try one you should know. 709 00:35:39,560 --> 00:35:41,440 Superman's real name is of course... 710 00:35:43,520 --> 00:35:45,480 Jor-El. No, it's Kal-El. 711 00:35:45,480 --> 00:35:47,520 Oh, Kal-El, you're right! 712 00:35:47,520 --> 00:35:49,720 Jor-El's the dad. Look at me, 713 00:35:49,720 --> 00:35:54,120 I'm the least Superman knowledgeable person on this panel. 714 00:35:54,120 --> 00:35:56,720 How many episodes did you play Lois Lane? 715 00:35:56,720 --> 00:35:58,400 Clearly not enough. 716 00:35:58,400 --> 00:36:03,040 I guess it was four years times 22, so what's that? 88. 717 00:36:03,040 --> 00:36:04,840 Something like that. 718 00:36:04,840 --> 00:36:06,600 Just look at this picture of you. 719 00:36:06,600 --> 00:36:10,280 Can I just say, that picture of you was, at the time on the internet, 720 00:36:10,280 --> 00:36:13,080 the most downloaded image in the world? 721 00:36:13,080 --> 00:36:16,680 Yeah, it was only because that was like the beginning of the internet. 722 00:36:16,680 --> 00:36:19,440 No, doesn't she look amazing? Look at that picture. 723 00:36:22,920 --> 00:36:24,800 So why did you reveal it straight away? 724 00:36:24,800 --> 00:36:28,320 You should've had us sitting here for 20 minutes going... 725 00:36:28,320 --> 00:36:30,160 Ba-ba-ba-ba-ba, ba-ba-ba-ba-ba, 726 00:36:30,160 --> 00:36:31,480 ba-ba-ba-ba-ba... 727 00:36:31,480 --> 00:36:32,880 Any minute now. 728 00:36:32,880 --> 00:36:35,440 Dial-up AOL... Dial-up, right. 729 00:36:35,440 --> 00:36:38,520 But Lois is not Superman's only love interest. 730 00:36:38,520 --> 00:36:41,520 Lana Lang. Lana Lang. 731 00:36:41,520 --> 00:36:44,320 Same initials, so he can keep the tattoo, which I quite like. 732 00:36:45,480 --> 00:36:46,800 Very good. 733 00:36:46,800 --> 00:36:51,440 Did you enjoy doing it? Oh, I did. I did. And we still keep in touch. 734 00:36:51,440 --> 00:36:52,800 We actually... 735 00:36:52,800 --> 00:36:54,520 Fly around the Earth sometimes. 736 00:36:55,920 --> 00:36:59,360 Last summer, we did a Comic-Con in Sydney together. 737 00:36:59,360 --> 00:37:02,280 Is that where the fans go and...? Yes. 738 00:37:02,280 --> 00:37:05,560 And we climbed the Sydney Harbour Bridge. 739 00:37:05,560 --> 00:37:09,120 And I don't think he'll be mad if I tell you this story, 740 00:37:09,120 --> 00:37:13,280 but I didn't know that he was afraid of heights. 741 00:37:13,280 --> 00:37:14,600 Aww! 742 00:37:14,600 --> 00:37:16,760 I don't know who has climbed that bridge, 743 00:37:16,760 --> 00:37:18,880 but it is quite high and it can freak you out. 744 00:37:18,880 --> 00:37:21,120 But we really had a good time together, yeah. 745 00:37:21,120 --> 00:37:23,920 Because the best bit in the story is his disguise, 746 00:37:23,920 --> 00:37:28,280 isn't it? He only has glasses on, then he takes them off. 747 00:37:28,280 --> 00:37:30,520 Which of course is why I really know nothing, 748 00:37:30,520 --> 00:37:33,440 because if I was fooled by glasses on, glasses off... 749 00:37:33,440 --> 00:37:36,080 Wait, take your glasses off. Oh, my God, where did Sandi go? 750 00:37:36,080 --> 00:37:37,360 Yeah, exactly. 751 00:37:37,360 --> 00:37:40,920 Somebody bring back Sandi - she's running the whole thing! 752 00:37:40,920 --> 00:37:43,520 Thank God you're back! 753 00:37:43,520 --> 00:37:45,720 Oh! We were really lost there. 754 00:37:47,360 --> 00:37:49,560 Here's a very strange thing. They did a study in 2016 755 00:37:49,560 --> 00:37:50,720 at the University of York, 756 00:37:50,720 --> 00:37:53,200 and they showed people side-by-side images and asked 757 00:37:53,200 --> 00:37:55,560 whether each image was of the same person. 758 00:37:55,560 --> 00:37:57,000 And so, the images included pairs 759 00:37:57,000 --> 00:37:59,440 where both faces were wearing glasses 760 00:37:59,440 --> 00:38:02,000 and pairs in which neither face was wearing glasses 761 00:38:02,000 --> 00:38:04,240 and pairs where one face had glasses or not. 762 00:38:04,240 --> 00:38:05,800 And in the first two categories, 763 00:38:05,800 --> 00:38:08,320 people guessed correctly 80% of the time. 764 00:38:09,560 --> 00:38:11,320 But, when it was a photo like this, 765 00:38:11,320 --> 00:38:13,840 one with glasses and one with not, 766 00:38:13,840 --> 00:38:17,440 only 74% could recognise it was the same person! 767 00:38:17,440 --> 00:38:20,120 So, maybe Lois wasn't as bad as we thought. 768 00:38:20,120 --> 00:38:23,760 It still seems chancy because three out of four people would have gone, 769 00:38:23,760 --> 00:38:25,240 "Oh, hello there!" 770 00:38:26,400 --> 00:38:28,840 Superman's S stands for s... 771 00:38:28,840 --> 00:38:30,400 hope. 772 00:38:32,440 --> 00:38:34,000 How does the crow fly? 773 00:38:35,440 --> 00:38:37,880 A-ha! Yeah, Alan? 774 00:38:37,880 --> 00:38:40,200 In a straight line, directly to its destination. 775 00:38:43,160 --> 00:38:46,280 Anybody else? Round and round in circles. 776 00:38:46,280 --> 00:38:48,520 Constantly lost. 777 00:38:48,520 --> 00:38:51,800 No, they did a study at Oxford University, and it is true that 778 00:38:51,800 --> 00:38:53,440 crows and pigeons use 779 00:38:53,440 --> 00:38:55,800 natural magnetic and solar compasses to navigate, 780 00:38:55,800 --> 00:39:00,440 but that's not as important as their knowledge of human transport routes. 781 00:39:00,440 --> 00:39:03,520 So let's imagine that a crow is travelling from Portsmouth 782 00:39:03,520 --> 00:39:05,280 to the Peak District. 783 00:39:05,280 --> 00:39:06,680 It would follow the M275... 784 00:39:08,120 --> 00:39:09,840 ..then the M3. 785 00:39:09,840 --> 00:39:12,200 It would get on the M40 to Oxfordshire, 786 00:39:12,200 --> 00:39:16,760 take the A46 to Coventry and follow the M1 for 62 miles. 787 00:39:17,680 --> 00:39:21,600 Really, that's true? Yes, darling, everything I say is true. 788 00:39:21,600 --> 00:39:25,200 There's a start-up company in the Netherlands called Crowded Cities, 789 00:39:25,200 --> 00:39:27,880 and they're trying to get crows to recognise cigarette butts 790 00:39:27,880 --> 00:39:29,360 and drop them into a bin, 791 00:39:29,360 --> 00:39:31,680 and if the camera in the bin recognises the object 792 00:39:31,680 --> 00:39:34,720 as a cigarette butt, it gives the creature some food. 793 00:39:34,720 --> 00:39:36,560 Wow. What sort of food? 794 00:39:36,560 --> 00:39:38,080 It'll be, you know, a bit of grain. 795 00:39:38,080 --> 00:39:40,720 You know, I'm just saying that sometimes when you're abroad 796 00:39:40,720 --> 00:39:42,800 and you've spent all your loose money... 797 00:39:44,960 --> 00:39:47,400 You get a bit peckish... And if it's something yummy... 798 00:39:47,400 --> 00:39:49,960 You're going to pick up cigarette butts and put them...? 799 00:39:49,960 --> 00:39:54,680 Damn straight. OK. And I'll wear a crow suit while I do it. 800 00:39:54,680 --> 00:39:56,880 Cover yourself in panda pee. 801 00:39:56,880 --> 00:39:58,400 Let's not be silly. Sorry. 802 00:39:58,400 --> 00:40:00,520 OK. 803 00:40:02,800 --> 00:40:06,560 There's a Belgian designer-scientist called Tuur Van Balen 804 00:40:06,560 --> 00:40:10,040 who wants to use pigeons to clean up things. 805 00:40:10,040 --> 00:40:12,040 So, he's working on a pigeon diet 806 00:40:12,040 --> 00:40:15,360 that would turn pigeon faeces into soap. 807 00:40:17,120 --> 00:40:20,320 So, they would actually clean cities instead of dirtying them. 808 00:40:20,320 --> 00:40:23,680 Now, I think it's a slightly impractical plan if I may say so, 809 00:40:23,680 --> 00:40:26,480 because he first has to get a pigeon to fly into a box 810 00:40:26,480 --> 00:40:29,000 in order to eat the different diets that he has come up with 811 00:40:29,000 --> 00:40:31,480 to create different kinds of soap. 812 00:40:31,480 --> 00:40:33,120 And there he is and he has got one. 813 00:40:35,200 --> 00:40:37,880 Now, how many tentacles does an octopus have? 814 00:40:37,880 --> 00:40:39,400 Ooh! 815 00:40:39,400 --> 00:40:40,840 Isn't it eight? 816 00:40:44,840 --> 00:40:47,080 One? No. 817 00:40:51,040 --> 00:40:52,480 Two. Two? 818 00:40:52,480 --> 00:40:54,840 No. 819 00:40:54,840 --> 00:40:56,400 Ten. 820 00:40:56,400 --> 00:40:58,240 Ten? Ten? No. 821 00:41:00,760 --> 00:41:03,400 Is it none? It's none. 822 00:41:03,400 --> 00:41:06,880 So we used to use tentacles as interchangeable with arms, 823 00:41:06,880 --> 00:41:08,800 but the modern convention is 824 00:41:08,800 --> 00:41:11,240 if an invertebrate structure has suckers 825 00:41:11,240 --> 00:41:13,760 along its entire length, that's an arm. 826 00:41:13,760 --> 00:41:16,200 If it only has suckers at the tip, that's a tentacle. 827 00:41:16,200 --> 00:41:19,760 So octopuses have eight arms, but they have no tentacles at all. 828 00:41:19,760 --> 00:41:22,440 So the ones that do have tentacles are things like jellyfish 829 00:41:22,440 --> 00:41:23,840 and sea anemones and coral. 830 00:41:23,840 --> 00:41:28,040 Octopus suckers not only suck but they can also smell and taste, 831 00:41:28,040 --> 00:41:31,520 and they can stick to any surface except... 832 00:41:31,520 --> 00:41:32,760 The television. 833 00:41:35,080 --> 00:41:37,800 Themselves. They never stick to octopus skin, 834 00:41:37,800 --> 00:41:40,120 because that would be annoying. 835 00:41:43,320 --> 00:41:46,200 Anybody in the room remember the names of any famous octopuses? 836 00:41:46,200 --> 00:41:49,360 It was the one that guessed the World Cup results. 837 00:41:49,360 --> 00:41:50,960 Paul. Paul the octopus. 838 00:41:50,960 --> 00:41:54,200 They brought him two boxes containing food. 839 00:41:54,200 --> 00:41:57,400 And then, the boxes were identical apart from they were decorated 840 00:41:57,400 --> 00:41:59,880 with the different team flags of the competitors. 841 00:41:59,880 --> 00:42:01,680 And then, whichever box he ate from first, 842 00:42:01,680 --> 00:42:04,600 apparently, that was his prediction that the team would win. 843 00:42:04,600 --> 00:42:06,760 What they discovered was he had a strong preference 844 00:42:06,760 --> 00:42:08,800 for horizontal stripes. 845 00:42:08,800 --> 00:42:11,720 All the flags of the countries he favoured had horizontal stripes. 846 00:42:11,720 --> 00:42:15,600 So, he had quite a good run, though, didn't he? He did, yeah. 847 00:42:15,600 --> 00:42:18,240 OK. What's the first line of Moby Dick? 848 00:42:18,240 --> 00:42:20,480 "Call me Ishmael." 849 00:42:20,480 --> 00:42:22,320 There we go. 850 00:42:23,320 --> 00:42:26,640 No. So it is the first sentence of Chapter One, 851 00:42:26,640 --> 00:42:28,520 but it's not the first line of the book. 852 00:42:28,520 --> 00:42:31,280 There's two rather rambling introductory chapters. 853 00:42:31,280 --> 00:42:33,400 They're called Etymology and Extracts. 854 00:42:33,400 --> 00:42:35,720 So, that is the first bit of the book. 855 00:42:35,720 --> 00:42:37,360 The first line is etymology 856 00:42:37,360 --> 00:42:40,840 supplied by a late consumptive usher a grammar school. 857 00:42:40,840 --> 00:42:42,520 I was going to say that. Yeah. 858 00:42:44,400 --> 00:42:48,040 Who is Ismael? He's the one who tries to get on the ship. 859 00:42:48,040 --> 00:42:50,600 Well, a lot of people say it's the name of the narrator, 860 00:42:50,600 --> 00:42:52,360 but it isn't. We don't know the name. 861 00:42:52,360 --> 00:42:55,400 He just says, "Call me Ismael", but it could be anything. 862 00:42:55,400 --> 00:42:59,360 It's a biblical reference. His actual name is unknown. 863 00:42:59,360 --> 00:43:01,400 But enough of our imaginary menagerie, 864 00:43:01,400 --> 00:43:02,720 it's time for the scores. 865 00:43:02,720 --> 00:43:06,320 In first place, as proud as a peacock... 866 00:43:06,320 --> 00:43:09,920 Oh, my goodness - with -7, it's Danny. 867 00:43:09,920 --> 00:43:11,480 Oh, excellent! Thank you. 868 00:43:13,800 --> 00:43:15,880 In second place with -18, it's Phill. 869 00:43:19,880 --> 00:43:24,600 In third place, making a fantastic debut with -38, it's Teri. 870 00:43:29,840 --> 00:43:31,960 And in last place, as sick as a parrot, 871 00:43:31,960 --> 00:43:33,680 with -54, it's Alan. 872 00:43:41,960 --> 00:43:44,400 Thank you to Teri, Phill, Danny and Alan. 873 00:43:44,400 --> 00:43:46,440 That's all from us, so goodnight.